CN116130707A - Control method and device of fuel cell system and fuel cell system - Google Patents

Control method and device of fuel cell system and fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116130707A
CN116130707A CN202211695912.6A CN202211695912A CN116130707A CN 116130707 A CN116130707 A CN 116130707A CN 202211695912 A CN202211695912 A CN 202211695912A CN 116130707 A CN116130707 A CN 116130707A
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anode gas
fuel cell
anode
cell system
electric pile
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CN202211695912.6A
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CN116130707B (en
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麦建明
白云飞
李红涛
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Shanghai H Rise New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Shanghai H Rise New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a control method and device of a fuel cell system and the fuel cell system, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells. A fuel cell system comprising a stack, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, and an anode gas circulation device, the method comprising: under the condition that the fuel cell system is determined to be in a starting stage, controlling an anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen to an anode gas inlet of a pile according to a first gas supply rate, controlling an anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen at an anode gas outlet of the pile according to a first gas exhaust rate, and controlling an anode gas circulation device to control anode gas circulation of the pile according to a target gas circulation flow rate; and under the condition that the starting period is determined to be ended, controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen into the anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to the second gas supply rate, and controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust the nitrogen at the anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to the second gas exhaust rate. The method can avoid the membrane electrode from being corroded by high potential.

Description

Control method and device of fuel cell system and fuel cell system
Technical Field
The present application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular, relates to a control method and apparatus for a fuel cell system, and a fuel cell system.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, PEMFC) is a clean and efficient new energy power generation device due to the advantages of environmental friendliness, high energy conversion rate, quick response and the like.
When the fuel cell is not started, the gas of the anode and the cathode is in an inert state without electrochemical reaction, when the fuel cell is started, the battery is in an active state that the anode contains hydrogen and the cathode contains oxygen, and the fuel cell is started from the inert state to the active state, so that the condition that the cell voltage is too high needs to be avoided, and the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is prevented from being corroded by high potential, so that the performance life of the fuel cell is prevented from being influenced.
Currently, in the starting step, the fuel cell is controlled to start from an inert state to an active state by directly purging the gas in the anode and the cathode, and the related art increases the gas purging speed by adopting higher anode pressure to reduce the time of the over-high state of the unit voltage, but the higher anode pressure may have potential impact on the fuel cell stack and also affect the performance life of the fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the control method and device of the fuel cell system and the fuel cell system can avoid high potential corrosion of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell in the starting process of the fuel cell from an inert shutdown state to an active running state, and improve the performance life of the fuel cell.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a control method of a fuel cell system including a stack, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, and an anode gas circulation device, the method comprising:
controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen to an anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a first gas supply rate, controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen at an anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a first gas exhaust rate, and controlling the anode gas circulation device to control anode gas circulation of the electric pile according to a target gas circulation flow rate under the condition that the fuel cell system is determined to be in a starting stage;
under the condition that the starting stage is determined to be finished, controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen into an anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a second gas supply rate, and controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen at an anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a second gas exhaust rate;
wherein the first air supply rate is less than the second air supply rate and the first air discharge rate is less than the second air discharge rate.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system, in the starting process of the fuel cell from the inert shutdown state to the active operation state, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is reduced, the circulation quantity of anode gas of the electric pile is increased, the concentration difference of reactants in the whole anode flow field of the electric pile is reduced, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is effectively prevented from being corroded by high potential, and the performance life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the determining that the start-up phase is over includes:
under the condition that the voltage of the electric pile reaches a target voltage threshold value, controlling the electric pile to operate according to a constant voltage output mode;
and determining that the starting stage is finished under the condition that the current of the electric pile operating in the constant voltage output mode reaches a target current threshold value.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the target voltage threshold is 0.82 volts/cell-0.85 volts/cell and the target current threshold is 0.01 amperes per square centimeter-0.2 amperes per square centimeter.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the first air supply rate to the second air supply rate is 2% -20%.
