CN116159952A - Method for improving notch sensitivity of GH2909 alloy forging and GH2909 alloy forging - Google Patents
Method for improving notch sensitivity of GH2909 alloy forging and GH2909 alloy forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN116159952A CN116159952A CN202211596384.9A CN202211596384A CN116159952A CN 116159952 A CN116159952 A CN 116159952A CN 202211596384 A CN202211596384 A CN 202211596384A CN 116159952 A CN116159952 A CN 116159952A
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- notch sensitivity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging and the GH2909 alloy forging, which comprises the following steps of S1: selecting a rod-shaped blank for first heating and preserving heat; s2: heating the rod-shaped blank in the step S1 for the second time and preserving heat; s3: putting the rod-shaped blank with the S2 reaching the heat preservation time into forging equipment for forging and forming; s4: rapidly cooling the forging piece obtained in the step S3; s5: performing surface defect treatment on the cooled forging; s6: aging heat treatment is carried out on the forge piece subjected to surface defect treatment; the GH2909 forge piece produced by the method has no persistent notch sensitivity problem, and can obtain the forge piece with qualified structure and mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aeroengines, in particular to a method for improving notch sensitivity of GH2909 alloy forgings. In addition, the invention also relates to the GH2909 alloy forging prepared by the method for improving notch sensitivity of the GH2909 alloy forging.
Background
The GH2909 alloy is age hardening type low-expansion high-temperature alloy taking Fe-Ni-Co as a matrix, has almost constant elastic modulus below 650 ℃, low expansion coefficient and good comprehensive performance, is an ideal material for an aerospace engine, and is mainly used for manufacturing important structural components such as an aeroengine heat insulation ring, an outer cover, a casing and the like.
The GH2909 alloy mainly precipitates the phase and has gamma ' phase, epsilon phase, laves phase and MC phase, the laves phase of the alloy is rich in Nb phase, nb is also a main component element of gamma ' strengthening phase, the element is one of factors influencing the durability of alloy forgings, when the laves phase precipitates in a large amount of grain boundaries, a large amount of Nb element is consumed, and gamma ' lean areas are formed on two sides of the grain boundaries, so that the strength of the grain boundaries is reduced, plastic deformation is easy, particularly stress peaks at gaps are relieved, stress is redistributed and gradually becomes flat, and the gap sensitivity of the alloy can be weakened or eliminated. Another factor affecting the durability of alloy forgings is epsilon phase, which can improve the durability of the alloy when precipitated in the crystal, and can improve the resistance of the alloy to stress accelerating the oxidation brittleness of the crystal boundary when precipitated in the crystal boundary, which is beneficial to eliminating the notch sensitivity of the alloy.
After a certain aeroengine turbine casing is produced by adopting low-temperature forging and a standard heat treatment system, the problems of unstable structure and performance exist, and particularly the problem of persistent performance notch sensitivity is particularly remarkable; meanwhile, forgings produced by adopting GH2909 alloy in the industry always have the problem of unqualified durability. Accordingly, there is a need to improve existing forging methods to improve the content and distribution of granular laves and epsilon phases in the microstructure of GH2909 alloy forgings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging and the GH2909 alloy forging, so as to solve the technical problems of notch sensitivity and unqualified durability of the GH2909 alloy forging.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging, comprising the steps of,
s1: selecting a rod-shaped blank for first heating and heat preservation to dissolve a laves phase in the alloy;
s2: heating and preserving heat of the rod-shaped blank in the step S1 for the second time so as to facilitate forging and forming;
s3: placing the rod-shaped blank with the S2 reaching the heat preservation time in forging equipment for forging forming so as to enable crystal grains of the alloy to be broken in the forging deformation process and obtain uniform and fine crystal grain structures;
s4: rapidly cooling the forging obtained in the step S3 to separate out granular labes phases along grain boundaries;
s5: performing surface defect treatment on the cooled forging;
s6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the forge piece subjected to the surface defect treatment, so that epsilon phase is fully precipitated at the grain boundary.
Further, in the step S1, the temperature of the first heating is (1040-1060) +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is determined according to the effective thickness, and the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0-2.0 min/mm.
