CN116130746A

CN116130746A - Battery cell

Info

Publication number: CN116130746A
Application number: CN202310205280.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李旭; 曹晨; 郑东东; 华松; 高广阔; 马国华
Original assignee: China Innovation Aviation Technology Group Co ltd
Current assignee: China Innovation Aviation Technology Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-06
Filing date: 2023-03-06
Publication date: 2023-05-16
Anticipated expiration: 2043-03-06
Also published as: CN116130746B

Abstract

The invention provides a battery, which comprises a negative plate, a positive plate and electrolyte, wherein a DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) graph of the battery comprises a first region and a second region, the first region refers to a temperature region of 125-225 ℃, the second region refers to a temperature region of 300-375 ℃, the exothermic peak area in the first region is S1, the exothermic peak area in the second region is S2, and S2/S1 is more than or equal to 1.0. In the battery provided by the invention, the interface reaction degree of the negative electrode and the electrolyte is low, and the probability of thermal runaway of the battery is reduced, so that the battery provided by the invention has good cycle characteristics and use safety.

Description

Battery cell

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a battery.

Background

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, people have increasingly high requirements on the endurance of the electric vehicles. Generally, the higher the energy density of a lithium battery, the more batteries can be carried with the same weight, and the longer the endurance. At present, although the high nickel silicon oxygen system battery has higher energy density, the safety problem caused by thermal runaway also frequently occurs, so that the improvement of the safety performance of the battery is particularly important. The heat release induced during thermal runaway of the battery is mainly derived from the heat evolved by the interface reaction of the positive/negative electrodes and the decomposition reaction of the interface by-products.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a battery, wherein the exothermic peak of the battery on a DSC map is reduced, the overall exothermic amount of the battery can be reduced, the phenomenon of thermal runaway of the battery is reduced, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.

The invention provides a battery, which comprises a negative plate, a positive plate and electrolyte, wherein a DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) graph of the battery comprises a first region and a second region, the first region refers to a temperature region of 125-225 ℃, the second region refers to a temperature region of 300-375 ℃, the exothermic peak area in the first region is S1, the exothermic peak area in the second region is S2, and S2/S1 is more than or equal to 1.0.

In the battery provided by the invention, when the DSC spectrum of the battery accords with the relation, namely, the ratio of the exothermic peak area S2 in the temperature region of 300-375 ℃ to the peak area S1 in the temperature region of 125-225 ℃ is more than or equal to 1.0, the negative plate has excellent high-temperature resistance, can still keep the structural integrity and stability under the high-temperature condition, and reduces the interface reaction degree of the negative electrode and electrolyte, thereby effectively reducing the probability of thermal runaway of the battery, and ensuring that the battery provided by the invention has good cycle characteristics and use safety.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a DSC graph of the battery of example 1.

FIG. 2 is a DSC graph of the battery of comparative example 1.

Fig. 3 is a DSC profile of the batteries of example 1 and comparative example 1, a represents the DSC profile of the battery of example 1, and b represents the DSC profile of the battery of comparative example 1.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a battery, which comprises a negative plate, a positive plate and electrolyte, wherein the DSC spectrum of the battery comprises a first region and a second region, the first region refers to a temperature region of 125-225 ℃, the second region refers to a temperature region of 300-375 ℃, the exothermic peak area in the first region is S1, and the exothermic peak area in the second region is S2, and S2/S1 is more than or equal to 1.0. The battery provided by the invention has excellent working stability, the interface reaction resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte is small, and the irreversible consumption of the pole piece active material generated by the reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte is small in the working process of the battery, so that the battery provided by the invention has excellent cycle characteristics, on the other hand, the irreversible consumption of the pole piece active material is small, and the heat generated by further decomposition of byproducts generated by the irreversible consumption is reduced, so that the thermal runaway risk of the battery is reduced, and the battery provided by the invention has excellent use safety.

Preferably, in the first region, the peak intensity of the exothermic peak is greater than 2 mW/mg; and, in the second region, the peak intensity of the exothermic peak was more than 2 mW/mg. When the battery in the invention accords with the relation, the stability of the negative plate is higher, and the cycle performance and the safety performance of the battery are further improved.

