CN116139537A - Chinese herbal medicine extraction device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicine extraction device and a method, which effectively solve the problems of low effective utilization rate of Chinese herbal medicine extraction and inconvenient solid-liquid two-phase multistage cross-flow extraction; the technical proposal for solving the problems is that the device comprises a vertical cylinder body, a feeding hopper is arranged above the cylinder body, and a distributing disc is arranged at the lower end of the feeding hopper; an outer box body is arranged outside the cylinder body, and a solvent chamber is arranged between the outer box body and the cylinder body; the device comprises an outer baffle, a through groove is formed in the middle of the outer baffle, a rotating shaft is arranged in the through groove, an inner baffle is arranged on the rotating shaft, an extrusion plate is arranged above the outer baffle, a filter plate is arranged on the right side of the outer baffle, a drain pipe is connected to the outer baffle, a piston cavity is arranged at the right end of the drain pipe, a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the right side of the piston cavity, a piston capable of moving left and right is arranged in the piston cavity, and the piston can drive the extrusion plate to move right.

Description

Chinese herbal medicine extraction device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, in particular to a device and a method for extracting Chinese herbal medicines.

Background

There are various natural macromolecular substances in plants, such as starch, cellulose, lignin, pectin, resin, tannins, polypeptides, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, etc., and because these molecules contain a large number of polar groups such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups, etc., they are highly polar and have high solubility in water and are easily extracted by polar solvents such as water.

Plant leaching operation belongs to solid-liquid extraction, and as the number of extraction times increases, solute remained in a raw material system is smaller and smaller, but no matter how many times of extraction is performed, the solute cannot be completely extracted from the raw material system. Therefore, in the actual production process, the production cost of the extraction operation is often comprehensively considered, and only the limited times of extraction operation are performed. For example, in the process of extracting and producing traditional Chinese medicines, after three times of extraction, the effective components are basically extracted to the greatest extent, and meanwhile, the best benefit is achieved economically.

In industrial production, the extraction operation has the processes of single-stage extraction, multi-stage cross-flow extraction, multi-stage countercurrent extraction and the like. Patent document CN114849277a discloses a continuous countercurrent extraction device and method for traditional Chinese medicine, which provides a countercurrent extraction mode, namely, the flowing directions of traditional Chinese medicine and solvent are opposite, the mode is commonly adopted in industry, but the content of solute in the raffinate phase is relatively high, and the method is not suitable for more noble medicinal materials, and is easy to cause waste of medicinal materials. In the reverse multistage cross-flow extraction, the solvents are respectively added into the extractors at all stages, so that the extraction driving force is large, the extraction effect is good, and the reverse multistage cross-flow extraction is widely used in the extraction and separation of traditional Chinese medicines.

At present, for multistage cross-flow extraction, most of the existing equipment is liquid-liquid two-phase extraction, separation is carried out through different liquid densities, and a plurality of complex tank bodies are needed to be matched with each other; for example, patent document publication No. CN216236868U, CN105348041 a; however, at present, for solid-liquid two-phase multistage cross-flow extraction, no mature equipment exists, and the problems of complicated solid-liquid two-phase separation, material transfer and the like are involved, and the existing extraction equipment generally needs a plurality of equipment to cooperate, so that the equipment is numerous and complicated. There is therefore a need to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the situation, the invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and the invention aims to provide a Chinese herbal medicine extraction device and a Chinese herbal medicine extraction method, which can effectively solve the problems of low effective utilization rate of Chinese herbal medicine extraction, inconvenient solid-liquid two-phase multistage cross-flow extraction, numerous equipment and the like.

The technical scheme is that the device comprises a vertical barrel, a feed hopper is arranged above the barrel, the lower end of the feed hopper is arranged in the barrel, and a material distributing disc is arranged at the lower end of the feed hopper; the material distributing disc can intermittently rotate, an outer box body is arranged on the outer side of the cylinder body, and a solvent chamber is arranged between the outer box body and the cylinder body; a plurality of extraction devices are arranged in the cylinder body from top to bottom, and a plurality of water inlet pipes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the extraction devices are arranged on the cylinder body;

the extraction device comprises an outer baffle plate positioned in the cylinder body, a through groove is formed in the middle of the outer baffle plate, a rotating shaft in the front-rear direction is arranged in the through groove, an inner baffle plate positioned in the through groove is installed on the rotating shaft, an extrusion plate capable of moving left and right and resetting left is arranged above the outer baffle plate, a fixed filter plate is arranged on the right side of the outer baffle plate, a drain pipe is connected to the outer baffle plate, a piston cavity is installed at the right end of the drain pipe, a drain outlet is formed in the bottom of the right side of the piston cavity, a piston capable of moving left and right is arranged in the piston cavity, and the piston can drive the extrusion plate to move right;

in the plurality of extracting devices from bottom to top, the rotating shaft rotates 180 degrees in sequence, and then the material distributing disc rotates once.

