CN116145056A - Forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts - Google Patents
Forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN116145056A CN116145056A CN202310141692.0A CN202310141692A CN116145056A CN 116145056 A CN116145056 A CN 116145056A CN 202310141692 A CN202310141692 A CN 202310141692A CN 116145056 A CN116145056 A CN 116145056A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a forming method of an aluminum alloy disc part, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials. The invention combines deformation and heat treatment, effectively combines solid solution strengthening, deformation strengthening and precipitation strengthening, breaks the way of improving the strength of aluminum alloy only by the limit of precipitation strengthening, simultaneously combines cold and hot deformation, reasonably distributes deformation of thermal deformation and cold deformation, can effectively avoid the defects of overhigh yield ratio after cold deformation and obvious cold work hardening effect, can ensure plasticity while improving the strength of aluminum alloy, thereby improving the toughness and comprehensive mechanical property of aluminum alloy discs and improving the service performance of the aluminum alloy discs.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts.
Background
The 6061 aluminum alloy is an Al-Mg-Si heat-treatable strengthening type medium-strength aluminum alloy, is the most main pressure processing alloy in the deformed aluminum alloy, has excellent welding performance, better corrosion resistance, moderate strength and good formability, and is widely applied to various fields of engine cylinder heads, conveying pipelines, various forgings, die forgings and the like, and is a main material of an automobile hub. With the development of the times, the toughness of the aluminum alloy disc parts for bearing parts is greatly improved.
At present, an upsetting rough cake and a die forging forming process are generally adopted to prepare aluminum alloy disc forgings, but the process is uneven in deformation and large in deformation dead zone, and the structure in an original bar is not easy to deform in the upsetting cake process so as to influence the mechanical property of the die forgings, so that the process is complex and tedious; and the heat treatment process of direct solution quenching after the deformation of the 6xxx aluminum alloy is adopted, the strengthening mechanism mainly forms supersaturated solute atoms in the solution and quenching processes, and the second phase strengthening is precipitated in the aging process, so that the mode of solution treatment after large deformation is easy to lead the crystal grains to grow up, the fine grain strengthening effect is influenced, and the toughness of the 6xxx aluminum alloy plastic is deteriorated and the strength is reduced. Moreover, the method is limited by the limited solid solubility of the alloy element in the aluminum matrix, and the strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved only to a limited extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts, which can improve the strength of aluminum alloy and ensure the toughness and the comprehensive performance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out solution treatment on the blank corresponding to the aluminum alloy to obtain a first reinforced blank;
carrying out first axial closed rolling forming on the first reinforced blank under the heating condition to obtain a second reinforced blank;
carrying out pre-ageing treatment on the second reinforced blank to obtain a third reinforced blank;
performing second axial closed rolling forming on the third reinforced blank at room temperature to obtain a fourth reinforced blank;
and (3) aging the fourth reinforced blank to obtain the aluminum alloy disc piece.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy is a 6xxx series aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the temperature of the solution treatment is 510-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours.
Preferably, the temperature of the heating condition is 510-530 ℃.
Preferably, the deformation of the first axial closed rolling forming is 20-80%.
Preferably, the conditions of the first axial closed rolling forming include: the pressing speed of the rotary forging is 2-8 mm/s, the rotating speed of the blank is 30-60 r/min, and the inclination angle of the rotary forging is 5-8 degrees.
Preferably, when the first axial closed rolling forming is carried out, the height-diameter ratio of the blank is less than or equal to 1.5.
Preferably, the temperature of the pre-ageing treatment is 175-185 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60min.
Preferably, the deformation of the second axial closed rolling forming is 20-80%.
Preferably, the aging treatment temperature is 175-185 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5h.
The invention provides a forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts, which comprises the steps of carrying out axial closed rolling forming (thermal deformation) after solution treatment, carrying out pre-ageing treatment, carrying out axial closed rolling forming (cold deformation) at room temperature again, finally carrying out ageing treatment, raising the storage energy in the aluminum alloy through thermal deformation, gradually weakening the critical shear stress of the alloy, enabling different sliding systems to be more active, enabling dislocation to climb easily, accelerating the softening of materials, thereby improving the plasticity of the alloy.
