CN116113651A - 用于涂覆大型部件的涂层系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于涂覆大型部件的涂层系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116113651A CN116113651A CN202180057157.6A CN202180057157A CN116113651A CN 116113651 A CN116113651 A CN 116113651A CN 202180057157 A CN202180057157 A CN 202180057157A CN 116113651 A CN116113651 A CN 116113651A
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- Prior art keywords
- putty
- coating
- layer
- coating system
- layers
- Prior art date
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 9
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 methylenebis-4, 1-cyclohexanediyl Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJIAMFHSAAEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HTTGVORJOBRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(triazin-4-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NN=N1 HTTGVORJOBRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-iminooxadiazine-4,5-dione Chemical class N=C1ON=NC(=O)C1=O PJMDLNIAGSYXLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- KCZQSKKNAGZQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(6-isocyanatohexyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN1C(=O)N(CCCCCCN=C=O)C(=O)N(CCCCCCN=C=O)C1=O KCZQSKKNAGZQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHCGGLXPGFJNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2H-benzotriazol-4-yl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=C1N=NN2 YHCGGLXPGFJNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CCTFMNIEFHGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropyl acetate Chemical compound COCCCOC(C)=O CCTFMNIEFHGTDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004705 aldimines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004658 ketimines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical class O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDZYGYFHTPFREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-aminopropyl(dimethoxy)silyl]oxypropan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCCCN ZDZYGYFHTPFREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCN HXLAEGYMDGUSBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWLDCNACDPTRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilyl-n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC RWLDCNACDPTRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZZGHGKTHXIOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilyl-n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC TZZGHGKTHXIOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCRFSFHOXGLCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[Ca].