According to one embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the first and second bleed rates is 2% -20%.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a control device for a fuel cell system including a stack, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, and an anode gas circulation device, the device comprising:
a first control module for controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a first gas supply rate, controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a first gas exhaust rate, and controlling the anode gas circulation device to control the anode gas circulation of the electric pile according to a target gas circulation flow rate, in the case that the fuel cell system is determined to be in a start-up stage;
the second control module is used for controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen into the anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a second gas supply rate and controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust the nitrogen at the anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a second gas exhaust rate under the condition that the starting stage is determined to be finished;
wherein the first air supply rate is less than the second air supply rate and the first air discharge rate is less than the second air discharge rate.
According to the control device of the fuel cell system, in the starting process from the inert shutdown state to the active running state of the fuel cell, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is reduced, the circulation quantity of anode gas of the electric pile is increased, the concentration difference of reactants in the whole anode flow field of the electric pile is reduced, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is effectively prevented from being corroded by high potential, and the performance life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a fuel cell system comprising:
a galvanic pile;
the anode gas supply mechanism is connected with an anode gas inlet of the electric pile and is used for inputting hydrogen into the anode gas inlet of the electric pile;
an anode exhaust mechanism connected to the anode gas outlet of the stack, the anode exhaust mechanism being configured to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack;
the anode gas circulation device is connected with an anode gas inlet of the electric pile and is used for controlling the anode gas circulation of the electric pile;
and a controller electrically connected to the anode gas supply mechanism, the anode exhaust mechanism, and the anode gas circulation device, the controller being configured to control operations of the anode gas supply mechanism, the anode exhaust mechanism, and the anode gas circulation device based on the control method of the fuel cell system of the first aspect.
According to the fuel cell system, in the starting process from the inert shutdown state to the active running state of the fuel cell, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is reduced, the circulation quantity of anode gas of the electric pile is increased, the concentration difference of the whole reactants in the anode flow field of the electric pile is reduced, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is effectively prevented from being corroded by high potential, and the performance life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor implements the control method of the fuel cell system according to the first aspect when executing the computer program.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the control method of the fuel cell system as described in the first aspect above.
In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method of controlling a fuel cell system as described in the first aspect above.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
fig. 1 is one of flow charts of a control method of a fuel cell system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a second flow chart of a control method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a control device of a fuel cell system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
the device comprises a galvanic pile 210, a hydrogen supplementing valve 220, a nitrogen discharging valve 230, a hydrogen circulating pump 240, a steam-water separator 250, a drain valve 251 and a one-way valve 260.
Detailed Description
Technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of the protection of the present application.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged, as appropriate, such that embodiments of the present application may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein, and that the objects identified by "first," "second," etc. are generally of a type and not limited to the number of objects, e.g., the first object may be one or more. Furthermore, in the description and claims, "and/or" means at least one of the connected objects, and the character "/", generally means that the associated object is an "or" relationship.
The control method of the fuel cell system, the control device of the fuel cell system, the electronic device and the readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The control method of the fuel cell system is applicable to the terminal, and can be executed by hardware or software in the terminal.
The terminal includes, but is not limited to, a portable communication device such as a mobile phone or tablet having a touch sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad). It should also be appreciated that in some embodiments, the terminal may not be a portable communication device, but rather a desktop computer having a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch screen display and/or a touch pad).
In the following various embodiments, a terminal including a display and a touch sensitive surface is described. However, it should be understood that the terminal may include one or more other physical user interface devices such as a physical keyboard, mouse, and joystick.
The execution body of the control method of the fuel cell system provided in the embodiment of the present application may be an electronic device or a functional module or a functional entity capable of implementing the control method of the fuel cell system in the electronic device, where the electronic device mentioned in the embodiment of the present application includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a camera, a wearable device, and the like, and the control method of the fuel cell system provided in the embodiment of the present application is described below by taking the electronic device as an execution body as an example.
The fuel cell system provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a stack 210, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, and an anode gas circulation device.
The anode gas supply mechanism is used for inputting hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210, the anode gas exhaust mechanism is used for exhausting nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210, and the anode gas circulation device is used for controlling the anode gas circulation of the stack 210.
As shown in fig. 2, the anode gas supply mechanism may be a hydrogen supplementing valve 220, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 being opened to supply hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210; the anode exhaust mechanism may be a nitrogen exhaust valve 230, the nitrogen exhaust valve 230 being opened to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210.
