CN116151828A - Block chain-based carbon footprint tracking method, system, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Block chain-based carbon footprint tracking method, system, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a carbon footprint tracking method, system, equipment and medium based on a blockchain, and relates to the technical field of carbon emission. The carbon emission produced by each component and each construction process of the building in the production and construction process is marked on the carbon label by a quantified index. Then, the construction process is based on business processes of cooperation of owners, designs, construction, supervision and other multiparty bodies, and the trusted data storage and safety exchange characteristics of the blockchain technology are applied to the production, transportation and construction processes of building materials to meet the storage and verification requirements of data of carbon emission information in the recording, storage and exchange processes to a certain extent. And finally, generating and linking the information of the carbon footprint by utilizing a two-dimensional code or RFID technology, and confirming the change of the carbon emission information in the process of each stage in the construction process by multiple parties to form a complete and reliable information traceability chain and a carbon tag identification system for tracking the carbon footprint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission, in particular to a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method, a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system, blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking equipment and a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking medium.
Background
The "carbon footprint" (Construction Carbon Footprint) of the building from building material production, transportation to construction, i.e. "carbon consumption during construction", is indicative of the collection of greenhouse gas emissions, typically expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2e, carbon dioxide equivalent), that are generated directly and indirectly from the building material production, transportation, construction throughout the materialization stage.
The Chinese patent document CN115344809A discloses a method for calculating the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of a temporary building, which divides the life cycle of the temporary building into four stages, namely a building material and component production stage, a transportation stage, a temporary construction operation stage and a component disassembly and reuse stage, defines the calculation boundaries of each stage, and calculates the total carbon emission P of the temporary building Total (S) The carbon emissions of each stage are added. Thus, a full life cycle carbon footprint calculation model of the temporary building facility is established, and the energy consumption and the carbon emission in the whole period are identified and quantified. But it does not track the carbon footprint. Therefore, the prior art lacks to calculate and track the carbon emission of the building in the whole materialization stage, and the energy consumption and the carbon emission lean management of the building are difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method, a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system, blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking equipment and a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking medium.
Embodiments of the present invention are implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method,
building a federation chain of building construction project traceability, and generating corresponding public and private key pairs for each participant in the federation chain;
extracting and uniformly coding the building components and the construction process according to the basic information of the building components based on BIM technology, and synchronizing to each participant;
each participant encrypts the codes by using the corresponding public key to generate a blockchain address, and combines the building component and the construction process codes to generate a carbon label index, wherein the blockchain address is the index address of the carbon label;
calculating carbon emission in the building material production, transportation and construction process in the building materialization stage, utilizing private keys corresponding to all the participants to carry out carbon emission information obtained by calculation, generating a carbon label, signing and then uploading;
and inquiring and tracking the carbon footprint of the building in the materialization stage according to the carbon label and the carbon emission information of the upper chain.
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the invention, establishing a federation chain for building construction project traceability includes establishing:
the network layer is used for providing a bottom layer node P2P networking protocol, a data security and an encryption and decryption protocol so as to establish communication;
the core layer is used for carrying out identity verification and management on each participant in the alliance chain, carrying out synchronous verification and management on transaction information and the distributed account book, and establishing intelligent contract service;
and the interface layer is used for providing interface service to read the block transaction data stored in a distributed mode and display the tracing result.
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the present invention, the step of authenticating and managing each participant in the federation chain includes:
and carrying out identity authentication on registration information submitted by each participation party block chain platform, and if the authentication is passed, issuing a digital certificate for the participation party to generate a corresponding public and private key pair.
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing synchronization checksum management on the transaction information and the distributed ledger includes:
the endorsement node obtains the transaction broadcast request of each participant node, verifies the digital signature of each participant node, carries out transaction endorsement for the participant after the verification is passed, and applies for ordering to the ordering node;
the ordering node orders the transaction sequence on the chain, confirms and packages the transaction information to form a block, wherein the block comprises building components and carbon emission information of each construction process;
broadcasting the confirmed transaction information, and adding a uplink to form a block record;
and each participant node updates the respective node account to form a distributed account book.
