CN116148891A - Satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measurement method based on along-track interference - Google Patents
Satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measurement method based on along-track interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measurement method based on down-track interference, which is characterized in that a satellite-ground double-base SAR observation geometric model is established by determining an observation scene and taking the center of the observation scene as a geometric center; determining a time base line in each group of receiving stations according to the geometric model, and acquiring SAR echo data when the satellite passes through an observation scene; and carrying out interference and multi-view processing on the imaging of each group of received SAR echo data so as to obtain interference phases, and then calculating sea surface two-dimensional flow field data in the flow field region to be measured according to the time base line of each group of receiving stations and the corresponding interference phases. According to the invention, the inversion cost of the high-precision high-spatial-resolution two-dimensional sea surface flow field data can be realized only by arranging the receiving station on the ground; in addition, the invention can adopt SAR satellites in any passing condition as signal emission sources, and can continuously observe the same scene to obtain high-time-resolution flow field data only by adjusting the antenna angle of the direct wave receiving station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of interference synthetic aperture radars, and particularly relates to a satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measurement method based on along-track interference.
Background
A synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar, abbreviated as SAR) is a two-dimensional imaging information acquisition technology for an observation object by means of a synthetic aperture by using electromagnetic waves in a microwave spectrum as a detection carrier. Compared with the traditional optical imaging, the SAR has the working advantages of long-distance detection, full-time-of-day and all-weather.
Sea surface radial flow field measurement is one of the most dominant applications of down-track interferometry SAR (ATI-SAR). FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a down-track interferometric SAR measurement of radial sea surface flow fields. In the down-track interference SAR, a front antenna and a rear antenna are arranged along the moving direction of a platform, the distance between the antennas is B, one antenna transmits and receives a linear frequency modulation signal, the other antenna receives the linear frequency modulation signal, and the radial speed is measured by utilizing the oblique distance difference caused by the echo imaging time difference of the front antenna and the rear antenna.
The imaging time interval of the antenna receiving signals before and after the ATI-SAR is
v s For the platform speed, the phases of the two antenna echoes after imaging are respectively +.>
The radial inversion speed can be expressed as
Wherein lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave and M is multiple views.
On the basis of the down-track interference SAR, the squint dual-beam system is adopted to measure radial flow velocity in two directions, and the measurement of the sea surface two-dimensional flow field can be realized through vector synthesis. In the lower graph, the x-axis represents the motion direction of the platform, the z-axis is directed upwards from the earth center to the platform, the y-axis is determined according to the right-hand spiral rule, and the inversion flow field vector is decomposed along the x-axis and the y-axis.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a dual beam system configuration. In fig. 2, front and rear beams respectively form a forward-track interference system, and velocity components of flow fields in radial directions of the front and rear beams are measured:
setting the incidence angles of front and rear beams to be respectively theta fore 、θ aft The projection angles of the front beam and the rear beam on the xoy plane and the y axis are respectively ρ fore 、ρ aft Inverting the two-dimensional flow field speed to be
At present, a plurality of satellites at home and abroad have the capability of down-track interference, and the radial sea current speed is measured, such as GF-3 satellites, tanDEM satellites and the like, but the service production is not carried out, and the one-dimensional flow field data can not meet the requirements of scientific research, production and life on the two-dimensional flow field data. The dual-beam ATI satellite system with two-dimensional flow field measurement is still in the development process at present, the time with the production capacity of the product is uncertain, and the system is a single-satellite system and has long revisiting period and low time resolution of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measuring method based on along-track interference. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measurement method based on along-track interference, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a flow field area to be measured and a satellite beam irradiation area on the earth, and taking the union of the two space areas as an observation scene;
step 2, taking the center of the observation scene as a geometric center, and establishing a three-dimensional star-earth bistatic SAR observation geometric model for expressing the relative positions of satellites and a plurality of groups of receiving stations positioned outside the observation scene;
each group of receiving stations at least comprises one conventional receiving station capable of receiving satellite direct wave signals and at least two ATI receiving stations for measuring a flow field area to be measured;
step 3, determining a time base line in each group of receiving stations according to the relative positions of satellites and ATI receiving stations in each group in the satellite-ground double-base SAR observation geometric model;
step 4, calculating the opening time and closing time of a radar wave gate of the ATI receiving station when the satellite passes through the observation scene, waiting for a satellite radar wave beam to scan the observation scene, and acquiring SAR echo data transmitted by the satellite and reflected by a flow field in the starting time of the radar of the receiving station and direct wave data of the satellite received by a conventional receiving station;
step 5, carrying out interference and multi-view processing on the imaging of the SAR echo data received by each group of receiving stations according to the time base line in each group of receiving stations, and obtaining an interference phase corresponding to the time base line of each group of receiving stations;
and 6, calculating sea surface two-dimensional flow field data in the to-be-measured flow field area according to the time base line of each group of receiving stations and the corresponding interference phase.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measuring method based on down-track interference, which can realize the inversion of high-precision and high-spatial resolution two-dimensional sea surface flow field data only by arranging a receiving station on the ground, and has extremely low cost compared with the two-dimensional flow field data measured by an airplane and a satellite.
