CN116114706B - 硝酸钐在缓解水稻高温胁迫中的应用 - Google Patents
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- YZDZYSPAJSPJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Sm+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YZDZYSPAJSPJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title claims description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 abstract description 90
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SXEHKFHPFVVDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(4-hydrazinylphenyl)phenyl]hydrazine Chemical compound C1=CC(NN)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(NN)C=C1 SXEHKFHPFVVDIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 2
- YHVQIDWAIRCSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrotetrazol-2-ium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[O-][N+](=O)N1C=[NH+]N=N1 YHVQIDWAIRCSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008288 physiological mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 rare earth nitrate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
本发明公开了硝酸钐在缓解水稻高温胁迫中的应用，硝酸钐处理能够减少高温胁迫下水稻植株积累活性氧，缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害，进而降低高温胁迫对水稻干重、存活率、单株产量的降低效应。与高温对照处理相比，35g/L硝酸钐处理通过缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害，进而能实现高温胁迫下水稻存活率提升62%、单株产量提升58%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物生长调节剂技术领域，具体涉及硝酸钐在缓解水稻高温胁迫中的应用。
背景技术
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是世界上最重要的粮食作物，全球有60％人口以稻米作为主粮。然而，随着全球气候变暖，高温热害频发。高温不仅会影响水稻生长发育，还会降低水稻产量和品质。极端高温甚至会导致水稻死亡、水稻颗粒无收。因此，研发能缓解水稻高温胁迫的调节剂具有非常重要的意义和应用前景。
硝酸钐是一种稀土硝酸盐化合物，易溶于水。经国内外检索，目前没有利用硝酸钐来缓解水稻高温胁迫的专利及文献报道。本发明通过硝酸钐处理水稻，能够缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害，进而提升高温胁迫下水稻的存活率，保障高温胁迫下水稻相对稳产。
发明内容
本发明提供了硝酸钐在缓解水稻高温胁迫中的应用，硝酸钐处理能够减少高温胁迫下水稻植株积累活性氧，缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害。
硝酸钐用于缓解高温胁迫对水稻幼苗存活率的降低效应：与高温对照处理相比，0.3g/L硝酸钐就能缓解高温胁迫对水稻存活率的降低效应，随着硝酸钐处理浓度的增加，硝酸钐对水稻高温胁迫的缓解效果增强，35g/L硝酸钐处理后水稻存活率提升62％。
硝酸钐用于缓解高温胁迫对水稻产量的降低效应：与常温对照相比，高温显著降低供试水稻单株产量，与高温对照处理相比，35g/L硝酸钐处理后水稻单株产量提升58％。
针对水稻耐热性不强的问题，通过施用硝酸钐增强水稻耐热性，进而缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害。硝酸钐具有成本低，效益高，操作简单快捷等优点，是一种较理想的缓解水稻高温胁迫的调节剂。
附图说明
图1.实施例1中35g/L硝酸钐缓解水稻高温胁迫的效果图。
