CN116124067B - Multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument and measuring method - Google Patents
Multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116124067B CN116124067B CN202310347922.9A CN202310347922A CN116124067B CN 116124067 B CN116124067 B CN 116124067B CN 202310347922 A CN202310347922 A CN 202310347922A CN 116124067 B CN116124067 B CN 116124067B
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/10—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring diameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
- B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument and a measuring method, which belong to the technical field of wheel diameter measurement and comprise a ruler frame, wherein measuring blocks are respectively arranged at two ends of the ruler frame, a displacement sensor is arranged between the two measuring blocks, a pull rope sensor is also arranged on the ruler frame, and the displacement sensor and the pull rope sensor are both connected with a CPU module; when the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is measured, the two measuring blocks, the measuring end of the displacement sensor and the stay cord of the stay cord sensor are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured; the stay cord sensor is used for acquiring the arc length of a section of the tread of the wheel to be tested; the displacement sensor is used for acquiring the displacement of the self measuring end; the CPU module is used for determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the wheel tread to be tested and determining a second wheel diameter according to the displacement acquired by the displacement sensor; and weighting and averaging the first wheel diameter and the second wheel diameter to obtain the final wheel diameter to be measured. Accurate measurement of the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheel diameter measurement, in particular to a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument and a measuring method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
When the diameter of the train wheels is smaller than a safety value, bearing damage, shaft temperature rise, rail and track line damage can be caused, and accidents such as overturning and derailment of the train can be caused when the diameter of the train wheels is serious.
At present, a wheel diameter measuring instrument with a mechanical gauge outfit, an electronic gauge outfit or a laser displacement sensor and the like is mainly adopted, and the geometrical parameters of the train wheels are measured manually. The most known wheel diameter measuring instrument is fixed on a scale frame by adopting a special dial indicator, the measuring end of the special dial indicator is connected with a special measuring head, the upper end of the special measuring head is connected with the measuring end of the special dial indicator through a movable connecting structure, the lower end of the special measuring head is used for being in contact with a standard circular arc, the special dial indicator adopts a transmission ratio of 1:50, when a meter rod moves by 1mm, a display value is changed by 50mm, an indexing value is 0.05mm, and a measuring range is 0-1mm. However, the wheel diameter measuring instrument has multi-point defects, and the first aspect is that the device adopts a mechanical dial indicator, has low precision and small measuring range, and can not meet the requirements of measuring precision and measuring range; the second aspect is that the wheel diameter measuring instrument performs single-point measurement, does not use multi-point information of the tread of the wheel, and has the result of accident.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument and a measuring method, which realize automatic and accurate measurement of the wheel diameter of a wheel to be measured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument is provided, which comprises a ruler frame, wherein measuring blocks are respectively arranged at two ends of the ruler frame, a displacement sensor is arranged between the two measuring blocks, a pull rope sensor is also arranged on the ruler frame, and the displacement sensor and the pull rope sensor are both connected with a CPU module; when the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is measured, the two measuring blocks, the measuring end of the displacement sensor and the stay cord of the stay cord sensor are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured;
the stay cord sensor is used for acquiring the arc length of a section of the tread of the wheel to be tested;
the displacement sensor is used for acquiring the displacement of the self measuring end;
the CPU module is used for determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the wheel tread to be tested and determining a second wheel diameter according to the displacement acquired by the displacement sensor; and weighting and averaging the first wheel diameter and the second wheel diameter to obtain the final wheel diameter to be measured.
In a second aspect, a method for measuring a wheel diameter of a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring apparatus is provided, including:
the measuring block, the measuring end of the displacement sensor and the stay cord of the stay cord sensor are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured;
acquiring a section of arc length of the tread of the wheel to be tested through a stay rope sensor;
obtaining the displacement of a measuring end of a displacement sensor;
determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the wheel tread to be tested, and determining a second wheel diameter according to the displacement obtained by the displacement sensor;
and weighting and averaging the first wheel diameter and the second wheel diameter to obtain the final wheel diameter to be measured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention sets the displacement sensor and the stay cord sensor to measure the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured, adopts the two sensors to measure the wheel diameter, and prevents the problem of inaccurate wheel diameter caused by measurement error when one sensor is adopted to measure the wheel diameter.