Secondly, the SAR satellite in any passing observation scene is adopted as a signal transmitting source, and the measurement of the flow field data can be completed only by adjusting the antenna angle of the direct wave receiving station.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art down-track interferometry SAR measurement of radial sea surface flow fields;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual beam system configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measurement method based on along-track interference;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a star-ground bistatic SAR observation geometric model provided by the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of flow field decomposition in an observation scenario provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 3, the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measuring method based on the along-track interference provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a flow field area to be measured and a satellite beam irradiation area on the earth, and taking the union of the two space areas as an observation scene;
step 2, taking the center of the observation scene as a geometric center, and establishing a three-dimensional star-earth bistatic SAR observation geometric model for expressing the relative positions of satellites and a plurality of groups of receiving stations positioned outside the observation scene;
each group of receiving stations at least comprises one conventional receiving station capable of receiving satellite direct wave signals and at least two ATI receiving stations for measuring a flow field area to be measured;
in a specific embodiment, step 2 includes:
step 21, the center of the observation scene is taken as a geometric center, the scanning direction of a satellite wave beam is taken as an x-axis, the vector of the earth center pointing to the origin is taken as a z-axis, and a three-dimensional geometric coordinate y-axis is determined according to a right-hand spiral rule;
step 22, arranging a plurality of groups of ATI receiving stations outside the observation scene along the x-axis direction;
and step 23, establishing a three-dimensional star-earth bistatic SAR observation geometric model for expressing the relative positions of the satellites and the multiple groups of receiving stations.
The star-ground double-base SAR observation geometric model is shown by referring to fig. 4, two groups of receiving stations are arranged at the high position outside an observation scene along the x-axis direction, and a longer interval is arranged between the two groups of receiving stations as far as possible so as to enable the vector of the two groups of receiving stations to be optimal in the ground projection from the observation scene. At least 3 receiving stations are required to be arranged in each group of receiving stations, one receiving station is used for receiving satellite direct wave signals, and the other two receiving stations are used for carrying out placing and measuring a convection field along the x axis for ATI receiving stations. In addition, a plurality of receiving stations can be used as ATI receiving stations, the receiving stations are distributed at equal intervals, multi-base line along-track interference data are formed, and flow field inversion accuracy is improved.
