CN116157287A - 车辆驱动系统 - Google Patents

车辆驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN116157287A
CN116157287A CN202180058630.2A CN202180058630A CN116157287A CN 116157287 A CN116157287 A CN 116157287A CN 202180058630 A CN202180058630 A CN 202180058630A CN 116157287 A CN116157287 A CN 116157287A
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wheel
traction
motor
control system
electric vehicle
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L·L·周
K·Y·张
G·牛
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Karma Automotive LLC
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Karma Automotive LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/182—Selecting between different operative modes, e.g. comfort and performance modes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/1819—Propulsion control with control means using analogue circuits, relays or mechanical links
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0046—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the vehicle body, i.e. moving independently from the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0061—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being parallel to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/04—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
    • B60K2023/043—Control means for varying left-right torque distribution, e.g. torque vectoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2720/00—Output or target parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2720/40—Torque distribution
    • B60W2720/403—Torque distribution between front and rear axle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

一种车辆驱动系统用于具有轮毂内电机的电动车辆，所述轮毂内电机被配置成独立于主牵引电动机而受控。所述配置通过允许改进的动力系控制而允许对车辆动力学和行为的稳固控制。所述系统还允许所述车辆实现更好的效率。

Description

车辆驱动系统
技术领域
本申请主张于2020年7月31日提交的美国临时专利申请第63/059，730号的优先权和权益。前述临时申请以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
发明内容
本公开涉及一种用于车辆的驱动系统。具体来说，一种电动车辆传动系具有用于所述车辆的车轮的组合式轮轴和轮毂内驱动系统。
电动车辆的使用随着越来越多的国家要求逐步淘汰化石燃料车辆而增加。然而，对更高效的电动车辆仍存在大量需求。更高效的电动车辆允许车辆具有更长里程和更高性能。此外，虽然电动车辆比化石燃料车辆有更大的空间，但在传动系封装方面仍可作出改进。因此，需要改进车辆性能和效率同时维持或减少传动系封装以便提供增加的货物空间和/或增加的乘客室空间。
所公开的实施例涉及组合式轮轴和轮毂内驱动系统，其提供增加的动力系效率，同时最小化传动系封装。