2. According to the invention, the plurality of displacement sensors are arranged to measure different positions of the tread of the wheel to be measured, so that the wheel diameters are respectively obtained, and the obtained wheel diameters are weighted and averaged to obtain the accurate wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured, so that the accuracy of the wheel diameter measurement of the wheel to be measured is further ensured.
3. According to the invention, the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is measured by adopting the electronic sensor, and the measured wheel diameter is displayed on the manual interaction module, so that the automatic measurement of the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is realized, and the numerical value is convenient to read.
Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the external structure of the measuring instrument disclosed in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the measuring instrument disclosed in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the structure of an embedded system of the disclosed measuring instrument of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the determination of an intermediate second wheel diameter calculation model disclosed in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second wheel diameter calculation model for determining the side disclosed in example 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of determining a first wheel diameter calculation model disclosed in example 1.
Wherein: 1. the measuring block comprises a measuring block body, a pull rope sensor, a measuring device body, a measuring device control system and a wireless charging module.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1-3, the multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument comprises a ruler frame 7, measuring blocks 1 are respectively arranged at two ends of the ruler frame 7, a displacement sensor 6 is arranged between the two measuring blocks 1, a pull rope sensor 2 is also arranged on the ruler frame, and the displacement sensor 6 and the pull rope sensor 2 are connected with a CPU module; when the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is measured, the measuring ends of the two measuring blocks 1, the displacement sensor 6 and the stay cord of the stay cord sensor 2 are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured;
the stay rope sensor 2 is used for acquiring a section of arc length of the tread of the wheel to be tested;
a displacement sensor 6 for acquiring the displacement of the self-measuring end;
the CPU module is used for determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the wheel tread to be tested and determining a second wheel diameter according to the displacement acquired by the displacement sensor; weighting and averaging the first wheel diameter and the second wheel diameter to obtain the final wheel diameter to be measured;
a standard circle 9 is also included for calibrating the pull rope sensor and the displacement sensor.
In specific implementation, the rope pulling end and the fixed end of the rope pulling sensor 2 are respectively positioned at the outer sides of the two measuring blocks, the rope pulling is positioned at the lower parts of the two measuring blocks 1, and when the wheel diameter measurement is carried out on the wheel to be measured, the rope pulling is attached to one section of the tread of the wheel to be measured, so that the arc length of the section of the tread of the wheel to be measured is obtained.
The measuring block 1 is connected with the ruler frame 7 through a rotating shaft, can rotate relative to the ruler frame 7, and the measuring block 1 is in point contact with the wheel to be measured, so that the measuring instrument disclosed by the embodiment can conveniently move relative to the wheel to be measured.
In order to prevent the problem that the wheel diameter is not accurate when a single measuring point is selected for wheel diameter measurement, the embodiment is provided with a plurality of displacement sensors 6, and in an initial state, the measuring ends of all the displacement sensors 6 are positioned on the same plane, and the stay ropes of the stay rope sensors 2 are in a straightened state.
The plurality of displacement sensors 6 are all arranged between the two measuring blocks, one of the displacement sensors 6 is positioned at the middle position of the two measuring blocks and is called a middle displacement sensor, the rest of the displacement sensors except the middle displacement sensor are called side displacement sensors, and all the displacement sensors 6 are uniformly distributed, namely the distances between the adjacent displacement sensors are the same.
In the initial state, the measuring ends of the displacement sensors 6 are positioned on the same plane, when the wheel to be measured is measured or corrected by using a standard circle, the measuring ends of the displacement sensors 6 are abutted against the tread of the wheel to be measured or the outer circle of the standard circle, and when the wheel to be measured is measured, the displacement is analyzed by reading the displacement reading of each displacement sensor, so that the second wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is obtained.
