CN116147357B - Comprehensive heat energy recovery system and method for metallurgical kiln - Google Patents
Comprehensive heat energy recovery system and method for metallurgical kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN116147357B CN116147357B CN202211325952.1A CN202211325952A CN116147357B CN 116147357 B CN116147357 B CN 116147357B CN 202211325952 A CN202211325952 A CN 202211325952A CN 116147357 B CN116147357 B CN 116147357B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The application provides a comprehensive heat energy recovery system and method for a metallurgical kiln, comprising a kiln body, a slag inlet arranged at the top end of the kiln body, an air quenching spray nozzle arranged at the slag inlet, a cooling air inlet arranged below the kiln body, a slag guide plate and a slag outlet arranged at the bottom end of the kiln body, a fluidized bed arranged at the slag outlet, a large-caliber air outlet arranged at one side of the upper part of the kiln body, a guide fan arranged at the large-caliber air outlet, a large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity connected outside the large-caliber air outlet, a plate-shaped gas filter arranged in the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity, a cyclone separator connected at the outlet of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity and a low-temperature enrichment system. By utilizing the consideration of negative pressure, temperature difference, heat exchange structure design and the like, the granulating effect and heat exchange efficiency are improved, and heat transition loss is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal smelting, further belongs to the technical field of heat energy recovery in metallurgical kilns, and particularly relates to a comprehensive heat energy recovery system and method for a metallurgical kiln.
Background
The main energy-consuming equipment for nonferrous metal smelting is a metallurgical kiln, and in the kiln used in the industrial departments of metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials and the like, a large amount of invalid heat is often expended in the production process, including sensible heat of slag, waste heat of flue gas, cooling water for heat dissipation and the like, wherein the sensible heat of slag and the waste heat of flue gas take away the lost heat to the greatest extent.
The flue gas waste heat recovery and utilization mode mainly comprises the steps of producing hot water by a waste heat boiler or recovering waste heat by steam, preheating by heat exchange, recovering waste heat by an economizer, recovering waste heat by heat pipe waste heat transmission, and the like;
the sensible heat recovery and utilization modes of the slag mainly comprise a physical recovery method (sensible heat recovery by an air quenching method and the like), a chemical recovery method (thermochemical products produced at high temperature and the like) and production gas.
More slag waste heat recovery methods, such as using slag waste heat for conventional endothermic chemical reactions by japanese scientific staff, and developing double-drum waste heat recovery equipment by NKK corporation; agarwal g. In the united states, et al, produced CaO-rich glass ceramics from slag; goktasA a from western europe to produce transparent glass and colored glass ceramics from scrap iron and steel slag; yang Hua and the like in China directly produce energy-saving building materials by utilizing industrial slag, and Liu Hongxiong proposes a process for producing coal gas by utilizing sensible heat of blast furnace slag based on granulating the slag.
However, the above methods are specifically designed according to respective production environments and social requirements, and have the specificity, so that the methods cannot be applied to different enterprises, and the technology is difficult to transfer.
The technical difficulties particularly critical include:
in the slag air quenching method, the granulating effect of slag has higher performance requirements on granulating equipment, in particular to requirements on wind speed, wind quantity and the like, and the effect is difficult to be improved in a small quantity and multiple times, so that the upgrading cost is too high, and the method is not friendly to part of production lines.
The dust-containing air flow formed after the slag is air quenched is often separated and treated by a cyclone separator, but the slag cavity is larger, the inlet pipeline of the cyclone separator is smaller, the high-temperature air flow is required to be collected and then sent into the cyclone separator, the temperature resistance requirement on a collecting area is extremely high, the equipment damage rate is high, and the loss of heat energy at the collecting area is also higher.