附图说明
本公开的特征、方面和优点将从在下文简要地描述的以下描述以及图式中所展示的随附示范性实施例变得显而易见。
图1是具有组合式驱动系统的示范性车辆。
图2是示范性组合式驱动系统的示意图。
图3是图2中所展示的组合式驱动系统的控制逻辑图。
具体实施方式
根据所公开的实施例，提供一种电动车辆，其具有第一和第二轮轴，其中每一轮轴分别联接到对应的第一和第二车轮。变速器联接到第一和第二牵引电动机。第一和第二轮毂内电机分别联接到对应的第三和第四车轮。第一和第二牵引电动机以及第一和第二轮毂内电机优选地由组合式系统控制器控制。
图1示出具有电力系的车辆1，所述电力系可包含驱动车辆的车轮11a/b的一个或多个电动机(未展示)以及对车辆1的电动机供电的主推进电池(未展示)。
图2示出具有组合式驱动系统100的电动车辆的示范性动力系的示意图，所述组合式驱动系统包含第一电气传动10及第二电气传动20以及用于提供推进电力的电池2。第一电气传动可包含被配置成由牵引电动机3a和3b供电的前轮11a。牵引电动机3a/b经由变速器5机械地连接到车轮。所述变速器被配置成将电力从牵引电动机3a/b传送到轮轴7a/b，且因此传送到车轮3a/b。所述变速器可被配置为用于电动车辆中的典型齿轮型变速器。逆变器4a和4b被配置成将来自牵引电池2的DC电力转换成用于对应牵引电动机3a/b的AC电力。牵引电动机3a/3b的状态可由电动机位置传感器PS1和PS2监测。还可提供额外传感器，例如电动机温度传感器TS1和TS2，并且所述额外传感器被配置成监测牵引电动机的温度TS1、TS2。
第二电气传动20可包含后轮11b、轮毂内电机5a和5b，以及逆变器6a和6b，所述逆变器被配置成将来自牵引电池2的DC电力转换成用于对应轮毂电机5a和5b的AC电力。电动机位置传感器PS3/PS4和电动机温度传感器TS3/TS4还可定位成适合于监测对应的轮毂内电机5a和5b。如图2中所展示的连接不同组件的实线表示例如任何无线、有线或波导方式的通信连接。虚线表示所连接组件之间的电力连接。
组合式驱动控制系统8被配置成与两个电气传动系统10和20的组件通信且将控制或命令信号提供到所述组件。控制系统8从逆变器4a/4b/6a/6b、位置传感器PS1至PS4以及温度传感器TS1至TS4接收数据信号。组合式驱动控制系统8被配置成通过逆变器4a/4b/6a/6b控制车辆动力学。
图3展示图2中所展示的组合式驱动系统100的控制逻辑图。组合驱动系统通过取决于由组合式驱动控制系统8接收到的状况和信号数据而选择性地激活第一和第二电气传动系统来操作。图3中所展示的控制逻辑图由组合式驱动控制系统8执行。驱动控制系统8可从位置传感器PS1至PS4、温度传感器TS1至TS4、逆变器4a/4b/6a/6c接收携载输入的数据。其它数据输入可包含自适应巡航控制系统、车辆驱动模式选择器、EV电池状态、车辆遥测(例如，油门百分比)以及可用于车辆中的任何其它传感器。TM1、TM2、TM3和TM4对应于如图2中所提到的任何电动机(3a/3b/5a/5b)。
提供图3中所展示的示范性控制逻辑以允许动态地控制车辆。车辆操控和电力特性可经由传动系模式模块85和扭矩请求仲裁模块84而有效地且快速地受控。组合式控制系统8的总扭矩计算模块81可被配置成基于例如车辆操作模式(例如，节能(Eco)/运动(Sport)/赛道(Track)/起动(Launch)/等)、EV电池状态(例如，电池充电百分比温度等)和遥测(例如，油门百分比、制动百分比)等车辆状态以及例如自适应巡航控制系统等其它传感器而动态地计算所需的输出扭矩。总扭矩计算模块81随后将所需的扭矩发送到扭矩请求仲裁模块84和传动系模式模块85。如果车辆所需的总扭矩不能够通过单个电气传动实现，即通过仅利用驱动系统10或驱动系统20而实现，那么全轮驱动/4WD将经由传动系模式模块85而激活，并且驱动10/20两者将操作。扭矩请求仲裁模块84随后将命令信号分配到每一有源电动机以提供车辆的适当输出扭矩(例如，5a/5b对于RWD有源、4a/4b对于FWD有源，或4a/4b/5a/5b对于由传动系模式模块85设定的AWD有源)，以便提供正确的车辆供电和操控。
举例来说，组合式驱动控制系统8接收来自车辆的数据信号作为输入，以下高性能模式中的一者被激活：运动模式、起步控制、赛道模式。如果这些模式中的任一者经由车辆接口单元(未展示)而由驾驶员激活，那么组合式控制系统8将激活第一电气传动10和第二电气传动20以便满足由计算模块81设定的所需高扭矩。在另一实例中，当车辆被设定成巡航模式或节能模式(即，经济或能量节省模式)时，车辆可能不需要所有电动机的全性能。因此，所需的总扭矩可仅由第一驱动10提供。在一个示范例中，第一驱动系统10(轮轴驱动系统)将用作主要驱动系统。第一驱动系统10将通常操作并提供推进力。因此，第二驱动系统20(轮毂内电机系统)将视需要充当提供额外推进力和电动机的次要、备用或按需性能系统。本文中所描述的电动机、变速器和推进系统配置提供了允许更好的性能和效率同时最小化传动系封装的系统封装。