The material distributing disc is cylindrical in front and back directions, and three grooves in front and back directions are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the cylindrical outer edge surface.

The water inlet pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the water inlet pipe is communicated with the solvent chamber and the inside of the cylinder; the solvent chamber is internally provided with heating equipment, and the upper and lower both ends of solvent chamber are provided with the joint.

The invention has the following advantages: 1. the device is through the tank structure of integral type, has realized multistage solid-liquid extraction in its inside again, has simplified equipment, has reduced area, simple structure, and is with low costs. 2. The extraction device in the device has three superposition effects of heating, stirring and extrusion, and can improve the extraction effect by times. 3. The internal baffle and the piston cavity are skillfully designed in the device, the liquid discharge, the liquid separation and the transfer of solid medicinal materials can be realized through the suction of the piston cavity and the overturning of the internal baffle, the operation is extremely convenient, and the structure is very exquisite. 4. The device utilizes multistage cross-flow extraction, can ensure that the active ingredient in the medicinal material can be fully extracted, and is suitable for even medicinal materials with low solubility.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a front view (squeeze-drain state) of the extraction device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a front view (soaking and turbulent flow state) of the extraction device of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a front view (inner barrier flipped state) of the extraction apparatus of the present invention.

Description of the embodiments

The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention comprises a vertical cylinder 1, a feed hopper 2 is arranged above the cylinder 1, the lower end of the feed hopper 2 is arranged in the cylinder 1, and a material distributing disc 3 is arranged at the lower end of the feed hopper 2; the material distributing disc 3 can intermittently rotate, an outer box body 4 is arranged on the outer side of the cylinder body 1, and a solvent chamber 5 is arranged between the outer box body 4 and the cylinder body 1; a plurality of extraction devices 6 are arranged in the cylinder 1 from top to bottom, and a plurality of water inlet pipes 7 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the extraction devices 6 are arranged on the cylinder 1;

the extracting device 6 comprises an outer baffle 601 positioned in the cylinder body 1, a through groove 602 is formed in the middle of the outer baffle 601, a rotating shaft 603 in the front-rear direction is arranged in the through groove 602, an inner baffle 604 positioned in the through groove 602 is installed on the rotating shaft 603, an extrusion plate 605 capable of moving left and right and resetting left is arranged above the outer baffle 601, a fixed filter plate 606 is arranged on the right side of the outer baffle 601, a drain pipe 607 is connected to the outer baffle 601, a piston cavity 608 is installed at the right end of the drain pipe 607, a drain hole 609 is formed in the bottom of the right side of the piston cavity 608, a piston capable of moving left and right is arranged in the piston cavity 608, and the piston can drive the extrusion plate 605 to move right;

in the plurality of the extracting devices 6 described above from bottom to top, the rotating shaft 603 rotates 180 degrees in sequence, and then the distributing tray 3 rotates once.

In order to realize the rotation material distribution of the material distribution disc 3, the material distribution disc 3 is cylindrical in the front-back direction, and three grooves 9 in the front-back direction are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the cylindrical outer edge surface.

In order to control liquid inlet, the water inlet pipe 7 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 8, and the water inlet pipe 7 is communicated with the solvent chamber 5 and the inside of the cylinder 1; a heating device is arranged in the solvent chamber 5, and joints are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the solvent chamber 5.

In order to achieve rotation of the shaft 603 in the plurality of extraction devices 6; the front end of the rotating shaft 603 is provided with a first gear 10 positioned at the outer side of the outer box body 4, a second gear 11 is arranged on the mounting shaft of the material distributing disc 3, the outer box body 4 is provided with a conveying belt 12, and two sections of racks which are symmetrical in center are arranged on the conveying belt 12; the conveyor belt 12 rotates clockwise, the rack can be engaged with the plurality of first gears 10 and the second gears 11 in sequence, and the tray 3 rotates 120 degrees each time.

