CN116124413A - Fan wake flow observation device and method based on snow particles - Google Patents
Fan wake flow observation device and method based on snow particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN116124413A CN116124413A CN202211591561.4A CN202211591561A CN116124413A CN 116124413 A CN116124413 A CN 116124413A CN 202211591561 A CN202211591561 A CN 202211591561A CN 116124413 A CN116124413 A CN 116124413A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/26—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fan wake observing device and method based on snow particles, and relates to the field of fan wake observation. The light source is used for providing illumination for the tail flow area of the fan; the artificial snowfall device is used for providing continuously descending snow particles for the tail flow area of the fan; the imaging device is used for shooting continuous images of snow particles in the wake flow area of the fan; the data acquisition equipment is used for receiving the continuous images of the snow particles shot by the imaging equipment and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles to acquire wake characteristics of a wake area of the fan. By simulating the wake flow field of the fan, snow particles are used as a flow tracer, and the speed distribution of the wake flow field is obtained by observation, so that the problems of higher observation difficulty and higher accuracy deviation in the traditional observation method are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fan wake observation, in particular to a fan wake observation device and method based on snow particles.
Background
The wind turbine runs in the near-ground atmospheric turbulence and is inevitably positioned in wake interference of other surrounding units, wind flows through the wind turbine to form wake at the downstream of the wind turbine, and then the wind turbine spreads and meanders in the cross wind direction and the longitudinal direction, and the wake structure of the wind turbine is complex and comprises turbulence, bypass flow and rotating airflow. The wake effect not only reduces the output power of the downstream unit, but also increases the unsteady load of the blade, and simultaneously affects the gas-solid coupling characteristic of the blade and generates additional aerodynamic noise. In many researches on the wake flow of the fan, the observation and visualization of the wake flow field of the fan are particularly important, and the method has important significance for researching the form, evolution, mutual interference fusion and the like of the wake flow.
Generally, the visual observation difficulty of a flow field is high, one of two common observation modes is that an observation site is arranged for observation, the method is limited by the number and the positions of the measurement points, and the accuracy deviation of the observation is high; secondly, based on the laser radar technology, the method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and uneconomical for observing the flow field, and only provides the point velocity characteristics under the rough space-time resolution for the field measurement technology of wake flow observation, such as: the velocity profile results in inaccurate measurements.
On the other hand, the simulated observation of the flow field is also greatly hindered. Near-surface phenomena such as wake effects, etc., occurring in the current Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) are limited in laboratory research and numerical simulation due to the inability to reproduce the complexities of real atmospheric flow conditions and the limited spatial dimensions.
Based on the problems, the application provides a novel fan wake observing method, which can observe the situation of the fan wake more simply and conveniently and is convenient for later research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fan wake flow observation device and method based on snow particles, which are used for obtaining the speed distribution of a wake flow field through simulating the fan wake flow field by observation so as to solve the problems of larger observation difficulty and larger accuracy deviation in the traditional observation method.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present application provides a fan wake observing apparatus based on snow particles, including a light source, an artificial snowfall device, an imaging device and a data acquisition device,
the light source is used for providing illumination for the tail flow area of the fan;
the artificial snowfall device is used for providing continuously descending snow particles for the tail flow area of the fan;
the imaging device is used for shooting continuous images of snow particles in the wake flow area of the fan;
the data acquisition equipment is used for receiving the continuous images of the snow particles shot by the imaging equipment and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles to acquire wake characteristics of a wake area of the fan.
Optionally, the light source is a collimation searchlight.
Optionally, the light source further includes a light adjusting element, and the light adjusting element is used for adjusting the light emitted by the light source to a preset illumination range, so that the adjusted light can completely cover the wake area of the fan.
Optionally, the light source is disposed on the mobile device.
Optionally, the imaging device comprises a sensor and a macro imaging lens.
Optionally, the adjusted light forms a fan-shaped surface light source.
Optionally, the direction of the fan-shaped area light source is perpendicular to the wind direction of the fan wake.
Optionally, the data acquisition device is specifically configured to:
acquiring the displacement difference of the same snow particles at the previous moment and the later moment;
acquiring a time difference between a previous moment and a later moment;
determining an instantaneous velocity of the snow particles from the displacement difference and the time difference;
the instantaneous speed of all snow particles in the fan wake area is obtained to obtain the speed distribution of the fan wake area.