[P] Chemical compound [Sr].[Ca].[P] LCRFSFHOXGLCKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001978 electrochemical passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- DBUFGTBLIAQSPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanamine;ethylazanium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCN.CC[NH3+].OC([O-])=O DBUFGTBLIAQSPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCOASYLMDUQBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCNCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC XCOASYLMDUQBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LJDZFAPLPVPTBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroformic acid Chemical class OC(=O)[N+]([O-])=O LJDZFAPLPVPTBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGCQIVYCVYWYCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-nitrobenzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O XGCQIVYCVYWYCW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/798—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing urethdione groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有至少一层腻子层和至少一层透明涂层的涂层系统，其中腻子层由基于聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的腻子化合物制成，透明涂层由基于RMA粘合剂或聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的透明涂层制成。本发明还涉及用于生产这些涂层系统的方法，其中在步骤(a)中，将至少一层腻子层施加到基材表面，在步骤(b)中，通过打磨使固化的腻子层平滑，以及在步骤(c)中将至少一层透明涂层施加到经打磨的腻子层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有基于聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的腻子层和基于RMA粘合剂或聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的透明涂层的涂层系统。本发明还涉及生产这些涂层系统的改进的方法，其特别用于涂覆非常大的物体，例如机器、部件或车辆，例如用于涂覆铁路车厢、起重机、挖掘机或自卸车。
背景技术
通常采用由4至5层组成的涂层结构或涂层系统来用于涂覆上述物体。例如，铁路车厢的涂层具有涂层系统，其具有底漆层、腻子层、填料层和面漆层。对于后者，可以用常规的底涂层-透明涂层系统代替。
为了构建涂层系统，首先将底漆层施加到所制备和清洁的基材表面。术语“底漆”在下文中定义为直接施加到基材表面(即金属表面)的薄层，并在涂层系统中用作具有某些功能(如增粘和防腐)的底漆。为了生产底漆层，通常使用基于环氧树脂粘合剂或聚氨酯粘合剂的涂层材料，这些粘合剂必须在高温下固化。
将腻子施加到底漆层，然后固化，随后进行打磨。术语“腻子”在下文中定义为高度填充的涂层材料组合物，使得涂层可以在没有重大问题的情况下被打磨。它们可用于补偿表面较大的不规则性。常规使用的腻子是基于不饱和聚酯粘合剂的组合物，必须通过抹刀手动将其施加到底漆层。所获得的腻子层可以在没有重大问题的情况下进行打磨，然而，它们显示出非预期的高吸湿性，损害了进一步的加工。
为了使部分经打磨的腻子层的表面光滑，施加一层或多层填料层。然后，根据所需的装饰设计，通常会接着有一层或多层着色漆，以及可选的一层或多层透明涂层。术语“填料”在下文中定义为用于补偿表面较小的不规则性(如磨削产生的条纹)的涂层材料组合物。常规填料是基于聚氨酯粘合剂或环氧树脂粘合剂的组合物，所述粘合剂在高温下固化。术语“着色漆”在下文中定义为在施加到基材后会形成有色涂层的涂层材料。术语“透明涂层”在下文中定义为具有保护性、装饰性和/或特定技术特性的透明涂层的涂层材料。
常规的着色漆层是由基于聚氨酯粘合剂的着色涂层材料制成的，聚氨酯粘合剂在高温下固化。此外，一层或多层透明涂层还可以额外施加到这些层上，以保护涂层并改善其性能。
由于需要4至5层，已知涂层系统的生产既耗材又耗时。除此之外，由于单独层的固化必需在在高温下，对能量的需求很高。
发明内容
因此，本发明的问题是提供用于其生产的改进的涂层系统和方法，特别是需要消耗更少材料、时间和能量的方法。该问题通过根据主权利要求的涂层系统及其用途以及根据独立权利要求用于其生产的方法来解决。从属权利要求和说明书公开了进一步的实施例。