In order to realize the installation and the movement of the extrusion plate 605, a guide rod 610 is installed on the left side of the extrusion plate 605, the guide rod 610 penetrates through the cylinder body 1 and the outer box body 4, and a pressure spring 611 is sleeved on the guide rod 610; the right side of the extrusion plate 605 is connected with a front rope 612 and a rear rope 612, and the right end of the rope 612 passes through the drain pipe 607 to be connected with a piston; two cords 612 are positioned on the front and rear sides of the inner barrier 604, respectively.

In order to realize stirring and liquid discharging, a piston rod is connected to a piston in the piston cavity 608, and the piston rod is driven to rotate by an electric cylinder; the conveyor belt 12 is driven to rotate by a motor 13, and the motor 13 and a plurality of electric cylinders are controlled by a controller.

In order to avoid leakage, a sealing ring is disposed around the inner baffle 604.

In order to realize multistage cross-flow extraction, the Chinese herbal medicine extraction method comprises the following steps:

the first step: raw materials are added, and the raw materials after primary crushing are added into a first extraction device 6;

and a second step of: adding a solvent, namely adding the solvent into an extraction device 6 with raw materials;

and a third step of: soaking and turbulent flow;

fourth step: extruding and filtering raw materials; discharging the solvent;

fifth step: the raw materials in the mixture fall into the next extraction device 6, and new raw materials are added into the first extraction device 6;

in order to realize continuous cross-flow extraction, the using method of the Chinese herbal medicine extraction device comprises the following steps:

the first step: turning on the motor 13 to drive the conveyor belt 12 to rotate for half a turn, and feeding the raw materials into the uppermost extracting device 6;

and a second step of: opening the electromagnetic valve 8 on the water inlet pipe 7 corresponding to the extracting device 6 with raw materials, and closing the electromagnetic valve 8 after the solvent is added into the extracting device 6;

and a third step of: opening an electric cylinder, and enabling the electric cylinder to reciprocate in a small range;

fourth step: the electric cylinder moves to the rightmost end and then resets;

fifth step: the motor 13 is turned on to drive the conveyor belt 12 to rotate half a turn, and the raw material in the previous extraction device 6 falls into the next extraction device 6.

When the invention is used, firstly, the Chinese herbal medicine is firstly crushed preliminarily and then added into the feed hopper 2, meanwhile, the solvent is added into the solvent chamber 5 through the connector on the outer shell, and heating equipment in the solvent chamber 5 is started, and the heating equipment can use an electric heating rod; the temperature of the solvent is brought to the temperature required for extraction, typically not exceeding 100 degrees celsius.

Then, starting a motor 13 to drive the conveyor belt 12 to rotate for half a circle, wherein two sections of racks which are symmetrical in center are arranged on the conveyor belt 12; one of the racks can be engaged with each gear in turn from bottom to top and then with the second gear 11 each time it is rotated half a turn. Therefore, the inner baffles 604 in the plurality of extraction devices 6 are sequentially rotated 180 degrees from bottom to top, namely, the overturning occurs; the material distributing disc 3 can rotate 120 degrees, and three grooves 9 are formed in the material distributing disc 3, so that the grooves 9 originally positioned in the material distributing hopper can be placed below the material distributing hopper every time of rotation 120, and medicinal materials can fall into the uppermost extraction device 6 in the barrel 1 in a proper amount.

When the medicinal material falls into the first extraction device 6, the inner baffle 604 blocks the outer baffle 601 from passing through the groove 602, i.e. the inner baffle 604 is almost flush with the outer baffle 601, so that the medicinal material can be blocked above the inner baffle 604 and the outer baffle 601; then, the electromagnetic valve 8 on the water inlet pipe 7 corresponding to the extraction device 6 is opened, so that the solvent enters the first extraction device 6 from the solvent chamber 5, and the medicinal materials are submerged for soaking.

The electric cylinder is then started, and in the initial state, the piston is positioned at the leftmost side in the piston cavity 608, and the electric cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate left and right in a small range, namely, the piston cavity 608 can repeatedly absorb and discharge solvent, so that the solvent in the extraction device 6 generates larger flow. The length of the cord 612 may be longer so that the compression plate 605 does not move when the piston is moved to a small extent.

