CN116118012A - True triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device and method - Google Patents
True triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116118012A CN116118012A CN202211357808.6A CN202211357808A CN116118012A CN 116118012 A CN116118012 A CN 116118012A CN 202211357808 A CN202211357808 A CN 202211357808A CN 116118012 A CN116118012 A CN 116118012A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
- B28D1/14—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by boring or drilling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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Abstract
The invention provides a true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device and method, comprising a test bench, a middle container, a rock debris filter, a backpressure device, a drilling fluid pool, a drilling fluid pump, a drilling fluid pipe, an air pump and an air pipe; the test bench mainly comprises a rotary driving mechanism, a drill string system, a shaft punching pneumatic jar, a torsional punching generating mechanism, a high-pressure sealing cavity, a rock sample pressure chamber, a confining pressure applying mechanism and the like; the drill string system includes drill pipe, multi-dimensional force sensors, drill bits, and the like. The rotary driving mechanism drives the drill string system to rotate through the belt pulley transmission mechanism, the axial impact pneumatic jar and the torsional impact generating mechanism provide impact energy for the drill string system, the rock sample pressure chamber applies triaxial pressure to rock, and the drill bit breaks rock samples. The device can simulate the triaxial pressure environment where the rock at the bottom of the well is located, and can study the rock breaking effect of the drill string system when applying axial impact and torsional impact with different frequencies and different strengths under different rotation speeds and bit pressures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground rock breaking, in particular to a true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device and method.
Background
With the progressive advance of well drilling to deep/ultra-deep layers in China, the problems of high rock hardness, poor drillability of a drill bit and the like are more serious, the rock is usually large in brittleness and high in static pressure resistance, but weak in shock resistance, and the influence on the service life of the drill bit is reduced by inhibiting stick-slip vibration in the well drilling process, so that the concept of underground shaft torsion composite impact is proposed. In recent years, a plurality of types of shaft-torsion composite impactors are commercially available and successfully applied, and although the impact effect of the composite impactors is verified through experiments, the research on the impact motion law, especially the theoretical research on the impact of high-energy and high-frequency impacts, is still insufficient. Therefore, the frequency ratio of the axial impact and the torsional impact when the energy is large can be studied, and the method has good guiding significance for the development of subsequent impactors. In addition, the current indoor axial torsion compound impact rock breaking experimental environment can not provide triaxial pressure for a rock sample, namely, the underground real pressure condition can not be simulated, and the experimental data reliability is reduced.
Aiming at the engineering problems and part of defects of the solution, the invention provides and designs a true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device and method by combining the characteristics of the composite impact of the shaft and the torsion and the triaxial pressure of the rock sample.
Disclosure of Invention
Against the background, the invention provides a true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device and a true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental method, which can simulate triaxial pressure environment where a bottom hole rock is located, realize axial impact and torsion impact on the rock caused by a drill bit in a rotary drilling process, so as to explore rock breaking effects of the axial impact and torsion impact with different frequencies and different strengths on the rock subjected to different confining pressures and liquid column pressures, and simulate an underbalanced drilling process on the basis.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a real triaxial high energy impact broken rock experimental apparatus, include with drilling fluid pipe, the high pressure seal chamber that the trachea links firmly, high pressure seal chamber links firmly with rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover, rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover links firmly with rock sample pressure chamber, high pressure seal chamber, rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover and rock sample pressure chamber are fixed in the test rack, rock sample pressure chamber links firmly with the rack curb plate through rock sample pressure cavity location through-hole, the opening of rock sample pressure chamber links firmly with drilling fluid pipe, drilling fluid pipe series connection test rack in proper order, the intermediate container, the detritus filter, the backpressure ware, the drilling fluid pond, the drilling fluid pump.
Further, a torsional impact generating mechanism is arranged on the inner wall of the side plate of the rack, torsional impact is generated on the drill string system, a top plate of the rack is arranged above the side plate of the rack, and a belt wheel transmission mechanism is arranged above the top plate of the rack;
the pulley transmission mechanism comprises a driving pulley and a driven pulley, a rotary driving mechanism is arranged above the driving pulley and drives the driving pulley to rotate, the pulley transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the bench top plate through a bearing cover plate and a bearing cover plate stud, and the driven pulley is provided with a spline groove and is connected with the drill string system through a spline;
a shaft impact pneumatic jar is arranged above the drill string system, an axial impact stress wave generation surface of the shaft impact pneumatic jar is contacted with the drill string system, the drill string system enters a rock sample pressure chamber through a hollow part of the high-pressure sealing cavity, and a rock sample is placed in the rock sample pressure chamber;
the confining pressure applying mechanism and the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity are fixedly connected with the rock sample pressure chamber.