To achieve the above object, another aspect of the present application provides a fan wake observing method based on snow particles, including:
providing illumination to the wake area of the fan with a light source;
providing continuously descending snow particles to a tail flow area of a fan by using artificial snowfall equipment;
shooting continuous images of snow particles in a wake area of a fan by using imaging equipment;
and receiving continuous images of the snow particles shot by the imaging equipment by utilizing the data acquisition equipment, and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles to acquire wake characteristics of a wake area of the fan.
Optionally, providing illumination to the region of the turbine wake with a light source includes:
the light emitted by the light source is adjusted to a preset illumination range by the light adjusting element, so that the adjusted light can completely cover the wake flow area of the fan.
Optionally, the adjusted light forms a fan-shaped area light source, and the direction of the fan-shaped area light source is perpendicular to the wind direction of the fan wake.
Optionally, the data acquisition device is used for receiving continuous images of the snow particles shot by the imaging device, and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles to obtain wake characteristics of a wake area of the fan, and the method includes:
acquiring the displacement difference of the same snow particles at the previous moment and the later moment;
acquiring a time difference between a previous moment and a later moment;
determining an instantaneous velocity of the snow particles from the displacement difference and the time difference;
the instantaneous speed of all snow particles in the fan wake area is obtained to obtain the speed distribution of the fan wake area.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides continuously descending snow particles for the wake flow area of the fan by using the artificial snowfall equipment so as to simulate the wake flow field of the fan and realize the visual observation of the wake flow of the fan. The device is comparatively simple and convenient, observes the degree of difficulty less, and in the research of fan wake, has effectively reduced time and human cost.
2. According to the method, the snow particles are used as the flow tracer, and the wake characteristics of the wake area of the fan are obtained by shooting and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles in the wake area of the fan, so that the measurement result obtained by the method is high in precision and small in accuracy deviation.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fan wake observation device according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a fan wake observing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a fan wake observation method of one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of a method of calculating the instantaneous velocity of snow particles in a wake region of a wind turbine according to one embodiment of the present application.
Wherein the above figures include the following reference numerals:
1. a light source; 12. a light adjusting element; 2. a manual snowfall device;
3. an image forming apparatus; 31. a sensor; 32. a macro imaging lens;
4. and the data acquisition equipment.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The invention is described in further detail below in connection with specific examples which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
In the description, unless clearly indicated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Examples:
the main aim of the application is to provide a fan wake observing device and method based on snow particles, which can provide long-time particle seeding in a large sampling area in a manual snowfall mode, simulate a fan wake flow field, observe the instantaneous speed of the obtained snow particles to obtain the speed distribution of the wake flow field, and solve the problems of larger observing difficulty and larger accuracy deviation in the traditional observing method.
To achieve the above object, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present application proposes a fan wake observing device based on snow particles.
In fig. 1, a fan wake observing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, comprising a light source 1, an artificial snowfall device 2, an imaging device 3 and a data acquisition device 4.
The use principle of the device is as follows: the artificial snowfall equipment 2 is used for providing continuously descending snow particles for a wake flow area of a fan so as to simulate the wake flow field of the fan, the light source 1 is used for illuminating the snow particles, the imaging equipment 3 is used for tracking and shooting continuous images of the snow particles in the wake flow area of the fan based on good illumination conditions, the data acquisition equipment 4 is connected into a computer through the imaging equipment 3 to acquire data, and the instantaneous speed of all the snow particles in the wake flow area of the fan is calculated and obtained.
A fan wake observing apparatus of a specific embodiment of the present application is shown in fig. 2.
The light source 1 is a kilowatt-level collimation searchlight and is used for providing illumination for a tail flow area of the fan and illuminating snow particles.
Specifically, the light source 1 further includes a light adjusting element 12, configured to adjust light emitted by the light source to a preset illumination range. Preferably, a curved reflector is selected as the light adjusting element, and the angle of the expansion of the reflector is controlled by adjusting the curvature of the reflector, so that the adjusted light can completely cover the wake area of the fan.
The light adjusted by the light adjusting element 12 forms a fan-shaped area light source, and the direction of the fan-shaped area light source is perpendicular to the wind direction of the fan wake flow and is used for illuminating snow particles.
In addition, the light source 1 can be arranged on the mobile device, in the embodiment, the light source 1 is fixed on the trailer, the distance between the light source 1 and the illumination plate is adjusted by moving the trailer, the illumination plate can be flexibly aligned according to measurement requirements, the maneuverability of the device is enhanced, and meanwhile, the illumination intensity required by snow particle imaging is met.
