CN116147716A - System and method for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel automobile based on constant volume dilution - Google Patents

System and method for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel automobile based on constant volume dilution Download PDF

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CN116147716A
CN116147716A CN202310209163.XA CN202310209163A CN116147716A CN 116147716 A CN116147716 A CN 116147716A CN 202310209163 A CN202310209163 A CN 202310209163A CN 116147716 A CN116147716 A CN 116147716A
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王欣
王崇尧
李若楠
张孟珠
王怀宇
谭建伟
郝利君
葛蕴珊
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen leakage detection of hydrogen fuel automobiles, and discloses a system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel automobiles based on constant volume dilution, which comprises a heat preservation cabin body used for constructing a closed space, wherein the heat preservation cabin body is connected with an air inlet fan, a sunlight simulation system, an adjusting air bag, a constant volume dilution channel, an inflatable sealing ring and a gate; the constant volume dilution channel is connected with an exhaust valve, a hydrogen concentration analyzer, a venturi flowmeter and an exhaust fan; the invention sucks the mixture in the closed space into the constant volume dilution channel, detects the current leaked hydrogen volume in the constant volume dilution channel, and multiplies the volume and the density into the leaked hydrogen mass; the detected mass of leaked hydrogen is then integrated to obtain the mass of all leaked hydrogen. The invention continuously detects the quality of hydrogen leakage of the hydrogen fuel automobile based on the constant volume dilution method, has high accuracy in detection, has no intentional requirement on the position where the automobile is placed, and has good repeatability in detection.

Description

基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统及方法System and method for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles based on constant volume dilution

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏检测技术领域，具体为一种基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen leakage detection of hydrogen fuel vehicles, and in particular to a system and method for continuous detection of hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles based on constant volume dilution.

背景技术Background Art

随着科学技术的发展，环境问题成为各行各业重点关注的问题之一，在汽车行业，新能源汽车逐渐在日常生活中被广泛应用，例如氢燃料汽车。氢燃料汽车是以35MPa或70MPa的压力将氢气存储于储氢装置中。由于氢气分子小、密度小、扩散能力强，渗透和氢淬作用强，所以极易发生泄漏；而且氢气还具有易燃、易爆等特性。因此，在高压存储的共同作用下，氢气泄漏成了氢燃料汽车的重大安全隐患。为了避免这一隐患，在现行的氢燃料汽车安全技术标准中，提出了基于氢气浓度的密闭空间内氢气泄漏试验要求；但该基于浓度的检测具有两个核心不足：With the development of science and technology, environmental issues have become one of the key issues of concern in all walks of life. In the automotive industry, new energy vehicles are gradually being widely used in daily life, such as hydrogen fuel vehicles. Hydrogen fuel vehicles store hydrogen in hydrogen storage devices at a pressure of 35MPa or 70MPa. Due to the small size of hydrogen molecules, low density, strong diffusion ability, strong penetration and hydrogen quenching, it is very easy to leak; and hydrogen is also flammable and explosive. Therefore, under the combined effect of high-pressure storage, hydrogen leakage has become a major safety hazard for hydrogen fuel vehicles. In order to avoid this hidden danger, the current hydrogen fuel vehicle safety technical standards propose hydrogen leakage test requirements in confined spaces based on hydrogen concentration; but this concentration-based detection has two core deficiencies:

1)发生泄漏后，垂直方向上存在氢浓度梯度，可能导致对泄漏浓度的低估，即检测的准确性差；1) After a leak occurs, there is a hydrogen concentration gradient in the vertical direction, which may lead to an underestimation of the leak concentration, i.e., poor detection accuracy;

