CN116147901A - Laser nozzle detection method and laser cutting head - Google Patents

Laser nozzle detection method and laser cutting head Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116147901A
CN116147901A CN202310154523.0A CN202310154523A CN116147901A CN 116147901 A CN116147901 A CN 116147901A CN 202310154523 A CN202310154523 A CN 202310154523A CN 116147901 A CN116147901 A CN 116147901A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
air pressure
pressure value
laser
cutting head
nozzle
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Pending
Application number
CN202310154523.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
唐晔
李欣曈
陈明洁
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Shanghai Bosi Automation Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Bosi Automation Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310154523.0A priority Critical patent/CN116147901A/en
Publication of CN116147901A publication Critical patent/CN116147901A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a laser nozzle detection method and a laser cutting head, wherein the laser nozzle detection method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first air pressure value at an air inlet of a laser cutting head and a second air pressure value at an air outlet of the laser cutting head; obtaining a corresponding calibration air outlet pressure value and a calibration threshold value according to the model of a laser nozzle connected with the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value; and judging whether the absolute value of the difference value between the second air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value is smaller than a calibrated threshold value, and if so, determining that the laser nozzle meets the use requirement. The laser cutting head facilitates detection of the first air pressure value and the second air pressure value. The detection method can rapidly determine whether the laser nozzle meets the use requirement, avoids the problem that an operator easily changes the type of the nozzle by mistake during processing, also solves the problem of poor processing caused by the fact that the nozzle with the substandard size is used, can effectively and conveniently judge the type of the laser nozzle, and improves the working efficiency of laser cutting.

