CN116154940A - Standby power supply - Google Patents
Standby power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN116154940A CN116154940A CN202310430017.XA CN202310430017A CN116154940A CN 116154940 A CN116154940 A CN 116154940A CN 202310430017 A CN202310430017 A CN 202310430017A CN 116154940 A CN116154940 A CN 116154940A
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
- H02N11/002—Generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
- H05K7/20909—Forced ventilation, e.g. on heat dissipaters coupled to components
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of emergency standby power supplies, and particularly relates to a standby power supply which comprises a phase-change energy storage module, a thermoelectric power generation module, a heat dissipation module I, a heat dissipation module II and a power management module, wherein the phase-change energy storage module is provided with a plurality of groups, and the thermoelectric power generation module is arranged between the plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules and the heat dissipation module I; the phase change energy storage module comprises a heat insulation frame body and a composite phase change material arranged in a cavity of the heat insulation frame body, wherein a heat conduction side wall is arranged on one side, connected with the thermoelectric power generation module, of the heat insulation frame body, the composite phase change material comprises foam metal and phase change materials filled in the foam metal, and the phase change temperatures of the phase change materials in the plurality of groups of phase change energy storage modules are inconsistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of emergency standby power supplies, and particularly relates to a standby power supply.
Background
One of the important functions of the sensor is to find and take measures in time when equipment fails or is abnormal, if the sensor cannot work normally, the failure of a monitoring and control system can be caused, damage to the equipment, shutdown of a production line and even safety accidents can be caused, and therefore whether the sensor is used normally is an important condition for guaranteeing safety of the equipment and safety of a use environment. One of the common causes of sensor failure is that the sensor is powered down, so for important sensors, it is preferable to provide a backup power supply for emergency use in the event of a power failure of the sensor.
The current sensor standby power supply generally adopts a battery or a generator, the former has certain service life, and can lose efficacy after long-time non-use, so that the standby power supply needs to be maintained and charged regularly, the meaning of the standby power supply is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the battery has high requirements on the environment, the standby power supply is not suitable for standby in a high-temperature or low-temperature environment, the latter has larger volume, the generator is often much larger than the sensor in volume, the generator seriously occupies the installation space of equipment, and the sensor is more in number and is not suitable for connection under the condition of far distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a standby power supply capable of preparing power supply for a long time.
The invention provides a standby power supply which comprises a phase-change energy storage module, a thermoelectric power generation module, a heat dissipation module I, a heat dissipation module II and a power supply management module, wherein a plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules are arranged, and the thermoelectric power generation module is arranged between the plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules and the heat dissipation module I;
the phase change energy storage module comprises a heat insulation frame body and composite phase change materials arranged in a cavity of the heat insulation frame body, wherein a side, connected with the thermoelectric power generation module, of the heat insulation frame body is a heat conduction side wall, the composite phase change materials comprise foam metal and phase change materials filled in the foam metal, and the phase change temperatures of the phase change materials in the plurality of groups of phase change energy storage modules are inconsistent;
the heat radiation module II comprises a heat radiation pipe and a fan, one end of the heat radiation pipe is inserted into the heat insulation frame cavity to be in contact with the composite phase change material, the other end of the heat radiation pipe protrudes out of the heat insulation frame, and the air outlet direction of the fan faces to the protruding part of the heat radiation pipe;
the thermoelectric power generation module comprises thermoelectric power generation sheets, one ends of the thermoelectric power generation sheets are connected with the heat conduction side walls, and the other ends of the thermoelectric power generation sheets are connected with the heat dissipation module I;
the power management module is electrically connected with the thermoelectric generation sheet and the fan and is used for supplying power output by the thermoelectric generation sheet to the fan and controlling the fan to work and used as a standby power supply.
Further, the foam metal adopts copper foam, the phase change material adopts paraffin, and the foam metal is welded with the heat conducting side wall.
Furthermore, the thermoelectric generation pieces are provided with a plurality of thermoelectric generation modules, the thermoelectric generation module further comprises a substrate, the plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces are fixedly arranged on the substrate, and the plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces are uniformly distributed on the plurality of groups of phase change energy storage modules.
Furthermore, heat conduction silicone grease I is coated between one end of the thermoelectric generation sheets and the heat conduction side wall, and heat conduction silicone grease II is coated between the other end of the thermoelectric generation sheets and the heat dissipation module I.
Still further, the heat dissipation module I comprises a heat conduction plate and a plurality of heat conduction fins vertically arranged on the heat conduction plate, and the heat conduction plate is attached to the thermoelectric generation sheet.
Furthermore, the heat insulation frame body is made of transparent organic glass materials, and the heat conduction side wall is made of copper materials.
Furthermore, the phase-change energy storage modules are provided with two groups, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material in the phase-change energy storage module I is 27-29 ℃, and the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material in the phase-change energy storage module II is 9-11 ℃.
Still further, the power management module includes a power storage unit for storing electric energy output from the thermoelectric generation sheets.
Still further, the power management module further comprises a power manager and a temperature control switch which are connected with each other, wherein the power manager comprises a rectifying circuit, an integrated DC/DC circuit, an energy storage circuit and an energy output circuit.