Preferably, in the second region, the peak temperature of the strongest exothermic peak is not lower than 340 ℃.

Preferably, the DSC spectrum of the battery further comprises a third region, wherein the third region refers to a temperature region of 225-275 ℃, and the exothermic peak area in the third region is S3, and S3/S1 is less than or equal to 0.05.

In general, during the operation of a battery, the negative electrode inevitably undergoes side reactions with the electrolyte to generate byproducts, and the accumulation of the byproducts in the negative electrode is a factor inducing thermal runaway in the battery, specifically because the stability of the byproducts is poor, and the byproducts are easy to decompose and release heat further. In the battery provided by the invention, the accumulation amount of byproducts generated by the reaction of the negative electrode and the electrolyte is small in the working process of the battery with the characteristic that S3/S1 is less than or equal to 0.05, so that the heat accumulation caused by the decomposition and heat release of the byproducts is avoided, the induction factor of thermal runaway in the battery is further reduced, and the probability of thermal runaway of the battery is effectively reduced.

Preferably, the negative electrode sheet comprises a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material layer and an organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer, the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode active material layer and the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer are sequentially arranged, the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer comprises an organic material and an inorganic material, the organic material comprises at least one of polysulfone polymer and polysulfone copolymer, and the inorganic material comprises a solid-state lithium ion conductor. The organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is arranged on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode plate, so that exothermic peak emergence conditions of the first region, the second region and the third region in the DSC spectrum of the battery can be effectively regulated and controlled at the same time, the characteristics of the DSC spectrum of the battery conforming to the definition of the invention are met, and the battery has excellent working stability, cycle characteristics and use safety. On the whole of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer, on one hand, the reactive sites of the negative electrode and the electrolyte can be reduced, the interface reaction of the negative electrode and the electrolyte is restrained, the generation rate of byproducts of the interface reaction is reduced, the irreversible consumption of the negative electrode active material layer is reduced, and on the other hand, substances in the protective layer can interact with the byproducts of the interface reaction of the negative electrode and the electrolyte to achieve the effect of consuming the byproducts, so that the heat generated by further decomposition of the byproducts of the negative electrode can be reduced, and the thermal runaway risk of the battery is reduced. In the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer, the polysulfone substance has excellent high temperature resistance and electrolyte resistance, a compact membranous substance can be formed, and the solid lithium ion conductor can play an excellent ion guiding role, so that lithium ions can be efficiently deintercalated on the negative electrode plate, and the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is arranged on the surface of the negative electrode active coating, so that the negative electrode active coating and the electrolyte can be reliably isolated, and the negative electrode plate can keep good electrical property.

Preferably, the polysulfone polymer comprises at least one of bisphenol A polysulfone, polyarylsulfone and polyethersulfone, and the polysulfone copolymer comprises at least one of bisphenol A polysulfone-polyethylene glycol copolymer and bisphenol A polysulfone-polyethylene oxide copolymer; the solid lithium ion conductor includes at least one of garnet-type solid electrolyte, garnet-type solid electrolyte derivative, NASICON-type solid electrolyte derivative, perovskite-type solid electrolyte, and perovskite-type solid electrolyte derivative.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the organic material to the inorganic material is 1:0.1-1.

Preferably, the mass ratio of organic material to inorganic material is 1:0.5.

The organic material and the inorganic material in the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer meet the mass ratio, so that the protective effect of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer on the anode active coating can be enhanced, the heat accumulation of the anode in the working process of the battery is further inhibited, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Preferably, the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is 0.1 μm to 10 μm.

Preferably, the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is 2-5 μm.

By limiting the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer to the above-described range, it can be reliably ensured that the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer can provide sufficient protection for the anode active coating layer without significant deterioration of the electrical properties of the battery. If the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is too thick, the interface impedance of the negative electrode side can be increased, the ion conduction at the interface of the negative electrode is affected, the electric performance of the battery is deteriorated, and the cycle life of the battery is reduced; if the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is too thin, the volume expansion of the negative electrode is easy to cause the phenomenon that the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is partially fallen off in the cycle process of the battery, so that the protective effect of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer on the negative electrode is weakened, the interface reaction between the negative electrode and the electrolyte is aggravated, and the cycle life of the battery is further reduced.