Further, the drill string system mainly comprises an upper drill rod, a multi-dimensional force sensor, a drill bit connecting drill rod and a drill bit, wherein the upper drill rod is provided with a spline and is in spline rotation transmission with the driven belt wheel, the drill bit connecting drill rod is provided with a three-section stepped shaft, the first section is provided with an external thread, the second section is provided with a ratchet wheel groove, the lower half part of the third section is hollow, a drill rod water hole and an internal thread are formed, and the upper drill rod, the multi-dimensional force sensor, the drill bit connecting drill rod and the drill bit are fixedly connected through threads in sequence.
Further, the slide rail is vertically fixed on two sides of the inner wall of the side plate of the bench, the torsional pneumatic jar is installed on the slide rail, the impact rod of the torsional pneumatic jar impacts the impact block on the torsional plate, so that the pawl is driven to impact the ratchet wheel groove, and the drill string system is subjected to torsional impact.
Further, the high-pressure sealing cavity and the rock sample pressure chamber are in a strictly sealed environment, a drill rod high-pressure floating sealing group and a limiting sealing ring are arranged in the high-pressure sealing cavity, the high-pressure floating sealing group and the limiting sealing ring are tightly attached to the outer surface of a drill rod connected with a drill bit and the hollow surface of the high-pressure sealing cavity, and a rock sample pressure chamber sealing ring is arranged in the hollow part of an upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity and is tightly attached to the outer surface of the drill rod connected with the drill bit and the hollow surface of the upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity.
Further, the confining pressure applying mechanism can generate confining pressure on the rock sample, hydraulic pressure with a certain size is applied to the confining pressure piston through a servo pump externally connected with the hydraulic hole, and the hydraulic piston pushes the rock sample to annularly press the rock sample.
Further, the rock sample is cuboid, when the rock sample is placed in the rock sample pressure cavity, the four side faces are parallel to the four inner side walls of the rock sample pressure cavity, the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample are respectively provided with a rock sample axial pressing block and an axial plunger so as to limit the vertical displacement of the rock sample, and the drill bit performs the drill-down treatment from the upper surface of the rock sample;
the axial plunger can be provided with an empty plug for directly installing a vibration or stress sensor on the lower surface or provided with a flowing-down plug for establishing a rock pore pressure model and simulating underbalanced drilling.
Further, eight end cover through holes are formed in the high-pressure sealing cavity end cover, eight high-pressure sealing cavity through holes which correspond to each other are formed in the high-pressure sealing cavity, the number and the diameter of the end cover through holes are consistent, the positions of the high-pressure sealing cavity through holes are corresponding to each other, high-pressure sealing cavity bolts penetrate through the end cover through holes and the high-pressure sealing cavity through holes and are matched with high-pressure sealing cavity bolt threaded holes in the upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity, and the high-pressure sealing cavity end cover, the high-pressure sealing cavity and the upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity are fixedly connected;
sixteen rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt through holes are formed in the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover and correspond to the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt threaded holes, the number of the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt through holes is consistent, and the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt fixedly connects the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover with the rock sample pressure cavity;
the rock sample pressure cavity is provided with a confining pressure piston positioning threaded hole, and a confining pressure applying mechanism is fixedly connected with the rock sample pressure cavity through the confining pressure piston positioning threaded hole by a rock sample pressure cavity positioning bolt;
the bolt threaded holes of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity are mutually corresponding to the bolt through holes of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity, and the bolt of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity fixedly connects the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity with the rock sample pressure cavity.
Further, the flow of drilling fluid in the test bench enters a drill rod water hole from a drilling fluid injection hole, flows through the lower half hollow part of a drill rod connected with a drill bit to carry out the drill bit, flows out from a nozzle of the drill bit, enters a rock sample pressure cavity through an annular cavity liquid outlet, and flows out from a drilling fluid liquid outlet hole of the rock sample pressure cavity;
the air flow generated by the air pump enters from the air pump interface, and the specific flowing process is consistent with the drilling fluid.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method can simulate the confining pressure and the liquid column pressure of the bottom hole rock in the drilling process, so that the rock breaking experiment is closer to the real drilling process;
2. the axial impact and the torsional impact with different frequencies and strengths can be provided simultaneously in the process of tripping the drill string system, and the mechanical drilling speed and the drilling weight can be adjusted simultaneously;
3. the stress and torque conditions of the drill string system in three directions in the process of tripping can be monitored in real time;
4. the invention can realize complete circulation of the drilling fluid, and is consistent with the flowing condition of the drilling fluid in the actual drilling process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for true triaxial high energy impact rock breaking;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the test bench;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of section A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of section I of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of portion B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a semi-sectional view of the rotary drive mechanism, pulley drive mechanism and gantry top plate assembled;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the assembled drill string system and axial impact pneumatic jar;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a drill rod connected with a drill bit;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the torsion disc and pawl after assembly;
FIG. 10 is a structural cross-sectional view of a high pressure seal cavity;
FIG. 11 is a structural cross-sectional view of a drill pipe high pressure floating seal set;
FIG. 12 is a structural cross-sectional view of a rock sample axial briquette;
FIG. 13 is a structural cross-sectional view of an upper end cap of a rock sample pressure chamber;
FIG. 14 is a structural cross-sectional view of the confining pressure piston housing;
FIG. 15 is a structural cross-sectional view of a rock sample pressure chamber;
fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of a side plate structure of the stand.