According to the invention, part of the strengthening phase can be separated out through the pre-ageing treatment, high-density dislocation can be formed during cold deformation, and more nucleation positions are provided, so that the strength of the aluminum alloy disc piece is improved.
The invention combines the axial closed rolling technology with the heat treatment, adopts the deformation technology of cold and hot combination, ensures the toughness while improving the strength of the aluminum alloy, has good comprehensive performance, and can realize the preparation of industrial large-size 6xxx series aluminum alloy discs; the invention adopts a pressing axial closed rolling process, has uniform deformation and avoids complex and fussy process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of forming an aluminum alloy disc of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an axially closed rolling process of the present invention, wherein 1-blank; 2-upper die; 3-lower die;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the core structure of an original cylindrical aluminum alloy billet;
FIG. 4 is a drawing of the texture of the edge portion of the original cylindrical aluminum alloy blank;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure diagram of an aluminum alloy sample after deformation in example 1;
fig. 6 is a room temperature stretch profile of different 6061 aluminum alloy specimens of example 1, comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a forming method of an aluminum alloy disc, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out solution treatment on the blank corresponding to the aluminum alloy to obtain a first reinforced blank;
carrying out first axial closed rolling forming on the first reinforced blank under the heating condition to obtain a second reinforced blank;
carrying out pre-ageing treatment on the second reinforced blank to obtain a third reinforced blank;
performing second axial closed rolling forming on the third reinforced blank at room temperature to obtain a fourth reinforced blank;
and (3) aging the fourth reinforced blank to obtain the aluminum alloy disc piece.
In the present invention, the desired materials or equipment are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless specified otherwise.
The method comprises the step of carrying out solution treatment on blanks corresponding to aluminum alloy to obtain first reinforced blanks.
In the present invention, the aluminum alloy is preferably a 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy, and the specific type and specification of the 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy are not particularly limited, and any of the aluminum alloys of this series, which are well known in the art, may be used; in an embodiment of the invention, 6061 aluminum alloy is particularly used.
The blank corresponding to the aluminum alloy is not particularly limited, and the blank is obtained by a method well known in the art; the size of the blank is not particularly limited, and the blank can be adjusted according to actual requirements; in the embodiment of the invention, the sample is in particular a cylindrical sample, the diameter is 40-200 mm, and the height is 30-300 mm.
In the present invention, the temperature of the solution treatment is preferably 510 to 530 ℃, more preferably 520 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 3 hours; the solution treatment is preferably performed in a heating furnace, and the heating furnace is not particularly limited, and may be any corresponding apparatus known in the art. The invention realizes solid solution strengthening through solid solution treatment, so that more solute elements are dissolved in the aluminum matrix.
After the first reinforced blank is obtained, the first reinforced blank is subjected to first axial closed rolling forming under the heating condition to obtain a second reinforced blank.
In the present invention, before the first axial closed rolling forming, the present invention preferably performs a deformation tool and debugging: and (3) aligning the center point of the rotary forging with the center point of the upper surface of the blank, tilting the rotary forging so that the rotary forging surface is attached to the upper surface of the blank, rotating the blank around the axis of the center point of the upper surface, and applying downward pressure on the blank along the axial direction by the rotary forging.
The axial closed rolling processing schematic diagram of the invention is shown in fig. 2, and in fig. 2, a blank is 1-blank; 2-upper die; 3-lower die. The blank is preferably transferred to the lower die 3, placed into a groove of the lower die for fixing, the blank is smeared with lubricant, the lower die is connected with the rotary driving mechanism, after the positions of the blank and the upper die are fixed, the upper die starts to feed downwards axially, and the lower die starts to rotate for first axial closed rolling forming.
In the present invention, the temperature of the heating condition is preferably 510 to 530 ℃ (i.e., the preheating temperature), more preferably 520 ℃.