根据本发明的涂层系统包含一层或多层腻子层以及一层或多层透明涂层。腻子层由具有一种或多种聚天门冬氨酸酯的粘合剂组分和具有一种或多种聚异氰酸酯的硬化剂组分的腻子制成。透明涂层由基于RMA粘合剂或聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的透明涂层涂料制成。
术语“涂层系统”在下文中定义为在基材上涂层的结构，该结构表现为至少有两层。这些层通过涂层材料的施加以及随后固化或干燥以获得连续的固体层而获得。术语“RMA粘合剂”在下文中定义为在Michael加成中交联的粘合剂系统。它们具有作为RMA供体的CH酸化合物，作为RMA受体的插烯羰基化合物和潜在的碱催化剂。
在另一个实施例中，根据本发明的涂层系统还包括施加到腻子层的至少一层着色漆。所使用的着色漆优选含有RMA粘合剂或聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂。然后将至少一层透明涂层施加到着色漆层。
腻子的流挂极限在200μm至1200μm的范围内，优选250μm至1000μm，更优选275μm至900μm，最优选300μm至750μm。术语“流挂极限”在下文中定义为以微米为单位的湿膜厚度，如果超过该厚度，喷涂在垂直表面上的涂层材料开始流挂。湿膜厚度定义为施加的未固化的涂层材料的层厚度。
此外，腻子的结构粘度值为35至85，优选45至75，更优选50至70。术语“结构粘度值”在下文中定义为涂层材料在0.1/s剪切速率时的剪切粘度与在1000/s剪切速率时的剪切粘度之比。为此，在23℃下，借助旋转粘度计测量剪切粘度，单位为mPas。
腻子可通过常规喷涂方法以高层厚度施加。此外，可以在一个步骤中构建具有厚层的涂层。它们的干燥时间明显短于传统使用的腻子。在室温(23℃)下固化后，腻子在其施加2小时后就变成了可磨层。此外，获得的腻子层表现出高耐化学品性和高耐候性、高弹性和良好的可磨性。此外，在已经被打磨之后，腻子层的表面是如此平坦和均匀，以至于不需要施加平滑填料层。
此外，由于它们的粘附特性，腻子也可以直接施加到基材表面，特别是金属表面，从而可以免去相应的底漆层。腻子可以通过低压工艺、高压工艺和超高压工艺中的常用喷涂方法施加，也可以通过静电辅助施加。
根据本发明的腻子具有粘合剂组分和硬化剂组分，粘合剂组分含有一种或多种聚天门冬氨酸酯和一种或多种填料。硬化剂组分包含一种或多种聚异氰酸酯。
根据式(I)的聚天门冬氨酸酯适用于本发明，
其中R1、R2、R3和R4彼此独立地表示氢、烷基或芳基，并且R5表示二价烷基、芳烷基、芳基或环烷基。
优选使用聚天门冬氨酸酯N，N′-(亚甲基二-4,1-环己烷二基)二-1,1′,4,4′-四乙酯、N,N′-[亚甲基-二(2-甲基-4,1-环己烷二基)]二-1,1′,4,4′-四乙酯、N,N′-(2-甲基-1,5-戊烷二基)二-1,1′,4,4′四乙酯及其混合物。聚天门冬氨酸酯的用量为5至50wt.-％，优选10至40wt.-％，更优选20至25wt.-％，在每种情况下，用量指腻子的总重量。
合适的填料是碳酸盐(如白垩、石灰石粉、方解石、沉淀碳酸钙、白云石、碳酸钡)、硫酸盐(如重晶石、硫酸钡粉、硫酸钙、滑石、绿泥石、高岭土、硅灰石、蒙脱石、板岩粉、长石、莫来石、浮石粉、珍珠岩、来自玻璃或玄武岩熔体的纤维、玻璃粉、玻璃球、矿渣)及其混合物。优选使用的填料是硫酸钡、滑石及其混合物。根据本发明，填料的用量为0.01至50wt.-％，优选5至40wt.-％，更优选10至30wt.-％，在每种情况下，用量指腻子的总重量。
基于脂肪族二异氰酸酯的聚异氰酸酯例如六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯(缩写：HDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(简写：IPDI)是合适的。优选低聚物脲二酮、异氰脲酸酯、脲基甲酸酯、缩二脲、亚氨基噁二嗪二酮及其混合物。更优选HDI脲二酮、HDI异氰脲酸酯、HDI脲基甲酸酯、HDI缩二脲、HDI亚氨基噁二嗪二酮、IPDI脲二酮、IPDI异氰脲酸酯、IPDI脲基甲酸酯、IPDI缩二脲、IPDI亚氨基噁二嗪二酮及其混合物。特别优选HDI脲二酮、HDI异氰脲酸酯、IPDI脲二酮和IPDI异氰脲酸酯及其混合物。
粘合剂组分和硬化剂组分以聚异氰酸酯(A)的异氰酸酯官能团与聚天门冬氨酸酯(B)的氨基官能团的摩尔比A：B在0.5：1至2：1的范围内使用，优选为0.6：1至1.8：1，更优选为0.7：1至1.7：1，最优选为0.8：1至1.6：1。
腻子的VOC值低。VOC值定义为在101.3kPa下沸点温度等于或低于250℃的挥发性有机组分(Volatile Organic Components)的含量。腻子的固体含量在70％至100％的范围内，优选为80％至100％，更优选为90％至100％。术语“固体含量”在下文中定义为蒸发后作为残留物的残留的涂层材料的质量百分比。
腻子的填充水平在30％至50％的范围内，优选为33％至47％，更优选为35％至45％，最优选为37％至43％。术语“填充水平”在下文中定义为基于腻子的总质量，未固化的腻子中存在的不溶性固体物质的质量百分比。
在另一个实施例中，腻子还含有至多30wt.-％，优选0.01至20wt.-％，更优选0.01至10wt.-％的非质子溶剂，在每种情况下，其量指腻子的总重量。术语“非质子溶剂”在下文中定义为分子中不含可电离质子的溶剂。合适的非质子溶剂是例如脂肪烃、环脂肪烃、芳香烃、酮、酯、醚和醚酯。优选乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酮、正丁醇、甲基异丁基酮、二异丁基酮、甲氧基丙基乙酸酯、二甲亚砜及其混合物。乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酮、正丁醇、甲基异丁基酮、甲氧基丙基乙酸酯、二异丁基酮及其混合物是特别优选的溶剂。
