CN116114767B - 乳制品在制备抗炎产品中的应用 - Google Patents
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- CN116114767B CN116114767B CN202310273091.5A CN202310273091A CN116114767B CN 116114767 B CN116114767 B CN 116114767B CN 202310273091 A CN202310273091 A CN 202310273091A CN 116114767 B CN116114767 B CN 116114767B
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- calcium
- milk
- osteopontin
- lactoferrin
- dairy product
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Abstract
本发明提供了乳制品在制备抗炎产品中的应用。本发明的乳制品包括乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙盐;所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.006%~0.7%;所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.01%~0.04%;所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.01%~1.5%。本发明的乳制品中含有乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙,对炎症有协同的抑制效应,并且安全性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乳制品在制备抗炎产品中的应用。
背景技术
乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin, LF)是一种铁结合糖蛋白,红色转铁蛋白家族,在大多数生物活性液包括乳中表达,是哺乳动物的先天免疫系统的一个主要部分。保护范围从大范围的微生物直接的抗菌,包括细菌、病菌、真菌、寄生虫,到抗炎和抗癌活性。1939年首次在牛乳中发现乳铁蛋白,1960年从人乳中分离出乳铁蛋白并定性。牛乳(常乳)含量一般为30mg/L,人乳(常乳)为1000mg/L,初乳中的乳铁蛋白含量会高几倍。
骨桥蛋白(Osteopontin,OPN)是一种富含唾液酸的高度磷酸化的糖蛋白,也是一种重要的细胞粘附及趋化因子,可由体内多种细胞(如成骨细胞、上皮细胞、活化的T淋巴细胞、单核/巨噬细胞系、神经细胞等)的合成并分泌。骨桥蛋白存在于大多数组织和体液中,在母乳中浓度最高。母乳中的骨桥蛋白,约占总蛋白质的5%~10%,在母乳的含量报道为99.7~266.2mg/L。研究发现,骨桥蛋白能显著促进人类小肠腺窝状细胞增殖,降低急性肠炎鼠中肠道嗜中性粒细胞的活性,减少肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、干扰素γ等一系列促炎因子的分泌,以及通过增强和恢复上皮屏障等降低有害的宿主反应。
钙离子作为矿物质的一种,是身体中非常重要的物质,参与了众多生命活动的新陈代谢。目前,关于乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙的研究越来越受到人们的关注,但抗炎功效方面中,将乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙联合使用的效果尚不明确,需要进一步探究。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供乳制品在制备抗炎产品中的应用,本发明的乳制品中含有乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙,对炎症有协同的抑制效应,并且安全性高,值得推广应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种乳制品,包括乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙盐;
所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.006%~0.7%;
所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.01%~0.04%;
所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.01%~1.5%。
在本发明中,所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.03~0.6%;
所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.02%~0.04%;
所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.3%~1.5%。
在本发明中,所述乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙的质量比为1:(0.1~5):(0.001~40);优选的为1:(0.15~5):(0.006~20),更优选为1:(0.15~5):(0.01~10)。
在本发明中,所述乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙的质量比为1:(0.1~5):(0.011~0.06)。
在本发明中,所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.03%~0.2%;
所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.022%~0.04%;
所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.3%~0.5%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.035%;
所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.03%;
所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.35%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.11%;
所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.022%;
所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.45%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.008%;