In the present invention, the deformation amount of the first axial closed rolling forming is preferably 20 to 80%, more preferably 40%; the conditions of the first axial closed rolling forming preferably include: the pressing speed of the rotary forging is 2-8 mm/s, more preferably 5mm/s, and the rotating speed of the blank is 30-60 r/min, more preferably 40r/min; the inclination angle of the rotary forging is 5-8 degrees, more preferably 6 degrees; when the first axial closed rolling forming is carried out, the height-diameter ratio of the blank is preferably less than or equal to 1.5.
After the first axial closed rolling forming is completed, the invention preferably cools to room temperature.
After the second reinforced blank is obtained, the second reinforced blank is subjected to pre-ageing treatment to obtain a third reinforced blank.
The second reinforced blank is preferably placed in a heating furnace, the heating temperature is 530-550 ℃, more preferably 540 ℃, the heat is preserved for 3 hours, quenching is carried out, and then the blank is subjected to pre-aging treatment and then air-cooled to room temperature.
In the present invention, the temperature of the pre-aging treatment is preferably 175 to 185 ℃, more preferably 180 ℃, and the holding time is preferably 60 minutes. The quenching and air cooling processes are not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be performed according to processes well known in the art.
After the third reinforced blank is obtained, the third reinforced blank is subjected to second axial closed rolling forming at room temperature to obtain a fourth reinforced blank.
In the invention, the deformation of the second axial closed rolling forming is preferably 20-80%; the second axial closed rolling forming is carried out at room temperature without preheating a die; the operation process of the second axial closed rolling forming is preferably the same as that of the first axial closed rolling forming, and will not be described herein. The invention adopts cold-hot composite deformation, and simultaneously utilizes deformation strengthening and precipitation strengthening to improve the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy.
After the fourth reinforced blank is obtained, the fourth reinforced blank is subjected to aging treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy disc piece.
In the present invention, the aging treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature of 175 to 185 ℃, more preferably 180 ℃, and the holding time is preferably 5 hours.
After the aging treatment is completed, the present invention is preferably air-cooled to room temperature.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in connection with the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The blank 1 used was a cylindrical 6061 aluminum alloy of 60mm height and 80mm diameter, provided by Hua Tanglv:
deformation tool and debugging: aligning the center point of the upper die 2 with the center point of the upper surface of the cylindrical blank 1 (namely, taking the center point of the upper surface as the center), and tilting the rotary forging so that the surface of the rotary forging 2 is attached to the upper surface of the blank 1, rotating the blank 1 around the axis where the center point of the upper surface is located, and applying downward pressure on the blank 1 along the axial direction by the rotary forging 2 to perform rotary forging;
heating the blank: placing a cylindrical blank with the diameter of 80mm and the height of 60mm into a heating furnace, wherein the solid solution temperature is 520 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
axially closed rolling forming: transferring the heated blank onto a lower die 3 and fixing the blank, wherein the lower die is connected with a rotary driving mechanism, the axial downward pressing speed of the swing rolling is 5mm/s, the rotating speed of the blank is 40r/min, the inclination angle of the swing rolling is 6 degrees, the rolling reduction is 40 percent, and the blank is air cooled to room temperature;
heating the blank: placing the deformed blank into a heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, quenching, then placing the blank into the heating furnace, performing pre-ageing treatment, and air cooling to room temperature after heat preservation for 1 hour at 180 ℃;
axially closed rolling forming: transferring the blank obtained by pre-ageing to a lower die, wherein the transfer time is 5s, fixing the blank in a groove of the lower die, and after the positions of the blank, the upper die and the lower die are fixed, starting to axially feed downwards, and starting to rotate the lower die, wherein the deformation is 20%;
after rolling is completed, aging treatment is carried out on the obtained blank: the aging temperature is 180 ℃, the heat preservation time is 5 hours, and the aluminum alloy disc is obtained after air cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 1
The billet in example 1 was subjected to T6 standard heat treatment according to the aluminum alloy handbook to obtain a T6 aluminum alloy.
Characterization and performance testing
1) Fig. 3 is a diagram of a core structure of an original cylindrical aluminum alloy billet, and fig. 4 is a diagram of an edge portion structure of the original cylindrical aluminum alloy billet; as can be seen from fig. 3 to 4, the average grain size of the original cylindrical aluminum alloy blank is 138 to 161 μm, and the metallographic structure of the deformed aluminum alloy sample of example 1 is shown in fig. 5, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the average grain size of the deformed aluminum alloy sample is 120 to 130 μm.