Step 3, determining a time base line in each group of receiving stations according to the relative positions of satellites and ATI receiving stations in each group in the satellite-ground double-base SAR observation geometric model;
in a specific embodiment, step 3 includes:
step 31, calculating the slant distance histories from the sea current at the center of the observation scene to each ATI receiving station in any group for the ATI receiving stations in the group;
neglecting the effect of earth curvature, assuming the satellite's angle of view θ, the trajectory is straight during the imaging time, and the ocean current is at velocity [ v ] x ,v y ,0]Motion, then the satellite motion trail is [ v ] s t,Htanθ,H]Receiving station P 1 The coordinates are [ x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ]Receiving station P 2 The coordinates are [ x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ]. Ocean current at scene center to receiving station P 1 、P 2 The pitch history of (2) is:
step 32, respectively performing taylor expansion on the corresponding slant range process of each ATI receiving station in any group to obtain the signal Doppler process of each ATI receiving station;
is provided with
Taylor expansion is performed on the slope history in step 31 at t=0 to obtain:
obtaining P according to the above two formulas 1 、P 2 The Doppler course of the signal is
let f d1 ＝0，f d2 =0 to obtain P 1 、P 2 The zero Doppler time of the received signal is respectively
And step 34, the received signal zero Doppler moments of the two ATI receiving stations in any group are subjected to difference, and a time base line is obtained.
Thus, the time base line of any group is
τ＝t 1 -t 2 。(12)
Step 4, calculating the opening time and closing time of a radar wave gate of the ATI receiving station when the satellite passes through the observation scene, waiting for a satellite radar wave beam to scan the observation scene, and acquiring SAR echo data transmitted by the satellite and reflected by a flow field in the starting time of the radar of the receiving station and direct wave data of the satellite received by a conventional receiving station;
in a specific embodiment, step 4 includes:
step 41, according to the nearest slant distance R from the satellite to the observation scene n Closest skew r to receiving station to observed scene n Calculating the radar wave gate opening time of the ATI receiving station;
step 42, according to the farthest slant distance R from the satellite to the observed scene f Furthest oblique distance r from receiving station to observation scene f Calculating the closing time of a radar wave door;
and 43, waiting for the satellite radar beam to pass through the observation scene, and acquiring SAR echo data transmitted by the satellite and reflected by the flow field in the starting time of the radar of the receiving station and direct wave data of the satellite received by the conventional receiving station.
The satellite beam starts to irradiate the observation scene as the starting time of the receiver radar, the satellite beam leaves the observation scene as the stopping time of the echo signal receiver radar, and the azimuth direction of the receiver echo signal is the direction of the satellite beam for scanning the ground. Unlike ordinary star/airborne SAR, due to receiver fixation, the SAR system closest offset is the satellite-to-scene closest offset R n Closest skew distance r from receiver to scene n The sum, i.e. the radar gate opening time, can be expressed as
t on ＝(R n +r n )/c；(13)
The farthest inclined distance of the SAR system is the farthest inclined distance R from satellite to scene f Farthest skew distance r from receiver to scene f And (3) summing. Notably, r f Refers to within a sceneThe point-to-receiver distance maximum is not the furthest skew mentioned in conventional SAR systems. The radar gate closing time can be expressed as
t off ＝(R f +r f )/c(14)
Where c is the speed of sound.
After the time is determined, waiting for the satellite to receive the SAR echo signal.
Step 5, carrying out interference and multi-view processing on the imaging of the SAR echo data received by each group of receiving stations according to the time base line in each group of receiving stations, and obtaining an interference phase corresponding to the time base line of each group of receiving stations;
as shown in FIG. 4, satellites transmit signals in a front side view mode, P, over a scene 1 、P 2 And P 3 、P 4 The sea surface return signals are received for two sets of ATI receivers placed outside the scene respectively. Assuming that the satellite Doppler time is 0, a particle on the sea surface is positioned at the T position at the 0 moment, the particle moves to the T position after the time base line tau passes, and the azimuth and the distance movement speed of the particle movement are v respectively az 、v ra The movement distance is v.tau.
If the scene does not have ocean current movement, the scene is flat ground, at the moment P 1 、P 2 The Doppler process of the received signals is the same, the imaging time is 0 time, and at the moment, P is 1 、P 2 The interference phase after receiver imaging can be expressed as
Similarly, P 3 、P 4 The interference phase after receiver imaging can be expressed as
Therefore, the two groups of ATI receivers have inherent interference phases, and the interference phases at different positions are different, so that the two-dimensional space variation is realized along the azimuth direction and the distance direction.