所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.04%;
所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.32%。
在本发明中,所述乳铁蛋白来自牛乳或其制品、羊乳或其制品、骆驼乳或其制品中的一种或多种,优选为乳清蛋白粉;在本发明的一个实施例中,所述乳铁蛋白来自WPC80乳清蛋白粉和D90脱盐乳清粉。
在本发明中,所述骨桥蛋白来自牛乳或其制品、羊乳或其制品、骆驼乳或其制品中的一种或多种优选为乳清蛋白粉;在本发明的一个实施例中,所述骨桥蛋白来自WPC80乳清蛋白粉和D90脱盐乳清粉。
在本发明中,所述钙盐来自碳酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、柠檬酸钙、乳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、L-苏氨酸钙、甘氨酸钙、天门冬氨酸钙、醋酸钙、氯化钙、磷酸三钙、维生素E琥珀酸钙、甘油磷酸钙、硫酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、乳矿物盐、酪蛋白钙、苹果酸钙和抗坏血酸钙中的一种或多种;乳矿物盐的主要成分是磷酸钙,除此之外还包括蛋白质、乳糖及锌、磷、钠、钾、镁、等丰富的营养成分,含钙量约为23%~28%,其钙磷比为2∶1;在本发明的一个实施例中,所述钙盐为氯化钙。
在本发明中,除上述组分外,所述乳制品还包括乳脂、植物油、鱼油、膳食纤维、益生菌中的一种或多种;
所述植物油选自葵花籽油、玉米油、椰子油、菜籽油、亚麻籽油、花生油、豆油中的一种或多种;
所述植物油在乳制品中的质量含量为0.1%~10%;
所述膳食纤维选自低聚半乳糖、低聚果糖、母乳低聚糖中的一种或多种;
所述膳食纤维在乳制品中的质量含量为0.9%~7%。
低聚半乳糖(GOS)以乳清为原料,经酶解合成喷雾干燥等工艺精制而成的乳白或微黄色粉末,是母乳化的功能性低聚糖。低聚半乳糖对肠内的益生菌群有很强的增殖作用,同时具有和植物纤维相同的效用,可促进肠胃蠕动,改善肠道功能。低聚半乳糖对热和酸相当安定,可满足各种食品加工工艺的要求。
低聚果糖(FOS)是一种天然活性物质,甜度为蔗糖的0.3-0.6倍。低聚果糖不仅保持了蔗糖的纯正甜味性质,又比蔗糖甜味清爽。具有调节肠道菌群,增殖双歧杆菌,促进钙的吸收,调节血脂,免疫调节,抗龋齿等保健功能。
母乳低聚糖(HMOs)是由3-10个单糖单元通过糖苷链连接而成的碳水化合物,是存在人类母乳中的复杂混合低聚糖。HMOs能够促进益生菌生长,抑制有害菌黏附、保护肠道屏障,调控肠道细胞增殖与分化,调节机体免疫,促进认知功能发育等。
所述益生菌选自双歧杆菌、酵母菌、益生芽孢菌、丁酸梭菌、乳杆菌中的一种或多种;
所述益生菌的在乳制品中的质量含量为≤0.02%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述益生菌为双歧杆菌;所述益生菌优选以益生菌粉的形式加入到所述乳制品中。更优选地,基于1000重量份的乳制品,双歧杆菌粉的添加量为0~0.2重量份;再优选为0.18~0.2重量份。更优选地,每重量份双歧杆菌粉含双歧杆菌为3×1010CFU以上。
在本发明中,所述乳制品还优选包括奶油、糖、核苷酸和氯化胆碱;
所述乳糖在乳制品中的质量含量为12%~35%;
所述核苷酸在乳制品中的质量含量小于0.07%;
氯化胆碱在乳制品中的质量含量小于0.2%。
本发明还提供了上述乳制品在制备抗炎产品中的应用。
在本发明中,所述抗炎包括抑制促炎因子相关基因的表达,和/或,下调炎症通路相关蛋白的表达;
所述促炎因子包括IL-1β和/或IL-6,优选为IL-1β;
所述炎症通路相关蛋白包括TLR4、p-p65、p-STAT3中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的乳制品中含有乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙,对炎症有协同的抑制效应,并且安全性高。经过本发明实验例证实,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙三种组分在限定比例下,可缓解LPS诱导下RAW264.7巨噬细胞在mRNA水平抑制促炎因子的表达,并且在蛋白水平下调炎症通路相关蛋白的表达,缓解炎症反应的影响。
附图说明
图1是本发明实验例中LF-OPN-钙离子处理巨噬细胞的流程图;
图2是本发明实验例中LF-OPN-钙组合对LPS作用下细胞的影响;
图3是本发明实验例中乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白未消化物对细胞活性的影响;
图4是本发明实验例中乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白消化物对细胞活性的影响;
图5是本发明实验例中LF- OPN-钙组合对IL-1β mRNA水平表达的影响;
图6是本发明实验例中LF- OPN-钙组合对IL-6 mRNA水平表达的影响;
图7是本发明实验例中LF- OPN-钙组合对炎症通路相关蛋白表达的影响;
图8是本发明实验例中LF- OPN组合和LF- OPN-钙组合对IL-1β mRNA水平表达的影响。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面通过以下实施例进行详细说明。本发明以下实施例所用的原料均为市售商品。
实验例
1、材料与试剂
RAW264.7巨噬细胞、氯化钙、LPS、乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白、PBS缓冲液、猪胰蛋白酶、猪胃蛋白酶、DMEM培养基(Gibco, 11995065),氯化钙的纯度≥99%,乳铁蛋白来自Hilmar1000,骨桥蛋白来自Lacprodan® OPN-10。
2、LF-OPN-钙的体外消化
(1)设置实验组,其原料组成及比例为:
第一组:由乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙组成,其中,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙中的钙的质量比为1:5:0.06;
第二组:由乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙组成,其中,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙中的钙的质量比为1:1:0.02;
第三组:由乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙组成,其中,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙中的钙的质量比为1:0.15:0.0115;
第四组:由乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙组成,其中,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙中的钙的质量比为1:0.1:0.011;