The artificial snowfall apparatus 2 is used to provide continuously descending snow particles to the wake area of the fan, which can more realistically simulate the wake flow field of the fan by providing long-term snow particle seeding in a harmless and non-invasive manner over a large sampling area. Meanwhile, the snow particles are used as wake flow field flow tracers, and flow visualization of coherent movement at the wake height of the fan is realized through good traceability and light scattering capability of the snow particles.
The imaging device 3 is used to take successive images of snow particles in the wake area of the fan.
Specifically, the imaging apparatus 3 includes a sensor 31 and a macro imaging lens 32. The sensor 31 has high resolution, and the resolution can quantify the flow field time-space evolution caused by the rotating blades in the wake of the fan, so that the accuracy of the photographed image is higher. Meanwhile, the macro imaging lens 32 in the imaging device 3 can capture signals under the full size of the sensor 31, and at a higher photographing frequency, continuous images of snow particles in a fan wake area can still have higher resolution, so that the wind speed distribution in an illumination plane can be conveniently obtained.
The data acquisition device 4 is accessed to a computer by the imaging device 3 for data acquisition and receives continuous images of snow particles shot by the imaging device 3. The detailed acquisition steps are as follows:
first, the displacement difference between the previous time and the next time of the same snow particle is obtained.
And secondly, acquiring the time difference between the previous time and the later time.
Next, the instantaneous speed of the snow particles is determined from the displacement difference and the time difference.
And finally, acquiring the instantaneous speed of all snow particles in the wake flow area of the fan.
Examples are as follows: the displacement difference deltax of the snow particles 1 at the times t2 and t1 is 2mm and the time difference deltat is 1 second, and the instantaneous velocity v of the snow particles is 2/1=2 mm/s, in such a way that the instantaneous velocities of all the snow particles in the wake area of the fan are obtained.
In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present application provides a fan wake observing method based on snow particles. And obtaining the displacement of the snow particles in the illumination flow field through shutter photographing in a short time, measuring the displacement of the same particle at the previous moment and the next moment, taking the ratio of the displacement difference to the time difference as the instantaneous speed of the snow particles, and accordingly obtaining the speed distribution of the wake flow field.
A fan wake observation method according to an embodiment of the present application is shown in fig. 3, and the flow includes:
s1, providing illumination for a tail flow area of a fan by using a light source 1.
Specifically, the light emitted by the light source is adjusted to a preset illumination range by using the light adjusting element 12 in the light source 1, so that the adjusted light can completely cover the wake area of the fan, and snow particles can be tracked conveniently.
In addition, the light adjusted by the light adjusting element 12 forms a fan-shaped area light source, and the direction of the fan-shaped area light source is perpendicular to the wind direction of the fan wake flow, so that the snow particles can be conveniently illuminated.
S2, continuously descending snow particles are provided to a tail flow area of the fan by using the artificial snowfall equipment 2.
The particles are continuously sown for a long time in a large range so as to better simulate the wake flow field of the fan. Meanwhile, the snow particles are used as a flow tracer of a wake flow field, and flow visualization of coherent movement at the wake height of the fan is realized according to good traceability and light scattering capability of the snow particles.
S3, utilizing the imaging device 3 to shoot continuous images of snow particles in the wake area of the fan.
Specifically, at a higher photographing frequency, continuous images of the snow particles in the wake area of the fan are photographed by using the sensor 31, so that the instantaneous track of the snow particles in the sampling area is conveniently analyzed, and the wind speed distribution in the illumination plane is obtained.
S4, receiving the continuous images of the snow particles captured by the imaging device 3 by the data acquisition device 4, and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles.
Specifically, the imaging device 3 accesses the data acquisition device 4 to the computer to acquire continuous images of the snow particles, and acquires the instantaneous speed of all the snow particles in the fan wake area by analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles, thereby acquiring the wake characteristics of the fan wake area. The detailed procedure for obtaining the instantaneous speed of the snow particles is as follows:
first, the displacement difference of the same snow particles at the previous and subsequent times is acquired.
And secondly, acquiring the time difference between the previous time and the later time.
Next, the instantaneous speed of the snow particles is determined from the displacement difference and the time difference.
And finally, acquiring the instantaneous speed of all snow particles in the wake area of the fan so as to acquire the speed distribution of the wake area of the fan.