2)氢传感器的浓度读数受到密闭空间尺寸、车辆尺寸和传感器安装位置(检测时车辆的位置)的影响，使得该方法存在不确定性和重复性较差。2) The concentration reading of the hydrogen sensor is affected by the size of the confined space, the size of the vehicle and the sensor installation position (the position of the vehicle during detection), which makes this method uncertain and has poor repeatability.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明意在提供一种基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统及方法，在排气风机的带动下，密闭空间内部含有的已泄漏氢气和空气的混合物经由定容稀释通道处，其流量由文丘里流量计内部的临界文丘里管控制在设计恒定值，通过连续检测稀释通道内的氢气浓度，然后通过积分计算出已泄漏的氢气体积，与修正到测试条件下的氢气密度相乘，得到氢气泄漏质量。以解决现有技术对氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏量基于浓度的检测方法，检测准确性差、存在不确定性和重复性较差的问题。The present invention is intended to provide a system and method for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage in hydrogen fuel vehicles based on constant volume dilution. Driven by the exhaust fan, the mixture of leaked hydrogen and air contained in the enclosed space passes through the constant volume dilution channel, and its flow rate is controlled at a designed constant value by the critical venturi tube inside the venturi flowmeter. The hydrogen concentration in the dilution channel is continuously detected, and then the volume of leaked hydrogen is calculated by integration, and multiplied by the hydrogen density corrected to the test conditions to obtain the hydrogen leakage mass. This solves the problem that the existing method for detecting hydrogen leakage in hydrogen fuel vehicles based on concentration has poor detection accuracy, uncertainty and poor repeatability.

为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统，包括用于构建密闭空间的保温舱体，所述保温舱体连接有进气风机、阳光模拟系统和调节气囊；所述进气风机带有过滤装置，所述进气风机与所述保温舱体之间连接有控制气体进入所述密闭空间的进气阀；所述阳光模拟系统设于所述密闭空间的顶部，用于模拟车辆停放于室外时的光照情况；所述调节气囊用于调节其在所述密闭空间内的体积，以保持所述密闭空间内的气压保持稳定；所述保温舱体还连通有定容稀释通道，所述定容稀释通道的一端设于所述密闭空间的内侧，所述定容稀释通道的另一端连接有排气风机；所述排气风机用于排出所述密闭空间内已泄漏氢气和空气的混合物；所述定容稀释通道还连接有排气阀、氢气浓度分析仪和文丘里流量计，所述排气阀用于控制气体排出所述密闭空间；所述文丘里流量计设于所述排气阀和所述排气风机之间，所述文丘里流量计根据检测到的大气压力和温度，对通过其内侧的气体流量进行修正，并将修正后的实时气体流量以1Hz频率输出；所述氢气浓度分析仪设于所述排气阀和所述文丘里流量计之间，所述氢气浓度分析仪用于检测所述定容稀释通道内的氢气体积分数，所述保温舱体还转动连接有开启或关闭所述密闭空间的闸门。The system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles based on constant volume dilution comprises an insulated cabin for constructing a closed space, wherein the insulated cabin is connected to an intake fan, a sunlight simulation system and an adjusting airbag; the intake fan is provided with a filter device, and an intake valve for controlling the gas to enter the closed space is connected between the intake fan and the insulated cabin; the sunlight simulation system is arranged at the top of the closed space and is used to simulate the lighting conditions when the vehicle is parked outdoors; the adjusting airbag is used to adjust its volume in the closed space to keep the air pressure in the closed space stable; the insulated cabin is also connected to a constant volume dilution channel, one end of which is arranged on the inner side of the closed space, and the other end of which is connected to an exhaust fan ; The exhaust fan is used to exhaust the leaked mixture of hydrogen and air in the confined space; the constant volume dilution channel is also connected to an exhaust valve, a hydrogen concentration analyzer and a venturi flowmeter, and the exhaust valve is used to control the gas to be discharged from the confined space; the venturi flowmeter is arranged between the exhaust valve and the exhaust fan, and the venturi flowmeter corrects the gas flow passing through its inner side according to the detected atmospheric pressure and temperature, and outputs the corrected real-time gas flow at a frequency of 1 Hz; the hydrogen concentration analyzer is arranged between the exhaust valve and the venturi flowmeter, and the hydrogen concentration analyzer is used to detect the hydrogen gas volume fraction in the constant volume dilution channel, and the thermal insulation cabin is also rotatably connected to a gate for opening or closing the confined space.

进一步地，所述保温舱体还连接有用于车辆进出所述闸门缝隙处密封的充气式密封圈；当车辆需要进出时，所述充气式密封圈内部不充气，以便于所述闸门的开启和关闭；当车辆进入所述密闭空间且完成内部吹扫后，所述充气式密封圈内部充气，以避免所述密闭空间内气体泄漏。Furthermore, the thermal insulation cabin is also connected to an inflatable sealing ring for sealing the gap of the gate when the vehicle enters or exits; when the vehicle needs to enter or exit, the inside of the inflatable sealing ring is not inflated to facilitate the opening and closing of the gate; when the vehicle enters the enclosed space and completes the internal purge, the inside of the inflatable sealing ring is inflated to prevent gas leakage in the enclosed space.