The temperature of the slag is usually 1300-1600 ℃, the heat energy obtained in each step is low after heat exchange in a plurality of steps, and is difficult to be utilized separately or uniformly, the slag is often used for workshop hot water supply or raw material preheating, the utilization mode is single, the actual energy-saving effect is general, and a system for enriching and utilizing waste heat in nonferrous metal smelting is lacking at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application aims to provide a comprehensive heat recovery system from the standpoint of comprehensive heat recovery, and further improves the slag waste heat recovery mode with higher difficulty, so that on one hand, the slag granulating effect is improved, on the other hand, the heat recovery effect of sensible heat of slag is improved, and meanwhile, the low-temperature waste heat of heat energy in the system is enriched, so that the problem that the low-temperature waste heat is difficult to utilize is solved.
The design and conception of the application are as follows: aiming at controlling the granulating effect of the air quenching slag, the temperature of the gas provided by a high-pressure nozzle for the air quenching is relatively high, the temperature of the secondary cooling air flow for the air quenching is relatively low, and the formed temperature difference is utilized to improve the condensing effect of slag liquid; meanwhile, the air quenching furnace body is designed into a large cavity capable of pumping negative pressure, an intermittent working method is adopted, after the air quenching furnace body is pumped into a designed negative pressure environment, a batch of air quenching treatment is carried out, as slag is instantaneously blown into the low pressure environment, the air quenching furnace body can also be puffed to form a porous form, secondary cooling air flow can be fully contacted with the slag, the cooling and heat exchanging efficiency is improved, intermittent working is carried out, the puffing effect is ensured, and the friendly degree of the air quenching furnace body on a low-price reconstruction production line is higher; for the cooling and dedusting operation of the high-temperature dust-containing air flow, the plate-shaped air filter is utilized, the vortex structure in the plate-shaped air filter is utilized, dust particles are lowered under the action of centrifugal force, high-temperature air is led out along with gaps, the heat exchange efficiency is higher due to the larger contact area with the plate-shaped air filter, the air speed is reduced, and the subsequent connection into the cyclone separator is facilitated; for the collective use of the temperatures of each stage, the heat energy is enriched by the heat pump technology and then is used for various states.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: the comprehensive heat energy recovery system of the metallurgical kiln comprises a kiln body, a slag inlet arranged at the top end of the kiln body, an air quenching spray nozzle arranged at the slag inlet, a cooling air inlet arranged below the kiln body, a slag guide plate and a slag outlet arranged at the bottom end of the kiln body, a fluidized bed arranged at the slag outlet, a large-caliber air outlet arranged at one side of the upper part of the kiln body, a guide fan arranged at the large-caliber air outlet, a large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity connected outside the large-caliber air outlet, a plate-shaped gas filter arranged in the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity, a cyclone separator connected to the outlet of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity and a low-temperature enrichment system;
the furnace body is configured as a furnace body capable of forming a negative pressure environment in a suction way, an air pressure sensor is arranged in the furnace body, a slag inlet, a slag outlet and a cooling air inlet of the furnace body are all provided with electric control switch doors capable of being opened and closed, and the diversion fan is a power component for forming negative pressure;
the air inlet pipeline of the air quenching spray head is externally connected with the atmosphere, and one part of the air inlet pipeline of the air quenching spray head is wound on the wall of the slag inlet pipe to heat the air quenching air flow;
the air inlet pipeline of the cooling air inlet is externally connected with the atmosphere, and the outer wall of the air inlet is wrapped with the heat insulation layer, so that the cooling air inlet discharges cooling air, and the temperature of the cooling air is 100-200 ℃ different from the temperature of the air quenching air flow;
the lowest point of the large-caliber air outlet is configured as follows: the furnace slag is impacted and crushed by the air quenching nozzle to form a furnace slag parabolic travel;
the air pressure sensor, the flow guide fan and the electric control switch doors are controlled by the controller, so that the opening and closing of the electric control switch doors are intermittently controlled according to the air pressure value acquired by the air pressure sensor to ensure that the negative pressure value in the furnace body is maintained in a set range.
Based on the above, the cooling air inlets are arranged in rows, the cooling air inlets are positioned at the lower rear side of the slag parabolic stroke, and the horizontal component of the cooling air provided by the cooling air inlets is the same as the horizontal component provided by the air quenching nozzle.
Basically, the diameter of the flow guiding fan is equal to the diameter of the large-caliber air outlet, and the diameter of the large-caliber air outlet is equal to the diameter of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity.