When the soaking time is enough, the electric cylinder drives the piston to move rightwards to the maximum travel, and the piston is positioned on the right side of the water outlet 609, so that the solvent can flow out from the water outlet 607 through the piston cavity 608 and finally flows out from the water outlet 609; simultaneously, after the piston moves rightmost, the extruding plate 605 is pulled to move rightmost by the rope 612, and the extruding plate 605 is used for extruding and dehydrating the medicinal materials.

The extraction device 6 in the device can accelerate the dissolution of the effective components in the medicinal materials into the solute, and has the following three specific aspects:

firstly, as the whole outer box body 4 comprises the cylinder body 1 and the solvent is in a constant temperature state, plant tissues can be softened and expansion is promoted by temperature rise, and the dissolution and diffusion speeds of soluble components are increased;

secondly, the piston reciprocates left and right in a small range, the effect of improving the flow of the solvent can be achieved by repeatedly sucking and discharging the solvent, and the out-diffusion speed is improved by generating turbulence;

thirdly, as the extrusion plate 605 extrudes, a part of medicinal materials are hammered, extrusion of the medicinal materials is realized, and cell walls of the medicinal materials are broken; the extraction process of the effective components of the traditional Chinese medicine is to transfer the target product from the cell plant to the extracellular solvent, and the extrusion of the medicinal materials and the cell wall disruption can obtain the effective components to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the existing high-concentration solvent in the medicinal materials can be extruded out as much as possible, so that the next re-soaking and extraction are facilitated, the final solvent content of the medicinal materials in the last extraction device 6 can be reduced, and the full extraction of the effective components of the medicinal materials is ensured.

The three effects are overlapped at the same time, so that the extraction effect and the extraction speed can be greatly improved.

When the solvent is discharged, the electric cylinder is reset, and then the extrusion plate 605 is reset; at which point the conveyor belt 12 again rotates half a turn.

The inner baffle 604 in the bottom-to-top extraction device 6 is sequentially reversed, so that the lowest medicinal material is directly discharged, the medicinal material in the penultimate extraction device 6 falls into the lowest extraction device 6, the medicinal material in the uppermost extraction device 6 falls into the second extraction device 6, and the brand new medicinal material is added into the first extraction device 6 from the feed tray 3; realizes the sequential delivery of medicinal materials.

Then, the above process is repeated again, at this time, the extracting device 6 located in the middle will continue to extract the raw material of the previous stage for the second stage, and discharge the solvent after extrusion and filtration again, and the extracting device 6 located at the lowest will extract the raw material of the previous stage for the third stage again, and finally discharge the residue after extraction.

And the three extraction devices 6 work simultaneously in the subsequent process in a sequential circulation mode, so that continuous multi-stage cross-flow extraction is realized.

Finally, solvents with different concentrations extracted from each extraction device 6 are collected uniformly and sent to subsequent purification equipment for reprocessing.

The dosage of the solvent is 2-5 times of that of the raw materials, and the extraction can be considered to be completed after three times of leaching; the solvent in the device can be water or ethanol and other materials as required, the materials can be reasonably selected according to the properties of medicinal materials, and meanwhile, the temperature can be regulated as required, so that the maximum extraction effect is obtained, and the maximum possible extraction of the effective components in the medicinal materials is ensured.

In the device, the extraction device 6 has higher extraction effect, and can improve the dissolution rate of the solute in all aspects, improve the extraction of the effective components in the medicinal materials and ensure the extraction effect through stirring, extrusion and temperature improvement.

The device utilizes multistage cross-flow extraction, namely after each extraction, solid medicinal materials are separated, new solvents are used for extraction, high osmotic pressure inside and outside cells is maintained, and the diffusion speed is improved.

This device is integration jar body, does not need the cooperation of many jar bodies, and the turnover of convenient heating and medicinal material is through ingenious upper and lower overall arrangement to and the design in interior baffle 604 and piston cavity 608 can realize the separation of solvent and medicinal material and the transmission of medicinal material to the next level.