在另一个实施例中，腻子还含有增粘剂，优选在硬化剂组分中。合适的增粘剂是硅烷，如3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(GLYEO)、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GLYMO)、2-氨乙基-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、2-氨乙基-3-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、N-(正丁基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、双(3-三乙氧基硅基丙基)胺、双(3-三甲氧基硅基丙基)胺、3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AMEO)、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMMO)及其混合物。优选3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(GLYEO)、3-缩水甘油基氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(GLYMO)、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AMEO)、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMMO)及其混合物。
在优选的实施例中，腻子还含有缓蚀剂。因此，腻子可以作为所谓的直接金属涂层直接施加到金属基材上，从而不再需要底漆层。合适的缓蚀剂是单宁衍生物、碱式磺酸盐、硝基羧酸盐、氨基羧酸盐以及有机氮酸的锌盐，如硝基间苯二甲酸锌和三聚氰酸的锌盐。其他合适的缓蚀剂是被动防腐颜料，如铁云母和铝颜料。同样合适的是活性防腐颜料，例如磷酸盐(例如磷酸锌)、磷硅酸盐(例如锶-钙-磷硅酸盐)、硼酸盐、钼酸盐和铬酸盐，其导致金属表面的电化学钝化。这些可以进行表面处理，例如硅烷化。此外，也可以在基材上使用硅酸钙或硅酸镁。根据本发明，优选在基材上使用磷酸锌、锶-钙-磷硅酸盐、硅酸钙或硅酸镁及其混合物。根据本发明，所述缓蚀剂的用量至多为30wt.-％，优选为0.1至30wt.-％，更优选为5至25wt.-％，最优选为10至20wt.-％，在每种情况下，用量指腻子的总重量。
在另一优选实施例中，腻子还含有有机和/或无机有色颜料。因此，腻子还承担了着色漆层的功能。合适的颜料是二氧化钛、氧化铁、氧化铬、钛酸铬、钒酸铋、钴蓝、炭黑、颜料黄151、颜料黄213、颜料黄83、颜料橙67、颜料橙62、颜料橙36、颜料红170、颜料红188、颜料红254、颜料紫19、颜料紫23、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:6、颜料绿7及其混合物。二氧化钛、炭黑、颜料橙62、颜料红188、颜料红254、颜料紫23、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:6及其混合物是优选的颜料。根据本发明，颜料的用量为至多40wt.-％，优选为0.01至40wt.-％，更优选为0.01至30wt.-％，最优选为1至20wt.-％，在每种情况下，用量指腻子的总重量。
在另一优选实施例中，腻子还含有光稳定剂，以获得长时间的耐候性。合适的光稳定剂是自由基清除剂(例如，如基于取代的2,2,6-四甲基哌啶的空间位阻脂肪胺)、UV吸收剂(如2-羟基苯基苯并三唑、2-羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基苯基三嗪或草酰苯胺)以及猝灭剂(如有机镍化合物和过氧化物)和分解剂(如硫醚或亚磷酸盐)。优选使用基于取代的2,2,6-四甲基哌啶的空间位阻脂肪胺、2-羟基苯基苯并三唑、2-羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基苯基三嗪、草酰苯胺及其混合物。特别优选取代的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、2-羟基苯基三嗪、2-羟基二苯甲酮、草酰苯胺及其混合物。根据本发明，光稳定剂的用量至多为5wt.-％，优选为0.01至2wt.-％，更优选为0.1至1wt.-％，在每种情况下，其用量指腻子的总重量。
在另一优选实施例中，腻子还含有干燥剂。干燥剂是适合于吸收水分(特别是水)以及主要用于干燥气体、液体和固体的物质。分子筛(如合成和天然沸石)、恶唑烷酮、原羧酸酯、封闭胺(如醛亚胺或酮亚胺)及其混合物是优选的干燥剂。特别优选合成沸石、环脂肪醛亚胺或酮亚胺及其混合物。根据本发明，干燥剂的用量至多为25wt.-％，优选为0.1至25wt.-％，更优选为1至20wt.-％，最优选为5至15wt.-％，在每种情况下，其用量指腻子的总重量。
此外，腻子可含有本领域技术人员熟悉的常规助剂和添加剂，例如润湿剂、流变添加剂、增粘剂、流动改进添加剂、消泡剂和除氧剂。在这方面，添加剂和助剂的用量可至多为15wt.-％，优选为0.02至15wt.-％，更优选为0.2至10wt.-％，最优选为0.5至8wt.-％，在每种情况下，其用量指腻子的总重量。
由于其性质，根据本发明的涂层系统可以直接施加到基材表面(特别是金属基材)，而无需任何进一步的底漆或底漆层。
本发明的问题也通过一种用于生产涂层系统的方法来解决，其中在步骤(a)中，将选自根据本发明的腻子的至少一层腻子层施加到基材表面，在步骤(b)中，打磨固化的腻子层，并且在步骤(c)中，随后将至少一层透明涂层施加到该腻子层。
术语“施加涂层”在下文中定义为将涂层材料组合物施加到表面上(直接施加到基材或涂层)，随后固化以获得涂层。
在对基材表面进行常规清洁之后，通过在低压设备、高压设备或超高压设备中喷涂来施加根据本发明的腻子，并且随后在室温下固化。在另一实施例中，腻子可以施加到已经施加到基材表面的底漆层。