The plate-shaped gas filter comprises a plurality of filter plates which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, a gas flow passage is formed between two adjacent filter plates, the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the gas flow passage are respectively provided with a flow guide part, the middle section of the gas flow passage is provided with a continuous vortex part, the filter plates are metal plates, and a heat exchange refrigerant flow passage is arranged in each filter plate.
The cooling water is introduced into the heat exchange refrigerant flow passage of the plate-shaped gas filter, and the heat exchange refrigerant flow passage of the plate-shaped gas filter is externally connected with a cooling water pipeline and a circulating pump.
The bottom of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity is provided with a solid collecting bin and a discharge outlet, the air outlet end of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity is connected with the cyclone separator through a pipeline, and a slag outlet at the bottom of the cyclone separator, the discharge outlet at the bottom of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity and a pipeline of the fluidized bed slag discharge outlet are all connected with a slag discharge conveyer belt.
Based on the above, the low temperature enrichment system includes heat collection storehouse and heat pump unit, the heat collection storehouse includes liquid and converges bin and gaseous conflux bin, heat pump unit's thermal-collecting pipeline passes in proper order liquid converges bin and gaseous conflux bin in, cyclone's gas vent intercommunication gaseous conflux bin, platy gas filter's cooling water pipeline and fluidized bed's heat exchange pipeline intercommunication liquid converges bin.
The comprehensive heat energy recovery method of the metallurgical kiln comprises the comprehensive heat energy recovery system of the metallurgical kiln, and is implemented through the following steps:
air quenching to form porous slag small particles: intermittently discharging slag into a furnace body through a slag inlet, performing air quenching at an air quenching nozzle to form high-temperature primary small particles, wherein the primary small particles contain more liquid slag drops, when encountering low-temperature cooling air, the high-temperature primary small particles are subjected to opposite flushing of high-low-temperature air flow to generate a rapid cooling phenomenon, and meanwhile, after entering a low-pressure environment in a furnace chamber from a front-end high-pressure environment, the primary small particles are subjected to puffing while condensing to cause a porous structure and perform accelerated heat exchange with the cooling air due to pressure suddenly dropping; the formed slag enters the fluidized bed from a slag outlet at the bottom end of the furnace body, and after heat exchange is carried out by the fluidized bed, the slag is discharged into a slag discharging conveyor belt, and the temperature is taken away by a heat exchange pipeline of the fluidized bed and enters a heat collection bin;
control and intermittent operation of the pressure in the furnace body: in the depressurization process of the furnace body, the controller controls each electric control switch door to be closed, then controls the diversion fan to run at a high speed, and when the interior of the furnace body reaches a required negative pressure value according to feedback of the air pressure sensor, firstly, opens the electric control switch door of the slag inlet to enable slag to flow into the furnace body, synchronously opens the air quenching spray head, then opens the rest electric control switch doors for 8-10 seconds, and performs the air quenching process, and the intermittent circulation operation is performed in sequence;
the heat exchange process of the plate-shaped gas filter comprises the following steps: the dust-containing air flow in the furnace body enters a large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity through a flow guide fan, the air flow uniformly enters a gas flow channel of a plate-shaped gas filter, particles are separated under the centrifugal force and gravity action of a vortex part and fall into a solid collecting bin, the particles are discharged into a slag conveying belt from a discharge port, a part of the temperature is taken away by a heat exchange refrigerant arranged in a filter plate, and the rest air flow is led out from an air outlet end of the plate-shaped gas filter and enters a heat collecting bin;
cyclone separation process: the residual air flow is more easily collected into the cyclone separator due to the speed reduction and temperature reduction of the plate-shaped air filter, residual particles are discharged into the slag conveying belt from the bottom discharge port of the cyclone separator, and the air flow is discharged into the heat collection bin from the top discharge port;
the heat collection and utilization process comprises the following steps: the heat pump unit absorbs and collects the temperature in the heat bin, and the temperature is raised by the heat pump unit, enters a load link and is sequentially distributed and used.