Claims (9)

1. The Chinese herbal medicine extraction device comprises a vertical barrel body (1), and is characterized in that a feed hopper (2) is arranged above the barrel body (1), the lower end of the feed hopper (2) is arranged in the barrel body (1), and a material distributing disc (3) is arranged at the lower end of the feed hopper (2); the material distributing disc (3) can intermittently rotate, an outer box body (4) is arranged on the outer side of the cylinder body (1), and a solvent chamber (5) is arranged between the outer box body (4) and the cylinder body (1); a plurality of extraction devices (6) are arranged in the cylinder body (1) from top to bottom, and a plurality of water inlet pipes (7) which are in one-to-one correspondence with the extraction devices (6) are arranged on the cylinder body (1);

the extraction device (6) comprises an outer baffle (601) positioned in a cylinder body (1), a through groove (602) is formed in the middle of the outer baffle (601), a rotating shaft (603) in the front-back direction is arranged in the through groove (602), an inner baffle (604) positioned in the through groove (602) is installed on the rotating shaft (603), an extrusion plate (605) capable of moving left and right and resetting left is arranged above the outer baffle (601), a fixed filter plate (606) is arranged on the right side of the outer baffle (601), a drain pipe (607) is connected to the outer baffle (601), a piston cavity (608) is installed at the right end of the drain pipe (607), a drain outlet (609) is formed in the bottom of the right side of the piston cavity (608), a piston capable of moving left and right is arranged in the piston cavity (608), and the piston can drive the extrusion plate (605) to move right;

in the plurality of extracting devices (6) from bottom to top, the rotating shaft (603) rotates 180 degrees in turn, and then the material distributing disc (3) rotates once.

2. The Chinese herbal medicine extraction device according to claim 1, wherein the material separating disc (3) is cylindrical in front-back direction, and three grooves (9) in front-back direction are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the cylindrical outer edge surface.

3. The Chinese herbal medicine extraction device according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet pipe (7) is provided with an electromagnetic valve (8), and the water inlet pipe (7) is communicated with the solvent chamber (5) and the inside of the barrel (1); the solvent chamber (5) is internally provided with heating equipment, and the upper end and the lower end of the solvent chamber (5) are provided with connectors.

4. The Chinese herbal medicine extraction device according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the rotating shaft (603) is provided with a first gear (10) positioned outside the outer box body (4), the mounting shaft of the material distributing disc (3) is provided with a second gear (11), the outer box body (4) is provided with a conveyor belt (12), and the conveyor belt (12) is provided with two sections of racks which are symmetrical in center; the conveyor belt (12) rotates clockwise, the racks can be meshed with the first gears (10) and the second gears (11) in sequence, and the material distributing disc (3) rotates 120 degrees each time.

5. The Chinese herbal medicine extraction device according to claim 1, wherein a guide rod (610) is installed on the left side of the extrusion plate (605), the guide rod (610) passes through the cylinder body (1) and the outer box body (4), and a pressure spring (611) is sleeved on the guide rod (610); the right side of the extrusion plate (605) is connected with a front rope and a rear rope (612), and the right end of the rope (612) passes through the drain pipe (607) to be connected with the piston; two ropes (612) are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the inner baffle plate (604).

6. The Chinese herbal medicine extraction device according to claim 1, wherein a piston rod is connected to a piston in the piston chamber (608), and the piston rod is driven to rotate by an electric cylinder; the conveyor belt (12) is driven to rotate by a motor (13), and the motor (13) and the plurality of electric cylinders are controlled by a controller.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein a sealing ring is provided around the inner baffle (604).

8. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1: turning on a motor (13) to drive the conveyor belt (12) to rotate for half a turn, and adding raw materials into the uppermost extraction device (6);

s2: opening an electromagnetic valve (8) on a water inlet pipe (7) corresponding to the extraction device (6) with raw materials, and closing the electromagnetic valve (8) after the solvent is added into the extraction device (6);

s3: opening an electric cylinder, and enabling the electric cylinder to reciprocate in a small range;

s4: the electric cylinder moves to the rightmost end and then resets;

s5: the motor (13) is turned on to drive the conveyor belt (12) to rotate for half a turn, and the raw materials in the previous extraction device (6) can fall into the next extraction device (6).

9. The Chinese herbal medicine extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: raw materials are added, and the raw materials after primary crushing are added into a first extraction device (6);

s2: adding a solvent, namely adding the solvent into an extraction device (6) with raw materials;

s3: soaking and turbulent flow;

s4: extruding and filtering raw materials; discharging the solvent;

s5: the raw materials in the mixture fall into the next extraction device (6), and new raw materials are added into the first extraction device (6).

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