CN116112088A - Adaptive modulation method for multi-input multi-output type photon device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of optical waveguide integration, and particularly provides a self-adaptive modulation method of a multi-input multi-output type photon device. The modulation method comprises the following steps: constructing a multi-input multi-output type photon device; under a certain driving control signal, respectively applying input light with known power I to each group of input ports, simultaneously measuring at the output ports to obtain a splitting ratio signal corresponding to each input port, and obtaining a transmission matrix under the current driving control state by combining the splitting ratios; comparing the expected transmission matrix with the current transmission matrix to construct an error function; and correcting the driving control signal by taking the error function as a feedback signal, reducing the error by utilizing an optimizing iterative algorithm, and finally realizing the expected transmission matrix, wherein the driving control signal corresponding to the expected transmission matrix is the expected driving control signal. The advantages are that: the transmission matrix is dynamically adjustable; the rapid automatic reverse design can be realized; corresponding device parameters are obtained quickly and accurately according to the expected response.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical waveguide integration, in particular to a self-adaptive modulation method of a multi-input multi-output type photon device.
Background
Photonic integrated circuits (Photonic Integrated Circuit, PIC) have the advantages of large bandwidth, low latency, low power consumption, and are widely used in high-speed communications, high-performance computing, and optical neural network systems. The success of PICs stems from the large-scale integration of various devices on a single chip. As a basic element in PIC, the optical splitter is used for device-level optical path connection, optical resource allocation, or parallel vector matrix operation. According to scene requirements, the input signals are routed to different output ports, so that high-speed data communication and high-performance calculation are realized.
The existing beam splitters can be divided into fixed beam splitters and adjustable beam splitters: the fixed optical splitter designs the structure of the device through complex electromagnetic numerical simulation and optimization algorithm, and prepares the device according to the simulation result, and the fixed optical splitter structure can generally realize high performance and high integration level and can be manufactured into a large-scale structure; the adjustable beam splitter is such as multimode interference (Multimode Interferometer, MMI), mach-Zehnder (Mach ZehnderInterferometer, MZI) and Micro-electromechanical (Micro-electromechanical Systems, MEMS) type, and the beam splitter of the type has adjustable beam splitting ratio, can be used as a universal device, and is suitable for different scene requirements.
The conventional fixed beam splitter has the following problems:
1) The device has single function: because the device structures are fixed, each device structure only has a specific function, different devices are required to be prepared for each requirement, and the development and preparation of the special device cause great resource waste.
2) The application scenario is limited: because the function of the device is fixed, the control of light cannot be dynamically adjusted according to real-time requirements, so that the device can only be applied to a static system, and the application field and the range are greatly limited.
3) The reverse design process is tedious and time-consuming: the current common photonics device optimizes the optimal design parameters of the device through software simulation iteration, but large-scale iteration simulation consumes a great deal of time and calculation resources.
4) The comprehensive error is large: devices fabricated according to simulation results often do not yield optimal performance. The integrated error comes mainly from two aspects: firstly, the difference between the simulation model and the real physical structure causes errors of software simulation; and secondly, the process errors inevitably exist in the actual device processing process. The superposition of the two errors makes the final device unable to meet the actual requirements.
For a tunable optical splitter, there are the following problems:
1) Compact structure is poor: in order to adjust the device splitting ratio, a control system is required to be added, so that the size and complexity of the device are increased sharply, and the high-density large-scale integration is not facilitated;
2) On-demand modulation is difficult: although the device has modulation capability, there is no perfect solution yet how to set the drive signal so that the device quickly achieves the desired splitting function. Especially in real-time systems, the device cannot be quickly regulated to realize the required functions, and a certain gap is left between the device and the application.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for adaptive modulation of a multiple-input multiple-output photonic device.