第五组:由乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙组成,其中,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙中的钙的质量比为1:3:0.04。
第六组:由乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙组成,其中,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和氯化钙中的钙的质量比为1:0.02:0.012。
第七组:由乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白组成,其中,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白的质量比为1:0.2。
(2)将LF、OPN及钙按照步骤(1)中的比例先后溶解于模拟胃消化液、肠消化液的体外消化系统中,在作用于细胞前将消化后的样品通过0.22 μm的滤膜除菌。
3、LF-OPN-钙离子处理巨噬细胞
将2 × 105个/孔的RAW264.7细胞接种到6孔培养板内,每个处理组3个重复。将接种好的细胞放于37℃ 5% CO2的条件下培养,24 h后更换含有LF和OPN、钙离子(体外消化后的单体或组合)的不含血清和抗生素的DMEM培养基预处理6 h。随后向培养基中加入LPS使之浓度为1μg/ml,处理时间为LPS作用2h收集细胞提取RNA,作用6h收集细胞提蛋白,试验过程如图1所示。
4、检测指标
(1)细胞形态
RAW264.7细胞接种于12孔细胞培养板,24h后更换含有LF、OPN、钙离子且不含血清以及抗生素的DMEM培养基。蛋白孵育6h后,加入LPS使其浓度为1μg/ml,作用6h。利用倒置显微镜,对不同时间点处理后的RAW264.7细胞进行拍照,记录细胞形态,表征分化程度。
实验结果如图2所示,图2中,左:空白对照组;中:LPS组;右:乳铁蛋白-骨桥蛋白-钙组合+LPS组。RAW264.7在LPS作用6h后,细胞形状由未分化时的圆形变为细长形;但是在活性蛋白-钙组合提前作用6h的情况下,LPS作用6h后,细胞的形态比只加LPS的要圆一些,更接近于未分化时的细胞形态。
(2)细胞活性
通过CCK8实验确定活性蛋白对RAW264.7的细胞毒性。将细胞培养于96孔板,接种24h后更换含有LF-OPN-钙消化物的不含血清和抗生素的DMEM培养基处理12h,更换含有CCK8且不含血清和抗生素的DMEM培养基处理1h。在450nm波长的酶标仪下测定吸光值。
实验结果如图3、图4所示,当LF与OPN浓度高于5mg/ml时,对细胞活性影响较大,浓度低于1mg/ml时对细胞毒性较小,因此在本实验采用LF和OPN的单体或混合浓度均为1mg/ml。
(3)炎症因子的表达
RAW264.7细胞接种于12孔细胞培养板,24h后更换含有LF-OPN-钙且不含血清以及抗生素的DMEM培养基。6h后加入LPS使其浓度为1μg/ml。2h后收取RNA,通过RT-qPCR对IL-6、IL-1β等炎症因子在mRNA的表达水平进行定量分析。
IL-1β、IL-6是最常见的促炎因子,实验结果如图5、图6所示,可以看到,LF、OPN单体消化物都能够抑制炎症因子基因的表达,但组合物具有协同作用,在混合消化物中,当比例为LF:OPN:Ca=1:(0.1~5):(0.011~0.06)均优于LF、OPN单体,并具有统计学差异,从图8中可以看到,相较于乳铁蛋白和骨桥蛋白(LF:OPN=1:0.2)的实验组,乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙组(LF:OPN:Ca=1:0.2:0.012)有更好的抗炎效果,并具有统计学差异。
(4)炎症通路相关蛋白表达
RAW264.7细胞接种于12孔细胞培养板,24h后更换含有LF、OPN、钙离子且不含血清以及抗生素的DMEM培养基。6h后加入LPS使其浓度为1μg/ml。再6h后收取蛋白样品,通过Western blot分析TLR4、NF-κB通路相关蛋白的表达。
在使用LPS、LF及OPN单体消化物以及不同比例的复合消化物处理RAW264.7六小时后,检测膜蛋白TLR4、NF-κB通路关键蛋白p-p65(p65)、以及下游JNK/STAT通路中p-STAT3的表达。结果如图7所示,可以看到,LF:OPN:Ca=1:(0.1~5):(0.011~0.06),尤其是LF:OPN:Ca=1:(0.1~5):(0.011~0.02)的组合物,相比于LF或OPN单体,能够更好抑制炎症通路蛋白的表达。
所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (8)
1.乳制品在制备抗炎产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述乳制品包括乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙盐;
所述乳铁蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.006%~0.7%;
所述骨桥蛋白在乳制品中的质量分数为0.01%~0.04%;
所述钙盐中的钙在乳制品中的质量分数为0.01%~1.5%;所述乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和钙的质量比为1:(0.15~5):(0.0115~0.06)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白来自牛乳或其制品、羊乳或其制品、骆驼乳或其制品中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述骨桥蛋白来自牛乳或其制品、羊乳或其制品、骆驼乳或其制品中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述钙盐来自碳酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、柠檬酸钙、乳酸钙、磷酸氢钙、L-苏氨酸钙、甘氨酸钙、天门冬氨酸钙、醋酸钙、氯化钙、磷酸三钙、维生素E琥珀酸钙、甘油磷酸钙、硫酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、乳矿物盐、酪蛋白钙、苹果酸钙和抗坏血酸钙中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述乳制品还包括乳脂、植物油、鱼油、膳食纤维、益生菌中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述植物油选自葵花籽油、玉米油、椰子油、菜籽油、亚麻籽油、花生油、豆油中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述膳食纤维选自低聚果糖、母乳低聚糖中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述益生菌选自酵母菌、丁酸梭菌、乳杆菌中的一种或多种。
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