In the figure:
1. a rotary driving mechanism; 2. a shaft-driven pneumatic jar; 3. a belt wheel transmission mechanism; 4. a drill string system; 5. a torsional punching generating mechanism; 6. a high pressure sealed chamber; 7. an upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 8. a rock sample pressure chamber; 9. a confining pressure applying mechanism; 10. a lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 11. a rack top plate; 12. a rack side plate; 13. a gantry base plate; 14. a test bench; 15. an intermediate container; 16. a cuttings filter; 17. a back pressure device; 18. a drilling fluid bath; 19. a drilling fluid pump; 20. a drilling fluid pipe; 21. an air pump; 22. and an air pipe.
101. A rotary drive motor; 102. rotating the drive shaft housing; 103. rotating the transmission shaft; 104. rotating the drive shaft housing bolts; 301. a driving pulley; 302. a driven pulley; 303. a bearing cover plate; 304. a belt wheel radial bearing; 305. a pulley thrust bearing; 306. a bearing cover plate stud; 401. a drill rod at the upper end; 402. a multi-dimensional force sensor; 403. connecting a drill rod of a drill bit; 404. a collar; 405. a drill bit; 406. a collar thrust bearing; 407. torsional disc thrust bearing; 408. ratchet grooves; 409. drilling rod water hole; 501. a torsional pneumatic jar; 502. a slide rail; 503. a torsion punching disc; 504. a pawl; 505. a spring; 506. an impact block; 601. high pressure seal cavity bolts; 602. a high pressure seal cavity end cap; 603. a high pressure sealed cavity; 604. a screw plug; 605. a drill rod high-pressure floating seal group; 606. drilling fluid injection holes; 607. an oil filling port; 608. high pressure sealed cavity through hole; 609. fixing bolt threaded holes of the high-pressure floating seal group; 610. an air pump interface; 611. limiting sealing rings; 612. sealing ring limit bolts; 701. an upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 702. a bolt is arranged on the upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 703. sealing rings of rock sample pressure chambers; 704. bolt through holes of an upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 705. high-pressure sealing cavity bolt threaded holes; 706. limiting the threaded hole of the sealing ring; 801. a rock sample pressure cavity; 802. drilling fluid drain holes; 803. rock sample pressure cavity positioning bolts; 804. annular pressing blocks of rock samples; 805. axially briquetting the rock sample; 806. square rubber sleeves; 807. a rock sample; 808. a plunger collar; 809. an axial plunger; 810. a bolt of a lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 811. a through hole above the rock sample pressure cavity; 812. confining pressure piston stepped hole; 813. positioning threaded holes of the rock sample pressure cavity; 814. confining pressure piston positioning threaded holes; 815. a liquid outlet of the annular cavity; 816. bolt threaded holes of an upper end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 817. a stepped hole of a lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; 818. bolt threaded holes of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 901. A confining pressure piston housing; 902. a confining pressure piston; 903. confining pressure of the piston shell bolts; 904. a through hole of the confining pressure piston shell; 905. a hydraulic hole; 1201. a rock sample pressure cavity positioning through hole; 1202. the confining pressure piston locates the through hole.
605a, sealing the outer rubber ring; 605b, a rubber retainer ring; 605c, sealing the inner rubber ring group; 605d, floating seal ring screw.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, wherein the words such as "upper" and "lower" are used herein merely to facilitate description of the drawings, and do not limit the direction in which they are actually used, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between the entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1 to 16, the invention provides a true triaxial high energy impact rock breaking experimental device, which comprises a test bench 14, an intermediate container 15, a rock debris filter 16, a backpressure device 17, a drilling fluid pool 18, a drilling fluid pump 19 and an air pump 21, wherein a drilling fluid pipe 20 is connected with the test bench 14, the intermediate container 15, the rock debris filter 16, the backpressure device 17, the drilling fluid pool 18 and the drilling fluid pump 19, and an air pipe 22 is connected with the test bench 14 and the air pump 21;
the test bench 14, the intermediate container 15, the cuttings filter 16, the backpressure device 17, the drilling fluid pool 18 and the air pump 21 are arranged on the same horizontal plane, and the drilling fluid pump 19 is arranged on an extension table of the drilling fluid pool 18.