Description

Laser nozzle detection method and laser cutting head
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a detection method of a laser nozzle and a laser cutting head.
Background
The laser cutting technology is widely applied to the processing of metal and non-metal materials, and irradiates a workpiece by utilizing a focused laser beam to enable the irradiated workpiece material to be rapidly melted, vaporized, ablated or reach a burning point, and simultaneously, the molten substances are blown off by virtue of auxiliary air pressure, so that the workpiece is cut. In the laser cutting process, different types of nozzles are required for cutting different materials, so that when the materials are processed in a switching mode, an operator is required to manually replace the appropriate nozzles for the laser cutting head. Nozzles are generally classified by different nozzle calibers and nozzle structures, for example, nozzle structures having single-layer nozzles, double-layer nozzles, and the like.
However, the laser nozzle is one of factors affecting laser cutting, and in the process of replacing the nozzle, an operator easily changes the type of the nozzle, and moreover, imitations or inferior products of the nozzle are numerous, so that a plurality of nozzles with unqualified sizes exist on the market, and the problems of poor machining can be caused under the conditions. In view of the above, since the appearances of the nozzles of different models are very similar, it is difficult for the operator to judge whether the nozzles used are of the correct model from the appearance of the nozzles alone.
Therefore, a method for detecting a laser nozzle and a laser cutting head are needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a detection method of a laser nozzle, which solves the problem of poor machining caused by the fact that operators change the nozzle model by mistake and use the nozzle with a substandard size, and is convenient and quick to use.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of detecting a laser nozzle, the method comprising:
acquiring a first air pressure value at an air inlet of a laser cutting head and a second air pressure value at an air outlet of the laser cutting head;
obtaining a corresponding calibration air pressure value and a calibration threshold value according to the model of the laser nozzle connected with the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value;
and judging whether the absolute value of the difference value between the second air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value is smaller than the calibrated threshold value, and if so, determining that the laser nozzle meets the use requirement.
Preferably, the obtaining the corresponding calibration air outlet pressure value and the calibration threshold value according to the model of the laser nozzle connected with the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value includes:
acquiring the calibrated air inlet pressure value which is the same as the first air pressure value according to the model of the laser nozzle;
and obtaining the corresponding calibrated air pressure value according to the mapping relation between the calibrated air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value at the air outlet of the laser cutting head.
Preferably, the method further includes obtaining the corresponding calibration air pressure value and the corresponding calibration threshold according to the model of the laser nozzle connected to the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value, and further includes:
and obtaining the corresponding calibration threshold according to the mapping relation between the calibration air inlet pressure value and the calibration threshold.
Preferably, the laser nozzles of different types are different in structure and/or caliber.
Preferably, after determining that the laser nozzle meets the use requirement, the method further comprises: the laser cutting head works normally.
Preferably, if the absolute value of the difference between the second air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value is greater than or equal to the calibrated threshold, determining that the laser nozzle does not meet the use requirement.
Preferably, after determining that the laser nozzle does not meet the usage requirement, the method further comprises: alarming and stopping the laser cutting head.
Preferably, the requirements for use of the laser nozzle include whether the laser nozzle is of the correct type.
The invention also aims to provide a laser cutting head, which can detect the air pressure values of the air inlet and the air outlet by adopting the detection method of the laser nozzle, and solves the problem of poor machining caused by the fact that operators change the nozzle model by mistake and use the nozzle with a substandard size.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the laser cutting head adopts the detection method of the laser nozzle, and the laser cutting head comprises:
an airway;
the air inlet is arranged at one end of the air passage, a first air pressure sensor is arranged at the air inlet, and the first air pressure sensor is used for detecting the first air pressure value;
the air outlet is arranged at the other end of the air channel, and is provided with a second air pressure sensor which is used for detecting the second air pressure value;
and the laser nozzle is communicated with the air outlet.
Preferably, the second air pressure sensors are provided in plurality, the second air pressure sensors are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the inner side wall of the air passage, and the second air pressure value is an average value of air pressure values measured by the second air pressure sensors.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the detection method of the laser nozzle, the resistance of the internal gas channels of different nozzle types is different, so that the gas pressure distribution of the internal gas channels is different, the different nozzle types correspond to different gas pressure distributions, the corresponding calibration gas pressure value and the calibration threshold value are obtained by detecting the first gas pressure value at the gas inlet of the laser nozzle and the second gas pressure value at the gas outlet of the laser nozzle according to the type of the laser nozzle connected with the laser cutting head and the first gas pressure value, the calibration gas pressure value is used for distinguishing the laser nozzles of different types, the calibration threshold value can optimize the use of the detection method of the laser nozzle, and finally, whether the absolute value of the difference value between the second gas pressure value and the calibration gas pressure value is smaller than the calibration threshold value or not is judged, if yes, the laser nozzle is determined to meet the use requirement. The detection method of the laser nozzle can rapidly determine whether the laser nozzle meets the use requirement, avoids the problem that an operator easily changes the type of the nozzle by mistake during processing, also solves the problem of poor processing caused by the fact that the nozzle with a substandard size is used, can effectively and conveniently judge the type of the laser nozzle, improves the working efficiency of laser cutting, and reduces the waste of processing raw materials.