Still further, the invention also comprises an operation detection module, wherein the operation detection module comprises a temperature monitoring unit, a theoretical output power calculation unit, an actual output power acquisition unit and a comparison unit;
the temperature monitoring unit is used for acquiring temperatures at two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet, and the theoretical output power calculation unit calculates theoretical output power according to the data acquired by the temperature monitoring unit;
the actual output power acquisition unit acquires actual output power;
the comparison unit obtains theoretical output power and actual output power for comparison, and judges whether the standby power supply works normally or not.
The invention has the advantages that,
1. the power supply is used as a standby power supply, does not consume other energy sources, namely does not need maintenance and energy source supplement, can realize constant power generation in an extremely small space, has strong environment adaptability, overcomes the defects of the conventional standby power supply at present, and can be used for charging a battery pack of a load.
2. The thermoelectric power generation technology is combined with the phase change material technology, the characteristic that the latent heat of the phase change material is large is utilized to convert the temperature fluctuation of the environment on the time scale into the temperature difference on the space scale of the thermoelectric power generation sheet, so that the temperature difference 'space-time' conversion is realized, namely, the environment is not required to be provided with a high-temperature area and a low-temperature area, and continuous electric power can be extracted from the air by utilizing the composite phase change material combined with the thermoelectric power generation sheet, so that continuous and stable electric energy storage is provided for the low-power consumption wireless sensor.
3. The composite phase change material adopts the combination of foam metal and phase change material, the foam metal can strengthen the heat storage capacity of the phase change material, and meanwhile, because the foam metal has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, fine through holes, approximate isothermal energy storage process and the like, heat can be quickly transferred into the whole heat insulation frame cavity, the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change material is greatly improved, the heat storage rate of the phase change material in the phase change process can be effectively improved by strengthening the heat conductivity coefficient, and the heat characteristic of the phase change energy storage module is further improved; in addition, the addition of the foam metal weakens the natural convection intensity of the phase change material in the phase change process, and due to the high heat conductivity coefficient, the heat can be ensured to be quickly and efficiently transferred to the thermoelectric generation sheet through the heat conduction side wall, so that the output power of the thermoelectric generation sheet is improved while the cost is ensured; the phase change energy storage modules are arranged, and the phase change temperatures of the phase change materials in each group of phase change energy storage modules are inconsistent, so that the working temperature interval of power supply can be enlarged, and the adaptability of power supply equipment to climate change is enhanced.
4. The phase change materials with at least two different phase change temperatures can be used for storing energy in a combined mode, the working temperature range can be expanded, and the adaptability of the device to climate change is enhanced.
5. The power management module, in combination with the thermoelectric generation module, may provide a stable and adaptive power reserve for the target load.
6. The fan is arranged, electric energy provided by the thermoelectric power generation module is used for driving, the temperature of one end of the thermoelectric power generation piece can be automatically adjusted, the temperature difference of two ends of the thermoelectric power generation piece can be regulated and controlled, and when the electric energy consumed by the fan is larger than the generated energy provided by the thermoelectric power generation piece, the fan can be turned off, so that the generated energy is further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting of a thermoelectric generation sheet and a substrate in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection of thermoelectric generation sheets in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a thermal resistance network of the components of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the temperature change of the copper plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of the generated power and the temperature difference between two ends of a thermoelectric generation sheet in the invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of temperature change of the phase change material and the environment in the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the generated power curves of two sets of phase change energy storage materials and a single phase change energy storage material according to the present invention.
In the figure, a 1-phase change energy storage module; 1001-a phase change energy storage module I; 1002-a phase change energy storage module II; 11-a heat insulation frame; 111-thermally conductive sidewalls; 12-a composite phase change material; 121-foam metal; 122-phase change material; a 2-thermoelectric power generation module; 21-thermoelectric generation sheets; a 211-P junction; a 212-N junction; 213-ceramic layer; 214-copper sheet; 22-a substrate; 3-a heat radiation module I; 31-a heat-conducting plate; 32-heat conducting fins; 4-a heat radiation module II; 41-radiating pipes; 42-fans; 5-heat conduction silicone grease I; 6-heat conduction silicone grease II; 7- "LTC3109 element" ultra low power boost converter; 8-a temperature control switch; 9- "BL853033 element" DC-DC boost converter; thermal resistance of the P junction of the 100-thermoelectric generation sheet; 101-thermal resistance of the thermoelectric generation sheet N junction; 102-thermal resistance of the thermally conductive sidewalls; 103-thermal resistance of the ceramic layer in the thermoelectric generation sheet; 104-thermal resistance of the thermally conductive silicone grease; 105-external thermal resistance of the upper and lower ceramic plates in the thermoelectric generation sheet; 106-resonant boost oscillator.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, descriptions such as those referred to as "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an order of magnitude of the indicated technical features in the present disclosure. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "affixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "affixed" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral body; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected, physically connected or wirelessly connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solutions, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered as not existing, and not falling within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-10, the invention provides a standby power supply, which comprises a phase-change energy storage module 1, a thermoelectric power generation module 2, a heat dissipation module I3, a heat dissipation module II 4 and a power supply management module, wherein a plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules 1 are arranged, and the thermoelectric power generation module 2 is arranged between the plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules 1 and the heat dissipation module I3; the phase change energy storage module 1 is used for storing heat energy, maintaining a relatively constant temperature for a long time when reaching a phase change temperature, generating a temperature difference with the ambient temperature, finally generating a temperature difference between one end and the other end of the thermoelectric power generation module 2, outputting electric energy, the heat dissipation module I3 is used for controlling the temperature of the other end of the thermoelectric power generation module 2, expanding the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric power generation module 2, improving the power generation, rectifying, boosting and stabilizing the electric energy output by the thermoelectric power generation module 2 through the power management module, and providing electric energy storage for a target load;