组合式驱动控制系统8还可被配置成经由牵引监测和管理模块82来监测车辆和车轮牵引。牵引监测和管理模块82可被配置成监测来自每一电动机(例如，来自PS1至PS4和TS1至TS4)和汽车中的其它位置传感器(例如，加速度计)的传感器数据。牵引监测和管理系统82允许组合式控制系统8修改传动系模式(2WD或AWD)以便提供最佳牵引。如果车轮传感器(例如，位置传感器)获取允许控制器确定特定车轮并未获得牵引的数据(例如，传感器的读数远高于或快于与无牵引车轮相关联的正常全牵引状况)，那么组合式驱动控制系统可将命令信号提供到与车轮相关联的对应电动机，以便经由扭矩请求仲裁模块84获得用于车轮的牵引。取决于选定的传动系模式，扭矩请求仲裁模块84控制在整个不同电动机中扭矩的分布。命令信号可例如使电动机减速，由此使车轮减速，以便使车轮抓住表面，之后发送使电动机恢复速度的另一命令以便使车轮匹配当前车辆遥测和运动。
当两个电气传动10或20中的一者经由故障检测模块83而被发现不可操作或受损时，其中可利用组合式驱动控制系统的另一示范性事件发生。故障检测模块83确保电动机不遭受严重故障。例如温度传感器TS1至TS4等传感器可检测系统中的一个或多个电动机处的故障。组合式驱动控制系统8的故障检测模块83可例如在TS1和TS2处接收高温数据信号(即，电动机3a/3b正过热)。故障检测模块随后将经由扭矩请求仲裁模块84发送命令信号。组合式驱动系统可关断第一电气传动10且仅利用第二电气传动20。
组合式驱动控制系统8还可在制动状况下激活电气传动20。举例来说，当需要额外的制动且车辆处于2WD模式时，组合式驱动控制系统8可激活电气传动20以便经由再生制动或电动机阻力来提供额外的制动力。此制动辅助可经由例如碰撞传感器等其它传感器而激活。在紧急制动事件期间，总扭矩计算模块可接收传感器数据，所述总扭矩计算模块将请求扭矩请求仲裁模块84和传动系模式模块85以向所有可用电动机请求制动辅助。
因此，组合式控制系统8将允许车辆动态地运行2轮驱动(2WD)或全轮驱动/4WD。车辆的驾驶员还可输入道路状况，例如(雨、雪、尘土、沙石等)，只要针对对应的低牵引地形(雨、雪、尘土、沙石等)而设定道路状况选择器，所述驾驶员将促使车辆进入全轮驱动。每一地形可包含用于每一电动机的不同扭矩映射以便优化地形上的牵引。驾驶员还可通过使用车辆接口而手动超控2WD或4WD的选择。
如本文中所使用，术语“大致”、“约”、“大体上”和类似术语旨在具有与由本公开的主题所属的领域的普通技术人员常用和公认的用法相一致的广泛含义。对本公开进行审查的本领域技术人员应理解，这些术语旨在允许对所描述和要求保护的某些特征进行描述，而不将这些特征的范围限于所提供的精确数值范围。因此，这些术语应被解释为指示对所描述和要求保护的主题的非实质性的或无关紧要的修改或改变被视为处于所附权利要求书中所叙述的本公开的范围内。
应注意，本文用以描述各种实施例的术语“示范性”旨在表示此类实施例是可能的实例、表示和/或可能实施例的说明(并且此类术语并不旨在暗示此类实施例必然是特别的或最佳的实例)。
如本文中所使用的术语“联接”、“连接”等等意味着两个构件直接或间接地彼此接合。此类接合可为静止的(例如，永久性的)或可移动的(例如，可移除的或可释放的)。此类接合可通过两个构件或两个构件与任何额外中间构件彼此一体地形成为单个整体来实现，或者通过两个构件或两个构件与任何额外中间构件附接到彼此而实现。
本文中对元件的位置(例如，“顶部”、“底部”、“上方”、“下方”等)的引用仅用于描述附图中各个元件的定向。应注意，根据其它示范性实施例，各个元件的定向可以不同，并且此类变化旨在被本公开所涵盖。
重要的是应注意，如在各种示范性实施例中所展示的车辆驱动系统的构造和布置仅仅是说明性的。虽然在本公开中仅详细描述了几个实施例，但是审查本公开的本领域技术人员将容易理解，在实质上不脱离本文中所描述的主题的新颖教示和优点的情况下，许多修改是可能的(例如，各个元件的大小、尺寸、结构、形状和比例、参数值、安装布置、材料的使用、颜色、定向等的变化)。举例来说，展示为一体形成的元件可由多个部分或元件构成，元件的位置可颠倒或以其它方式改变，并且离散元件的性质或数目或位置可更改或变更。任何过程或方法步骤的次序或顺序都可能根据替代性实施例改变或重新排序。还可在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下对各种示范性实施例的设计、操作状况以及布置进行其它替代、修改、改变和省略。

Claims (20)

1.一种电动车辆，其包括：
多个前轮和多个后轮，其中每一后轮由对应轮毂电机驱动，并且其中每一对应轮毂电机位于每一后轮内；
其中所述多个前轮中的每一前轮连接到对应半轴；
多个牵引电动机，其中所述牵引电动机中的每一者经由所述对应半轴将电力提供到多个车轮中的一个前轮；