Further, the test bench 14 sequentially comprises a rotary driving mechanism 1, a shaft impact pneumatic jar 2, a belt pulley transmission mechanism 3, a drill string system 4, a bench top plate 11, a bench side plate 12, a torsion impact generating mechanism 5, a high-pressure sealing cavity end cover 602, a high-pressure sealing cavity 6, a rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover 7, a rock sample pressure chamber 8, a confining pressure applying mechanism 9, a rock sample pressure cavity lower end cover 10 and a bench bottom plate 13 from top to bottom and from left to right.
Further, the rotary driving mechanism 1 sequentially comprises a rotary driving motor 101, a rotary driving shaft housing 102, a rotary driving shaft 103 and a rotary driving shaft housing bolt 104 from top to bottom, the rotary driving shaft housing 102 and the bearing cover plate 303 are fixedly connected through the rotary driving shaft housing bolt 104, the rotary driving motor 101 is placed on the top surface of the rotary driving shaft housing 102, a flat key slot is formed in a rotary main shaft and the rotary driving shaft 103 of the rotary driving motor 101, and the rotary driving shaft 103 are connected with the driving belt pulley 301 through flat keys.
Further, the driving pulley 301 and the driven pulley 302 are driven by a belt, a pulley radial bearing 304 is arranged on a stepped annular surface of the driving pulley 301, a pulley thrust bearing 305 is arranged in an annular groove at the lower end of the driven pulley 302, a flat key groove is formed in a hub of the driven pulley 302, a spline key groove is formed in a hub of the driven pulley 302, and a bearing cover stud 306 fixes the bearing cover 303, the pulley radial bearing 304, the driving pulley 301, the driven pulley 302 and the pulley thrust bearing 305 on the rack top plate 11.
Further, the drill string system 4 sequentially comprises an upper drill rod 401, a multi-dimensional force sensor 402, a drill bit connecting drill rod 403 and a drill bit 405 from top to bottom, wherein a collar 404, a collar thrust bearing 406 and a torsional disc thrust bearing 407 are arranged on the drill bit connecting drill rod 403, the upper end surface of the upper drill rod 401 is in surface-to-surface contact with the axial impact generating surface of the axial impact pneumatic jar 2, axial impact stress waves are transmitted to the drill bit 405 along the upper drill rod 401, the multi-dimensional force sensor 402 and the drill bit connecting drill rod 403, so that shaft impact rock is realized, the upper drill rod 401 is provided with a ring surface and is provided with a spline, the lower end of the upper drill rod is provided with threads, and the upper drill rod 401 is in threaded connection with the multi-dimensional force sensor 402.
Further, the drill rod 403 is provided with three sections of stepped shafts, namely a first stepped shaft, a second stepped shaft and a third stepped shaft from top to bottom, the two shaft shoulders are respectively provided with a first shaft shoulder and a second shaft shoulder from top to bottom, the upper part of the first stepped shaft is provided with threads and is in threaded connection with the multidimensional sensor 402, the second stepped shaft is provided with six non-penetrating ratchet grooves 408 from the first shaft shoulder to the second shaft shoulder, the non-penetrating ratchet grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second stepped shaft, the vertical distance between the lower end surface of each ratchet groove and the second shaft shoulder is the axial height of the torsional disc thrust bearing 407, the lower half part of the third stepped shaft is hollow and is provided with internal threads, the threaded connection between the drill bit 405 and the drill rod 403 is ensured, and meanwhile, the drill rod water hole 409 is arranged at one side of the hollow upper end, and the drilling fluid is ensured to enter the hollow part of the drill rod 403.
Further, the torsional impact generating mechanism 5 includes two torsional impact pneumatic jars 501, a sliding rail 502, a torsional impact disc 503, a pawl 504, and springs 505 and 502, which are respectively placed on the inner wall of the side plate 12 of the rack, the placement direction is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and is symmetrical about the center of the drill string system 4, the torsional impact pneumatic jars 501 are installed on the sliding rail 502, and can move along the sliding rail 502 in the vertical direction, the impact rod of the torsional impact pneumatic jars 501 impacts the impact block 506 of the torsional impact disc 503, a torque with a certain magnitude is generated and transmitted to the pawl 504, the pawl 504 is abutted against the ratchet groove 408 of the drill rod 403 again to generate impact force, the effect of rock breaking by torsional impact is achieved, and the spring 505 can ensure that the pawl 504 is always contacted with the ratchet groove 408.