the phase-change energy storage module 1 comprises a heat insulation frame 11 and a composite phase-change material 12 arranged in a cavity of the heat insulation frame 11, a heat conduction side wall 111 is arranged on one side, connected with the thermoelectric power generation module 2, of the heat insulation frame 11, the composite phase-change material 12 comprises foam metal 121 and phase-change materials 122 filled in the foam metal 121, and phase-change temperatures of the phase-change materials 122 in the plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules 1 are inconsistent; according to the composite phase change material 12 provided by the invention, the heat storage capacity of the phase change material 122 is enhanced by arranging the foam metal 121, and meanwhile, because the foam metal 121 has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, fine through holes, approximate isothermal energy storage process and the like, heat can be quickly transferred into the cavity of the whole heat insulation frame 11, the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change material 122 is greatly improved, the heat storage rate of the phase change material 122 in the phase change process can be effectively improved by enhancing the heat conductivity coefficient, and the thermal characteristics of the phase change energy storage module 1 are further improved; in addition, the addition of the foam metal 121 weakens the natural convection intensity of the phase change material 122 in the phase change process, and due to the high heat conductivity coefficient, heat can be ensured to be quickly and efficiently transferred to the thermoelectric generation sheets 21 through the heat conducting side walls 111, so that the output power of the thermoelectric generation sheets 21 is improved while the cost is ensured; the plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules 1 are arranged, and the phase-change temperatures of the phase-change materials 122 in each group of phase-change energy storage modules 1 are inconsistent, so that the working temperature interval of power supply can be enlarged, and the adaptability of power supply equipment to climate change can be enhanced;
the heat dissipation module II comprises a heat dissipation pipe 41 and a fan 42, one end of the heat dissipation pipe 41 is inserted into a cavity of the heat insulation frame 11 to be in contact with the composite phase change material 12, the other end of the heat dissipation pipe 41 protrudes outside the heat insulation frame 11, the air outlet direction of the fan 42 faces towards the protruding part of the heat dissipation pipe 41, and the heat dissipation pipe 41 and the fan 42 are arranged on the phase change energy storage module 1, so that the temperature of one side of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 close to the phase change energy storage module 1 can be actively controlled, the temperature difference of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 can be actively increased, the self-powered generation efficiency is improved, and continuous and stable energy recovery is realized;
the thermoelectric power generation module 2 comprises thermoelectric power generation sheets 21, one end of each thermoelectric power generation sheet 21 is connected with the heat conduction side wall 111, and the other end of each thermoelectric power generation sheet 21 is connected with the heat dissipation module I3;
the power management module is electrically connected with the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 and the fan 42, and is used for supplying power to the fan 42 by using electric energy output by the thermoelectric generation sheet 21, controlling the fan 42 to work, and being used as a standby power supply, and finally realizing the constant power generation of the standby power supply on the premise of not consuming other energy sources, and ensuring continuous work of a target load without maintenance.
The power supply system provided by the invention has the following effects:
1. the power supply is used as a standby power supply, does not consume other energy sources, namely does not need maintenance and energy source supplement, can realize constant power generation in an extremely small space, has strong environment adaptability, overcomes the defects of the conventional standby power supply at present, and can be used for charging a battery pack of a load.
2. The thermoelectric power generation technology is combined with the phase change material technology, the characteristic that the latent heat of the phase change material is large is utilized to convert the temperature fluctuation of the environment on the time scale into the temperature difference on the space scale of the thermoelectric power generation sheet, so that the temperature difference 'space-time' conversion is realized, namely, the environment is not required to be provided with a high-temperature area and a low-temperature area, and the composite phase change material 12 is combined with the thermoelectric power generation sheet 21 to draw continuous electric power from the air so as to provide continuous and stable electric energy storage for the low-power consumption wireless sensor.
3. The composite phase change material adopts the combination of the foam metal 121 and the phase change material 122, the foam metal 121 can strengthen the heat storage capacity of the phase change material 122, meanwhile, because the foam metal 121 has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, fine through holes, approximate isothermal energy storage process and the like, heat can be quickly transferred into the cavity of the whole heat insulation frame 11, the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the phase change material 122 is greatly improved, the heat storage rate of the phase change material 122 in the phase change process can be effectively improved by strengthening the heat conductivity coefficient, and the thermal characteristics of the phase change energy storage module 1 are further improved; in addition, the addition of the foam metal 121 weakens the natural convection intensity of the phase change material 122 in the phase change process, and due to the high heat conductivity coefficient, heat can be ensured to be quickly and efficiently transferred to the thermoelectric generation sheets 21 through the heat conducting side walls 111, so that the output power of the thermoelectric generation sheets 21 is improved while the cost is ensured; and a plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules 1 are arranged, and the phase-change temperatures of the phase-change materials 122 in each group of phase-change energy storage modules 1 are inconsistent, so that the working temperature interval of power supply can be enlarged, and the adaptability of power supply equipment to climate change is enhanced.