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the present invention, uniformly encoding the building elements and the construction process includes establishing a standardized element library and a construction process library, wherein the standardized element library is used for storing the thickness, height, weight, number of RFID/two-dimensional code/address code of the elements, material information and corresponding carbon emission factors.
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the present invention, the transportation distance of the building components is calculated based on GPS technology during the transportation process in the above-mentioned building materialization stage, and the carbon emission C of the transportation process is calculated as follows YS ：
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the invention, further comprising: and for modification of the calculation of the carbon emission, which occurs in the materialization stage of the building, the addresses on the chain are subjected to electronic signature and transaction through the multiple signatures of all the participants, so that the carbon emission is correspondingly adjusted.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system, comprising:
the alliance chain establishment module is used for establishing an alliance chain for tracing building construction projects and generating corresponding public and private key pairs for each participant in the alliance chain;
the coding module is used for extracting and uniformly coding the building components and the construction process according to the basic information of the building components based on the BIM technology and synchronizing the building components and the construction process to each participant;
the carbon label index generation module is configured to encrypt the codes by using the corresponding public keys by all the participants to generate a blockchain address, and the blockchain address is an index address of a carbon label by combining building components and construction process codes to generate a carbon label index;
the carbon emission calculation and uplink module is used for calculating carbon emission in the building material production, transportation and construction processes in the building materialization stage, generating a carbon label by utilizing the calculated carbon emission information by the private key corresponding to each participant, and signing and then uplink;
and the carbon footprint tracking module is used for inquiring and tracking the carbon footprint of the building in the materialization stage according to the carbon label and the carbon emission information of the upper chain.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device comprising a memory for storing one or more programs; a processor. The method as described in any one of the first aspects is implemented when the one or more programs are executed by the processor.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method as described in any of the first aspects above.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the invention provides a carbon footprint tracking method based on a blockchain, which is characterized in that the greenhouse gas emission (carbon footprint) emitted by each component and each construction process of a building in the production and construction process is marked on a product label by a quantized index. Then, the construction process is based on business processes of multi-party main bodies and multi-party cooperation such as owners, design, construction, supervision and the like, and the business processes have a mutual trust relationship to a certain extent, so that the trusted data storage and safety exchange characteristics of the blockchain technology are applied to the production, transportation and construction processes of building materials so as to meet the storage and authentication requirements of data of carbon emission information in the recording, storage and exchange processes. And finally, generating and linking the information of the carbon footprint by utilizing a two-dimensional code or RFID technology, and confirming the change of the carbon emission information in the process of each stage in the construction process by multiple parties to form a complete and reliable information traceability chain and a carbon tag identification system for tracking the carbon footprint.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating steps of an embodiment of a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a federated chain in one embodiment of a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1. a memory; 2. a processor; 3. a communication interface; 11. a alliance chain building module; 12. a coding module; 13. a carbon label index generation module; 14. a carbon emission calculation and a chaining module; 15. a carbon footprint tracking module.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a block chain-based carbon footprint tracking method according to an embodiment of the present application, the method includes the following steps:
step S1: building a federation chain of building construction project traceability, and generating corresponding public and private key pairs for each participant in the federation chain.
Referring to fig. 2, in the above steps, establishing a federation chain for tracing a building construction project includes establishing: and the network layer is used for providing a bottom layer node P2P networking protocol, a data security and an encryption and decryption protocol so as to establish communication.