进一步地，所述保温舱体包括温度控制和热交换器，所述保温舱体的内部带有以水为工质的换热管道，使得所述保温舱体的本体和所述密闭空间内的温度控制在测试温度的许可误差范围内；所述保温舱体的内部为经过表面抛光的铝板或不锈钢板，以降低氢气在所述密闭空间内表面上的吸附。Furthermore, the thermal insulation cabin includes a temperature control and a heat exchanger, and the interior of the thermal insulation cabin is provided with a heat exchange pipe with water as the working fluid, so that the temperature of the main body of the thermal insulation cabin and the temperature in the enclosed space are controlled within the allowable error range of the test temperature; the interior of the thermal insulation cabin is a polished aluminum plate or stainless steel plate to reduce the adsorption of hydrogen on the inner surface of the enclosed space.

进一步地，所述过滤装置为HEPA高效颗粒物过滤滤芯，以去除吹扫气中的颗粒物，防止颗粒物在所述进气阀处累积。Furthermore, the filtering device is a HEPA high-efficiency particulate filter element to remove particulate matter in the purge gas and prevent particulate matter from accumulating at the air intake valve.

进一步地，所述文丘里流量计为一个临界文丘里管或由多个临界文丘里管周向排布所组成的阵列；在所述排气风机的抽吸作用下，所述密闭空间内的气体以当地声速流过所述临界文丘里管的喉口处，由于喉口处的截流面积是确定的，使得所述临界文丘里管和所述定容稀释通道内的气体流量是基本恒定的，仅随大气压力和温度略有波动，而且该波动的影响在试验结束后读取流量计结果时进行修正补偿。Furthermore, the Venturi flowmeter is a critical Venturi tube or an array composed of multiple critical Venturi tubes arranged circumferentially; under the suction action of the exhaust fan, the gas in the enclosed space flows through the throat of the critical Venturi tube at the local sound speed. Since the cross-sectional area at the throat is fixed, the gas flow in the critical Venturi tube and the constant volume dilution channel is basically constant, and only fluctuates slightly with atmospheric pressure and temperature, and the influence of the fluctuation is corrected and compensated when reading the flow meter results after the test.

进一步地，所述调节气囊由特氟龙材料制成，其充气管与气泵连接；当所述密闭空间内的气压由于温度上升而升高时，气泵向所述调节气囊的外侧抽气，减小体积；当所述密闭空间内的气压由于温度下降而降低时，气泵向所述调节气囊的内侧充气，增大体积，以保持所述密闭空间内的气压稳定。Furthermore, the regulating airbag is made of Teflon material, and its inflation tube is connected to an air pump; when the air pressure in the enclosed space increases due to rising temperature, the air pump draws air toward the outside of the regulating airbag to reduce its volume; when the air pressure in the enclosed space decreases due to falling temperature, the air pump inflates air toward the inside of the regulating airbag to increase its volume, so as to keep the air pressure in the enclosed space stable.

利用上述的基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统检测氢气泄露的方法，包括以下步骤：The method for detecting hydrogen leakage using the above-mentioned system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles based on constant volume dilution comprises the following steps:

S1、打开闸门，将车辆置于保温舱体构建的密闭空间内，然后关闭闸门；S1. Open the gate, place the vehicle in the enclosed space constructed by the thermal insulation cabin, and then close the gate;

S2、打开进气阀，开启进气风机，吹扫密闭空间内的空气；吹扫完毕后，关闭进气风机和进气阀，向充气式密封圈内部充气，使其膨胀后将闸门与保温舱体之间的缝隙填充满，以避免密闭空间内气体从此处泄漏；S2. Open the air inlet valve and start the air inlet fan to purge the air in the enclosed space. After the purge is completed, close the air inlet fan and the air inlet valve, and inflate the inflatable sealing ring to fill the gap between the gate and the insulation cabin after it expands, so as to prevent the gas in the enclosed space from leaking from this place.