The control system 10 of the measuring instrument disclosed in this embodiment includes a CPU module, a voice playing module 5, a manual interaction module 4, a memory and an operation button 3 connected with the CPU module, the CPU module is also connected with a power module 11, and a required power is provided through the power module 11.
Preferably, the power module adopts a lithium battery, and the power module 11 is connected with the wireless charging module 12, and the power module 11 is powered by the wireless charging module 12.
The high endurance is guaranteed, the charging convenience and the high endurance are achieved, the measuring instrument is placed in a certain range of the wireless charging pile, the measuring instrument can be charged, meanwhile, the system monitors the electric quantity and the health condition of the battery in real time, and when the electric quantity is too low or the battery is in an unhealthy state, voice and visual prompt can be carried out through the voice playing module and the manual interaction module.
The power module 11 is mounted on the scale frame 7 through the fixing frame 8.
The stay cord sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with the CPU module through the A/D conversion module, the obtained arc length or displacement data are sent to the CPU module for data processing and analysis, the CPU module can be connected with the upper computer through the Bluetooth module, the wheel diameter to be detected obtained through analysis of the CPU module is sent to the manual interaction module for display, and the obtained arc length, displacement and the wheel diameter to be detected can be sent to the memory or the upper computer for storage.
The CPU module obtains a middle second wheel diameter through the displacement measured by the middle displacement sensor and the middle second wheel diameter calculation model;
the middle second wheel diameter calculation model is as follows:
wherein delta is the displacement obtained by the intermediate displacement sensor, d is the diameter of a standard circle,
for the second wheel diameter in the middle, +.>
Is V-shapedThe vertex angle half angle of the block, wherein the V-shaped block is a virtual block, and refers to a structure formed by connecting two measuring blocks with the intersection point of a standard circle and the central axis of the ruler frame 7, wherein the intersection point of the measuring blocks with the standard circle is tangent to the standard circle, and the vertex angle half angle of the V-shaped block is->
Is a fixed value, and the measuring instrument is not changed after the manufacturing is finished.
The principle of determining the intermediate second wheel diameter calculation model is shown in fig. 4, in which,
so that:
the CPU module obtains the second wheel diameter of the side through the displacement measured by the side displacement sensor and the side second wheel diameter calculation model.
The side second wheel diameter calculation model is as follows:
wherein,,
the second wheel diameter on the side, d is the standard circle diameter, < >>
For the displacement measured by either lateral displacement sensor,/->
For the distance between either side displacement sensor and the middle displacement sensor, +.>
Is the half angle of the vertex angle of the V-shaped block, +.>
The central half angle is formed by connecting the side displacement sensor with the standard round center.
The principle of determining the second wheel diameter calculation model at the side is shown in fig. 5, taking the case of D > D as an example:
the CPU module obtains a first wheel diameter through an arc length and a first wheel diameter calculation model, wherein the first wheel diameter calculation model is as follows:
wherein,,
for arc length->
For the radius of the wheel to be measured, 2->
For the first wheel diameter of the wheel to be tested, < >>
For the distance between two measuring blocks, is a constant value,/->
The principle of determining the first wheel diameter calculation model for the central angle half angle of the wheel to be measured corresponding to the connecting line of the two measuring blocks is shown in fig. 6.
Before the measuring instrument disclosed by the embodiment performs wheel diameter measurement, the measuring instrument can be calibrated through a standard circle, and the calibrating process is as follows: placing the measuring instrument on a standard circle, pressing a calibration button, and performing certain displacement on the electronic displacement sensor, wherein the final position of the displacement sensor is taken as an absolute 0 value, and the subsequent displacement is read on the basis; the stay cord sensor also can take place certain change to the circular arc length of standard circle that measures is regarded as the reference value, and the reading of follow-up stay cord sensor compares with this standard reference value. And (3) setting the reading of the displacement sensor to zero, recording the reading of the current pull rope sensor, and then completing automatic calibration. And compensating errors generated under the current conditions such as temperature change, mechanical component deformation and the like.