The core layer is used for carrying out identity verification and management on each participant in the alliance chain, carrying out synchronous verification and management on transaction information and the distributed account book, and establishing intelligent contract service. Specifically, the blockchain underlying platform provides identity authentication services, consensus services, and intelligent contract services. The identity authentication service is mainly used for carrying out identity authentication on registration information submitted by each participation party block chain platform, and if the authentication is passed, a digital certificate is issued for the participation party, and a corresponding public and private key pair is generated and bound. Subsequently, through managing the registration information of each participant in engineering construction, the certificates can be replaced, and the certificates of the dishonest party are subjected to revocation processing. Most importantly, given the security, privacy, regulatory, audit and performance requirements of commercial applications, node members can only join the blockchain network if they obtain credentials. The consensus service mainly carries out synchronous check sum management on transaction information and a distributed account book, and comprises the following steps: the endorsement node obtains the transaction broadcast request of each participant node, verifies the digital signature of each participant node, carries out transaction endorsement for the participant after the verification is passed, and applies for ordering to the ordering node; the ordering node orders the transaction sequence on the chain, confirms and packages the transaction information to form a block, wherein the block comprises building components and carbon emission information of each construction process; broadcasting the confirmed transaction information, and adding a uplink to form a block record; meanwhile, each participant node updates the account of each node to form a distributed account book. Thereby ensuring the correct uplink of the service result and maintaining the distributed database. The intelligent contract service is mainly planned from the aspects of operation environment, monitoring management, flexible expansion and the like, three functions of a safety container, contract management and script analysis are configured, and a complete intelligent contract service system is constructed.
And the interface layer is used for providing interface service to read the block transaction data stored in a distributed mode and display the tracing result. Specifically, the alliance chain bottom layer platform provides application support development service, provides an SDK support component for web layer application development, comprises a management audit SDK, a business development SDK and an operation and maintenance monitoring SDK, and can easily read block transaction data on the distributed storage and display a tracing result. The unified service interface can be easily called among the service systems, so that the traceable application development is conveniently completed.
It should be noted that each party is a recording party, and the parties include an industry master, a production party, a transportation party, a design party, a construction party and a supervision party.
Step S2: and extracting based on BIM technology, uniformly encoding the building components and the construction process according to the basic information of the building components, and synchronizing to each participant.
In the above steps, in the process of constructing the carbon label, a unified design standard is required to be established first when the building component and the construction process are unified coded based on basic information of the building component based on BIM technology, so that modular design is convenient to carry out. For example, a standardized component library for storing the thickness, height, weight, number of RFID/two-dimensional code/address code, and material information and corresponding carbon emission factor of the components and a construction process library are established. And then, adopting a plurality of component identification tracking technologies such as two-dimensional codes, RFID (radio frequency identification) or address codes and the like to generate information of the whole production and construction of the building components, and storing and then uploading the information, so that the dynamic release condition of carbon emission in the construction process can be counted correspondingly conveniently.
Step S3: each participant encrypts the codes by using the corresponding public key to generate a blockchain address, and combines the building components and the construction process codes to generate a carbon label index, wherein the blockchain address is the index address of the carbon label.
In the step, each participant encrypts the codes by using the corresponding public key to generate a blockchain address, and writes the blockchain address into an RFID chip of the building element signboard/a two-dimensional code printed on the signboard. The block chain address in the data of the RFID chip on the building component signboard can be read through the code scanning printing equipment, or the block chain address in the two-dimensional code printed on the corresponding building component signboard is scanned, so that the carbon footprint information in the materialization process of the building is displayed.
Step S4: and (3) calculating carbon emission in the building material production, transportation and construction processes in the building materialization stage, utilizing private keys corresponding to all the participants to carry out carbon emission information obtained through calculation, generating a carbon label, and signing and then uploading.
In the above steps, the carbon emission C in the building material production process in the building materialization stage SC The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
The transportation process in the physical and chemical stage of the building is calculated based on GPS technology to obtain the transportation distance of the building construction, and the carbon emission C of the transportation process is calculated according to the following formula YS ：
Carbon emission C during construction of the building materialization stage Jz The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
In the above embodiment, the building elements are manufactured, sold, and distributed to use, and each party body participating in construction digitally signs and broadcasts the use link of each material and the carbon emission amount generated in the construction process with its own private key in construction handover check confirmation, and then, through authentication, writes the relevant data into the corresponding blockchain address and generates the corresponding transaction block data, which holds the carbon footprint information related to the building material and the construction process.
Step S5: and inquiring and tracking the carbon footprint of the building in the materialization stage according to the carbon label and the carbon emission information of the upper chain.
For example, the blockchain address in the data of the RFID chip on the building component identification plate can be read through the code scanning printing equipment, or the blockchain address in the two-dimensional code printed on the corresponding building component identification plate can be scanned, so that the carbon footprint information in the materialization process of the building is displayed.