4. At least two phase change materials with different phase change temperatures are combined to store energy, so that the working temperature range is enlarged, and the adaptability of the device to climate change is enhanced. In a preferred embodiment, the phase-change energy storage module 1 comprises a phase-change energy storage module i 1001 and a phase-change energy storage module ii 1002, wherein the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material 122 in the phase-change energy storage module i 1001 is 28 ℃, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material 122 in the phase-change energy storage module ii 1002 is 10 ℃, and finally, the phase-change material 122 at 10 ℃ and the phase-change material 122 at 28 ℃ are combined for energy storage, and the phase-change energy storage module ii 1002 mainly plays a role when the temperature is lower at night; the daytime temperature is higher, and the phase change energy storage module I1001 mainly plays a role to realize energy storage and release in different temperature ranges.
5. The power management module, in combination with the thermoelectric generation module 2, may provide a stable and adaptive power reserve for the target load.
6. The fan 42 is arranged, electric energy provided by the thermoelectric power generation module 2 is used for driving, the temperature of one end of the thermoelectric power generation piece 21 can be automatically adjusted so as to regulate and control the temperature difference of two ends of the thermoelectric power generation piece 21, in a preferred embodiment, the temperature difference of two ends of the thermoelectric power generation piece is maximum at about 12 noon, the generated energy provided by the thermoelectric power generation piece is maximum, the fan 42 is started to radiate heat to the phase-change material, the temperature of the phase-change material rises slowly, and when the electric energy consumed by the fan 42 is greater than the generated energy provided by the thermoelectric power generation piece, the fan 42 can be turned off, so that excessive consumption of electric energy is avoided, and the generated energy is further ensured.
In one embodiment, the metal foam 121 is copper foam, the phase-change material 122 is paraffin wax, and the paraffin wax has the advantage of being capable of undergoing infinite phase change without changing the thermal characteristics thereof, so that paraffin wax is selected as the energy storage medium, but the characteristics of combustibility and low thermal conductivity are unfavorable for transferring heat to the thermoelectric generation sheet 21, so that by arranging the copper foam, the defect that paraffin wax is flammable and low thermal conductivity is overcome, and meanwhile, the advantage that paraffin wax can undergo infinite phase change without changing the thermal characteristics thereof is maintained, because the copper foam has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, fine through holes, approximate isothermal energy storage process and the like, the heat can be quickly transferred into the whole energy storage device, and the effective thermal conductivity of the copper foam phase-change material is greatly improved. Preferably, the metal foam 121 is welded to the heat conductive sidewall 111 to improve heat conduction efficiency.
In one embodiment, the thermoelectric power generation pieces 21 are provided with a plurality of thermoelectric power generation pieces, the thermoelectric power generation module 2 further comprises a substrate 22, the plurality of thermoelectric power generation pieces 21 are fixedly arranged on the substrate 22, the plurality of thermoelectric power generation pieces 21 are uniformly distributed on the plurality of groups of phase change energy storage modules 1, the power generation capacity can be improved by arranging the plurality of thermoelectric power generation pieces 21, and the normal operation of a target load is ensured, wherein the substrate 22 is mainly used for fixing the plurality of thermoelectric power generation pieces 21, and can be prepared by adopting a heat insulation material, so that the temperature difference at two ends of the thermoelectric power generation pieces 21 is ensured for a long time, and the power generation time is prolonged.
In one embodiment, heat conduction silicone grease I5 is coated between one end of the thermoelectric generation sheets 21 and the heat conduction side wall 111, and heat conduction silicone grease II 6 is coated between the other end of the thermoelectric generation sheets and the heat dissipation module I3, so that heat conduction efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, the heat dissipation module i 3 includes a heat conducting plate 31 and a plurality of heat conducting fins 32 vertically disposed on the heat conducting plate 31, where the heat conducting plate 31 is attached to the thermoelectric generation sheets 21, and in this embodiment, the heat dissipation module i 3 adopts natural air cooling, so that no electric energy generated by the thermoelectric generation sheets 21 is consumed, and meanwhile, a temperature difference between two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheets 21 is increased.
In one embodiment, the heat insulation frame 11 is made of transparent organic glass, so that the phase change process of the phase change material 122 in the cavity is conveniently observed while the heat insulation effect is ensured, the heat conduction side wall 111 is made of copper, and the heat conduction efficiency can be ensured, and in one embodiment, the heat insulation frame 11 is a rectangular frame formed by 5 pieces of organic glass and a heat conduction side wall 111 made of a copper plate.
In one embodiment, the phase-change energy storage modules 1 are provided with two groups, namely a phase-change energy storage module i 1001 and a phase-change energy storage module ii 1002, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material 122 in the phase-change energy storage module i 1001 is 27-29 ℃, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material 122 in the phase-change energy storage module ii 1002 is 9-11 ℃, and by arranging the two phase-change materials, the long-time power generation under the current normal environment temperature is basically covered.