主推进电池，其被配置成将电力提供到所述多个牵引电动机以及所述对应轮毂电机中的每一者。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其进一步包括变速器，其中所述多个牵引电动机中的每一者被配置成经由所述变速器将电力提供到所述多个前轮中的一者。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其进一步包括多个逆变器，其中每一逆变器被配置成从所述电池接收电力且将电力输出到每一牵引电动机和每一轮毂电机。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电动车辆，其进一步包括组合式驱动控制系统，所述组合式驱动控制系统被配置成将控制信号传送并提供到所述多个逆变器中的每一逆变器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动车辆，其中每一牵引电动机包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的牵引电动机温度传感器，并且每一牵引电动机进一步包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的牵引电动机位置传感器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电动车辆，其中每一轮毂电机包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的轮毂电机温度传感器，并且每一轮毂电机进一步包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的轮毂电机位置传感器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电动车辆，其中所述组合式驱动控制系统被配置成独立地控制每一牵引电动机的输出扭矩且被配置成独立地控制每一轮毂电机的输出扭矩，其中每一牵引电动机的所述输出扭矩和每一轮毂电机的所述输出扭矩取决于由所述组合式驱动控制系统接收的输入数据信号。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中所述输入数据信号包含从每一牵引电动机温度传感器、每一牵引电动机位置传感器、每一轮毂电机温度传感器和每一轮毂电机位置传感器接收的信号。
9.根据权利要求7所述的电动车辆，其中所述输入数据信号进一步包含经由车辆接口单元从驾驶员接收的数据信号。
10.根据权利要求8所述的电动车辆，其中所述组合式驱动控制系统被配置成通过改变每一牵引电动机和每一轮毂电机的所述输出扭矩而将所述电动车辆从2轮驱动车辆选择性地改变为全轮驱动车辆。
11.根据权利要求8所述的电动车辆，其中所述输入数据信号进一步包含表示经由所述车辆接口单元从所述驾驶员接收的地形选择的信号。
12.根据权利要求8所述的电动车辆，其中所述输入数据信号进一步包含携载对应于油门踏板行程、驱动模式选择和所述推进电池的电量状态中的至少一者的数据的信号。
13.一种用于电动车辆的驱动系统，所述驱动系统包括：
变速器；
一组牵引电动机，其被配置成通过所述变速器对所述电动车辆的第一组车轮的对应车轮供电；
一组轮毂电机，其中每一轮毂电机位于所述电动车辆的第二组车轮的对应车轮内，其中所述轮毂电机中的每一者被配置成对所述第二组车轮的所述对应车轮供电；
组合式驱动控制系统，其被配置成控制所述组牵引电动机和所述组轮毂电机。
14.根据权利要求13所述的驱动系统，其中每一牵引电动机包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的牵引电动机温度传感器，并且每一牵引电动机进一步包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的牵引电动机位置传感器。
15.根据权利要求14所述的驱动系统，其中每一轮毂电机包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的轮毂电机温度传感器，并且每一轮毂电机进一步包含与所述组合式驱动控制系统连通的轮毂电机位置传感器。
16.根据权利要求15所述的驱动系统，其中所述组合式驱动控制系统被配置成控制每一牵引电动机的输出扭矩且被配置成控制每一轮毂电机的输出扭矩，其中每一牵引电动机的所述输出扭矩和每一轮毂电机的所述输出扭矩取决于由所述组合式驱动控制系统接收的输入数据信号。
17.根据权利要求16所述的驱动系统，其中输入数据信号包含由每一牵引电动机温度传感器、每一牵引电动机位置传感器、每一轮毂电机温度传感器和每一轮毂电机位置传感器接收的信号。
18.根据权利要求17所述的驱动系统，其中所述输入数据信号进一步包含经由所述电动车辆的车辆接口单元从驾驶员接收的信号。
19.根据权利要求13所述的驱动系统，其中所述组合式驱动控制系统被配置成通过改变每一牵引电动机和轮毂电机的所述输出扭矩而将所述电动车辆从2轮驱动车辆选择性地改变为全轮驱动车辆。
20.根据权利要求13所述的驱动系统，其中所述组合式驱动控制系统经由对应逆变器控制所述组牵引电动机和所述组轮毂电机，其中在所述对应逆变器上连接到所述组牵引电动机并且所述对应逆变器中的一者连接到所述组轮毂电机。
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