Further, in the step S2, the temperature of the second heating is (980-1000) +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is determined according to the effective thickness, and the heat preservation coefficient is 0.4-0.6 min/mm.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31: preheating forging equipment and a tool before forging;
s32: and (3) placing the blank with the S2 reaching the heat preservation time into preheated forging equipment for forging and forming.
Further, in S31, the anvil, the punch and the clamp of the forging apparatus are preheated to 150 to 250 ℃.
Further, in S32, the deformation amount of the forging forming is controlled to be 30% to 80%.
Further, the step S3 further includes step S33: if the forging cannot be completely formed by one fire, repeating S2, S31 and S32.
Further, in S33, the final forging deformation of the last fire is more than or equal to 30%.
Further, in S4, the forging obtained in S3 is immediately put into water for cooling.
Further, in the step S1, the size of the bar-shaped blank is phi 80 multiplied by 155mm, the temperature of the first heating is 1060+/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 160min;
in the step S2, the temperature of the second heating is 990+/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40-100 min;
in the step S3, upsetting and punching and expanding the rod-shaped blank with the heat preservation time of the step S2 to deform the rod-shaped blank into a first fire, wherein the deformation is 80%, and the ring blank with the size of phi 162+/-3 x phi 90+/-3 x 40+/-2 mm is obtained; returning the ring blank to the furnace for heating at 990+/-10 ℃ for 20-80 min, discharging the ring blank from the furnace for reaming and forming after the heat preservation time is reached, wherein the deformation is 33%, and obtaining the forging with the size of phi 236+/-3 xphi 186+/-3 x39+/-2 mm;
in the step S4, immediately putting the forged piece into water for cooling after forging and forming;
and in the step S6, performing direct aging heat treatment according to a standard aging heat treatment system.
According to another aspect of the invention, a GH2909 alloy forging is provided, and the GH2909 alloy forging is prepared by the method for improving notch sensitivity of the GH2909 alloy forging.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for improving the durable notch sensitivity of the GH2909 alloy forging, provided by the invention, the laves phase in the alloy can be dissolved by controlling the first heating temperature of pretreatment before forging, so that the laves phase can be separated out along a grain boundary in the subsequent forging forming process of the alloy; the forging heating temperature and the deformation are controlled through the second heating, so that the alloy is subjected to grain crushing in the forging deformation process, and a uniform and fine grain structure is obtained; rapidly cooling the forging so that granular labes phases can be separated out along grain boundaries; the direct aging heat treatment increases the defects of the crystal and the grain boundary, provides favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for the precipitation of the epsilon phase, accelerates the nucleation of the epsilon phase, and ensures that the epsilon phase can be sufficiently precipitated at the grain boundary, thereby improving the sensitivity of the permanent notch; the GH2909 alloy forging produced by the method has no persistent notch sensitivity problem, and can obtain forging with qualified structure and mechanical properties.
In addition to the purposes described above: features and advantages in addition to other objects of the invention: features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of improving notch sensitivity of GH2909 alloy forgings in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a high-power microstructure of a GH2909 alloy forging of a preferred embodiment of the invention, with a majority of the granular phases distributed at grain boundaries and a small amount precipitated within the grain.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, but the invention can be practiced in a number of different ways, as defined and covered below.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for improving notch sensitivity of GH2909 alloy forgings of the embodiment comprises the following steps,
s1: selecting a rod-shaped blank for first heating and heat preservation to dissolve a laves phase in the alloy;
s2: heating and preserving heat of the rod-shaped blank in the step S1 for the second time so as to facilitate forging and forming;
s3: placing the rod-shaped blank with the S2 reaching the heat preservation time in forging equipment for forging forming so as to enable crystal grains of the alloy to be broken in the forging deformation process and obtain uniform and fine crystal grain structures;
s4: rapidly cooling the forging obtained in the step S3 to separate out granular labes phases along grain boundaries;
s5: performing surface defect treatment on the cooled forging;
s6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the forge piece subjected to the surface defect treatment, so that epsilon phase is fully precipitated at the grain boundary.