在另一实施例中，使用具有一种或多种有色颜料的腻子。它们还可以含有一种或多种光稳定剂。着色腻子可以替代着色漆层，因此不需要其他层。
将固化的腻子层抹平。随后，施加并固化透明涂层涂料。使用根据本发明的基于RMA粘合剂或聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的透明涂层可以在室温下固化。透明涂层涂料的固体含量为至少65％，优选为70％，更优选为至少80％，最优选为至少90％，以保持整个涂层系统的VOC值尽可能低。
根据本发明的方法的另一个实施例公开了一个附加步骤，其中首先将至少一层着色漆层施加到平滑的腻子层上。随后，将至少一层透明涂层施加到着色漆层。优选使用基于RMA粘合剂的着色漆。优选使用可在室温下固化的基于RMA粘合剂或聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的着色漆。通过施加由基于聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的透明涂层制成的根据本发明的最终透明涂层，获得了耐光涂层，其表面具有非常好的视觉性能。
具体实施方式
示例
根据本发明的涂层系统
示例1：腻子
组合物1.1.
组合物1.2.(直接施加到金属)
组合物1.3.(着色，直接施加到金属)
示例2：透明涂层组合物2.1
组合物2.2
| 组分 | 重量份 |
| 粘合剂组分 | |
| 聚天门冬氨酸酯 | 68.00 |
| 干燥剂 | 14.00 |
| 光稳定剂 | 0.50 |
| 添加剂 | 0.50 |
| 溶剂 | 17.00 |
| 硬化剂组分 | |
| 聚异氰酸酯 | 73.08 |
| 增粘剂 | 3.85 |
组合物2.3
| 组分 | 重量份 |
| 粘合剂组分 | |
| 丙二酸聚酯 | 60.00 |
| 双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯 | 10.00 |
| 季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯 | 16.00 |
| 光稳定剂 | 1.00 |
| 添加剂 | 0.20 |
| 乙醇 | 3.00 |
| 溶剂 | 9.80 |
| 单乙基碳酸铵 | 4.00 |
Claims (10)
1.涂层系统，其包含一层或多层腻子层和一层或多层透明涂层，其特征在于，所述腻子层由含有粘合剂组分和硬化剂组分的腻子制成，所述粘合剂组分具有一种或多种聚天门冬氨酸酯，所述硬化剂组分具有一种或多种聚异氰酸酯，并且所述透明涂层由基于RMA粘合剂或聚天门冬氨酸酯粘合剂的透明涂层涂料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂层系统，其特征在于，所述腻子的结构粘度值在35至85的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂层系统，其特征在于，所述腻子的流挂极限在200μm至1200μm的范围内。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涂层系统，其特征在于，所述腻子还含有一种或多种缓蚀剂。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的涂料系统，其特征在于，所述腻子还含有一种或多种有色颜料。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的涂层系统在金属涂层中的用途。
7.用于生产根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的涂层系统的方法，其特征在于
(a)将至少一层腻子层施加到基材表面，
(b)打磨腻子层，以及
(c)将至少一层透明涂层施加到经打磨的腻子。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，首先，将一层或多层底漆层施加到所述基材表面上，随后，将至少一层腻子层施加到底漆层。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，首先，将一层或多层着色漆层施加到经打磨的腻子层。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，用于生产着色漆层的着色漆含有RMA粘合剂。
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| DE102020005446.3A DE102020005446A1 (de) | 2020-09-07 | 2020-09-07 | Verbesserte Spachtelmassen und Verfahren zur Beschichtung großer Bauteile |
| PCT/DE2021/100738 WO2022048711A1 (de) | 2020-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Beschichtungssysteme und verfahren zur beschichtung grosser bauteile |
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| EP (1) | EP4211179A1 (zh) |
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| EP4211179A1 (de) | 2023-07-19 |
| WO2022048711A1 (de) | 2022-03-10 |
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