2) Tensile properties of the different 6061 aluminum alloy samples of example 1 (cold and hot composite deformation) and comparative example 1 (T6) were tested, room temperature tensile tests were performed on an Instron3382 universal electronic material tester, tensile mechanical properties were tested according to the "Metal tensile test method" standard, and the obtained room temperature tensile curves are shown in FIG. 6.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, after the deformation of the "cold and hot composite" in example 1, the yield strength of 6061 aluminum alloy plate can reach 331MPa, the tensile strength is 360MPa, the elongation is 11.61%, the strength-plastic product can reach 4179.6MPa, the yield strength is improved by about 50MPa compared with that of the original aluminum alloy blank (comparative example 1), the high strength and toughness can be obtained, and the application prospect is wide.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The forming method of the aluminum alloy disc piece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
carrying out solution treatment on the blank corresponding to the aluminum alloy to obtain a first reinforced blank;
carrying out first axial closed rolling forming on the first reinforced blank under the heating condition to obtain a second reinforced blank;
carrying out pre-ageing treatment on the second reinforced blank to obtain a third reinforced blank;
performing second axial closed rolling forming on the third reinforced blank at room temperature to obtain a fourth reinforced blank;
and (3) aging the fourth reinforced blank to obtain the aluminum alloy disc piece.
2. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is a 6xxx series aluminum alloy.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 510 to 530 ℃ and the holding time is 3 hours.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating condition is at a temperature of 510 to 530 ℃.
5. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein the deformation amount of the first axial closed rolling forming is 20 to 80%.
6. The forming method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the conditions of the first axially closed roll forming include: the pressing speed of the rotary forging is 2-8 mm/s, the rotating speed of the blank is 30-60 r/min, and the inclination angle of the rotary forging is 5-8 degrees.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the ratio of the height to the diameter of the billet is 1.5 or less when the first axial closed rolling forming is performed.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-aging treatment is carried out at a temperature of 175 to 185 ℃ for a period of 60 minutes.
9. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein the deformation amount of the second axial closed rolling forming is 20 to 80%.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment is carried out at a temperature of 175 to 185 ℃ for a holding time of 5 hours.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310141692.0A CN116145056B (en) | 2023-02-21 | Forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310141692.0A CN116145056B (en) | 2023-02-21 | Forming method of aluminum alloy disc parts |
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| CN116145056A true CN116145056A (en) | 2023-05-23 |
| CN116145056B CN116145056B (en) | 2024-06-25 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020139161A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-03 | Gary Gates | Rotary forging and quenching apparatus and method |
| CN102242325A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-11-16 | 中南大学 | Heat treatment technology for markedly raising comprehensive performance of aluminium alloy |
| CN103305779A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-09-18 | 常州大学 | Thermomechanical treatment method of 6000-series aluminum alloy |
| CN113001115A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-22 | 华安正兴车轮有限公司 | High-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheel |
| CN115198213A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-18 | 华南理工大学 | Composite thermomechanical treatment method for regulating and controlling conductivity and mechanical property of aluminum alloy |
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020139161A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-03 | Gary Gates | Rotary forging and quenching apparatus and method |
| CN102242325A (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2011-11-16 | 中南大学 | Heat treatment technology for markedly raising comprehensive performance of aluminium alloy |
| CN103305779A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-09-18 | 常州大学 | Thermomechanical treatment method of 6000-series aluminum alloy |
| CN113001115A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-22 | 华安正兴车轮有限公司 | High-precision numerical control swing forging process for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheel |
| CN115198213A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-18 | 华南理工大学 | Composite thermomechanical treatment method for regulating and controlling conductivity and mechanical property of aluminum alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 徐芬;王晶莉;张宗鹏;林高用;: "预应变与预时效对6101导电铝合金组织与性能的影响", 有色金属科学与工程, vol. 7, no. 01, 29 February 2016 (2016-02-29), pages 34 - 40 * |
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