Preferably, the anode active material layer includes a silicon-based material, and the mass of the silicon-based material accounts for 5-25% of the total mass of the anode active material layer.

Preferably, the silicon-based material comprises a silicon/carbon material. The negative electrode of the battery is made of the negative electrode active material containing silicon/carbon materials, so that the battery has higher mass capacity density.

Preferably, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector layer and a positive electrode active material layer including at least one of a ternary nickel cobalt manganese material and a ternary nickel cobalt aluminum material.

Preferably, the positive electrode active material layer is a ternary nickel cobalt manganese material, and the molecular formula of the ternary nickel cobalt manganese material is LiNi _x Co _y Mn _(1-x-y) O ₂ Wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.8.

In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

In the present invention, the chinese names corresponding to the mentioned english abbreviations are as follows: CMC, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; SBR, styrene-butadiene latex; PSF, bisphenol A polysulfone; PASF, polyarylsulfone; PES, polyethersulfone; PSF-PEG, bisphenol A type polysulfone-polyethylene glycol copolymer; PSF-PEO, bisphenol A polysulfone-polyethylene oxide copolymer; NMP, N-methylpyrrolidone; SP, carbon black; PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride; EC, ethylene carbonate; EMC, ethyl methyl carbonate; DEC, diethyl carbonate; PE, polyethylene; DMC, dimethyl carbonate.

Example 1

The preparation of the lithium ion battery in this embodiment includes the following steps:

(1) Preparation of negative electrode sheet

(1) Preparing a matrix negative plate: mixing a negative electrode active material graphite C and silicon oxide SiO according to a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain a first mixture, mixing the first mixture, a conductive agent acetylene black, a thickener CMC and a binder SBR according to a mass ratio of 96.4:1:1.2:1.4 to obtain a second mixture, mixing the first mixture, the second mixture and deionized water, and stirring under the action of a vacuum stirrer until a mixed system is in a uniform state to obtain a negative electrode slurry; uniformly coating the negative electrode slurry on two surfaces of a negative electrode current collector copper foil, airing at room temperature, transferring to an oven for continuous drying, and then carrying out cold pressing and slitting to obtain a matrix negative electrode plate;

(2) preparation of the slurry: sequentially adding 20g of PSF particles and 120g of solvent NMP into a ball milling tank, and ball milling and mixing for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 1000r/min to obtain a homogeneous polymer solution; then adding 10g of solid electrolyte LATP powder, namely PSF and LATP with the mass ratio of 1:0.5, and continuing ball milling and mixing to prepare slurry with the solid content of 20 percent; wherein the solid electrolyte LATP powder is currently commercialized Li _1.5 Al _0.5 Ti _0.5 (PO ₄ ) ₃ (NASICON type solid electrolyte) powder, particle size d50=300 nm;

(3) preparation of a negative plate containing a protective layer: introducing the slurry prepared in the step (2) into an automatic spray liquid storage tank, atomizing the slurry by using the automatic spray liquid storage tank, uniformly depositing the slurry on a substrate negative electrode plate, carrying out the whole process in a ventilation cabinet, wherein the relative humidity is 30% -50%, the temperature is 25 ℃, transferring the negative electrode plate sprayed with the slurry into a vacuum oven after finishing, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain a negative electrode plate containing a protective layer, wherein the thickness of the protective layer in the embodiment is 2 mu m; the mist time was 5min.

(2) Preparation of positive plate

Positive electrode active material NCM811 (LiNi _0.8 Co _0.1 Mn _0.1 O ₂ ) Mixing the conductive agent SP and the binder PVDF according to the mass ratio of 96:2:2, adding the solvent NMP into the mixture, and stirring the mixture under the action of a vacuum stirrer until the mixture is in a uniform state to obtain anode slurry; uniformly coating positive electrode slurry on positive electrode current collector aluminum foilAnd (3) airing at room temperature on the two surfaces, transferring to an oven for continuous drying, and then carrying out cold pressing and cutting to obtain the positive plate.