Based on the above, the load end of the heat pump unit is connected with the hot water system, the raw material preheating pipeline and the steam power generation assembly.
Compared with the prior art, the application has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and in particular, the application has the following advantages:
1. the air temperature of the air quenching spray nozzle is treated to be as high as possible, the slag is crushed by only utilizing the impact effect of high-speed air, and the aim of maintaining the temperature is to prevent too much cold energy from being contacted when the slag is not decomposed, so that the slag is prevented from being agglomerated too early and the volume is too large, which is a great problem which cannot be solved by the current air quenching technology; the cooling capacity is mainly provided by a cooling air inlet at the rear lower part, the cooling air inlet is externally connected with the atmosphere, the air blower is used for providing the environment temperature, the gas scale is several times of the gas scale of the air quenching nozzle, the process of high-temperature and low-temperature opposite flushing mainly occurs after the air quenching impact is finished, namely, the condensation process mainly occurs after the impact is finished, and smaller condensation particles can be formed. According to the application, the temperature control of the air quenching process is separated from the impact process, so that the air quenching granulating effect can be optimized.
2. The furnace body is designed into a negative pressure environment, and because the furnace slag is subjected to negative pressure in a very short time after being air quenched and granulated, the liquid furnace slag can be puffed and loses temperature under the action of pressure difference in the negative pressure environment, the furnace slag is easy to form a porous structure in the puffing process, heat exchange can be fully carried out by contacting with cooling air, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; the creation of the negative pressure environment requires intermittent movement, so that the process is performed in an intermittent manner by controlling each electric control switch door, the heat exchange efficiency is improved in a low quantity, and the transformation means has lower cost compared with high-performance air quenching granulating equipment for a small production line.
3. Because wind takes away a large amount of heat in the wind quenching process, in order to solve the problem that the equipment is easy to be damaged due to the fact that high hot wind is directly led into the cyclone separator in the prior art, heat energy is seriously gathered at the collecting position of the pipeline, a set of specially designed plate-shaped air filter is additionally arranged between the cyclone separators, and a heat exchange refrigerant pipeline is buried in the plate-shaped air filter, so that the air flow can be slowed down and purified through the plate-shaped air filter, heat exchange can be performed, and the volume of the plate-shaped air filter is rectangular, the contact surface is positive, and the heat exchange efficiency is high.
4. The waste heat is collected through a plurality of steps, the temperature of the collected waste heat is different and relatively low, and the single utilization efficiency is low, so that the low-temperature enrichment system is designed, the heat pump technology is utilized to collect and uniformly utilize the heat energy, the system can be used for heating hot water, utilizing the raw materials or generating electricity by steam, and the full utilization of the heat energy is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a metallurgical furnace integrated heat energy recovery system in accordance with the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the plate-shaped gas filter of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the inside of the furnace body in the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat pump unit.
In the figure: 1. a furnace body; 2. a slag inlet; 3. a wind quenching spray head; 4. a cooling air inlet; 5. slag guide plates; 6. a slag outlet; 7. a fluidized bed; 8. a large-caliber air outlet; 9. a diversion fan; 10. a large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity; 11. a plate-like gas filter; 12. a cyclone separator; 13. a low temperature enrichment system; 14. an air pressure sensor; 15. an electric control switch door; 16. an air inlet pipeline; 17. a deslagging conveying belt; 18. slag.
101. A solids collection bin; 102. a discharge port;
111. a filter plate; 112. a diversion channel; 113. a flow guiding part; 114. a swirl part; 115. a heat exchange refrigerant flow passage;
121. a slag outlet at the bottom end of the cyclone separator; 122. an exhaust port of the cyclone separator;
131. a liquid collection chamber; 132. a heat pump unit; 133. a gas converging bin;
71. a fluidized bed slag discharge port; 72. a heat exchange pipeline of the fluidized bed.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail through the following specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the comprehensive heat energy recovery system of the metallurgical kiln comprises a kiln body 1, a slag inlet 2 arranged at the top end of the kiln body 1, an air quenching spray head 3 arranged at the slag inlet 2, a cooling air inlet 4 arranged below the kiln body 1, a slag guide plate 5 and a slag outlet 6 arranged at the bottom end of the kiln body 1, a fluidized bed 7 arranged at the slag outlet 6, a large-caliber air outlet 8 arranged at one side of the upper part of the kiln body 1, a diversion blower 9 arranged at the large-caliber air outlet 8, a large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity 10 connected outside the large-caliber air outlet 8, a plate-shaped gas filter 11 arranged in the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity, a cyclone separator 12 connected to the outlet of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity 10 and a low-temperature enrichment system 13.