The anode gas circulation means may be a hydrogen circulation pump 240, the hydrogen circulation pump 240 being connected between an anode gas inlet of the stack 210 and an anode gas outlet of the stack 210, the hydrogen circulation pump 240 may control gas circulation at the anode side of the stack 210.
The fuel cell system is in a start-up phase, and the stack 210 of the fuel cell system starts from an inert state in which the anode and cathode gases are not electrochemically reacted to an active state in which the anode contains hydrogen and the cathode contains oxygen.
It should be noted that, in the inert state, the gas in the anode and the cathode in the stack 210 may be hydrogen/nitrogen, nitrogen/air or a combination of air/air, and during the start-up period from the inert state to the active state, the gas in the anode and the cathode in the stack 210 is replaced by hydrogen/oxygen or a combination of hydrogen/air, and during the start-up period, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell system is easily corroded by an abnormally high potential, which affects the performance life of the fuel cell.
As shown in fig. 1, the control method of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present application includes: step 110 and step 120.
In step 110, in the case where it is determined that the fuel cell system is in the start-up stage, the anode gas supply mechanism is controlled to supply hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210 at the first gas supply rate, the anode gas exhaust mechanism is controlled to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210 at the first gas exhaust rate, and the anode gas circulation device is controlled to control the anode gas circulation of the stack 210 at the target gas circulation flow rate.
The target gas circulation flow may be the maximum gas circulation flow allowed by the anode gas circulation device, and the anode gas circulation device is controlled to control the anode gas circulation of the electric pile 210 according to the target gas circulation flow, so that the anode gas circulation volume may be increased, and the hydrogen concentration difference of the whole anode flow field of the electric pile 210 may be reduced.
In step 120, in the case where it is determined that the start-up phase is completed, the anode gas supply mechanism is controlled to supply hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210 at the second gas supply rate, and the anode gas exhaust mechanism is controlled to exhaust nitrogen at the anode gas outlet of the stack 210 at the second gas exhaust rate.
Wherein the first air supply rate is less than the second air supply rate and the first air discharge rate is less than the second air discharge rate.
The first air supply rate and the first air supply rate used in the start-up phase are slower air supply rates and air supply rates than the second air supply rate and the second air supply rate used in the normal operation phase after the start-up phase is completed.
In this embodiment, during the start-up phase, the anode gas supply mechanism is controlled to input hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210 according to the first gas supply rate, the anode gas exhaust mechanism is controlled to exhaust the nitrogen at the anode gas outlet of the stack 210 according to the first gas exhaust rate, the speed of charging the anode of the stack 210 with hydrogen is reduced, the anode gas circulation device is controlled to control the anode gas circulation of the stack 210 according to the target gas circulation flow rate, the anode gas circulation volume of the stack 210 is increased, the difference of the hydrogen concentration in the whole anode flow field of the stack 210 is minimized, and the synchronous lifting of the whole hydrogen concentration in the anode flow field of the stack 210 is realized.
The change in the electrode potential of the fuel cell depends on the change in the reactant concentration, and the smaller the change in the reactant concentration, the smaller the electrode potential change.
In the related art, the gas purge speed is increased by using a higher anode pressure to reduce the time of the over-high cell voltage state, but the higher anode pressure may cause a severe change of the reactant concentration, which may affect the electric potential impact on the fuel cell stack 210, and affect the fuel cell performance life.
In this embodiment of the present application, a milder active gas replacement manner is adopted, a slower first gas supply rate and a first gas supply rate are used to perform gas filling control in a start stage, so that the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode of the electric pile 210 is reduced, a target gas circulation flow is used to perform gas circulation control, the gas circulation volume of the anode of the electric pile 210 is increased, the overall reactant concentration difference of the anode flow field of the electric pile 210 is minimized, the overall potential difference is smaller, and corrosion of the potential difference in the active area to the membrane electrode can be effectively avoided.
According to the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the application, in the starting process of the fuel cell from the inert shutdown state to the active operation state, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is reduced, the anode gas circulation volume of the electric pile 210 is increased, the concentration difference of the reactants in the whole anode flow field of the electric pile 210 is reduced, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is effectively prevented from being corroded by high potential, and the performance life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In some embodiments, step 120, determining the end of the startup phase may include:
in the case that it is determined that the voltage of the stack 210 reaches the target voltage threshold, controlling the stack 210 to operate in a constant voltage output mode;
in the event that it is determined that the current at which the stack 210 operates in the constant voltage output mode reaches the target current threshold, it is determined that the start-up phase is over.