S3、启动保温舱体内的热交换器和阳光模拟系统，将密闭空间内的温度调整至测试温度的允许误差范围内；启动气泵对调节气囊的体积进行调节，将密闭空间内的压力调整至标准大气压；S3, start the heat exchanger and sunlight simulation system in the thermal insulation cabin to adjust the temperature in the enclosed space to within the allowable error range of the test temperature; start the air pump to adjust the volume of the regulating airbag to adjust the pressure in the enclosed space to the standard atmospheric pressure;

S4、车辆在密闭空间内静置12h以上，开始泄漏试验；S4. The vehicle is left stationary in a confined space for more than 12 hours and then the leakage test is started;

S5、泄漏试验时间期满后，打开排气阀，启动排气风机；再打开进气阀，将密闭空间内的气体排出；其中，在启动排气风机的同时，以1s/次的频率读取文丘里流量计和氢气浓度分析仪的示数并记录，直至氢气浓度分析仪的示数连续10s为0时，停止记录；S5. After the leakage test time expires, open the exhaust valve and start the exhaust fan; then open the air inlet valve to exhaust the gas in the confined space; while starting the exhaust fan, read and record the readings of the Venturi flowmeter and the hydrogen concentration analyzer at a frequency of 1s/time until the reading of the hydrogen concentration analyzer is 0 for 10 consecutive seconds, then stop recording;

S6、基于氢气泄漏质量定量方法计算氢气的泄漏量，具体计算式为：S6. Calculate the amount of hydrogen leakage based on the hydrogen leakage mass quantitative method. The specific calculation formula is:

Figure BDA0004111980560000031
Figure BDA0004111980560000031

式中，

Figure BDA0004111980560000032
为密闭空间内氢气泄漏质量g，
Figure BDA0004111980560000033
为修正至测试温度条件下的氢气密度kg/m3，
Figure BDA0004111980560000041
为流经文丘里流量计的气体流速m3/s，
Figure BDA0004111980560000042
为氢气浓度分析仪检测到的稀释通道内氢气体积分数10-6。In the formula,
Figure BDA0004111980560000032
is the mass of hydrogen leaked in the confined space, g,
Figure BDA0004111980560000033
To correct to the hydrogen density kg/m 3 under the test temperature conditions,
Figure BDA0004111980560000041
is the gas flow rate through the Venturi flowmeter m 3 /s,
Figure BDA0004111980560000042
It is the hydrogen gas volume fraction 10 -6 in the dilution channel detected by the hydrogen concentration analyzer.

技术方案的原理及有益效果是：The principle and beneficial effects of the technical solution are:

本发明将密闭空间内已泄漏氢气与空气的混合物以基本恒定流量被排气风机吸入定容稀释通道，在通道内检测到的气体流量和氢气体积分数的乘积为当前时刻检测到的已泄漏氢气体积，由于定容稀释通道内的气体温度与密闭空间内相同且均为定值，使得氢气的密度为定值，其与已泄漏氢气体积的乘积为当前时刻检测到的已泄漏氢气质量；而当氢气浓度分析仪检测到的氢气体积分数连续10s以上为0时，表示密闭空间内已经没有氢气残余；此时，对已检测到的已泄漏氢气质量进行积分，可获得密闭空间内全部已泄漏氢气的质量；由于定容稀释通道内的气体流量和氢气体积分数均是以1Hz的频率进行检测，因此该积分值可由记录的全部逐秒已泄漏氢气质量叠加近似求解。本发明基于定容稀释的方法连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的质量，检测得到的准确度高，对于放置车辆的位置没有刻意要求，检测的重复性好。The present invention causes the mixture of leaked hydrogen and air in the confined space to be sucked into the constant volume dilution channel by the exhaust fan at a substantially constant flow rate. The product of the gas flow rate detected in the channel and the hydrogen gas integral fraction is the volume of leaked hydrogen detected at the current moment. Since the gas temperature in the constant volume dilution channel is the same as that in the confined space and is a constant value, the density of hydrogen is a constant value, and the product of the hydrogen gas density and the volume of leaked hydrogen is the mass of leaked hydrogen detected at the current moment. When the hydrogen gas integral fraction detected by the hydrogen concentration analyzer is 0 for more than 10 seconds in a row, it indicates that there is no hydrogen residue in the confined space. At this time, the mass of leaked hydrogen detected is integrated to obtain the mass of all leaked hydrogen in the confined space. Since the gas flow rate and the hydrogen gas integral fraction in the constant volume dilution channel are both detected at a frequency of 1 Hz, the integral value can be approximately solved by superimposing all the recorded mass of leaked hydrogen every second. The present invention continuously detects the mass of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen fuel vehicles based on the constant volume dilution method, and the detection accuracy is high. There is no deliberate requirement for the location of the vehicle, and the detection repeatability is good.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明将车辆设于基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统内测量氢气泄露的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in which a vehicle is placed in a system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of a hydrogen fuel vehicle based on constant volume dilution to measure hydrogen leakage;