The furnace body 1 is configured as the furnace body that can suck and form the negative pressure environment, set up air pressure sensor 14 in the furnace body, but furnace body 1's slag entry 2, slag outlet 6 and cooling air import 4 all set up the automatically controlled switch door 15 that can open and close, water conservancy diversion fan 9 is the power component that forms the negative pressure, the diameter of water conservancy diversion fan 9 with the diameter of heavy-calibre air outlet 8 equals, the diameter of heavy-calibre air outlet 8 with the diameter of major diameter separation heat transfer chamber 10 equals.
In the process of forming negative pressure, each electric control door switch 15 is closed, the air guide fan 9 maintains the air speed or increases the air speed to form a negative pressure environment to a certain extent, and the negative pressure environment can generate puffing in the process of instantly cooling slag drops, so that the porosity is increased, the contact between the slag drops and cold air is more efficient, and the heat dissipation is better.
The air inlet pipeline 16 of the air quenching spray head 3 is externally connected with the atmosphere, and one part of the air inlet pipeline 16 of the air quenching spray head 3 is wound on the wall of the slag inlet pipeline to heat the air quenching air flow, so that the air quenching spray head sprays high-temperature air flow to perform air quenching impact on the slag, liquid slag is dispersed, cold air is not involved at this time, the liquid slag is easily condensed due to the fact that the cold air is easy to cause condensation and impact to occur simultaneously, and the problem of overlarge condensation is easy to occur.
The air inlet pipeline of the cooling air inlet 4 is externally connected with atmosphere, the outer wall of the cooling air inlet is wrapped with a thermal insulation layer, so that the cooling air inlet discharges cooling air, the temperature of the cooling air is 100-200 ℃ different from that of the air quenching air flow, the cooling air inlets 4 are arranged in a row, the cooling air inlets 4 are positioned at the lower rear side of the slag parabolic stroke, the horizontal component of the cooling air provided by the cooling air inlets 4 is the same as the horizontal component provided by the air quenching nozzle, and the purpose of the cooling air cooling device is to enable the cooling air to be introduced after the slag drops are dispersed by high-temperature air quenching impact, so that the slag drops are cooled in a suspending process, and smaller particles are formed.
The process is critical, compared with the traditional cooling air direct wind quenching, the high temperature and the low temperature are distinguished, the high temperature is used for impact, the low temperature is used for cooling, the coagulation phenomenon is not easy to occur in the impact process, and the formed particles are unbalanced.
The lowest point of the large-caliber air outlet 8 is configured as follows: the reason why the design of the large-caliber air outlet 8 is relatively large is that the dust-containing gas after air quenching has extremely high temperature above the parabolic travel of the slag formed by the impact and crushing of the air quenching nozzle is that in the traditional scheme, the air flow is sent to the next working procedure through a pipeline, but the process that the dust-containing gas with extremely high temperature gathers at the pipeline is easy to cause the problem that the temperature is highly accumulated to cause danger, the requirement on equipment safety is extremely high, the heat conducting capacity of the area to the outside is enhanced, the heat energy loss is increased at the place, so that the design of the air outlet with enough large size enables the dust-containing high temperature air flow to enter the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity 10 relatively stably, and the high-temperature gathering is avoided.
The air pressure sensor, the flow guide fan and the electric control switch doors are controlled by the controller, so that the opening and closing of the electric control switch doors are intermittently controlled according to the air pressure value acquired by the air pressure sensor to ensure that the negative pressure value in the furnace body is maintained in a set range.