According to the laser cutting head provided by the invention, the detection method of the laser nozzle is adopted, and the first air pressure sensor and the second air pressure sensor are arranged, so that the first air pressure value and the second air pressure value can be detected, the use of the detection method of the laser nozzle is facilitated, the practicability of the laser cutting head is improved, and the problem of poor machining caused by the fact that an operator changes the nozzle model by mistake and uses the nozzle with a substandard size is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a laser nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cutting head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. an airway; 2. an air inlet; 21. a first air pressure sensor; 3. an air outlet; 31. and a second air pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for distinguishing between them.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a method for detecting a laser nozzle, in which an upper computer system is used to send a control command, an analog signal is sent to a proportional valve through a board card, the proportional valve provides air pressure to an air inlet of a laser cutting head according to a voltage value of the analog signal, and the voltage value is in direct proportion to an air inlet air pressure value. The air flow enters the air passage from the air inlet of the laser cutting head, flows out from the air outlet of the laser cutting head, the air outlet of the laser cutting head is connected with the nozzle, and the air flow is sprayed outwards through the air outlet end of the nozzle.
Because operators can change laser nozzles of different types according to different processing demands in the cutting processing process, the resistance of air flow when flowing is different due to the fact that the nozzles of different types are changed, and the air pressure distribution of an air channel in the laser cutting head can be changed according to the fact that the air channel is known through conservation of mechanical energy. If the nozzle model is selected incorrectly or the nozzle caliber does not reach the standard, the judgment can be carried out according to the air pressure distribution of the air passage in the laser cutting head.
The method for detecting the laser nozzle provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and acquiring a first air pressure value at an air inlet of the laser cutting head and a second air pressure value at an air outlet.
And obtaining a corresponding calibration air outlet pressure value and a calibration threshold value according to the model of the laser nozzle connected with the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value.
And judging whether the absolute value of the difference value between the second air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value is smaller than a calibrated threshold value, and if so, determining that the laser nozzle meets the use requirement.
After determining that the laser nozzle meets the use requirement, the method further comprises the following steps: the laser cutting head works normally.
And if the absolute value of the difference value between the second air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value is greater than or equal to the calibrated threshold value, determining that the laser nozzle does not meet the use requirement.
After determining that the laser nozzle does not meet the use requirement, further comprising: alarming and stopping the laser cutting head.
According to the detection method of the laser nozzle, provided by the invention, the principle of conservation of mechanical energy is utilized, the resistance of air flow passing through different nozzle types is different, the air pressure distribution in the laser cutting head is changed along with the difference, whether the laser nozzle meets the use requirement or not can be rapidly determined according to the air pressure difference between the air inlet and the air outlet, if the air pressure difference does not meet the requirement, an alarm can be given out, the laser cutting head stops working, the problem that an operator easily changes the wrong nozzle type during processing is timely avoided, the problem of poor processing caused by using a nozzle with a substandard size is also solved, the type of the laser nozzle can be effectively and conveniently judged, the working efficiency of laser cutting is improved, and the waste of processing raw materials is reduced.
In particular, the usage requirements of the laser nozzle include whether the model of the laser nozzle is correct.
In this embodiment, the caliber and/or structure of the laser nozzles of different types are different, and the caliber of the nozzle includes phi 1.0mm, phi 1.5mm, phi 2.0mm, etc., and the nozzle structure is divided into a single-layer nozzle and a double-layer nozzle. Specifically, the laser nozzles of different types can adopt label recording, for example, two-dimensional codes are sprayed on the nozzles, and the laser nozzles can be pre-stored in an upper computer system through scanning.
The detection method provided by the embodiment obtains a corresponding calibration air outlet pressure value and a calibration threshold value according to the model of the laser nozzle connected with the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, the calibrated air inlet pressure value which is the same as the first air pressure value is obtained according to the model of the laser nozzle.
And then, according to the mapping relation between the calibrated air inlet pressure value and the calibrated air outlet pressure value at the air outlet of the laser cutting head, acquiring the corresponding calibrated air outlet pressure value.
And finally, according to the mapping relation between the calibrated intake air pressure value and the calibrated threshold value, acquiring the corresponding calibrated threshold value.
Specifically, the calibrated intake air pressure value is an intake air pressure value at an air inlet of the laser cutting head, which is determined according to processing requirements. The calibrated air pressure value is an air pressure value corresponding to the calibrated air pressure value under the condition that different types of nozzles are used and the types are standard, and is an important reference control value for distinguishing the laser nozzles of different types. The calibration threshold is the maximum value which can be different between the second air pressure value and the calibration air pressure value, is a value which is set by multiple experimental measurement, and can optimize the use of the detection method of the laser nozzle.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention further provides a laser cutting head, which comprises an air passage 1, an air inlet 2, an air outlet 3 and a laser nozzle, wherein the air inlet 2 is arranged at one end of the air passage 1, a first air pressure sensor 21 is arranged at the air inlet 2, and the first air pressure sensor 21 is used for detecting a first air pressure value; the air outlet 3 is arranged at the other end of the air channel 1, the air outlet 3 is provided with a second air pressure sensor 31, and the second air pressure sensor 31 is used for detecting a second air pressure value; the laser nozzle is communicated with the air outlet 3. Specifically, the air passage is communicated with the air outlet end of the laser nozzle.