附图中的对应标记的名称为：The names of the corresponding marks in the accompanying drawings are:

进气风机1、进气阀2、保温舱体3、充气式密封圈4、排气风机5、氢气浓度分析仪6、闸门7、阳光模拟系统8、文丘里流量计9、排气阀10、定容稀释通道11、调节气囊12、车辆13。Intake fan 1, intake valve 2, thermal insulation cabin 3, inflatable sealing ring 4, exhaust fan 5, hydrogen concentration analyzer 6, gate 7, sunlight simulation system 8, Venturi flowmeter 9, exhaust valve 10, constant volume dilution channel 11, regulating airbag 12, vehicle 13.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明：The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

如图1所示，基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统，包括用于构建密闭空间的保温舱体3，保温舱体3包括温度控制和热交换器，保温舱体3的内部带有以水为工质的换热管道，使得保温舱体3的本体和密闭空间内的温度控制在测试温度的许可误差范围内，保温舱体3的内部为经过表面抛光的铝板或不锈钢板，以降低氢气在密闭空间内表面上的吸附；保温舱体3连接有进气风机1、阳光模拟系统8和调节气囊12；进气风机1设于密闭空间的左侧壁，进气风机1与保温舱体3之间连接有控制气体进入密闭空间的进气阀2，进气风机1带有过滤装置，过滤装置为HEPA高效颗粒物过滤滤芯，以去除吹扫气中的颗粒物，防止颗粒物在进气阀2处累积；阳光模拟系统8和调节气囊12均设于密闭空间的顶部，阳光模拟系统8用于模拟车辆13停放于室外时的光照情况；调节气囊12由特氟龙材料制成，其充气管与气泵连接；当密闭空间内的气压由于温度上升而升高时，气泵向调节气囊12的外侧抽气，减小体积；当密闭空间内的气压由于温度下降而降低时，气泵向调节气囊12的内侧充气，增大体积，以保持密闭空间内的气压稳定；保温舱体3还连通有定容稀释通道11，定容稀释通道11的上端设于密闭空间的内侧，定容稀释通道11的下端连接有排气风机5；排气风机5用于排出密闭空间内已泄漏氢气和空气的混合物；定容稀释通道11还连接有排气阀10、氢气浓度分析仪6和文丘里流量计9，排气阀10用于控制气体排出所述密闭空间；文丘里流量计9设于排气阀10和排气风机5之间，文丘里流量计9为多个临界文丘里管周向排布所组成的阵列，在排气风机5的抽吸作用下，密闭空间内的气体以当地声速流过临界文丘里管的喉口处，由于该喉口处的截流面积是确定的，使得临界文丘里管和定容稀释通道11内的气体流量是基本恒定的，仅随大气压力和温度略有波动，文丘里流量计9根据检测到的大气压力和温度，对通过其内侧的气体流量进行修正，并将修正后的实时气体流量以1Hz频率输出；氢气浓度分析仪6设于排气阀10和文丘里流量计9之间，氢气浓度分析仪6用于检测定容稀释通道11内的氢气体积分数；保温舱体3转动连接有开启或关闭所述密闭空间的闸门7；保温舱体3还连接有用于车辆13进出闸门7缝隙处密封的充气式密封圈4；当车辆13需要进出时，充气式密封圈4内部不充气，以便于闸门7的开启和关闭；当车辆13进入密闭空间且完成内部吹扫后，充气式密封圈4内部充气，以避免密闭空间内气体泄漏。As shown in FIG1 , a system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles based on constant volume dilution includes an insulated cabin 3 for constructing a closed space. The insulated cabin 3 includes a temperature control and a heat exchanger. The interior of the insulated cabin 3 is provided with a heat exchange pipe with water as the working medium, so that the temperature of the main body of the insulated cabin 3 and the closed space is controlled within the allowable error range of the test temperature. The interior of the insulated cabin 3 is a polished aluminum plate or a stainless steel plate to reduce the adsorption of hydrogen on the inner surface of the closed space; the insulated cabin 3 is connected to an intake fan 1, a sunlight simulation system 8 and an adjustment airbag 12; the intake fan 1 is arranged on the left side wall of the closed space, and an intake valve 2 for controlling the gas to enter the closed space is connected between the intake fan 1 and the insulated cabin 3. The intake fan 1 is provided with a filtering device. The filter The device is a HEPA high-efficiency particle filter element to remove particles in the purge gas and prevent particles from accumulating at the air intake valve 2; the sunlight simulation system 8 and the regulating airbag 12 are both