According to the method for improving the durable notch sensitivity of the GH2909 alloy forging, provided by the invention, the laves phase in the alloy can be dissolved by controlling the first heating temperature of pretreatment before forging, so that the laves phase can be separated out along a grain boundary in the subsequent forging forming process of the alloy; the forging heating temperature and the deformation are controlled through the second heating, so that the alloy is subjected to grain crushing in the forging deformation process, and a uniform and fine grain structure is obtained; rapidly cooling the forging so that granular labes phases can be separated out along grain boundaries; the direct aging heat treatment increases the defects of the crystal and the grain boundary, provides favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for the precipitation of the epsilon phase, accelerates the nucleation of the epsilon phase, and ensures that the epsilon phase can be sufficiently precipitated at the grain boundary, thereby improving the sensitivity of the permanent notch; the GH2909 alloy forging produced by the method has no persistent notch sensitivity problem, and can obtain forging with qualified structure and mechanical properties.
In this embodiment, in the step S1, the temperature of the first heating is (1040-1060) + -10deg.C, the heat preservation time is determined according to the effective thickness, and the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0-2.0 min/mm.
In this embodiment, in the step S2, the temperature of the second heating is (980-1000) + -10deg.C, the heat preservation time is determined according to the effective thickness, and the heat preservation coefficient is 0.4-0.6 min/mm.
In this embodiment, the step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31: preheating forging equipment and a tool before forging;
s32: and (3) placing the blank with the S2 reaching the heat preservation time into preheated forging equipment for forging and forming.
In this embodiment, in S31, the anvil, the punch, and the jig of the forging apparatus are preheated to 150 to 250 ℃.
In this embodiment, in S32, the deformation amount of the forging forming is controlled to be 30% -80%, and the structure is relatively coarse below the prescribed deformation amount, and the number of the laves phases distributed along the grain boundary is greatly reduced, so that the notch sensitivity problem is liable to occur.
In this embodiment, the step S3 further includes step S33: if the forging cannot be completely formed by one fire, repeating S2, S31 and S32.
In this embodiment, in S33, the final forging deformation amount of the last fire is equal to or greater than 30%.
In this embodiment, in S4, the forging piece obtained in S3 is immediately placed into water for cooling.
Examples
S1, placing a bar-shaped blank with phi 80 multiplied by 155mm in an electric furnace to heat for the first time, wherein the heating temperature is 1060+/-10 ℃, the heat preservation coefficient is 2.0min/mm, and the heat preservation time is 160min.
S2, placing the rod-shaped blank heated in the S1 into another electric furnace for secondary heating, wherein the heating temperature is 990+/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation coefficient is 0.5min/mm, so that the lower limit of the heat preservation time is 40min; the upper limit of the heat preservation time is 60 minutes more than the lower limit of the heat preservation time, so the heat preservation time is 40-100 minutes.
S3, upsetting and punching and expanding the rod-shaped blank with the heat preservation time of S2 to deform the rod-shaped blank into first fire, wherein the deformation is 80%, and the ring blank with the size of phi 162+/-3 x phi 90+/-3 x 40+/-2 mm is obtained; and (3) returning the ring blank to the furnace for heating at 990+/-10 ℃ for 20-80 min, and halving the heat preservation time when the ring blank is hot, wherein the heat preservation time is up-line and the heat preservation time is down-line for more than or equal to 60min, and discharging the ring blank from the furnace for reaming and forming after the heat preservation time is reached, wherein the deformation is 33%, so that the forging with the size of phi 236+/-3 x phi 186+/-3 x 39+/-2 mm is obtained.
S4, immediately putting the forged piece after forging and forming into water for cooling.
S5, performing surface defect treatment on the cooled forging.
S6, performing direct aging heat treatment according to a standard aging heat treatment system.
And finishing the preparation of the GH2909 alloy forging.
For GH2909 alloy, granular lables distributed at the grain boundary have an inhibiting effect on the sensitivity of a permanent notch, and when granular lables generated in the thermal deformation process of the alloy are dispersed and distributed in crystals, the grain boundary is less, the permanent notch sensitivity is generated; however, when the laves phase is granular or small block-shaped on the grain boundary, the sensitivity of the permanent notch is weakened or even eliminated when the laves phase is discontinuously distributed. The purpose of the first heat pretreatment is to dissolve a significant amount, or even all, of the laves phase in the alloy to facilitate re-graining out at the grain boundaries during subsequent heat deformation (i.e., low temperature forging). And in the subsequent aging process, the epsilon phase is promoted to be separated out along the grain boundary, and the ideal tissue distribution is obtained, so that the problem of notch sensitivity of the part is solved.