In one embodiment, the power management module includes a power storage unit, which is configured to store the electric energy output by the thermoelectric generation sheet 21, and by setting the power storage unit, the standby power supply can keep in an electric state, and when the load does not need to use the standby power supply, or when the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is redundant to the electric energy required by the load, the redundant electric energy can be stored, so that the standby power supply 21 supplies power to the load when the load needs to use the standby power supply.
In one specific embodiment, the power management module further includes a power manager and a temperature control switch 8, where the power manager includes a rectifying circuit, an integrated DC/DC circuit, an energy storage circuit, and an energy output circuit, and is configured to rectify, boost, stabilize, store, and distribute electric energy to the thermoelectric generation sheet 21, and the temperature control switch 8 is configured to switch the phase-change energy storage module 1 at the phase-change temperature at the time to generate electric power, disconnect another phase-change energy storage module 1, that is, switch the power manager to connect with the phase-change energy storage module 1 at the phase-change temperature, and continuously obtain electric energy of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 that is generating electric power.
In one specific embodiment, the system further comprises an operation detection module, wherein the operation detection module comprises a temperature monitoring unit, a theoretical output power calculation unit, an actual output power acquisition unit and a comparison unit;
the temperature monitoring unit is used for acquiring the temperatures of two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21, and the theoretical output power calculation unit calculates theoretical output power according to the data acquired by the temperature monitoring unit;
the actual output power acquisition unit acquires actual output power;
the comparison unit obtains theoretical output power and actual output power for comparison, and judges whether the standby power supply works normally or not.
Specifically, the operation detection module collects data in real time and compares the data with a theoretical calculation result, and the operation of the standby power supply is monitored in real time so as to ensure that the standby power supply is ready to work at any time and plays a role efficiently. The real-time feedback data is automatically generated by the system, and the theoretical calculation data is used for further verifying the feasibility of the standby power supply. The theoretical output power calculation unit calculates the theoretical output power of the thermoelectric power generation module 2, and in one embodiment, calculates the output powers of the thermoelectric power generation pieces 21 in operation first by calculating the single thermoelectric power generation piece 21, and then by performing superposition calculation on the output powers of the thermoelectric power generation pieces 21 in operation.
The calculation process is as follows:
firstly, a theoretical heat transfer model of a phase-change energy storage module 1 is established, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the phase-change energy storage module 1 is positioned at the upper end of a thermoelectric generation sheet 21, a heat dissipation module I3 is positioned at the lower end of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21, and the temperature difference between two ends of a P junction 211 and an N junction 212 in the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is that
Through the temperature difference of two ends->
An output voltage is generated.
Simplifying the temperature fluctuation of the radiating pipe 41 to be equal to the time
Related functions:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the temperature of the radiating tube 41->
Is the temperature of the heat conduction liquid in the radiating tube 41 +.>
For the amplitude of the temperature fluctuations +.>
Is the frequency of the temperature fluctuation.
The phase change energy storage module 1 is characterized in that a complex phase change heat transfer process in a foam copper framework occurs, and for the phase change heat transfer process, the natural convection of liquid paraffin in the foam copper framework is weak, and a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction mode is adopted for calculation, so that a heat conduction differential equation of a temperature field in the phase change energy storage module 1 is as follows:
the corresponding two boundary conditions and initial conditions are:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
for the thermal diffusivity of the phase change material 122, x=0 is the lower end surface of the phase change material 122, i.e. the interface of the phase change material 122 with the environment; x=l is the upper end surface of the phase change material 122.
Solving the temperature difference between the two ends of the P junction 211 and the N junction 212 in the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 by constructing a thermal resistance network diagram of the thermoelectric device
Considering that the phase change material 122 and the heat conduction side wall 111 are in the phase change heat exchange process, the thermal resistance is very small and can be ignored, and the temperature difference can be +_ according to the thermal resistance network diagram>
Expressed as:
referring to fig. 5 and 6, among other things,
thermal resistance 101 for the N junction of thermoelectric generation sheet, < >>
Thermal resistance of P junction of thermoelectric generation sheet is 100, < ->
Thermal resistance 102, < >, which is a thermally conductive sidewall>
Is the thermal resistance 103, < ->
Thermal resistance 104 of heat-conducting silicone grease, +.>
External thermal resistance 105 for upper and lower ceramic plates of thermoelectric generation sheet, +.>
Is the temperature of copper sheet in thermoelectric generation sheet, +.>
Is the temperature of the ceramic layer in the thermoelectric generation sheet.
According to the temperature of the two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 monitored by the temperature monitoring unit, the temperature difference of the two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is calculated, namely the output power of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 can be calculated according to a formula, and according to the Seebeck effect, when the temperature difference of the two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is that
When the output voltage of the single thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
is the seebeck coefficient.
The output power of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the resistor is a load resistor, and R is the internal resistance of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21; when the load resistance is->
When matched to the internal resistance R of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 itself, i.e. +.>
The maximum output power of the individual thermoelectric generation sheets 21 can be obtained.