According to the laser cutting head provided by the invention, the detection method of the laser nozzle is adopted, and the first air pressure sensor and the second air pressure sensor are arranged, so that the first air pressure value and the second air pressure value can be detected, the use of the detection method of the laser nozzle is facilitated, the practicability of the laser cutting head is improved, and the problem of poor machining caused by the fact that an operator changes the nozzle model by mistake and uses the nozzle with a substandard size is solved.
The second air pressure sensors 31 are provided in plurality, the second air pressure sensors 31 are circumferentially arranged along the inner side wall of the air passage 1 at intervals, and the second air pressure value is an average value of air pressure values measured by the second air pressure sensors 31. Through the structure, the accuracy of the second air pressure value measurement is improved, and the accuracy of the detection of the method is also improved.
In order to facilitate understanding, the detection method provided in this embodiment records that the caliber of the nozzle is a variable d, the structure of the nozzle is a variable n, and the voltage value of the analog signal is a variable U, and specifically includes the following steps:
1. before machining, the nozzles with different calibers d and structures n are replaced, the calibrated air pressure values under different voltage values U are recorded, and the calibrated air pressure values are P (U, d, n) in a plurality of groups and are pre-stored in an upper computer system.
2. Setting a corresponding calibration threshold value array delta P (U, d, n) according to the array P (U, d, n), and pre-storing in an upper computer system.
3. During processing, the upper computer system is adopted to select the calibrated air pressure value P and the calibrated threshold value delta P under the corresponding variable conditions corresponding to the caliber d, the structure n and the adopted voltage value U of the current nozzle.
4. A second air pressure value P' of the nozzle at the time of processing is measured.
5. And calculating the difference between P and P 'by adopting an upper computer system, and if the absolute value of P-P' is smaller than the absolute value of delta P, conforming to the use requirement of the nozzle. If the I P-P' I is not less than delta P, the nozzle does not meet the use requirement.
6. If the nozzle meets the use requirement, the laser cutting head works normally. If the nozzle does not meet the use requirement, the upper computer system alarms, and the laser cutting head stops working.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided for clarity of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. The detection method of the laser nozzle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a first air pressure value at an air inlet of a laser cutting head and a second air pressure value at an air outlet of the laser cutting head;
obtaining a corresponding calibration air pressure value and a calibration threshold value according to the model of the laser nozzle connected with the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value;
and judging whether the absolute value of the difference value between the second air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value is smaller than the calibrated threshold value, and if so, determining that the laser nozzle meets the use requirement.
2. The method for detecting a laser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the corresponding calibration air pressure value and the calibration threshold value according to the model of the laser nozzle connected to the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value includes:
acquiring the calibrated air inlet pressure value which is the same as the first air pressure value according to the model of the laser nozzle;
and obtaining the corresponding calibrated air pressure value according to the mapping relation between the calibrated air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value at the air outlet of the laser cutting head.
3. The method for detecting a laser nozzle according to claim 2, wherein the obtaining the corresponding calibration air pressure value and the calibration threshold value according to the model of the laser nozzle connected to the laser cutting head and the first air pressure value further comprises:
and obtaining the corresponding calibration threshold according to the mapping relation between the calibration air inlet pressure value and the calibration threshold.
4. The method for detecting a laser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the laser nozzles of different types are different in structure and/or caliber.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after determining that the laser nozzle meets the use requirement: the laser cutting head works normally.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein if the absolute value of the difference between the second air pressure value and the calibrated air pressure value is greater than or equal to the calibrated threshold, determining that the laser nozzle does not meet the use requirement.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising, after determining that the laser nozzle does not meet the usage requirement: alarming and stopping the laser cutting head.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the usage requirement of the laser nozzle includes whether the model of the laser nozzle is correct.
9. A laser cutting head employing the method of detecting a laser nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the laser cutting head comprises:
an airway (1);
the air inlet (2) is formed in one end of the air passage (1), a first air pressure sensor (21) is arranged at the air inlet (2), and the first air pressure sensor (21) is used for detecting the first air pressure value;
the air outlet (3) is arranged at the other end of the air passage (1), the air outlet (3) is provided with a second air pressure sensor (31), and the second air pressure sensor (31) is used for detecting the second air pressure value;
and the laser nozzle is communicated with the air outlet (3).
10. The laser cutting head according to claim 9, wherein the second air pressure sensor (31) is provided in plurality, the plurality of second air pressure sensors (31) are circumferentially spaced along the inner side wall of the air passage (1), and the second air pressure value is an average value of air pressure values measured by the plurality of second air pressure sensors (31).
CN202310154523.0A 2023-02-23 2023-02-23 Laser nozzle detection method and laser cutting head Pending CN116147901A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310154523.0A CN116147901A (en) 2023-02-23 2023-02-23 Laser nozzle detection method and laser cutting head

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310154523.0A CN116147901A (en) 2023-02-23 2023-02-23 Laser nozzle detection method and laser cutting head

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116147901A true CN116147901A (en) 2023-05-23

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ID=86354090

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310154523.0A Pending CN116147901A (en) 2023-02-23 2023-02-23 Laser nozzle detection method and laser cutting head

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116147901A (en)

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