As shown in FIG. 2, the high-power structure photo of the GH2909 alloy forging in the embodiment shows that the number of intra-crystal lables is small, the lables are mainly granular on grain boundaries and discontinuously distributed, and the high-power structure photo is an ideal structure of the forging without the problem of notch sensitivity.
The mechanical property data of the GH2909 alloy forging of this example are shown in table 1.
Table 1 forging mechanical properties data
As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength and yield strength properties are about 100MPa higher than those required by the standard, and particularly the durability is far longer than that required by the standard, reaching more than 100 hours. The forging obtained according to the technical scheme has qualified structure and mechanical property, and no persistent notch sensitivity problem occurs.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present invention: equivalent substitution: modifications, etc., are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving notch sensitivity of GH2909 alloy forgings is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1: selecting a rod-shaped blank for first heating and heat preservation to dissolve a laves phase in the alloy;
s2: heating and preserving heat of the rod-shaped blank in the step S1 for the second time so as to facilitate forging and forming;
s3: placing the rod-shaped blank with the S2 reaching the heat preservation time in forging equipment for forging forming so as to enable crystal grains of the alloy to be broken in the forging deformation process and obtain uniform and fine crystal grain structures;
s4: rapidly cooling the forging obtained in the step S3 to separate out granular labes phases along grain boundaries;
s5: performing surface defect treatment on the cooled forging;
s6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the forge piece subjected to the surface defect treatment, so that epsilon phase is fully precipitated at the grain boundary.
2. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging, as recited in claim 1,
in the step S1, the temperature of the first heating is (1040-1060) +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is determined according to the effective thickness, and the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0-2.0 min/mm.
3. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging, as recited in claim 1,
in the step S2, the temperature of the second heating is (980-1000) +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is determined according to the effective thickness, and the heat preservation coefficient is 0.4-0.6 min/mm.
4. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging, as recited in claim 1,
the step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
s31: preheating forging equipment and a tool before forging;
s32: and (3) placing the blank with the S2 reaching the heat preservation time into preheated forging equipment for forging and forming.
5. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging of claim 4,
in S31, the anvil, the punch and the clamp of the forging equipment are preheated to 150-250 ℃.
6. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging of claim 4,
in S32, the deformation amount of the forging forming is 30% to 80%.
7. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging of claim 4,
the step S3 may further comprise the step of,
s33: if the forging cannot be completely formed by one fire, repeating S2, S31 and S32.
8. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging of claim 7,
in the step S33, the final forging deformation of the last fire is more than or equal to 30 percent.
9. The method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging, as recited in claim 1,
in the step S1, the size of the bar-shaped blank is phi 80 multiplied by 155mm, the first heating temperature is 1060+/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 160min;
in the step S2, the temperature of the second heating is 990+/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40-100 min;
in the step S3, upsetting and punching and expanding the rod-shaped blank with the heat preservation time of the step S2 to deform the rod-shaped blank into a first fire, wherein the deformation is 80%, and the ring blank with the size of phi 162+/-3 x phi 90+/-3 x 40+/-2 mm is obtained; returning the ring blank to the furnace for heating at 990+/-10 ℃ for 20-80 min, discharging the ring blank from the furnace for reaming and forming after the heat preservation time is reached, wherein the deformation is 33%, and obtaining the forging with the size of phi 236+/-3 xphi 186+/-3 x39+/-2 mm;
in the step S4, immediately putting the forged piece into water for cooling after forging and forming;
and in the step S6, performing direct aging heat treatment according to a standard aging heat treatment system.
10. A GH2909 alloy forging, characterized by being produced by the method of improving notch sensitivity of a GH2909 alloy forging of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN202211596384.9A CN116159952A (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2022-12-12 | Method for improving notch sensitivity of GH2909 alloy forging and GH2909 alloy forging |
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