The invention provides a specific embodiment, in which:
the fan 42 adopts R300C miniature direct current motor drive flabellum to carry out forced convection to cooling tube 41, R300C miniature direct current motor flabellum is 7, adopt single fan arrangement structure, the fan is installed and is realized two-way heat dissipation in the middle of many cooling tubes 41, single phase change energy storage module 1 comprises a heat dissipation module I by 18 cooling tubes 41, cooling tube 41 adopts the heat conduction copper pipe, the inside heat conduction liquid that pours into of copper pipe into, heat dissipation module I's length is 115mm, the width is 98mm, cooling tube 41 bottom to cooling tube 41 top total height be 133mm, cooling tube 41 bottom size is 40 x 48mm, cooling tube 41 top is 35mm to the height of fan 42.
The heat insulation frame 11 is a rectangular frame body formed by 5 pieces of organic glass and a piece of heat conduction side wall 111, the size is 100mm multiplied by 40mm, the heat conduction side wall 111 is a copper plate, the thickness of the copper plate and the organic glass is 3mm, the copper plate and the organic glass are connected by 12 screws, and the heat insulation frame body is sealed by using a silicone grease pad;
the composite phase change material 12 is stored in the heat insulation frame 11, the composite phase change material 12 is composed of foam copper and paraffin, the porosity of the foam copper is 95%, the thermal conductivity of the pure paraffin is 0.305W/m.K, and the thermal conductivity of the finally obtained composite phase change material 12 is 5-10 times of that of the pure paraffin;
the thermoelectric generation pieces 21 are provided with 8 pieces altogether, the 8 thermoelectric generation pieces 21 are connected in series and are placed in a base plate 22 made of heat insulation materials, the base plate 22 is made of polyurethane foam, one end of the thermoelectric generation piece 21 is tightly glued with the heat conduction side wall 111 through heat conduction silicone grease I5, the other end is tightly glued with the heat conduction plate 31 through heat conduction silicone grease II 6, the surfaces of the two ends of the thermoelectric generation piece 21 are coated with conductive silicone grease, the two ends of the thermoelectric generation piece 21 are electrically connected with a power management module, the thermoelectric generation piece 21 adopts bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric generation pieces, the working temperature is up to 300 ℃, the specific model of the thermoelectric generation piece 21 is TEC1-26215, the size is 40mm multiplied by 40mm under the normal temperature and medium low temperature environment, the maximum working temperature is 200 ℃, the internal resistance (at 27 ℃) is 20 omega, the Seebeck coefficient (at 27 ℃) is 60 mv/DEG C, the ceramic plate of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is an alumina substrate, the sealant of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is 704 silicon rubber, the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 consists of P-type and N-type combined semiconductor elements, the P-type and N-type combined semiconductor elements comprise a P junction 211, an N junction 212, a ceramic layer 213 and a copper sheet 214, the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 belongs to the prior conventional technology, and the details are not repeated, one side of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is maintained at a low temperature, the other side is maintained at a high temperature, the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is subjected to high Wen Cexiang low temperature measurement and conduction heat energy to generate heat flow, and part of heat energy flowing into the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is directly converted into electric energy in the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 to output direct current voltage and current;
the copper fin adopts a pin column structure, the single copper fin radiator consists of 132 pin columns, and the copper fin radiating module is formed by arranging left and right copper fin radiators in parallel;
the thickness of the heat conducting plate 31 is 3mm, the heat conducting plate is made of copper, the heat conducting fins 32 are composed of 132 needle posts, the height of each needle post is 40mm, the diameter is 1.5mm, and the spacing between the needle posts is 3mm;
the power management module consists of a power manager, a power storage unit and a temperature control switch 8, wherein the power storage unit consists of a plurality of power storage blocks which are connected in series, a 12V high-quality lead storage battery pack is adopted, the model of the temperature control switch 8 is KSD301, the KSD301 temperature control switch 8 adopts butterfly-shaped bimetallic strips as temperature sensing components, the important part of the power management module is the power manager, the power management module comprises a rectifying circuit, a highly integrated DC/DC circuit, an energy storage circuit, an energy output circuit and the like, and the power management module adopts an LTC3109 optimized thermoelectric power generation module to output electric energy; the power manager specifically includes an "LTC3109 element" ultra low power boost converter 7, a "BL853033 element" DC-DC boost converter 9, and a resonant boost oscillator 106.
As shown in fig. 4, the temperature parameters of the temperature control switch 8 are matched with the phase change parameters of the phase change material 122 in the two groups of phase change energy storage modules 1, the phase change temperature of the phase change material 122 in the phase change energy storage module i 1001 is 28 ℃, the phase change temperature of the phase change material 122 in the phase change energy storage module ii 1002 is 10 ℃, the electric energy generated by the phase change energy storage module i 1001 and the phase change energy storage module ii 1002 can be subjected to harmonic voltage stabilization through the resonant boost oscillator 106, the ultra-low power boost converter 7 of the "LTC3109 element" is adopted to optimize the output electric energy of the thermoelectric power generation module, and the input voltage is subjected to boost conversion through the DC-DC boost converter 9 of the "BL853033 element" when the electric energy is output to the sensor, so that the output voltage is matched with the working voltage of the sensor, and the electric energy with the maximum power output by the sensor can be obtained. Specifically, when the ambient temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the temperature control switch 8 is connected with the phase change energy storage module II 1002 to output the generated electric energy; when the ambient temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the temperature control switch 8 is connected with the phase-change energy storage module I1001 and outputs the generated electric energy; in the no-load dormant state, the circuit controls the storage battery to be charged, so that the module with high power generation capacity is ensured to supply power to the required sensor.