After the measuring instrument is calibrated, the wheel can be measured, the measuring instrument is placed on the wheel to be measured, the measuring block is tightly attached to the tread of the wheel, at the moment, the words of 'do not move in measurement' are displayed on the manual interaction module and are subjected to voice broadcasting through the voice broadcasting module, the measurement is completed in 3 seconds, the measuring result is displayed on the manual interaction module, more detailed measuring data (data of each sensor) are stored in the memory in a classified mode, and the measuring data can be transmitted according to requirements, such as a PC (personal computer) end and a cloud end of an upper computer; the retest can be realized by pressing a retest button, and the steps are repeated for a plurality of times, so that the calibration of the plurality of times of measurement can be completed.
When the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is measured, the measuring block, the measuring end of each displacement sensor and the stay rope of the stay rope sensor are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured;
acquiring a section of arc length of the tread of the wheel to be tested through a stay rope sensor;
obtaining the displacement of the measuring end of each displacement sensor;
determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the tread of the wheel to be detected, and determining a plurality of second wheel diameters according to the displacement obtained by each displacement sensor;
and obtaining the final wheel diameter to be measured according to the first wheel diameter and the plurality of second wheel diameters.
The measuring instrument disclosed by the embodiment is provided with a displacement sensor and a pull rope sensor for measuring the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured, and the two sensors are adopted for measuring the wheel diameter, so that the problem of inaccurate wheel diameter caused by measurement errors when one sensor is adopted for measuring the wheel diameter is prevented.
In addition, the measuring instrument disclosed by the embodiment is provided with a plurality of displacement sensors, the wheel diameters are respectively obtained by measuring different positions of the tread of the wheel to be measured through the plurality of displacement sensors, and the accurate wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is obtained by weighting and averaging the obtained wheel diameters, so that the accuracy of the measurement of the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is further ensured.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a wheel diameter measuring method of a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring apparatus is disclosed, including:
the measuring block, the measuring end of the displacement sensor and the stay cord of the stay cord sensor are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured;
acquiring a section of arc length of the tread of the wheel to be tested through a stay rope sensor;
obtaining the displacement of a measuring end of a displacement sensor;
determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the wheel tread to be tested, and determining a second wheel diameter according to the displacement obtained by the displacement sensor;
and weighting and averaging the first wheel diameter and the second wheel diameter to obtain the final wheel diameter to be measured.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument is characterized by comprising a ruler frame, wherein measuring blocks are respectively arranged at two ends of the ruler frame, a displacement sensor is arranged between the two measuring blocks, and a pull rope sensor is also arranged on the ruler frame; when the wheel diameter of the wheel to be measured is measured, the measuring block, the measuring end of the displacement sensor and the stay cord of the stay cord sensor are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured;
the stay cord sensor is used for acquiring the arc length of a section of the tread of the wheel to be tested;
the displacement sensor is used for acquiring the displacement of the self measuring end;
the CPU module is used for determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the wheel tread to be tested and determining a second wheel diameter according to the displacement acquired by the displacement sensor; weighting and averaging the first wheel diameter and the second wheel diameter to obtain the final wheel diameter to be measured;
a plurality of displacement sensors are arranged between the two measuring blocks, one of the displacement sensors is positioned in the middle of the two measuring blocks, the other displacement sensors are side displacement sensors;
the CPU module obtains a middle second wheel diameter through the displacement measured by the middle displacement sensor and the middle second wheel diameter calculation model; the middle second wheel diameter calculation model is as follows:
in the above, delta is the displacement obtained by the intermediate displacement sensor, d is the diameter of a standard circle,
for the second wheel diameter in the middle, +.>
Is the half angle of the vertex angle of the V-shaped block;
measuring displacement and a side second wheel diameter calculation model through a side displacement sensor to obtain a side second wheel diameter; the side second wheel diameter calculation model is as follows:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,
the second wheel diameter on the side, d is the standard circle diameter, < >>
For the displacement measured by either lateral displacement sensor,/->
For the distance between either side displacement sensor and the middle displacement sensor, +.>
Is the half angle of the vertex angle of the V-shaped block, +.>
The central half angle is formed by connecting the side displacement sensor with the standard round center.