In this embodiment, the voltage of the stack 210 is gradually raised during the start-up of the stack 210 of the fuel cell system from the inactive state to the active state, and when it is determined that the voltage of the stack 210 reaches the target voltage threshold, the stack 210 is controlled to operate in the constant voltage output mode, and the voltage of the stack 210 is constant.
The stack 210 operates in the constant voltage output mode, the current of the stack 210 is gradually increased, and when it is determined that the current of the stack 210 reaches the target current threshold, it is determined that the start-up phase of the fuel cell system is ended, and the fuel cell system is in the normal operation phase.
In actual execution, it is determined that the start-up phase is ended, and the operation phase is entered, the anode gas supply mechanism of the fuel cell system supplies hydrogen gas to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210 at the second gas supply rate, and the anode gas exhaust mechanism discharges nitrogen gas from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210 at the second gas exhaust rate.
The second air supply rate and the second air supply rate used in the operation stage are faster air supply rate and air supply rate than the first air supply rate and the first air supply rate used in the start-up stage, and can effectively improve the reaction rate of the electric pile 210.
A specific embodiment is described below.
As shown in fig. 3, the fuel cell system is started.
The hydrogen circulation pump 240 of the fuel cell system is controlled to operate at a maximum speed, and the anode gas circulation amount of the stack 210 is increased.
The hydrogen supplementing valve 220 is controlled to provide hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the first air supply rate, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 supplements hydrogen in a trace amount, the nitrogen discharging valve 230 is controlled to discharge the gas of the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the first air discharge rate, the nitrogen discharging valve 230 discharges air in a trace amount, and the speed of charging hydrogen to the anode is reduced.
When the determined voltage reaches the threshold, the control stack 210 operates in a constant voltage output mode; when operating in the constant voltage output mode, the current is determined to reach the threshold value, the nitrogen removal valve 230 is controlled to remove the gas of the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the second exhaust rate, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 is controlled to provide hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the second gas supply rate, the nitrogen removal valve 230 is normally used for removing nitrogen, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 is normally used for supplementing hydrogen, the starting stage is completed, and the fuel cell system is normally operated.
In this embodiment, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is reduced in the start-up stage, the circulation amount of anode gas of the electric pile 210 is increased, the concentration difference of the reactants in the whole anode flow field of the electric pile 210 is reduced, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is effectively prevented from being corroded by high potential, the performance life of the fuel cell is prolonged, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is adjusted in the operation stage, and the reaction rate of the electric pile 210 is improved.
In some embodiments, the target voltage threshold may be 0.82 volts/cell-0.85 volts/cell.
For example, the target voltage threshold may be 0.83 volts per cell, and during the start-up phase, when it is determined that the voltage of the stack 210 is raised to 0.83 volts per cell, the stack 210 is controlled to operate in a constant voltage output mode.
In some embodiments, the target current threshold may be 0.01 ampere per square centimeter to 0.2 ampere per square centimeter.
For example, the target current threshold may be 0.05 amperes per square centimeter (A/cm) 2 ) The electric pile 210 operates in a constant voltage output mode, and the current of the electric pile 210 is gradually increased to 0.05A/cm 2 And determining that the starting phase is ended.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the first air supply rate to the second air supply rate is 2% -20%.
In this embodiment, the first air supply rate is used in the start-up phase to perform micro-hydrogen supplement, the second air supply rate is used in the normal phase to perform normal hydrogen supplement, the micro-hydrogen supplement rate is 2% -20% of the normal hydrogen supplement rate, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode in the start-up phase is ensured to be slower, and the reactant concentration difference of the whole anode flow field of the electric pile 210 is reduced.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the first bleed rate to the second bleed rate is 2% -20%.
In this embodiment, the first exhaust rate is used in the start-up phase to perform micro-nitrogen removal, the second exhaust rate is used in the normal phase to perform normal nitrogen removal, the micro-nitrogen removal rate is 2% -20% of the normal nitrogen removal rate, the speed of anode nitrogen removal in the start-up phase is ensured to be slower, and the reactant concentration difference of the whole anode flow field of the galvanic pile 210 is reduced.