图2.实施例2中35g/L硝酸钐清除高温胁迫下水稻叶片活性氧的效果图。35g/L硝酸钐常温下预处理2d，高温处理12h后拍照，DAB(二氨基联苯胺)染色用于定性表示过氧化氢(H2O2)的积累量，NBT(氯化硝基四氮唑蓝)染色用于定性表示超氧阴离子(O2 -)的积累量。
具体实施方式
实施例1：硝酸钐缓解高温胁迫对水稻幼苗存活率、干重的降低效应
以粳稻d18为实验材料，验证不同浓度的硝酸钐在缓解水稻高温胁迫中的效果，其方法是：
常温对照：挑选发芽一致的d18小苗，利用国际水稻所(IRRI)水稻配方营养液常温(白天29℃，光照；晚上26℃,黑暗)培养21d+39h后统计数据(存活率、干重)。
高温对照：挑选发芽一致的d18小苗，利用国际水稻所(IRRI)水稻配方营养液常温培养9d，然后进行高温(白天43℃，光照；晚上43℃，黑暗)处理39h，常温恢复12d后统计数据(存活率、干重)。
常温+硝酸钐：挑选发芽一致的d18小苗，利用国际水稻所(IRRI)水稻配方营养液常温培养7d，利用不同浓度的硝酸钐(0.3、3、35、70、140g/L)常温预处理2d，然后常温培养12d+39h后统计数据(存活率、干重)。
高温+硝酸钐：挑选发芽一致的d18小苗，利用国际水稻所(IRRI)水稻配方营养液常温培养7d，利用不同浓度的硝酸钐(0.3、3、35、70、140g/L)预处理2d，然后进行高温处理39h，常温恢复12d后统计数据(存活率、干重)。
采用水培法进行不同浓度的硝酸钐(0.3、3、35、70、140g/L)预处理。水培溶液中含有国际水稻所(IRRI)水稻营养液配方。
表1硝酸钐缓解高温胁迫对水稻幼苗存活率、干重的降低效应
由表1可见，高温胁迫会对水稻造成严重伤害，导致水稻干重、存活率下降，硝酸钐处理能够缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害，进而缓解高温胁迫对水稻干重、存活率的降低效应。即使在硝酸钐处理浓度较低(0.3g/L)的情况下，硝酸钐就能缓解水稻高温胁迫，随着硝酸钐处理浓度的增加，硝酸钐对水稻高温胁迫的缓解效果增强，然而过高浓度的硝酸钐处理则会减弱硝酸钐对水稻高温胁迫的缓解作用。与高温对照处理相比，硝酸钐处理通过缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害，进而能实现高温胁迫下水稻存活率提升15％～62％。
实施例2：硝酸钐缓解高温胁迫对水稻产量的降低效应
以粳稻d18为实验材料进行试验，其方法是：
常温对照：在水稻开花期，挑选长势一致的供试水稻作为实验材料，利用H2O作为对照常温下喷施供试水稻，喷施2d，2次/d，然后常温条件下等水稻成熟后统计单株产量和单株产量降低幅度。
常温+硝酸钐：在水稻开花期，挑选长势一致的供试水稻作为实验材料，35g/L硝酸钐常温下喷施供试水稻，喷施2d，2次/d，然后常温条件下等水稻成熟后统计单株产量和单株产量降低幅度。。
高温对照：在水稻开花期，挑选长势一致的供试水稻作为实验材料，利用H2O作为对照常温下喷施供试水稻，喷施2d，2次/d，随后高温(43℃，光照)处理6h，然后常温条件下等水稻成熟后统计单株产量和单株产量降低幅度。。
高温+硝酸钐：在水稻开花期，挑选长势一致的供试水稻作为实验材料，35g/L硝酸钐常温下喷施供试水稻，喷施2d，2次/d，随后高温(43℃,光照)处理6h，然后常温条件下等水稻成熟后统计单株产量和单株产量降低幅度。
表2硝酸钐缓解高温胁迫对水稻产量的降低效应
由表2可见，与常温对照相比，高温显著降低(55％)供试水稻单株产量，35g/L硝酸钐处理可以显著地缓解高温对供试水稻单株产量的降低效应。
为了进一步探究硝酸钐剂缓解水稻高温胁迫的生理机制，我们研究了35g/L硝酸钐对高温胁迫下水稻叶片积累活性氧[过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子(O2 -)]的影响，结果如图2所示，高温胁迫下，供试水稻叶片积累了大量活性氧H2O2和O2 -，而硝酸钐处理能够显著减少高温胁迫下水稻叶片积累活性氧。很多研究表明，活性氧的过量积累会对植物造成伤害。因此，我们推测硝酸钐可能通过减少活性氧积累来缓解高温对水稻造成的伤害。
综上所述，高温胁迫可能导致水稻积累过量的活性氧，进而对水稻造成严重伤害，导致水稻干重、存活率以及单株产量降低；硝酸钐处理能够减少高温胁迫下水稻植株积累活性氧，缓解高温对水稻造成的伤害，进而提升高温胁迫下水稻干重、存活率、单株产量。即使在硝酸钐处理浓度较低(0.3g/L)的情况下，硝酸钐就能缓解水稻高温胁迫，随着硝酸钐处理浓度的增加，硝酸钐对水稻高温胁迫的缓解效果增强，然而过高浓度的硝酸钐处理则会减弱硝酸钐对水稻高温的缓解作用。与高温对照处理相比，35g/L硝酸钐处理通过缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害，进而能实现高温胁迫下水稻存活率提升62％、单株产量提升58％。
Claims (2)
1.硝酸钐在制备缓解水稻高温胁迫的调节剂中应用，其特征在于，硝酸钐的使用浓度为0.3-140 g/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，硝酸钐的使用浓度为3-35 g/L。
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