Further, in the process of breaking rock by the shaft-torsion composite impact, the high-pressure sealing cavity end cover 602, the high-pressure sealing cavity 6, the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover 7, the rock sample pressure chamber 8, the confining pressure piston shell 901, the confining pressure piston 902 and the rock sample pressure cavity lower end cover 10 are tightly sealed.
Further, the high-pressure sealing cavity 6 comprises a high-pressure sealing cavity 603, a screw plug 604, a drill rod high-pressure floating sealing group 605, a drilling fluid injection hole 606, an oil injection hole 607 and a high-pressure sealing cavity through hole 608, wherein the drill rod high-pressure floating sealing group 605 is tightly attached to the drill rod 403 connected with the drill bit, so that the drilling fluid is prevented from overflowing from a gap at the end cover 602 of the high-pressure sealing cavity, lubricating oil/lubricating grease required by the drill rod high-pressure floating sealing group 605 is added from the oil injection hole 607, the drilling fluid injection hole 606 is externally connected with the drilling fluid pipe 20 and then can be injected with the drilling fluid, and the air pipe 22 is externally connected with the air pump 21;
the high-pressure seal cavity through holes 608 are through holes for connecting eight high-pressure seal cavity bolts 601, are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, correspond to the eight through holes of the high-pressure seal cavity end cover 602 and the eight high-pressure seal cavity bolt threaded holes 705 of the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover 701 one by one, meanwhile, the hollow part of the high-pressure seal cavity 603 is a stepped hole, the first shaft shoulder is provided with eight high-pressure floating seal group fixing bolt threaded holes 609 uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and after the drill rod high-pressure floating seal group 605 and the limiting seal 611 are sequentially placed in the hollow part of the high-pressure seal cavity 603, the drill rod high-pressure floating seal group fixing bolt is fixed by the limiting seal ring limiting bolt 612.
Further, the drill rod high-pressure floating seal group 605 comprises a sealing outer rubber ring 605a, a rubber retainer ring 605b, a sealing inner rubber ring group 605c and a floating seal ring screw 605d, wherein the floating seal ring screw 605d plays a role in connection and fastening.
Further, sixteen rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt through holes 704 are formed in the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover 701, a rock sample pressure cavity upper through hole 811 and sixteen rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt threaded holes 816 are formed in the upper surface of the rock sample pressure cavity 801, and the positions of the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt through holes 704 and the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt threaded holes 816 are mutually corresponding when the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover 701 is installed;
the center of the upper end cover 701 of the rock sample pressure cavity is provided with a stepped hole, and the sealing ring 703 of the rock sample pressure cavity is in threaded connection with the threaded hole 706 of the limiting sealing ring through a screw.
Further, the high-pressure seal chamber bolt 601 fixes the high-pressure seal chamber end cap 602 and the high-pressure seal chamber 603 on the rock sample pressure chamber upper end cap 701, and the rock sample pressure chamber upper end cap bolt 702 fixes the rock sample pressure chamber upper end cap 701 on the rock sample pressure chamber 801.
Further, according to the view angle direction of fig. 3, all around the side of the rock sample pressure cavity 801 are opened with a confining pressure piston stepped hole 812 and twelve confining pressure piston positioning threaded holes 814, the left and right sides of the rock sample pressure cavity 801 are opened with rock sample pressure cavity positioning threaded holes 813, which correspond to the rock sample pressure cavity positioning through holes 1201 of the rack side plate 12 respectively, simultaneously, the left lower side of the inner cavity of the rock sample pressure cavity 801 is opened with a drilling fluid drain hole 802, so as to ensure that drilling fluid flows out smoothly, and the lower side of the rock sample pressure cavity 801 is opened with a rock sample pressure cavity lower end cover stepped hole 817 and twelve rock sample pressure cavity lower end cover bolt threaded holes 818.
Further, the confining pressure piston housing 901 is in interference fit with the confining pressure piston positioning through hole 1202 and the confining pressure piston stepped hole 812, meanwhile, the outer end face of the confining pressure piston housing 901 is flush with the outer surface of the rack side plate 12, the confining pressure piston 902 matched with the confining pressure piston housing 901 can move along the axis direction of the confining pressure piston housing 901 after being subjected to pressure applied by a servo pump externally connected with the hydraulic hole 905, and the confining pressure piston housing drives the rock sample to move towards the pressing block 804, so that confining pressure is generated on the rock sample 807.