arranged at the top of the enclosed space, and the sunlight simulation system 8 is used to simulate the lighting conditions when the vehicle 13 is parked outdoors; the regulating airbag 12 is made of Teflon material, and its inflation tube is connected to the air pump; when the air pressure in the enclosed space increases due to rising temperature, the air pump draws air to the outside of the regulating airbag 12 to reduce the volume; when the air pressure in the enclosed space decreases due to falling temperature, the air pump inflates the inside of the regulating airbag 12 to increase the volume to keep the air pressure in the enclosed space stable; the thermal insulation cabin 3 is also connected to a constant volume dilution channel 11, and the upper end of the constant volume dilution channel 11 is arranged on the inner side of the enclosed space, The lower end of the constant volume dilution channel 11 is connected to an exhaust fan 5; the exhaust fan 5 is used to discharge the mixture of leaked hydrogen and air in the confined space; the constant volume dilution channel 11 is also connected to an exhaust valve 10, a hydrogen concentration analyzer 6 and a venturi flowmeter 9, the exhaust valve 10 is used to control the gas to be discharged from the confined space; the venturi flowmeter 9 is arranged between the exhaust valve 10 and the exhaust fan 5, and the venturi flowmeter 9 is an array composed of a plurality of critical venturi tubes arranged circumferentially. Under the suction action of the exhaust fan 5, the gas in the confined space flows through the throat of the critical venturi tube at the local sound speed. Since the cross-sectional area at the throat is determined, the gas flow in the critical venturi tube and the constant volume dilution channel 11 is basically constant, and only fluctuates slightly with the atmospheric pressure and temperature. The venturi flowmeter 9 corrects the gas flow passing through its inner side according to the detected atmospheric pressure and temperature, and outputs the corrected real-time gas flow at a frequency of 1 Hz; the hydrogen concentration analyzer 6 is arranged between the exhaust valve 10 and the venturi flowmeter 9, and the hydrogen concentration analyzer 6 is used to detect the hydrogen gas volume fraction in the constant volume dilution channel 11; the thermal insulation cabin 3 is rotatably connected to a gate 7 for opening or closing the enclosed space; the thermal insulation cabin 3 is also connected to an inflatable sealing ring 4 for sealing the gap at the gate 7 for vehicles 13 to enter and exit; when the vehicle 13 needs to enter and exit, the inflatable sealing ring 4 is not inflated inside to facilitate the opening and closing of the gate 7; when the vehicle 13 enters the enclosed space and completes the internal purge, the inflatable sealing ring 4 is inflated inside to avoid gas leakage in the enclosed space.