As shown in fig. 2, the plate-shaped gas filter 11 includes a plurality of filter plates 111 arranged in parallel at equal intervals, a gas flow passage 112 is formed between two adjacent filter plates, a flow guiding part 113 is respectively arranged at an air inlet end and an air outlet end of the gas flow passage, a continuous vortex part 114 is arranged at a middle section of the gas flow passage, the filter plates are metal plates, a heat exchange refrigerant flow passage 115 is arranged in each filter plate, cooling water is introduced into the heat exchange refrigerant flow passage 115 of the plate-shaped gas filter 11, and the heat exchange refrigerant flow passage 115 of the plate-shaped gas filter 11 is externally connected with a cooling water pipeline and a circulating pump.
The bottom of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity 10 is provided with a solid collecting bin 101 and a discharge outlet 102, the air outlet end of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity 10 is connected with the cyclone separator 12 through a pipeline, and a slag outlet 121 at the bottom of the cyclone separator, the discharge outlet 102 at the bottom of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity and a pipeline of the fluidized bed slag discharge outlet 71 are all connected with a slag discharge conveyer belt 17.
As shown in fig. 4, the low-temperature enrichment system 13 includes a heat collection bin and a heat pump unit 132, the heat collection bin includes a liquid converging bin 131 and a gas converging bin 133, a heat collection pipe of the heat pump unit 132 sequentially passes through the liquid converging bin 131 and the gas converging bin 133, an exhaust port 122 of the cyclone separator is communicated with the gas converging bin, and a cooling pipe of the plate-shaped gas filter is communicated with the liquid converging bin 131 by a heat exchange pipe 72 of the fluidized bed.
Workflow and principle:
air quenching to form porous slag small particles: the slag 18 is intermittently discharged into the furnace body 1 through the slag inlet 2, and is air quenched at the air quenching nozzle 3 to form high-temperature primary small particles, wherein the primary small particles contain more liquid slag drops, when the high-temperature primary small particles are subjected to low-temperature cooling air after being formed, the high-low-temperature air flow is opposite to the high-low-temperature air flow to generate a rapid cooling phenomenon, and meanwhile, after the primary small particles enter a low-pressure environment in the furnace chamber from a front-end high-pressure environment, the primary small particles are expanded while being condensed due to pressure dip, so that a porous structure is formed and heat exchange with the cooling air is accelerated; the formed slag 18 enters the fluidized bed 7 from the slag outlet 6 at the bottom end of the furnace body, and after heat exchange is carried out by the fluidized bed 7, the slag is discharged into the slag discharging conveyor 17, and the temperature is taken away by the heat exchange pipeline 72 of the fluidized bed and enters the heat collection bin.
Control and intermittent operation of the pressure in the furnace body: in the depressurization process of the furnace body 1, the controller controls each electric control switch door 15 to be closed, then controls the diversion fan 9 to run at a high speed, and according to the feedback of the air pressure sensor 14, when the interior of the furnace body 1 reaches a required negative pressure value, the electric control switch door of the slag inlet is firstly opened, so that slag flows into the furnace body, the air quenching spray nozzle is synchronously opened, and then the rest electric control switch doors are opened for 8-10 seconds to perform the air quenching process, and the intermittent circulation operation is sequentially performed.
The heat exchange process of the plate-shaped gas filter comprises the following steps: the dust-containing air flow in the furnace body 1 enters the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity 10 through the flow guide fan 9, the air flow uniformly enters the air flow channel of the plate-shaped air filter 11, particles are separated under the centrifugal force and gravity action of the vortex part 114 and fall into the solid collecting bin 101, the particles are discharged into the slag conveying belt 17 from the discharge port 102, a part of the temperature is taken away by the heat exchange refrigerant arranged in the filter plate, and the rest air flow is guided out from the air outlet end of the plate-shaped air filter 11 and enters the heat collecting bin.
Cyclone separation process: the residual air flow is more easily collected into the cyclone 12 due to the speed reduction and temperature reduction of the plate-shaped air filter 11, the residual particles are discharged into the slag conveyor belt from the bottom outlet of the cyclone 12, and the air flow is discharged into the heat collection bin from the top outlet.