Further, the rock sample 807 is covered with square rubber sleeves 806, which reduces the influence of surface roughness on the size of the confining pressure.
Further, the rock sample axial pressing block 805 is composed of a hollow secondary stepped shaft and a cuboid, a shaft shoulder with a relatively larger surface diameter is in surface-to-surface contact with the upper end cover 701 of the rock sample pressure cavity, the second stepped shaft is provided with a circular cavity liquid outlet 815, and the lower end surface of the rock sample axial pressing block 805 is in contact with the square rubber sleeve 806 on the upper surface of the rock sample 807 so as to limit the vertical displacement of the rock sample 807.
Further, the axial plunger 809 contacts the square rubber sleeve 806 on the lower surface of the rock sample 807 to generate supporting force on the rock sample 807, and meanwhile, the axial plunger 809 can be provided with an empty plug for directly installing a vibration or stress sensor on the lower surface or a flow-down plug for establishing a rock pore pressure model to simulate underbalanced drilling.
Further, the plunger collar 808 is used for support between the axial plunger 809 and the rock sample pressure cavity lower end cap 10, the confining pressure piston housing bolts 903 fix the confining pressure piston housing 901 to the rock sample pressure cavity 801, the rock sample pressure cavity lower end cap bolts 810 fix the rock sample pressure cavity lower end cap 10 to the rock sample pressure cavity 801, and the rock sample pressure cavity positioning bolts 803, confining pressure piston housing 901 fix the rock sample pressure cavity 801 to the bench side plate 12.
Further, the drilling fluid is pumped out from the drilling fluid pool 18 through the drilling fluid pump 19, and the circulating flow direction is the drilling fluid pump 19, the drilling fluid injection hole 606, the drill pipe water hole 409, the hollow part of the drill pipe 403, the drill 405, the annular cavity drain 815, the intermediate container 15, the cuttings filter 16, the back pressure device 17 and the drilling fluid pool 18 through the connection of the drilling fluid pipe 20.
Further, the intermediate container 15 comprises an automatic pump and a well pressure sensor, wherein the hydrostatic pressure sensor and the back pressure 17 ensure a high hydraulic condition in the high pressure seal chamber 6 and the rock sample pressure chamber 8.
Further, after a set of shaft-torsion compound impact experiments are completed, an air pump 21 connected with an air pipe 22 inputs air pressure into the high-pressure sealing cavity 6, and residual drilling fluid is discharged.
A true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental method comprises the following steps:
step 1, opening a lower end cover 10 of a rock sample pressure cavity, removing an axial plunger 809, a plunger collar 808 and a rock sample axial pressing block 805, sleeving a rubber sleeve 806 above the rock sample 807, then arranging the rubber sleeve between the axial plunger 809 and the rock sample axial pressing block 805, and then integrally arranging the rubber sleeve in the rock sample pressure cavity 801 to ensure that the circumferential ring surface of the rock sample 807 is parallel to the inner wall of the rock sample pressure cavity 801 as much as possible, and sealing the lower end cover 10 of the rock sample pressure cavity by using a bolt 810 of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity;
step 3, tripping the drill string system 4 to enable the drill bit 405 to be in contact with the upper surface of the rock sample 807;
step 5, after the drilling fluid is returned to the drilling fluid pool 18 along with the drilling fluid pipe 20, starting the backpressure device 17 and presetting a pressure value;
and 11, repeating the steps 1-10 for a new experiment.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent changes and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical matters of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a true triaxial high energy impact broken rock experimental apparatus, its characterized in that, include high pressure seal chamber (6) that link firmly with drilling fluid pipe (20), trachea (22), high pressure seal chamber (6) link firmly with drilling fluid pipe (20), drilling fluid pipe (20) establish ties in proper order testing bench (14), intermediate container (15), cuttings filter (16), backpressure ware (17), drilling fluid pond (18), liquid pump (19) are linked firmly with drilling fluid pipe (20) to drilling fluid chamber upper end cover (7), rock sample pressure chamber (8) are fixed in testing bench (14), rock sample pressure chamber (8) pass through rock sample pressure chamber location through-hole (1201) and link firmly with bench curb plate (12), the opening of rock sample pressure chamber (8).