In the control method of a fuel cell system provided in the embodiment of the present application, the execution body may be a control device of the fuel cell system. In the embodiment of the present application, a control device of a fuel cell system provided in the embodiment of the present application will be described by taking a control method of the fuel cell system performed by the control device of the fuel cell system as an example.
The embodiment also provides a control device of a fuel cell system, which includes a stack 210, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, and an anode gas circulation device.
As shown in fig. 4, the control device of the fuel cell system includes:
a first control module 410 for controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen gas to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210 at a first gas supply rate, controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen gas from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210 at a first gas exhaust rate, and controlling the anode gas circulation device to control the anode gas circulation of the stack 210 at a target gas circulation flow rate, in the case that it is determined that the fuel cell system is in the start-up stage;
a second control module 420, configured to control the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210 at a second gas supply rate and control the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210 at a second exhaust rate when it is determined that the start-up phase is completed;
wherein the first air supply rate is less than the second air supply rate and the first air discharge rate is less than the second air discharge rate.
According to the control device of the fuel cell system, in the starting process from the inert shutdown state to the active operation state of the fuel cell, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is reduced, the anode gas circulation volume of the electric pile 210 is increased, the concentration difference of the whole reactant in the anode flow field of the electric pile 210 is reduced, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is effectively prevented from being corroded by high potential, and the performance life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In some embodiments, the second control module 420 is configured to control the stack 210 to operate in a constant voltage output mode if it is determined that the voltage of the stack 210 reaches the target voltage threshold;
in the event that it is determined that the current at which the stack 210 operates in the constant voltage output mode reaches the target current threshold, it is determined that the start-up phase is over.
In some embodiments, the target voltage threshold is 0.82 volts per cell-0.85 volts per cell and the target current threshold is 0.01 amperes per square centimeter-0.2 amperes per square centimeter.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the first air supply rate to the second air supply rate is 2% -20%.
In some embodiments, the ratio of the first bleed rate to the second bleed rate is 2% -20%.
The control device of the fuel cell system in the embodiment of the present application may be an electronic device, or may be a component in the electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device may be a terminal, or may be other devices than a terminal. By way of example, the electronic device may be a mobile phone, tablet computer, notebook computer, palm computer, vehicle-mounted electronic device, mobile internet appliance (Mobile Internet Device, MID), augmented reality (augmented reality, AR)/Virtual Reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer, UMPC, netbook or personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), etc., but may also be a server, network attached storage (Network Attached Storage, NAS), personal computer (personal computer, PC), television (TV), teller machine or self-service machine, etc., and the embodiments of the present application are not limited in particular.
The control device of the fuel cell system in the embodiment of the present application may be a device having an operating system. The operating system may be an Android operating system, an IOS operating system, or other possible operating systems, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
The control device of the fuel cell system provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented by the method embodiment of fig. 1 or fig. 3, and in order to avoid repetition, a description is omitted here.
The embodiment of the application provides a fuel cell system, which comprises: a stack 210, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, an anode gas circulation device, and a controller.
An anode gas supply mechanism is connected to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210, and is used to input hydrogen gas to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210.
An anode exhaust mechanism is connected to the anode gas outlet of the stack 210, and the anode exhaust mechanism is used to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210.
An anode gas circulation device is connected to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210, and the anode gas circulation device is used to control the anode gas circulation of the stack 210.
The controller is electrically connected with the anode gas supply mechanism, the anode exhaust mechanism and the anode gas circulation device, and is used for controlling the anode gas supply mechanism, the anode exhaust mechanism and the anode gas circulation device to work based on the control method of the fuel cell system.
As shown in fig. 2, the anode gas supply mechanism may be a hydrogen supplementing valve 220, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 being opened to supply hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the stack 210; the anode exhaust mechanism may be a nitrogen exhaust valve 230, the nitrogen exhaust valve 230 being opened to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack 210.