Based on the first aspect, in some embodiments of the invention, further comprising: and for modification of the calculation of the carbon emission, which occurs in the materialization stage of the building, the addresses on the chain are subjected to electronic signature and transaction through the multiple signatures of all the participants, so that the carbon emission is correspondingly adjusted.
Referring to fig. 3, in order to facilitate understanding of the blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method according to the present invention, the following examples are used to illustrate the following steps:
firstly, each constructor participating unit registers and passes management and auditing. Specifically, each engineering construction party downloads node synchronization software and a blockchain database to become participating nodes. And each engineering construction party applies for identity registration (MSP) to the blockchain platform, and after CA authentication (namely electronic authentication service, namely the activity of providing authenticity and reliability verification for each party related to the electronic signature) of the supervision party is passed, the platform respectively issues digital certificates for the engineering construction parties to generate corresponding public and private key pairs for confirmation and signature of footprint in the carbon emission process of the building.
And then, reading information of building components and construction processes in the BIM system, and coding each component and each construction process. Each participant then encrypts the code with its own public key to generate a blockchain address for each component and for each construction process specific correspondence, the blockchain address being a carbon-labeled index of the building carbon emissions.
Then, during the construction process, each participant calculates the carbon emission amount of each coded member or construction process in its corresponding stage, signs the carbon emission calculation result with a private key, and then submits the result to the chain.
When the carbon emission information in the building process is calculated and a request for triggering a uplink requirement is needed, a requesting party, such as a constructor node, is used as a client to initiate a request for tracing a certification through an SDK (software development kit) or an API (application programming interface), and sends a transaction broadcasting requirement to an endorsement node. And if the supervisor node is an endorsement node, the supervisor firstly checks the digital signature of the constructor node and prepares to execute the intelligent contract.
And after verification, simulating and executing the intelligent contract, and when the digital signature verification of the constructor passes and the transaction condition meets the intelligent contract state requirement, confirming that the constructor carries out transaction endorsement by the supervisor node, transmitting the endorsement result back to the SDK or the API, and applying for ordering to the ordering node through the SDK or the API.
The ordering node orders the transaction sequence on the chain, confirms and packages a group of transactions to form a block, and the block comprises components and carbon emission information of each construction process.
And broadcasting the confirmed transaction information to participants in the channel, adding the information into a chain forming block record, and updating the node account book by each participant.
Finally, each component of the block record, the carbon footprint of each construction process and the corresponding block chain address form a carbon label, and the traceability information can be inquired at the front end in an SDK or API mode through an engineering construction carbon label management system.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention further provides a blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system, please refer to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a block diagram of the blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system according to an embodiment of the present application. The system comprises:
the alliance chain establishing module 11 is used for establishing an alliance chain for tracing building construction projects and generating corresponding public and private key pairs for each participant in the alliance chain;
the coding module 12 is used for extracting and uniformly coding the building components and the construction process according to the basic information of the building components based on BIM technology and synchronizing to each participant;
the carbon label index generation module 13 is configured to encrypt the codes by using the corresponding public keys by all the participants to generate a blockchain address, and generate a carbon label index by combining building components and construction process codes, wherein the blockchain address is an index address of the carbon label;
the carbon emission calculating and chaining module 14 is used for calculating carbon emission in the building material production, transportation and construction processes in the building materialization stage, generating a carbon label by utilizing the private key corresponding to each participant to the calculated carbon emission information, and signing and chaining;
and the carbon footprint tracking module 15 is used for inquiring and tracking the carbon footprint of the building in the materialization stage according to the carbon label and the carbon emission information of the upper chain.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device comprises a memory 1, a processor 2 and a communication interface 3, wherein the memory 1, the processor 2 and the communication interface 3 are electrically connected with each other directly or indirectly so as to realize data transmission or interaction. For example, the components may be electrically connected to each other via one or more communication buses or signal lines. The memory 1 may be used to store software programs and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the processor 2 executes the software programs and modules stored in the memory 1 to perform various functional applications and data processing. The communication interface 3 may be used for communication of signaling or data with other node devices.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the same, but rather, various modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present application may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method, comprising:
building a federation chain of building construction project traceability, and generating corresponding public and private key pairs for each participant in the federation chain;
extracting and uniformly coding the building components and the construction process according to the basic information of the building components based on BIM technology, and synchronizing to each participant;
each participant encrypts the code by using a corresponding public key to generate a blockchain address, and combines the building component and the construction process code to generate a carbon label index, wherein the blockchain address is an index address of the carbon label;
calculating carbon emission in the building material production, transportation and construction process in the building materialization stage, utilizing private keys corresponding to all the participants to carry out carbon emission information obtained by calculation, generating a carbon label, signing and then uploading;
and inquiring and tracking the carbon footprint of the building in the materialization stage according to the carbon label and the carbon emission information of the upper chain.