In the specific embodiment, the power generation process comprises the following steps:
taking the phase change temperature of the phase change material 122 in the phase change energy storage module I1001 as 28 ℃ and the phase change temperature of the phase change material 122 in the phase change energy storage module II 1002 as 10 ℃;
during the time of day, the power generation process is as follows:
at 8 am, the ambient temperature gradually rises to 28 ℃, the temperature of the phase-change material 122 in the phase-change energy storage module ii 1002 is consistent with the ambient temperature, the phase-change material 122 reaches the phase-change temperature, the temperature is maintained at 28 ℃ (because the ambient temperature continuously rises at this time, the phase-change material 122 is converted from a solid state to a liquid state, the ambient temperature is absorbed and the temperature is maintained at 28 ℃), the ambient temperature continuously rises at this time, a temperature difference is generated between the ambient temperature and the temperature of the phase-change material 122, namely, the temperature of the upper end face of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is 28 ℃, the temperature of the lower end face is higher than 28 ℃, and the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 generates electricity by utilizing the generated temperature difference;
when the noon is 12-2, the ambient temperature reaches a high point, the temperature difference at the two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 reaches the maximum, the generated energy of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 reaches the maximum, at the moment, the fan 42 can be started to radiate the phase-change material 122, so that the temperature of the phase-change material 122 rises slowly, the power generation time is prolonged, when the net generated energy tends to be negative, the fan 42 is closed, the temperature of the phase-change material 122 rises rapidly and tends to be consistent with the ambient temperature, and the phase-change energy storage module II 1002 stops generating power;
at 3 pm, the temperature of the phase-change material 122 of the phase-change energy storage module ii 1002 reaches 28 ℃ again, and is consistent with the ambient temperature, at this time, the phase-change material 122 continues to be kept at 28 ℃ (because the ambient temperature continuously decreases at this time, the phase-change material 122 changes from a liquid state to a solid state, and releases the temperature itself and keeps the temperature itself at 28 ℃), when the ambient temperature continuously decreases to below 28 ℃, a temperature difference is generated between the phase-change material 122 and the ambient temperature, the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 continues to generate electricity, and over time, the energy stored by the phase-change material 122 is insufficient to maintain the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, the temperature of the phase-change material 122 starts to decrease, and at 9 pm, the phase-change energy storage module ii 1002 stops generating electricity;
at night 10, the ambient temperature is reduced to 10 ℃ and is consistent with the temperature of the phase-change material 122 in the phase-change energy storage module I1001, the temperature of the phase-change material 122 is maintained at 10 ℃, the ambient temperature is continuously reduced, the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 generates power by utilizing the temperature difference between the two, until the energy of the phase-change energy storage material is insufficient to maintain 10 ℃ to stop generating power, in the morning 3, the ambient temperature is increased to 10 ℃ and is consistent with the temperature of the phase-change material 122 in the phase-change energy storage module I1001, the temperature of the phase-change material 122 is maintained at 10 ℃, the ambient temperature is continuously increased, the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 generates power by utilizing the temperature difference between the two, and the phase-change energy storage module I1001 stops generating power until the temperature of the phase-change material 122 is rapidly increased and tends to be consistent with the ambient temperature.
In addition, the electric energy required by the redundant load generated by the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 can be stored by the electric storage unit, so that when the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is insufficient for generating electricity, the power supply can supply power for the load.
The invention has been experimentally verified, and is particularly shown in fig. 7-10:
fig. 7 shows that the upper and lower ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet change faster with ambient temperature fluctuation and the composite phase change material 12 changes slower. The temperature difference between the composite phase change material 12 and the environment is initially positive and the composite phase change material 12 absorbs heat from the surrounding environment. As the ambient temperature gradually drops, reaching the melting point again, the temperature difference becomes negative and the stored heat is released.
Fig. 8 shows that the output power of the power generation module has the same trend as the variation trend of the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21, and reaches the maximum value when the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet 21 is at the maximum or minimum value, and basically accords with the theoretical deduction result.
Most of the time, as can be seen from fig. 9, the ambient temperature is approximately the same as the composite phase change material 12 temperature, with no energy harvesting. However, each phase change energy storage module 1 is biased from ambient temperature at two locations where the temperature is near the phase change temperature of the composite phase change material 12, thereby allowing the thermoelectric module to generate output power, indicating that energy harvesting has occurred in the device during the phase change process. Thus, the thermoelectric energy harvesting device of the composite phase change material 12 having two melting points exhibits better performance than conventional single phase change energy storage modules.