When the scene is the sea surface, P 1 、P 2 Receiver imaging time presence τ fore Time difference, P 1 Receiving echoes returned by particles at T, P 2 Echoes reflected from particles are received at T'. So P 1 、P 2 When the receiver observes the same target point, the skew difference exists, namely the track-following interference phase exists after registration. P (P) 1 、P 2 The down-track interferometric phase can be divided into three parts, one part is caused by the satellite-to-target point skew variation, the other part is caused by the target point-to-receiver skew, and finally P 1 、P 2 The skew difference is fixed between the receivers.
When the scene is the sea surface, P 1 、P 2 Receiver imaging time presence τ fore Time difference, P 1 Receiving echoes returned by particles at T, P 2 Echoes reflected from particles are received at T'. So P 1 、P 2 When the receiver observes the same target point, the skew difference exists, namely the track-following interference phase exists after registration. P (P) 1 、P 2 The down-track interference difference can be divided into three parts, one part is caused by the change of the satellite-to-target point skew, the other part is caused by the target point-to-receiver skew, and finally P is added 1 、P 2 The skew difference is fixed between the receivers. Since the fixed skew difference can be known by calculation, it is ignored in the subsequent derivation.
wherein ,vr 、v fore Is at a speed of y-axis,
Projection onto a projection plane.
Similarly, P 3 、P 4 Receiver interference phaseExpressed as
v aft ＝vcosθ aft (20)
As shown in fig. 5, the flow field velocity can be decomposed along the x-axis and y-axis into
An included angle with the y-axis of ρ aft 、ρ fore 。
Then
And 6, calculating sea surface two-dimensional flow field data in the to-be-measured flow field area according to the time base line of each group of receiving stations and the corresponding interference phase.
The two-dimensional flow field speed of the sea surface is
wherein ,
the invention provides a satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measurement method based on down-track interference, which is characterized in that a satellite-ground double-base SAR observation geometric model is established by determining an observation scene and taking the center of the observation scene as a geometric center; determining a time base line in each group of receiving stations according to the geometric model, and acquiring SAR echo data when the satellite passes through an observation scene; and carrying out interference and multi-view processing on the imaging of each group of received SAR echo data so as to obtain interference phases, and then calculating sea surface two-dimensional flow field data in the flow field region to be measured according to the time base line of each group of receiving stations and the corresponding interference phases. According to the invention, the inversion cost of the high-precision high-spatial-resolution two-dimensional sea surface flow field data can be realized only by arranging the receiving station on the ground; in addition, the invention can adopt SAR satellites in any passing condition as signal emission sources, and can continuously observe the same scene to obtain high-time-resolution flow field data only by adjusting the antenna angle of the direct wave receiving station.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Although the present application has been described herein in connection with various embodiments, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed application, from a review of the figures, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field measuring method based on along-track interference is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a flow field area to be measured and a satellite beam irradiation area on the earth, and taking the union of the two space areas as an observation scene;
step 2, taking the center of the observation scene as a geometric center, and establishing a three-dimensional star-earth bistatic SAR observation geometric model for expressing the relative positions of satellites and a plurality of groups of receiving stations positioned outside the observation scene;
each group of receiving stations at least comprises one conventional receiving station capable of receiving satellite direct wave signals and at least two ATI receiving stations for measuring a flow field area to be measured;
step 3, determining a time base line in each group of receiving stations according to the relative positions of satellites and ATI receiving stations in each group in the satellite-ground double-base SAR observation geometric model;
step 4, calculating the opening time and closing time of a radar wave gate of the ATI receiving station when the satellite passes through the observation scene, waiting for a satellite radar wave beam to scan the observation scene, and acquiring SAR echo data transmitted by the satellite and reflected by a flow field in the starting time of the radar of the receiving station and direct wave data of the satellite received by a conventional receiving station;
step 5, carrying out interference and multi-view processing on the imaging of the SAR echo data received by each group of receiving stations according to the time base line in each group of receiving stations, and obtaining an interference phase corresponding to the time base line of each group of receiving stations;
and 6, calculating sea surface two-dimensional flow field data in the to-be-measured flow field area according to the time base line of each group of receiving stations and the corresponding interference phase.