2. The true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 1, wherein a torsional impact generating mechanism (5) is installed on the inner wall of the rack side plate (12) to generate torsional impact on a drill string system (4), a rack top plate (11) is installed above the rack side plate (12), and a belt wheel transmission mechanism (3) is installed above the rack top plate (11); the pulley transmission mechanism (3) comprises a driving pulley (301) and a driven pulley (302), a rotary driving mechanism (1) is arranged above the driving pulley, the rotary driving mechanism (1) drives the driving pulley (301) to rotate, the pulley transmission mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the bench top plate (11) through a bearing cover plate (303) and a bearing cover plate stud (306), and the driven pulley (302) is provided with a spline groove and is connected with the drill string system (4) through a spline; an axial impact pneumatic jar (2) is arranged above the drill string system, an axial impact stress wave generation surface of the axial impact pneumatic jar (2) is in contact with the drill string system (4), the drill string system (4) enters the rock sample pressure chamber (8) through a hollow part of the high-pressure sealing cavity (6), and a rock sample (807) is placed in the rock sample pressure chamber (8); the confining pressure applying mechanism (9) and the lower end cover (10) of the rock sample pressure cavity are fixedly connected with the rock sample pressure chamber (8).
3. The true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 2, wherein the drill string system (4) mainly comprises an upper drill rod (401), a multi-dimensional force sensor (402), a drill bit connecting drill rod (403) and a drill bit (405), the upper drill rod (401) is provided with a spline and is in spline rotation transmission with the driven pulley (302), the drill bit connecting drill rod (403) is provided with a three-section stepped shaft, the first section is provided with an external thread, the second section is provided with a ratchet groove (408), the lower half of the third section is hollow, a drill rod water hole (409) and an internal thread are formed, and the upper drill rod (401), the multi-dimensional force sensor (402), the drill bit connecting drill rod (403) and the drill bit (405) are fixedly connected through threads in sequence.
4. The true triaxial high energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 2, wherein a slide rail (502) is vertically fixed on two sides of the inner wall of the rack side plate (12), a torsional pneumatic jar (501) is installed on the slide rail (502), an impact rod of the torsional pneumatic jar (501) impacts an impact block (506) on a torsional disc (503), and then the pawl (504) is driven to impact the ratchet groove (408), so that the drill string system (4) is subjected to torsional impact.
5. The true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure sealing cavity (6) and the rock sample pressure chamber (8) are in a tightly sealed environment, a drill rod high-pressure floating sealing group (605) and a limiting sealing ring (611) are arranged in the high-pressure sealing cavity (6), the high-pressure sealing group is tightly attached to the outer surface of the drill rod (403) and the hollow surface of the high-pressure sealing cavity (603), a rock sample pressure chamber sealing ring (703) is arranged in the hollow part of the upper end cover (701) of the rock sample pressure cavity, and the high-pressure sealing group is tightly attached to the outer surface of the drill rod (403) and the hollow surface of the upper end cover (701) of the rock sample pressure cavity.
6. A true triaxial high energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 2, wherein the confining pressure applying mechanism (9) can generate confining pressure on a rock sample (807), a servo pump externally connected with a hydraulic hole (905) applies hydraulic pressure with a certain magnitude to a confining pressure piston (902), and the hydraulic pressure piston (902) pushes the rock sample to a pressing block (804) to press the rock sample (807).
7. The true triaxial high energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 6, wherein the rock sample (807) is cuboid, four sides of the rock sample (807) are parallel to four inner side walls of the rock sample pressure cavity (801) when the rock sample pressure cavity is placed in the rock sample pressure cavity, and a rock sample axial pressing block (805) and an axial plunger (809) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample (807) so as to limit vertical displacement of the rock sample (807), and the drill bit (405) performs a drill-down treatment from the upper surface of the rock sample (807); the axial plunger (809) can be provided with an empty plug for directly installing a vibration or stress sensor on the lower surface or provided with a flowing-down plug for establishing a rock pore pressure model and simulating underbalanced drilling.
8. The true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 5, wherein eight end cover through holes and eight high-pressure sealing cavity through holes (608) corresponding to each other are formed in a high-pressure sealing cavity end cover (602), the number and the diameter of the end cover through holes and the high-pressure sealing cavity through holes (608) are consistent, the positions of the high-pressure sealing cavity bolts (601) penetrate through the end cover through holes and the high-pressure sealing cavity through holes (608) and are matched with high-pressure sealing cavity bolt threaded holes (705) in an upper end cover (701) of a rock sample pressure cavity, and the high-pressure sealing cavity end cover (602), the high-pressure sealing cavity (603) and the upper end cover (701) of the rock sample pressure cavity are fixedly connected; sixteen rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt through holes (704) are formed in the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover (701), the sixteen rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt through holes correspond to the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolt threaded holes (816) and are consistent in number, and the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover bolts (702) fixedly connect the rock sample pressure cavity upper end cover (701) with the rock sample pressure cavity (801); the rock sample pressure cavity (801) is provided with a confining pressure piston positioning threaded hole (814), and a confining pressure applying mechanism (9) and the rock sample pressure cavity (801) are fixedly connected by a rock sample pressure cavity positioning bolt (803) through the confining pressure piston positioning threaded hole (814); the bolt threaded holes (818) of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity are mutually corresponding to the bolt through holes of the lower end cover (10) of the rock sample pressure cavity, the number of the bolt through holes is identical, and the bolts (810) of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity fixedly connect the lower end cover (10) of the rock sample pressure cavity with the rock sample pressure cavity (801).