From fig. 10, it is derived that the two sets of phase change energy storage modules 1 are more stable in output power and larger in average power than the conventional single phase change energy storage module. The output power curves of the power supply devices of the two groups of phase-change energy storage modules 1 contain two peaks in one period, and compared with the conventional single phase-change energy storage module which contains only one peak in one period, the power supply device of the two groups of phase-change energy storage modules 1 can be longer in working time and larger in power generation capacity. With the aid of the power management module, the average output power of the thermoelectric energy supply of the two groups of phase change energy storage modules 1 is sufficient for many wireless sensors.
The test results of the conventional single phase change energy storage module are compared with the test results of the two phase change energy storage modules in the invention under similar test conditions, and the results are shown in table 1. The test results of the conventional single phase change energy storage module and the two phase change energy storage modules in the invention under the condition of large temperature difference are compared, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 1 comparison table of small temperature difference product properties
TABLE 2 comparison of large temperature difference product Performance
The results show that under the condition of small temperature difference test, the maximum power density of the two phase-change energy storage modules is improved by 153.50% compared with that of the conventional single phase-change energy storage module. Under the condition of large temperature difference test, the average power density of the two phase-change energy storage modules is improved by 183.45 percent compared with that of a conventional single phase-change energy storage module. The fluctuating output voltage can be converted into stable set output voltage after being processed by the power manager, and the power supply requirements of most wireless sensors can be met.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The standby power supply is characterized by comprising a phase-change energy storage module (1), a thermoelectric power generation module (2), a heat dissipation module I (3), a heat dissipation module II (4) and a power management module, wherein a plurality of groups of the phase-change energy storage modules (1) are arranged, and the thermoelectric power generation module (2) is arranged between the plurality of groups of the phase-change energy storage modules (1) and the heat dissipation module I (3);
the phase-change energy storage module (1) comprises a heat insulation frame body (11) and composite phase-change materials (12) arranged in a cavity of the heat insulation frame body (11), a heat conduction side wall (111) is arranged on one side, connected with the thermoelectric power generation module (2), of the heat insulation frame body (11), the composite phase-change materials (12) comprise foam metal (121) and phase-change materials (122) filled in the foam metal (121), and phase-change temperatures of the phase-change materials (122) in the plurality of groups of phase-change energy storage modules (1) are inconsistent;
the heat radiation module II (4) comprises a heat radiation pipe (41) and a fan (42), one end of the heat radiation pipe (41) is inserted into the cavity of the heat insulation frame body (11) to be in contact with the composite phase change material (12), the other end of the heat radiation pipe protrudes out of the heat insulation frame body (11), and the air outlet direction of the fan (42) faces the protruding part of the heat radiation pipe (41);
the thermoelectric power generation module (2) comprises thermoelectric power generation sheets (21), one end of each thermoelectric power generation sheet (21) is connected with the heat conduction side wall (111), and the other end of each thermoelectric power generation sheet is connected with the heat dissipation module I (3);
the power management module is electrically connected with the thermoelectric generation sheet (21) and the fan (42) and is used for supplying power output by the thermoelectric generation sheet (21) to the fan (42) and controlling the fan (42) to work and serving as a standby power supply.
2. The backup power supply of claim 1 wherein the metal foam (121) is copper foam and the phase change material (122) is paraffin wax, the metal foam (121) being welded to the thermally conductive side wall (111).
3. The standby power supply according to claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation pieces (21) are provided with a plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces, the thermoelectric generation module (2) further comprises a base plate (22), the plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces (21) are fixedly arranged on the base plate (22), and the plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces (21) are uniformly distributed on the plurality of groups of phase change energy storage modules (1).
4. A standby power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces (21) are coated with heat conductive silicone grease i (5) between one end and the heat conductive side wall (111), and a heat conductive silicone grease ii (6) between the other end and the heat dissipation module i (3).
5. The backup power supply according to claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation module i (3) includes a heat conduction plate (31) and a plurality of heat conduction fins (32) vertically provided on the heat conduction plate (31), and the heat conduction plate (31) is attached to the thermoelectric generation sheet (21).
6. The standby power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat insulation frame body (11) is made of transparent organic glass material, and the heat conduction side wall (111) is made of copper material.
7. The standby power supply according to claim 1, wherein the phase-change energy storage modules (1) are provided with two groups, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material (122) in the phase-change energy storage module i (1001) is 27-29 ℃, and the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material (122) in the phase-change energy storage module ii (1002) is 9-11 ℃.
8. The backup power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the power management module includes a power storage unit for storing electric power output from the thermoelectric generation chips (21).
9. The backup power supply of claim 8 wherein the power management module further comprises a power manager and a temperature controlled switch (8) interconnected, the power manager comprising a rectifying circuit, an integrated DC/DC circuit, an energy storage circuit, and an energy output circuit.
10. The backup power supply of any of claims 1-7, 9, further comprising an operation detection module comprising a temperature monitoring unit, a theoretical output power calculation unit, an actual output power acquisition unit, and a comparison unit;
the temperature monitoring unit is used for acquiring temperatures at two ends of the thermoelectric generation sheet (21), and the theoretical output power calculation unit calculates theoretical output power according to the data acquired by the temperature monitoring unit;
the actual output power acquisition unit acquires actual output power;
the comparison unit obtains theoretical output power and actual output power for comparison, and judges whether the standby power supply works normally or not.
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