2. The multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring instrument of claim 1, wherein in an initial state, the measuring ends of all displacement sensors are positioned on the same plane, and the pull rope of the pull rope sensor is in a straightened state.
3. The multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the CPU module obtains the first wheel diameter through an arc length and a first wheel diameter calculation model, the first wheel diameter calculation model being:
wherein,,
for arc length->
For the radius of the wheel to be measured, 2->
For the first wheel diameter of the wheel to be tested, < >>
For the distance between two measuring blocks, +.>
The two measuring blocks correspond to the central angles of the wheels to be measuredHalf angle.
4. The multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the CPU module is further connected to the manual interaction module and the voice module, respectively.
5. A multi-sensor wheel diameter gauge as defined in claim 1, further comprising a standard circle for calibrating the pull-cord sensor and the displacement sensor.
6. A multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pull rope of the pull rope sensor is located at the lower part of the two measuring blocks.
7. A wheel diameter measuring method of a multi-sensor wheel diameter measuring apparatus, comprising:
the measuring block, the measuring end of the displacement sensor and the stay cord of the stay cord sensor are contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured;
acquiring a section of arc length of the tread of the wheel to be tested through a stay rope sensor;
obtaining the displacement of a measuring end of a displacement sensor;
determining a first wheel diameter according to the arc length of a section of the wheel tread to be tested, and determining a second wheel diameter according to the displacement obtained by the displacement sensor;
weighting and averaging the first wheel diameter and the second wheel diameter to obtain the final wheel diameter to be measured;
a plurality of displacement sensors are arranged between the two measuring blocks, one of the displacement sensors is positioned in the middle of the two measuring blocks and is a middle displacement sensor, and the rest displacement sensors are side displacement sensors;
the CPU module obtains a middle second wheel diameter through the displacement measured by the middle displacement sensor and the middle second wheel diameter calculation model; the middle second wheel diameter calculation model is as follows:
in the above, delta is the displacement obtained by the intermediate displacement sensor, d is the diameter of a standard circle,
for the second wheel diameter in the middle, +.>
Is the half angle of the vertex angle of the V-shaped block;
measuring displacement and a side second wheel diameter calculation model through a side displacement sensor to obtain a side second wheel diameter; the side second wheel diameter calculation model is as follows:
in the above-mentioned method, the step of,
the second wheel diameter on the side, d is the standard circle diameter, < >>
For the displacement measured by either lateral displacement sensor,/->
For the distance between either side displacement sensor and the middle displacement sensor, +.>
Is the half angle of the vertex angle of the V-shaped block, +.>
The central half angle is formed by connecting the side displacement sensor with the standard round center.
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| JP4260960B2 (en) * | 1999-01-11 | 2009-04-30 | 東海旅客鉄道株式会社 | Wheel diameter measuring device |
| CN100449259C (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2009-01-07 | 杭州电子科技大学 | On-line detection method and device for vehicle wheel set diameter |
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| CN102507592B (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2014-05-28 | 河海大学常州校区 | Fly-simulation visual online detection device and method for surface defects |
| CN107150702B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-05-21 | 北京交通大学 | Portable vehicle wheel diameter measuring device and measurement method |
| CN108480987A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-04 | 中机自动化装备股份有限公司 | A kind of tunnel steel arch frame mechanized production system |
| CN110057284B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2024-05-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Device, method and application for measuring cross-sectional shape of trunk of tree |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109443264A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-08 | 赵若群 | A kind of railway vehicle wheel cake Parameter Measuring device and method |
| CN109443208A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-08 | 赵若群 | A kind of railway vehicle wheel cake parameter measuring apparatus and data processing method |
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