9. A true triaxial high energy impact rock breaking experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow of drilling fluid in the test bench (14) enters the drill rod water hole (409) from a drilling fluid injection hole (606), flows through the lower semi-hollow part of the drill rod (403) for the drill bit (405), flows out from the nozzle of the drill bit (405) through the annular cavity drain hole (815) into the rock sample pressure cavity (801), and flows out from the drilling fluid drain hole (802) of the rock sample pressure cavity (801); the air flow generated by the air pump (21) enters from the air pump interface (610), and the specific flowing process is consistent with the drilling fluid.
10. The true triaxial high-energy impact rock breaking experimental method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, opening a lower end cover (10) of a rock sample pressure cavity, removing an axial plunger (809), a plunger shaft collar (808) and a rock sample axial pressing block (805), sleeving a rubber sleeve (806) above the rock sample (807), arranging the rubber sleeve between the axial plunger (809) and the rock sample axial pressing block (805), and then integrally arranging the rubber sleeve in the rock sample pressure cavity (801) to ensure that the circumferential ring surface of the rock sample (807) is parallel to the inner wall of the rock sample pressure cavity (801) as much as possible, and sealing the lower end cover (10) of the rock sample pressure cavity by a bolt (810) of the lower end cover of the rock sample pressure cavity;
step 2, externally connecting a hydraulic hole (905) with a servo pump and injecting hydraulic oil inwards to enable a confining pressure piston (902) to move towards a rock sample (807) after being subjected to pressure, and driving a rock sample circumferential pressing block (804) to squeeze the rock sample (807) and generate confining pressure;
step 3, tripping the drill string system (4) to enable the drill bit (405) to be in contact with the upper surface of the rock sample (807);
step 4, starting a rotary driving motor (101), pressing a certain bit pressure, pre-scraping a rock sample (807) to a certain extent by a drill bit (405), closing the rotary driving motor (101) after cutting teeth of the drill bit (405) are in contact with the surface of the rock sample (807) in a certain area, starting a drilling fluid pump (19), and carrying the rock scraps out of a rock sample pressure cavity (801) by using drilling fluid;
step 5, after the drilling fluid returns to the drilling fluid pool (18) along with the drilling fluid pipe (20), starting the backpressure device (17) and presetting a pressure value;
step 6, after the hydrostatic pressure sensor of the intermediate container (15) reaches a target value, starting a rotary driving motor (101), a shaft pneumatic jar (2) and a torsional pneumatic jar (501), observing data such as drill bit footage, weight on bit, drill string torque and the like in real time through a data acquisition device externally connected with a multi-dimensional sensor (402), closing the torsional pneumatic jar (501), the shaft pneumatic jar (2) and the rotary driving motor (101) after drilling to a preset depth, and lifting a drill string system (4) to an initial height;
step 7, slowly zeroing the pressure value set by the back pressure device (17) after the drill string system (4) rises to the initial height;
step 8, after the value of a hydrostatic pressure sensor attached to the intermediate container (15) is displayed as zero, closing a servo pump externally connected with a hydraulic hole (905), eliminating the confining pressure of a rock sample (807), closing a drilling liquid pump (19), opening an air pump (21), and observing a drilling liquid outlet of a drilling liquid pipe (20) at a drilling liquid pool (18);
step 9, after the drilling fluid outlet of the drilling fluid pipe (20) at the drilling fluid pool (18) is not discharged any more, the air pump (21) is closed;
step 10, after the air pump (21) is closed, detaching the lower end cover (10) of the rock sample pressure cavity, taking out the axial plunger (809), the plunger collar (808), the rock sample (807), the Fang Jiao sleeve (806) and the rock sample axial pressing block (805), and cleaning residual drilling fluid and rock scraps in the rock sample pressure cavity (801);
and 11, repeating the steps 1-10 for a new experiment.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117571489A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-20 | 东北大学 | Rock drillability evaluation test device under true three-dimensional high stress state |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117571489A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-20 | 东北大学 | Rock drillability evaluation test device under true three-dimensional high stress state |
| CN117571489B (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-03-22 | 东北大学 | Rock drillability evaluation test device under true three-dimensional high stress state |
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