(3) Preparation of electrolyte

EC, EMC, DEC is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a mixed organic solvent, and then the lithium salt LiPF which is fully dried is obtained ₆ Dissolving in the mixed organic solvent to prepare electrolyte with the concentration of 1 mol/L. In the preparation of the electrolyte, the components of the electrolyte can be adjusted according to the actual requirements of the electrolyte.

(4) Preparation of lithium ion batteries

Sequentially stacking the positive plate, the diaphragm and the negative plate containing the protective layer, so that the diaphragm is positioned between the positive plate and the negative plate to play a role in isolation, and obtaining a bare cell; and placing the bare cell in an outer packaging shell, drying, injecting electrolyte, and standing for 24 hours after vacuum packaging to obtain the lithium ion battery. The separator used in this example is a commercial PE film.

Example 2

This example differs from example 1 in that in the preparation of the slurries of (1) - (2), the mass ratio of PSF to LATP was adjusted to 1:0.1, and in the preparation of the negative electrode sheet containing the protective layer of (1) - (3), the method of bonding the protective layer slurry on the negative electrode sheet of the substrate was adjusted to a spin-coating method in which the spin-coating rotational speed was 1000r/min, the number of spin-coating times was 1, and the thickness of the protective layer was 0.1 μm; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Example 3

This example is different from example 1 in that in the preparation of the slurries of (1) to (2), the mass ratio of PSF to LATP was adjusted to 1:1, and in the preparation of the negative electrode sheet containing the protective layer of (1) to (3), the method of bonding the slurry on the base negative electrode sheet was adjusted to a method of coating using a gravure coater, and the thickness of the protective layer was made to 10 μm by controlling the coating belt speed and the roll gap; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Example 4

This example is different from example 1 in that, in the preparation of the negative electrode sheet containing the protective layer of (1) to (3), the thickness of the protective layer was 0.1 μm by controlling the spraying time to 30 s; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Example 5

This example is different from example 1 in that, in the preparation of the negative electrode sheet containing the protective layer of (1) to (3), the thickness of the protective layer was 10 μm by controlling the spraying time to 30 min; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Example 6

This example differs from example 1 in that in the preparation of the slurries of (1) - (2), the mass ratio of PSF to LATP was adjusted to 1:2; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Example 7

This example differs from example 1 in that in the preparation of the slurries of (1) - (2), the mass ratio of PSF to LATP was adjusted to 2:0.1; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Example 8

This example is different from example 1 in that in the preparation of the negative electrode sheet containing the protective layer of (1) to (3), the thickness of the protective layer was 5 μm by controlling the spraying time to 15 min; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example is different from example 1 in that in the preparation of the negative electrode sheet of (1), the preparation steps of (2) and (3) are omitted, namely, the negative electrode sheet of the matrix is not provided with a protective layer, and the negative electrode sheet of the matrix, the positive electrode sheet and the diaphragm are directly used for preparing the lithium ion battery; the remainder was identical to example 1.

Test case

Experimental construction mode

The lithium ion batteries prepared in examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 1 are fully charged after constant volume, and the specific steps are as follows: respectively charging the lithium ion batteries prepared in the examples 1-8 and the comparative example 1 to 4.25V at constant current and constant voltage by using a LAND system, wherein the current is 0.33C, the cut-off current is 0.05C, and then discharging to 2.5V at constant current and 0.33C; and after the constant volume is finished, constant current and constant voltage charging is carried out until the voltage reaches 4.25V, and the battery is taken off from the charging device for standby.

(1) Differential scanning calorimetry test (DSC test)

DSC test is carried out on the lithium ion batteries which are fully charged after the constant volume in the examples 1 to 8 and the comparative example 1, and the specific steps are as follows: after dismantling the fully charged lithium ion batteries of examples 1-8 and comparative example 1 in a glove box respectively, washing a negative electrode plate by utilizing DMC (dimethyl carbonate), drying, cutting a positive electrode plate with the diameter of 4mm, a negative electrode plate and a diaphragm with the diameter of 5mm by using a cutting machine, weighing, and putting the positive electrode plate, the diaphragm, electrolyte and the positive electrode plate into a platinum crucible in sequence to assemble the battery, wherein the electrolyte consumption is 20 mu L; after assembly, the materials are placed into a DSC testing cavity for testing, the temperature rising rate is 5K/min, the temperature range is 25-400 ℃, and the protective atmosphere is nitrogen.