The heat collection and utilization process comprises the following steps: the heat pump unit absorbs and collects the temperature in the heat bin, the temperature is raised by the heat pump, the heat pump unit enters a load link and is sequentially used according to distribution, and the load end of the heat pump unit is connected with the hot water system, the raw material preheating pipeline and the steam power generation assembly.
Finally, it should be noted that while the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present patent.
Claims (9)
1. A metallurgical kiln comprehensive heat energy recovery system is characterized in that: the device comprises a furnace body, a slag inlet arranged at the top end of the furnace body, an air quenching spray head arranged at the slag inlet, a cooling air inlet arranged below the furnace body, a slag guide plate and a slag outlet arranged at the bottom end of the furnace body, a fluidized bed arranged at the slag outlet, a large-caliber air outlet arranged at one side of the upper part of the furnace body, a diversion fan arranged at the large-caliber air outlet, a large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity connected outside the large-caliber air outlet, a plate-shaped gas filter arranged in the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity, a cyclone separator connected to the outlet of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity and a low-temperature enrichment system;
the furnace body is configured as a furnace body capable of forming a negative pressure environment in a suction way, an air pressure sensor is arranged in the furnace body, a slag inlet, a slag outlet and a cooling air inlet of the furnace body are all provided with electric control switch doors capable of being opened and closed, and the diversion fan is a power component for forming negative pressure;
the air inlet pipeline of the air quenching spray head is externally connected with the atmosphere, and one part of the air inlet pipeline of the air quenching spray head is wound on the wall of the slag inlet pipe to heat the air quenching air flow;
the air inlet pipeline of the cooling air inlet is externally connected with the atmosphere, and the outer wall of the air inlet is wrapped with the heat insulation layer, so that the cooling air inlet discharges cooling air, and the temperature of the cooling air is 100-200 ℃ different from the temperature of the air quenching air flow;
the lowest point of the large-caliber air outlet is configured as follows: the furnace slag is impacted and crushed by the air quenching nozzle to form a furnace slag parabolic travel;
the air pressure sensor, the flow guide fan and the electric control switch doors are controlled by the controller, so that the opening and closing of the electric control switch doors are intermittently controlled according to the air pressure value acquired by the air pressure sensor to ensure that the negative pressure value in the furnace body is maintained in a set range.
2. The metallurgical furnace integrated heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein: the cooling air inlets are arranged in rows, the cooling air inlets are positioned at the lower rear side of the slag parabolic journey, and the horizontal component of the cooling air provided by the cooling air inlets is the same as the horizontal component provided by the air quenching nozzle.
3. The metallurgical furnace integrated heat recovery system of claim 2, wherein: the diameter of the flow guiding fan is equal to that of the large-caliber air outlet, and the diameter of the large-caliber air outlet is equal to that of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity.
4. A metallurgical furnace integrated heat recovery system according to claim 3, wherein: the plate-shaped gas filter comprises a plurality of filter plates which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, a gas flow passage is formed between two adjacent filter plates, the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the gas flow passage are respectively provided with a flow guide part, the middle section of the gas flow passage is provided with a continuous vortex part, the filter plates are metal plates, and heat exchange refrigerant flow passages are arranged in the filter plates.
5. The metallurgical furnace integrated heat recovery system of claim 4, wherein: cooling water is introduced into the heat exchange refrigerant flow passage of the plate-shaped gas filter, and the heat exchange refrigerant flow passage of the plate-shaped gas filter is externally connected with a cooling water pipeline and a circulating pump.
6. The metallurgical furnace integrated heat recovery system of claim 5, wherein: the bottom of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity is provided with a solid collecting bin and a discharge outlet, the air outlet end of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity is connected with the cyclone separator through a pipeline, and a slag outlet at the bottom of the cyclone separator, the discharge outlet at the bottom of the large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity and a pipeline of a fluidized bed slag discharge outlet are all connected with a slag discharge conveyer belt.