2. The blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of claim 1, wherein establishing a coalition chain of building construction project traceability comprises establishing:
the network layer is used for providing a bottom layer node P2P networking protocol, a data security and an encryption and decryption protocol so as to establish communication;
the core layer is used for carrying out identity verification and management on each participant in the alliance chain, carrying out synchronous verification and management on transaction information and the distributed account book, and establishing intelligent contract service;
and the interface layer is used for providing interface service to read the block transaction data stored in a distributed mode and display the tracing result.
3. The blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of claim 2, wherein the step of authenticating and managing each participant in the coalition chain comprises:
and carrying out identity authentication on registration information submitted by each participation party block chain platform, and if the authentication is passed, issuing a digital certificate for the participation party to generate a corresponding public and private key pair.
4. The blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of claim 2, wherein the step of synchronizing checksum management of transaction information and the distributed ledger comprises:
the endorsement node obtains the transaction broadcast request of each participant node, verifies the digital signature of each participant node, carries out transaction endorsement for the participant after the verification is passed, and applies for ordering to the ordering node;
the ordering nodes order the transaction sequences on the chains, confirm and package the transaction information to form blocks, wherein the blocks comprise building components and carbon emission information of each construction process;
broadcasting the confirmed transaction information, and adding a uplink to form a block record;
and each participant node updates the respective node account to form a distributed account book.
5. The blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of claim 1, wherein uniformly encoding building components and construction processes includes establishing a standardized component library and a construction process library for storing the thickness, height, weight, RFID/two-dimensional code/address code numbers of components, and material information and corresponding carbon emission factors.
6. The blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of claim 1, wherein the transportation process in the materialization stage of the building is calculated based on a GPS technique to obtain a transportation distance of the building member, and the carbon emission C of the transportation process is calculated according to the following formula YS ：
7. The blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of claim 1, further comprising: and for modification of the calculation of the carbon emission, which occurs in the materialization stage of the building, the addresses on the chain are subjected to electronic signature and transaction through the multiple signatures of all the participants, so that the carbon emission is correspondingly adjusted.
8. A blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking system, comprising:
the alliance chain establishment module is used for establishing an alliance chain for tracing building construction projects and generating corresponding public and private key pairs for each participant in the alliance chain;
the coding module is used for extracting and uniformly coding the building components and the construction process according to the basic information of the building components based on the BIM technology and synchronizing the building components and the construction process to each participant;
the carbon label index generation module is configured to encrypt the codes by utilizing the corresponding public keys by all the participants to generate blockchain addresses, and the blockchain addresses are index addresses of carbon labels by combining building components and construction process codes to generate carbon label indexes;
the carbon emission calculation and uplink module is used for calculating carbon emission in the building material production, transportation and construction processes in the building materialization stage, generating a carbon label by utilizing the calculated carbon emission information by the private key corresponding to each participant, and signing and then uplink;
and the carbon footprint tracking module is used for inquiring and tracking the carbon footprint of the building in the materialization stage according to the carbon tag and the carbon emission information of the upper chain.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing one or more programs;
a processor;
the blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of any of claims 1-7, when the one or more programs are executed by the processor.
10. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor implements the blockchain-based carbon footprint tracking method of any of claims 1-7.
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