(2) Battery cycle performance test

The lithium ion batteries of examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 1 after constant volume and full charge were subjected to battery cycle performance test, and the specific steps are as follows: and (3) respectively carrying out normal-temperature cycle test on the lithium ion batteries fully charged after constant volume in the examples 1-8 and the comparative example 1 by using a LAND system, wherein the charge-discharge multiplying power is 0.5C/0.5C, and the cycle is 100 weeks. And after the test is finished, processing the cycle data, and calculating the battery capacity retention rate after 100 weeks of cycle.

Experimental results

The results of DSC test and battery cycle performance test of the fully charged lithium ion batteries after constant volume in examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 test results of DSC and battery cycle performance of lithium ion batteries fully charged after constant volume in examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 1

Among the reference cells of this test example, the battery of comparative example 1 provided the worst cycle effect, and as shown in fig. 2, in the DSC profile of the battery of comparative example 1, the ratio of the peak area S2 of the second region (300 to 375 ℃) to the peak area S1 of the first region (125 to 225 ℃) did not satisfy S2/S1. Gtoreq.1.0, and during the test, significant interfacial reaction occurred between the negative electrode of the battery of comparative example 1 and the electrolyte, and thus by-products were generated, and as the test proceeded, more negative electrode active material was irreversibly converted into the above-mentioned by-products, the electrical properties of the battery decreased, and further decomposition of the above-mentioned by-products generated significant heat accumulation inside the battery, and thermal runaway occurred in the battery provided by comparative example 1 to the end of the test. In examples 1-8, the DSC spectrum of the battery accords with the characteristic that S2/S1 is more than or equal to 1.0, and the batteries provided by the examples have good cycle performance, and after the batteries are subjected to cycle for 100 weeks, the capacity retention rate of the batteries can still reach approximately 90% or even more; because the interface reaction resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte is small in the battery of the embodiments, the irreversible consumption of the pole piece active material generated by the reaction between the electrode and the electrolyte is small in the working process of the battery, so that the battery is ensured to have excellent cycle characteristics. In addition to the above differences, the DSC spectra corresponding to the batteries of examples 1 to 8 and the DSC spectra corresponding to the battery of comparative example 1 also constitute the following distinct differences: taking example 1 as an example, as shown in fig. 1, the DSC profile of the battery of example 1 corresponds to the DSC profile of the battery of example 1, and as described above, the DSC profile of the battery of example 1 is characterized by S2/S1 being no less than about 1.0, and in the second region, the peak temperature of the strongest exothermic peak is no less than about 340 ℃, and it is noted that there is no significant exothermic peak in the third region, so that the ratio of the peak area of the third region (225-275 ℃) to the peak area S1 of the first region (125-225 ℃) is near zero in the DSC profile of the battery of example 1; in contrast, the DSC profile corresponding to the battery of comparative example 1 is shown in fig. 2, and the exothermic peak intensity in the second region of the DSC profile of the battery of comparative example 1 is significantly lower than that of the DSC profile corresponding to the battery of example 1, which can be more intuitively reflected with reference to fig. 3 (in fig. 3, a represents the DSC profile corresponding to the battery of example 1, b represents the DSC profile corresponding to the battery of comparative example 1), and the DSC profile corresponding to the battery of comparative example 1 has a high-intensity exothermic peak in the third region, and the ratio S3/S1 of the peak area of the third region to the peak area S1 of the first region is about 0.38. During the test, the battery of example 1 significantly reduced the heat release compared to the battery of comparative example 1, reduced the occurrence probability of thermal runaway, and had better stability, cyclicity, and safety. The reason for the above results is that the product structure of the battery is in accordance with the characteristics defined in the application, the negative electrode and the electrolyte have lower side reaction degree, the accumulation amount of byproducts generated by the side reaction is reduced, further the further decomposition heat release of the unstable byproducts is reduced, the excessively rapid decomposition of the negative electrode with poor stability due to the heat release effect of the byproducts (generally, the decomposition temperature of the negative electrode is about 250 ℃), the heat release due to the decomposition of the negative electrode is reduced, thereby reducing the induction factor of the thermal runaway inside the battery and effectively reducing the probability of the thermal runaway of the battery.