The anode gas circulation means may be a hydrogen circulation pump 240, the hydrogen circulation pump 240 being connected between an anode gas inlet of the stack 210 and an anode gas outlet of the stack 210, the hydrogen circulation pump 240 may control gas circulation at the anode side of the stack 210.
A specific embodiment is described below.
As shown in fig. 3, the fuel cell system is started.
The hydrogen circulation pump 240 of the fuel cell system is controlled to operate at a maximum speed, and the anode gas circulation amount of the stack 210 is increased.
The hydrogen supplementing valve 220 is controlled to provide hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the first air supply rate, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 supplements hydrogen in a trace amount, the nitrogen discharging valve 230 is controlled to discharge the gas of the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the first air discharge rate, the nitrogen discharging valve 230 discharges air in a trace amount, and the speed of charging hydrogen to the anode is reduced.
When the determined voltage reaches the threshold, the control stack 210 operates in a constant voltage output mode; when operating in the constant voltage output mode, the current is determined to reach the threshold value, the nitrogen removal valve 230 is controlled to remove the gas of the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the second exhaust rate, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 is controlled to provide hydrogen to the anode of the electric pile 210 according to the second gas supply rate, the nitrogen removal valve 230 is normally used for removing nitrogen, the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 is normally used for supplementing hydrogen, the starting stage is completed, and the fuel cell system is normally operated.
According to the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the application, in the starting process of the fuel cell from the inert shutdown state to the active running state, the speed of filling hydrogen into the anode is reduced, the anode gas circulation quantity of the electric pile 210 is increased, the concentration difference of the reactants in the whole anode flow field of the electric pile 210 is reduced, the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is effectively prevented from being corroded by high potential, and the performance life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
In some embodiments, the fuel cell system further comprises: a steam-water separator 250 and a one-way valve 260.
The steam-water separator 250 is provided with a drain valve 251, an anode gas outlet of the electric pile 210 is connected with an input end of the steam-water separator 250, a first output end of the steam-water separator 250 is connected with an input end of the anode gas exhaust mechanism, a second output end of the steam-water separator 250 is connected with an input end of the one-way valve 260, an output end of the one-way valve 260 is connected with a first input end of the anode gas circulation device, the anode gas supply mechanism is connected with a second input end of the anode gas circulation device, and an output end of the anode gas circulation device is connected with an anode gas inlet of the electric pile 210.
Among them, the steam-water separator 250 is used to separate moisture in the anode gas outlet exhaust gas, and the collected moisture is discharged from the drain valve 251.
In this embodiment, hydrogen gas sequentially passes through the hydrogen supplementing valve 220 and the hydrogen circulating pump 240, and enters the anode gas inlet of the electric pile 210, and after the gas discharged from the anode gas outlet of the electric pile 210 is separated by the steam-water separator 250 to remove water, a part of the gas enters the hydrogen circulating pump 240 through the one-way valve 260 to participate in the gas circulation of the anode of the electric pile 210, and the other part of the gas is discharged through the nitrogen discharging valve 230.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, the embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 500, including a processor 501, a memory 502, and a computer program stored in the memory 502 and capable of running on the processor 501, where the program when executed by the processor 501 implements the respective processes of the control method embodiment of the fuel cell system, and the same technical effects can be achieved, and for avoiding repetition, a detailed description is omitted herein.
The electronic device in the embodiment of the application includes the mobile electronic device and the non-mobile electronic device described above.
The embodiments of the present application further provide a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program when executed by a processor implements each process of the above-mentioned embodiments of the control method of the fuel cell system, and the same technical effects can be achieved, so that repetition is avoided, and no further description is given here.
Wherein the processor is a processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes computer readable storage medium such as computer readable memory ROM, random access memory RAM, magnetic or optical disk, etc.
The embodiment of the application also provides a computer program product, which comprises a computer program, and the computer program realizes the control method of the fuel cell system when being executed by a processor.
Wherein the processor is a processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes computer readable storage medium such as computer readable memory ROM, random access memory RAM, magnetic or optical disk, etc.
The embodiment of the application further provides a chip, where the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, where the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to run a program or an instruction, implement each process of the control method embodiment of the fuel cell system, and achieve the same technical effect, so that repetition is avoided, and no further description is given here.