利用上述基于定容稀释连续检测氢燃料汽车氢气泄漏的系统检测氢气泄露的方法，包括以下步骤：The method for detecting hydrogen leakage using the above-mentioned system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel vehicles based on constant volume dilution comprises the following steps:

S1、打开闸门7，将车辆13置于保温舱体3构建的密闭空间内，然后关闭闸门7；S1, open the gate 7, place the vehicle 13 in the enclosed space constructed by the thermal insulation cabin 3, and then close the gate 7;

S2、打开进气阀2，开启进气风机1，吹扫密闭空间内的空气；吹扫完毕后，关闭进气风机1和进气阀2，向充气式密封圈4内部充气，使其膨胀后将闸门7与保温舱体3之间的缝隙填充满，以避免密闭空间内气体从此处泄漏；S2, open the air inlet valve 2, start the air inlet fan 1, and purge the air in the enclosed space; after the purge is completed, close the air inlet fan 1 and the air inlet valve 2, and inflate the inflatable sealing ring 4 so that it expands and fills the gap between the gate 7 and the insulation cabin 3 to prevent the gas in the enclosed space from leaking from here;

S3、启动保温舱体3内的热交换器和阳光模拟系统8，将密闭空间内的温度调整至测试温度的允许误差范围内；启动气泵对调节气囊12的体积进行调节，将密闭空间内的压力调整至标准大气压；S3, start the heat exchanger and the sunlight simulation system 8 in the heat preservation cabin 3, adjust the temperature in the enclosed space to within the allowable error range of the test temperature; start the air pump to adjust the volume of the regulating airbag 12, and adjust the pressure in the enclosed space to the standard atmospheric pressure;

S4、车辆13在密闭空间内静置12h以上，开始泄漏试验；S4, the vehicle 13 is left in the confined space for more than 12 hours, and the leakage test is started;

S5、泄漏试验时间期满后，打开排气阀10，启动排气风机5；再打开进气阀2，将密闭空间内的气体排出；其中，在启动排气风机5的同时，以1s/次的频率读取文丘里流量计9和氢气浓度分析仪6的示数并记录，直至氢气浓度分析仪6的示数连续10s为0时，停止记录；S5. After the leakage test time expires, open the exhaust valve 10 and start the exhaust fan 5; then open the air inlet valve 2 to discharge the gas in the confined space; while starting the exhaust fan 5, read and record the readings of the venturi flowmeter 9 and the hydrogen concentration analyzer 6 at a frequency of 1s/time until the reading of the hydrogen concentration analyzer 6 is 0 for 10 consecutive seconds, then stop recording;

S6、基于氢气泄漏质量定量方法计算氢气的泄漏量，具体计算式为：S6. Calculate the amount of hydrogen leakage based on the hydrogen leakage mass quantitative method. The specific calculation formula is:

Figure BDA0004111980560000061
Figure BDA0004111980560000061

式中，

Figure BDA0004111980560000062
为密闭空间内氢气泄漏质量g，
Figure BDA0004111980560000063
为修正至测试温度条件下的氢气密度kg/m3，
Figure BDA0004111980560000064
为流经文丘里流量计9的气体流速m3/s，
Figure BDA0004111980560000065
为氢气浓度分析仪6检测到的稀释通道内氢气体积分数10-6。In the formula,
Figure BDA0004111980560000062
is the mass of hydrogen leaked in the confined space, g,
Figure BDA0004111980560000063
To correct to the hydrogen density kg/m 3 under the test temperature conditions,
Figure BDA0004111980560000064
is the gas flow rate through the Venturi flowmeter 9 m 3 /s,
Figure BDA0004111980560000065
is the hydrogen gas integral fraction 10 −6 in the dilution channel detected by the hydrogen concentration analyzer 6 .