By comparing examples 1, 4, and 5, example 1 corresponds to a higher capacity retention rate because, in the battery provided in example 1, the thickness of the organic-inorganic composite material protective layer provided on the surface of the anode active coating layer is moderate, and it can be reliably ensured that the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer can provide sufficient protection for the anode active coating layer without significant degradation of the electrical performance of the battery. If the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is not in the range of 2-5 μm, for example, if the thickness exceeds 5 μm, the interface impedance of the negative electrode side is increased, the ion conduction at the interface of the negative electrode is affected, the electric performance of the battery is deteriorated, and the cycle life of the battery is reduced; if the thickness is less than 2 mu m, the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer which is too thin is easy to fall off locally due to volume expansion of the negative electrode in the cycle process of the battery, so that the protective effect of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer on the negative electrode is weakened, interface reaction between the negative electrode and electrolyte is aggravated, and the cycle life of the battery is further reduced.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, but these modifications or substitutions are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a battery, includes negative pole piece, positive pole piece and electrolyte, its characterized in that:

the DSC spectrum of the battery comprises a first region and a second region, wherein the first region refers to a temperature region of 125-225 ℃, the second region refers to a temperature region of 300-375 ℃, the exothermic peak area in the first region is S1, and the exothermic peak area in the second region is S2, and S2/S1 is more than or equal to 1.0.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein: in the first region, the peak intensity of the exothermic peak is greater than 2 mW/mg; and, in the second region, the peak intensity of the exothermic peak is greater than 2 mW/mg.

3. The battery of claim 2, wherein: in the second region, the peak temperature of the strongest exothermic peak is not lower than 340 ℃.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein: the DSC spectrum of the battery also comprises a third region, wherein the third region refers to a temperature region of 225-275 ℃, and the exothermic peak area in the third region is S3, and S3/S1 is less than or equal to 0.05.

5. The battery of claim 1, wherein: the anode plate comprises an anode current collector, an anode active material layer and an organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer, wherein the anode current collector, the anode active material layer and the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer are sequentially arranged, the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer comprises an organic material and an inorganic material, the organic material comprises at least one of polysulfone polymer and polysulfone copolymer, and the inorganic material comprises a solid lithium ion conductor.

6. The battery of claim 5, wherein: the polysulfone polymer comprises at least one of bisphenol A polysulfone, polyarylsulfone and polyether sulfone, and the polysulfone copolymer comprises at least one of bisphenol A polysulfone-polyethylene glycol copolymer and bisphenol A polysulfone-polyethylene oxide copolymer.

7. The battery of claim 5, wherein: the solid lithium ion conductor comprises at least one of garnet-type solid electrolyte, garnet-type solid electrolyte derivative, NASICON-type solid electrolyte derivative, perovskite-type solid electrolyte, and perovskite-type solid electrolyte derivative.

8. The battery of claim 5, wherein: the mass ratio of the organic material to the inorganic material is 1:0.1-1.

9. The battery of claim 8, wherein: the mass ratio of the organic material to the inorganic material is 1:0.3-0.6.

10. The battery of claim 5, wherein: the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is 0.1-10 mu m.

11. The battery of claim 10, wherein: the thickness of the organic-inorganic hybrid material protective layer is 2-5 mu m.

12. The battery of claim 1, wherein: the positive plate comprises a positive current collector layer and a positive active material layer, and the positive active material layer comprises at least one of ternary nickel cobalt manganese material and ternary nickel cobalt aluminum material.

13. The battery of claim 1, wherein: the positive electrode active material layer comprises a ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese material, and the molecular formula of the ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese material is LiNi _x Co _y Mn _(1-x-y) O ₂ Wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.8.

14. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein: the negative electrode active material layer comprises a silicon-based material, and the mass of the silicon-based material accounts for 5-25% of the total mass of the negative electrode active material layer.