It should be understood that the chips referred to in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as system-on-chip chips, chip systems, or system-on-chip chips, etc.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatus in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing the functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing the functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in an opposite order depending on the functions involved, e.g., the described methods may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiment method may be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, but of course may also be implemented by means of hardware, but in many cases the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art in the form of a computer software product stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), comprising several instructions for causing a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in the embodiments of the present application.
The examples of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiment 5, which is merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art
Many forms of the teaching of the present application can be made without departing from the spirit of the application and the scope of the claims.
In the description of the present specification, reference is made to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," and the like,
The description of "an example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the above-mentioned
The schematic representations of the terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: in no take-off
Numerous variations, modifications, substitutions and changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the application, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (11)

1. A control method of a fuel cell system, characterized in that the fuel cell system includes a stack, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, and an anode gas circulation device, the method comprising:
controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen to an anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a first gas supply rate, controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen at an anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a first gas exhaust rate, and controlling the anode gas circulation device to control anode gas circulation of the electric pile according to a target gas circulation flow rate under the condition that the fuel cell system is determined to be in a starting stage;
under the condition that the starting stage is determined to be finished, controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen into an anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a second gas supply rate, and controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen at an anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a second gas exhaust rate;
wherein the first air supply rate is less than the second air supply rate and the first air discharge rate is less than the second air discharge rate.
2. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that the determining that the start-up phase is ended includes:
under the condition that the voltage of the electric pile reaches a target voltage threshold value, controlling the electric pile to operate according to a constant voltage output mode;
and determining that the starting stage is finished under the condition that the current of the electric pile operating in the constant voltage output mode reaches a target current threshold value.
3. The control method of the fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the target voltage threshold is 0.82 v/cell-0.85 v/cell, and the target current threshold is 0.01 amp/cm-0.2 amp/cm.
4. A control method of a fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a ratio of the first air supply rate and the second air supply rate is 2% to 20%.
5. A control method of a fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a ratio of the first exhaust rate and the second exhaust rate is 2% to 20%.
6. A control apparatus for a fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system includes a stack, an anode gas supply mechanism, an anode gas exhaust mechanism, and an anode gas circulation device, the apparatus comprising:
a first control module for controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen to the anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a first gas supply rate, controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a first gas exhaust rate, and controlling the anode gas circulation device to control the anode gas circulation of the electric pile according to a target gas circulation flow rate, in the case that the fuel cell system is determined to be in a start-up stage;
the second control module is used for controlling the anode gas supply mechanism to input hydrogen into the anode gas inlet of the electric pile according to a second gas supply rate and controlling the anode gas exhaust mechanism to exhaust the nitrogen at the anode gas outlet of the electric pile according to a second gas exhaust rate under the condition that the starting stage is determined to be finished;
wherein the first air supply rate is less than the second air supply rate and the first air discharge rate is less than the second air discharge rate.
7. A fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
a galvanic pile;
the anode gas supply mechanism is connected with an anode gas inlet of the electric pile and is used for inputting hydrogen into the anode gas inlet of the electric pile;
an anode exhaust mechanism connected to the anode gas outlet of the stack, the anode exhaust mechanism being configured to exhaust nitrogen from the anode gas outlet of the stack;
the anode gas circulation device is connected with an anode gas inlet of the electric pile and is used for controlling the anode gas circulation of the electric pile;
a controller electrically connected to the anode gas supply mechanism, the anode exhaust mechanism, and the anode gas circulation device, the controller being configured to control operations of the anode gas supply mechanism, the anode exhaust mechanism, and the anode gas circulation device based on the control method of the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
8. The fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising: the steam-water separator is provided with a drain valve, an anode gas outlet of the electric pile is connected with an input end of the steam-water separator, a first output end of the steam-water separator is connected with an input end of the anode gas exhaust mechanism, a second output end of the steam-water separator is connected with an input end of the one-way valve, an output end of the one-way valve is connected with a first input end of the anode gas circulation device, the anode gas supply mechanism is connected with a second input end of the anode gas circulation device, and an output end of the anode gas circulation device is connected with an anode gas inlet of the electric pile.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the control method of the fuel cell system of any one of claims 1-5 when the program is executed by the processor.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the control method of the fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
11. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a method of controlling a fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1-5.
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