7. The metallurgical furnace integrated heat recovery system of claim 5, wherein: the low-temperature enrichment system comprises a heat collection bin and a heat pump unit, wherein the heat collection bin comprises a liquid converging bin and a gas converging bin, a heat collection pipeline of the heat pump unit sequentially penetrates through the liquid converging bin and the gas converging bin, an exhaust port of the cyclone separator is communicated with the gas converging bin, and a cooling pipeline of the plate-shaped gas filter is communicated with a heat exchange pipeline of the fluidized bed.
8. A metallurgical kiln comprehensive heat energy recovery method is characterized in that: a metallurgical furnace integrated heat energy recovery system comprising any one of claims 1-7, performed by:
air quenching to form porous slag small particles: intermittently discharging slag into a furnace body through a slag inlet, performing air quenching at an air quenching nozzle to form high-temperature primary small particles, wherein the primary small particles contain more liquid slag drops, when encountering low-temperature cooling air, the high-temperature primary small particles are subjected to opposite flushing of high-low-temperature air flow to generate a rapid cooling phenomenon, and meanwhile, after entering a low-pressure environment in a furnace chamber from a front-end high-pressure environment, the primary small particles are subjected to puffing while condensing to cause a porous structure and perform accelerated heat exchange with the cooling air due to pressure suddenly dropping; the formed slag enters the fluidized bed from a slag outlet at the bottom end of the furnace body, and after heat exchange is carried out by the fluidized bed, the slag is discharged into a slag discharging conveyor belt, and the temperature is taken away by a heat exchange pipeline of the fluidized bed and enters a heat collection bin;
control and intermittent operation of the pressure in the furnace body: in the depressurization process of the furnace body, the controller controls each electric control switch door to be closed, then controls the diversion fan to run at a high speed, and when the interior of the furnace body reaches a required negative pressure value according to feedback of the air pressure sensor, firstly, opens the electric control switch door of the slag inlet to enable slag to flow into the furnace body, synchronously opens the air quenching spray head, then opens the rest electric control switch doors for 8-10 seconds, and performs the air quenching process, and the intermittent circulation operation is performed in sequence;
the heat exchange process of the plate-shaped gas filter comprises the following steps: the dust-containing air flow in the furnace body enters a large-diameter separation heat exchange cavity through a flow guide fan, the air flow uniformly enters a gas flow channel of a plate-shaped gas filter, particles are separated under the centrifugal force and gravity action of a vortex part and fall into a solid collecting bin, the particles are discharged into a slag conveying belt from a discharge port, a part of the temperature is taken away by a heat exchange refrigerant arranged in a filter plate, and the rest air flow is led out from an air outlet end of the plate-shaped gas filter and enters a heat collecting bin;
cyclone separation process: the residual air flow is more easily collected into the cyclone separator due to the speed reduction and temperature reduction of the plate-shaped air filter, residual particles are discharged into the slag conveying belt from the bottom discharge port of the cyclone separator, and the air flow is discharged into the heat collection bin from the top discharge port;
the heat collection and utilization process comprises the following steps: the heat pump unit absorbs and collects the temperature in the heat bin, and the temperature is raised by the heat pump unit, enters a load link and is sequentially distributed and used.
9. The metallurgical furnace integrated heat energy recovery method of claim 8, wherein: and the load end of the heat pump unit is connected with a hot water system, a raw material preheating pipeline and a steam power generation assembly.
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| GB201406412D0 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-05-21 | Foremost Innovation Ltd | A method and system for heat recovery from high-temperature slag |
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| CN111996315A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-11-27 | 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 | Waste heat recovery device for molten slag |
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| GB201406412D0 (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-05-21 | Foremost Innovation Ltd | A method and system for heat recovery from high-temperature slag |
| CN106636502A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-10 | 湖南思为能源环保工程有限公司 | Waste heat recovery device for high-temperature slag wind quenching granulation fluidized bed boiler |
| CN107990740A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-05-04 | 北京科技大学 | The equipment that blast furnace slag wind quenching granulated particles waste heat for supplying is utilized based on flash evaporation technology |
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