The way the instantaneous velocity of the snow particles is solved is shown in fig. 4, for example as follows: the displacement difference deltax of the snow particles 1 at the times t1 and t2 is 2mm and the time difference deltat is 1 second, the instantaneous velocity v of the snow particles is 2/1=2 mm/s, in such a way that the instantaneous velocity of all the snow particles in the wake area of the fan can be obtained.
Specifically, after the instantaneous speeds of all the snow particles in the wake area of the fan are obtained, the instantaneous speeds of the snow particles are subtracted from the original vector field, so that the instantaneous speed field of the wake of the fan can be obtained, and the generated speed distribution can be used for researching wake characteristics.
In summary, from the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
1. the invention provides continuously descending snow particles for the wake flow area of the fan by using the artificial snowfall equipment so as to simulate the wake flow field of the fan and realize the visual observation of the wake flow of the fan.
2. According to the method, the snow particles are used as the flow tracer, the continuous images of the snow particles in the wake area of the fan are shot and analyzed, the instantaneous speed of the snow particles is obtained, so that wake characteristics of the wake area of the fan are obtained, and the wake characteristics obtained by the method are high in precision and small in accuracy deviation.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A fan wake observing device based on snow particles is characterized by comprising a light source (1), an artificial snowfall device (2), an imaging device (3) and a data acquisition device (4),
the light source (1) is used for providing illumination for a tail flow area of the fan;
-the artificial snowfall device (2) is adapted to provide continuously descending snow particles to the fan wake area;
the imaging device (3) is used for shooting continuous images of snow particles in the wake area of the fan;
the data acquisition device (4) is used for receiving the continuous images of the snow particles shot by the imaging device and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles to acquire wake characteristics of the fan wake area.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the light source (1) is a collimated floodlight.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the light source (1) further comprises a light-adjusting element (12),
the light adjusting element (12) is used for adjusting the light emitted by the light source (1) to a preset illumination range, so that the adjusted light can completely cover the fan wake area.
4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the light source (1) is arranged on a mobile device.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging device (3) comprises a sensor (31) and a macro imaging lens (32).
6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the conditioned light forms a fan-shaped surface light source.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the fan-shaped surface light source is oriented perpendicular to the wind direction of the fan wake.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition device (4) is specifically configured to:
acquiring the displacement difference of the same snow particles at the previous moment and the later moment;
acquiring a time difference between the previous time and the next time;
determining an instantaneous velocity of the snow particles from the displacement difference and the time difference;
and acquiring the instantaneous speed of all snow particles in the fan wake area so as to acquire the speed distribution of the fan wake area.
9. The fan wake observing method based on the snow particles is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing illumination to the wake area of the fan by means of a light source (1);
providing continuously descending snow particles to the fan wake area by using an artificial snowfall device (2);
capturing successive images of snow particles in the wake area of the fan with an imaging device (3);
and receiving continuous images of the snow particles shot by the imaging device (3) by utilizing a data acquisition device (4), and analyzing the continuous images of the snow particles to acquire wake characteristics of the fan wake area.
10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that providing illumination to the region of the turbine wake with a light source (1) comprises:
and the light emitted by the light source is regulated to a preset illumination range by utilizing a light regulating element (12), so that the regulated light can completely cover the wake flow area of the fan.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the conditioned light forms a fan area light source and the fan area light source is oriented perpendicular to the wind direction of the fan wake.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein receiving successive images of the snow particles taken by the imaging device (3) with a data acquisition device (4) and resolving the successive images of the snow particles to obtain wake characteristics of the fan wake region comprises:
acquiring the displacement difference of the same snow particles at the previous moment and the later moment;
acquiring a time difference between the previous time and the next time;
determining an instantaneous velocity of the snow particles from the displacement difference and the time difference;
and acquiring the instantaneous speed of all snow particles in the fan wake area so as to acquire the speed distribution of the fan wake area.
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| CN202211591561.4A CN116124413A (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2022-12-12 | Fan wake flow observation device and method based on snow particles |
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| CN202211591561.4A CN116124413A (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2022-12-12 | Fan wake flow observation device and method based on snow particles |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117147907A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-12-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Wind medium seed tracing method for indicating sub-hundred-meter level flow characteristics and wind medium seed preparation method |
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- 2022-12-12 CN CN202211591561.4A patent/CN116124413A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117147907A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-12-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Wind medium seed tracing method for indicating sub-hundred-meter level flow characteristics and wind medium seed preparation method |
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