以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例，方案中公知的具体技术方案或特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术方案的前提下，还可以作出若干变形和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准，说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. System based on constant volume dilution continuous detection hydrogen fuel car hydrogen leakage, its characterized in that: the solar energy heat-insulation system comprises a heat-insulation cabin body used for constructing a closed space, wherein the heat-insulation cabin body is connected with an air inlet fan, a sunlight simulation system and an adjusting air bag; the air inlet fan is provided with a filtering device, and an air inlet valve for controlling air to enter the closed space is connected between the air inlet fan and the heat preservation cabin body; the sunlight simulation system is arranged at the top of the closed space and is used for simulating the illumination condition when the vehicle is parked outdoors; the adjusting air bag is used for adjusting the volume of the adjusting air bag in the closed space so as to keep the air pressure in the closed space stable; the heat preservation cabin body is also communicated with a constant volume dilution channel, one end of the constant volume dilution channel is arranged on the inner side of the closed space, and the other end of the constant volume dilution channel is connected with an exhaust fan; the exhaust fan is used for exhausting the mixture of leaked hydrogen and air in the closed space; the constant volume dilution channel is also connected with an exhaust valve, a hydrogen concentration analyzer and a venturi flowmeter, and the exhaust valve is used for controlling gas to be discharged out of the closed space; the venturi flowmeter is arranged between the exhaust valve and the exhaust fan, corrects the gas flow passing through the inner side of the venturi flowmeter according to the detected atmospheric pressure and temperature, and outputs the corrected real-time gas flow at the frequency of 1 Hz; the hydrogen concentration analyzer is arranged between the exhaust valve and the venturi flowmeter, and is used for detecting the hydrogen volume fraction in the constant volume dilution channel, and the heat preservation cabin body is also rotationally connected with a gate for opening or closing the closed space.
2. The system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of a hydrogen fuelled automobile based on constant volume dilution as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the heat-insulating cabin body is also connected with an inflatable sealing ring for sealing the gap between the vehicle entering and exiting the gate; when a vehicle needs to go in and out, the interior of the inflatable sealing ring is not inflated, so that the gate is opened and closed conveniently; when a vehicle enters the closed space and internal purging is completed, the inflatable sealing ring is inflated to avoid gas leakage in the closed space.
3. The system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of a hydrogen fuelled automobile based on constant volume dilution as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the heat-preserving cabin body comprises a temperature control and heat exchanger, and a heat exchange pipeline taking water as a working medium is arranged in the heat-preserving cabin body, so that the temperature in the body of the heat-preserving cabin body and the closed space is controlled within an allowable error range of the test temperature; the inside of the heat preservation cabin body is an aluminum plate or a stainless steel plate with polished surfaces so as to reduce the adsorption of hydrogen on the inner surface of the closed space.
4. The system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of a hydrogen fuelled automobile based on constant volume dilution as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the filter device is a HEPA efficient particulate matter filter element so as to remove particulate matters in the purge gas and prevent the particulate matters from accumulating at the air inlet valve.
5. The system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of a hydrogen fuelled automobile based on volumetric dilution as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the venturi flowmeter is a critical venturi tube or an array formed by circumferentially arranging a plurality of critical venturi tubes; under the suction effect of the exhaust fan, the gas in the closed space flows through the throat of the critical venturi tube at a local sound speed, and the flow rates of the gas in the critical venturi tube and the constant-volume dilution channel are basically constant due to the fact that the interception area at the throat is determined, the gas flow rates only slightly fluctuate with the atmospheric pressure and the temperature, and the influence of the fluctuation is corrected and compensated when the flow meter result is read after the test is finished.
6. The system for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of a hydrogen fuelled automobile based on volumetric dilution as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the adjusting air bag is made of Teflon materials, and an air charging pipe of the adjusting air bag is connected with the air pump; when the air pressure in the closed space rises due to the rising of the temperature, the air pump pumps air to the outer side of the adjusting air bag, so that the volume is reduced; when the air pressure in the closed space is reduced due to the temperature decrease, the air pump inflates the inner side of the adjusting air bag, and the volume is increased so as to keep the air pressure in the closed space stable.
7. A method for detecting hydrogen gas leakage using the constant volume dilution based continuous hydrogen gas leakage detection system for hydrogen fuel automobiles as defined in claim 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, opening a gate, placing a vehicle in a closed space constructed by a thermal insulation cabin, and then closing the gate;
s2, opening an air inlet valve, opening an air inlet fan, and purging air in the closed space; after purging, closing the air inlet fan and the air inlet valve, and inflating the inflatable sealing ring to fill the gap between the gate and the heat-preserving cabin body after the inflatable sealing ring is inflated so as to avoid leakage of air in the closed space from the gap;
s3, starting a heat exchanger and a sunlight simulation system in the heat preservation cabin body, and adjusting the temperature in the closed space to be within an allowable error range of the test temperature; starting an air pump to adjust the volume of the adjusting air bag, and adjusting the pressure in the closed space to the standard atmospheric pressure;
s4, standing the vehicle in the closed space for more than 12 hours, and starting a leakage test;
s5, after the leakage test time expires, opening an exhaust valve, and starting an exhaust fan; then opening the air inlet valve to exhaust the air in the closed space; reading and recording the readings of the Venturi flowmeter and the hydrogen concentration analyzer at the frequency of 1 s/time while starting the exhaust fan until the continuous 10s of the readings of the hydrogen concentration analyzer is 0, and stopping recording;
s6, calculating the leakage quantity of the hydrogen based on a hydrogen leakage quality quantitative method, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0004111980550000031
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure FDA0004111980550000032
is the leakage mass g of hydrogen in the closed space>
Figure FDA0004111980550000033
To correct the hydrogen density kg/m to the test temperature conditions 3 ，
Figure FDA0004111980550000034
For the flow rate m of the gas flowing through the venturi meter 3 /s，
Figure FDA0004111980550000035
Volume fraction of hydrogen in dilution passage detected by hydrogen concentration analyzer 10 -6 。/>
CN202310209163.XA 2023-03-07 2023-03-07 System and method for continuously detecting hydrogen leakage of hydrogen fuel automobile based on constant volume dilution Pending CN116147716A (en)

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