2. The method for measuring the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field based on the orbit following interference according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21, the center of the observation scene is taken as a geometric center, the scanning direction of a satellite wave beam is taken as an x-axis, the vector of the earth center pointing to the origin is taken as a z-axis, and a three-dimensional geometric coordinate y-axis is determined according to a right-hand spiral rule;
step 22, arranging a plurality of groups of ATI receiving stations outside the observation scene along the x-axis direction;
and step 23, establishing a three-dimensional star-earth bistatic SAR observation geometric model for expressing the relative positions of the satellites and the multiple groups of receiving stations.
3. The method for measuring the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field based on the orbit following interference according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 31, calculating the slant distance histories from the sea current at the center of the observation scene to each ATI receiving station in any group for the ATI receiving stations in the group;
step 32, respectively performing taylor expansion on the corresponding slant range process of each ATI receiving station in any group to obtain the signal Doppler process of each ATI receiving station;
step 33, calculating the zero Doppler time of the signal received by each ATI receiving station according to the Doppler process of the signal of each ATI receiving station in any group;
and step 34, the received signal zero Doppler moments of the two ATI receiving stations in any group are subjected to difference, and a time base line is obtained.
4. The method for measuring the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field based on the orbit following interference according to claim 3, wherein,
the range histories of the two ATI receiving stations in any one group in step 31 are respectively expressed as:
wherein the satellite has a downward viewing angle of θ, the trajectory is a straight line in the imaging time, and the ocean current is at a velocity [ v ] x ,v y ,0]Motion, satellite motion track is [ v ] s t,Htanθ,H]Intra-group ATI receiving station P 1 The coordinates are [ x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ]Intra-group AIT receiving station P 2 The coordinates are [ x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ]；
Is provided with
Taylor expansion is performed on the slope history in step 31 at t=0 to obtain:
the Doppler signal histories of two ATI receivers in any one group in step 32 are respectively represented as
The zero Doppler moments of the received signals of the two ATI receiving stations in any group in the step 33 are respectively
The time base line of any one of the step 34 is
τ＝t 1 -t 2 。
5. The method for measuring the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field based on the orbit following interference according to claim 4, wherein the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 41, according to the nearest slant distance R from the satellite to the observation scene n Closest skew r to receiving station to observed scene n Calculating the radar wave gate opening time of the ATI receiving station;
step 42, according to the farthest slant distance R from the satellite to the observed scene f Furthest oblique distance r from receiving station to observation scene f Calculating the closing time of a radar wave door;
and 43, waiting for the satellite radar beam to pass through the observation scene, and acquiring SAR echo data transmitted by the satellite and reflected by the flow field in the starting time of the radar of the receiving station and direct wave data of the satellite received by the conventional receiving station.
6. The method for measuring the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field based on the orbit following interference according to claim 5, wherein the radar wave gate opening time is
t on ＝(R n +r n )/c；
The closing time of the radar wave gate is
t off ＝(R f +r f )/c
Where c is the speed of sound.
7. The method for measuring the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field based on the orbit-following interference according to claim 6, wherein the interference phases corresponding to the time base lines of the two groups of receiving stations in the step 5 are as follows:
wherein ,τfore ，τ aft Representing the time base line of two groups of receiving stations, the projection vector of the satellite to the target point beam in the observation scene is as followsThe projection vector of the beam of the target point to the ATI receiving station in the observation scene is as follows in the y axis
Velocity vector and y-axis->
Included angles of theta and theta respectively fore The incident angle and the reflected angle of the satellite transmitting and signal reflecting wave beams are respectively theta i And theta i-fore ，/>
An included angle with the y-axis of ρ aft 、ρ fore 。
8. The method for measuring the satellite-ground double-base sea surface two-dimensional flow field based on the orbit interference according to claim 7, wherein the sea surface two-dimensional flow field data in the area of the flow field to be measured in the step 6 is:
wherein ,
/>
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| CN117420554A (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-01-19 | 延边大学 | Foundation ATI-SAR water surface flow velocity measurement method based on arc array antenna |
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