The first object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive modulation method for a multi-input multi-output photonic device, comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-input multi-output type photon device; the multi-input multi-output photonic device includes: a plurality of groups of input ports, a photonic device body and a plurality of groups of output ports; the multi-input multi-output type photon device is used for distributing incoherent optical signals with the same frequency to each output port according to the adjustable power splitting ratio;
s2, under a certain drive control signal, sequentially applying input light with known power I to each input port of the multi-input multi-output photonic device, sequentially measuring at the output ports to obtain output signals, and obtaining a spectral ratio signal (a 11 a 12 … a 1n ) T 、(a 21 a 22 … a 2n ) T 、(a 31 a 32 … a 3n ) T 、…、(a n1 a n2 … a nn ) T The current transmission matrix is obtained by combining the spectral ratio columns
；
S3, comparing expected transmission matrixes
And the current transmission matrix->
Constructing a loss function or an error function to represent the difference between the two functions;
s4, correcting the driving control signal by taking the error function as a feedback signal, reducing the error by utilizing an optimizing iterative algorithm, and finally realizing the expected transmission matrix, wherein the driving control signal corresponding to the expected transmission matrix is the expected driving control signal.
Preferably, the photonic device body includes a plurality of sets of coupling region waveguides and amplitude modulation region waveguides; the construction is that each group of input port, coupling area waveguide, amplitude modulation area waveguide, coupling area waveguide and output port are connected in series through transition area waveguide in sequence to form the multi-input multi-output photon device.
Preferably, the output signal in step S2 is detected by the photodetector as having a power of O 11 、O 12 、…、O 1n 、O 21 、O 22 、…、O 2n 、…、O n1 、O n2 、…、O nn Is provided; the spectral ratio signal is obtained by matching
、
、…、
And (5) simplifying the product.
Preferably, the mimo type photonic device is a mimo type optical splitter, an optical switch or a wavelength division multiplexer.
Preferably, the driving control signal is a driving voltage or a driving current.
Preferably, the transition zone waveguide is a multimode interference type optical waveguide or an S-bend waveguide.
Preferably, the number of the input ports and the output ports is the same as the number of the amplitude modulation section waveguides and is not less than 3, and the number of the coupling section waveguides is 2 times that of the amplitude modulation section waveguides.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The transmission matrix is dynamically adjustable: the device structure can realize any transmission matrix, and different devices are not required to be designed and prepared independently for each requirement, so that resource waste is greatly avoided;
(2) Quick automatic reverse design: under a certain driving signal, in an experiment, the output power can be tested in millisecond time by applying input light with known power to an input port, and a corresponding transmission matrix under the driving signal is obtained according to the power relation between the input port and the output port; the driving signals corresponding to the expected transmission matrix can be rapidly and accurately solved through an optimizing algorithm without manual design, and the device is automatically adjusted to an expected function; the process does not need manual intervention, and is automatically tested and adjusted by the system;
(3) The experimental data are accurate: the transmission matrix is directly measured through experiments, so that simulation errors and machining errors caused by the traditional method are avoided; the method can be used for reverse design of photonic devices such as adjustable and programmable optical splitters, optical switches, wavelength division multiplexers and the like, has high robustness and self-adaptability, and can rapidly and accurately obtain corresponding device parameters according to expected response when the external environment and the self-state deviate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a structure of a multiple input multiple output photonic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a multi-input multi-output type photonic device adaptive modulation scheme based on an optimization algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a adaptive modulation scheme of a multi-input multi-output photonic device based on a neural network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. an input port; 2. a transition zone waveguide; 3. a coupling region waveguide; 4. an amplitude modulation region waveguide; 5. an output port; 6. a light source; 201. a beam splitter body; 202. a driving signal; 203. a photodetector; 204. a computer; 205. port split ratio; 206. a current transmission matrix; 207. a desired transmission matrix; 208. and updating the drive control parameters.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The self-adaptive modulation method of the multi-input multi-output photon device comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-input multi-output type photon device; the multi-input multi-output photonic device includes: a plurality of groups of input ports, a photonic device body and a plurality of groups of output ports; the multi-input multi-output type photon device is used for distributing incoherent optical signals with the same frequency to each output port according to the adjustable power splitting ratio;
s2, under a certain drive control signal, sequentially applying input light with known power I to each input port of the multi-input multi-output photonic device, sequentially measuring at the output ports to obtain output signals, and obtaining a spectral ratio signal (a 11 a 12 … a 1n ) T 、(a 21 a 22 … a 2n ) T 、(a 31 a 32 … a 3n ) T 、…、(a n1 a n2 … a nn ) T The current transmission matrix is obtained by combining the spectral ratio columns
；/>
S3, comparing expected transmission matrixes
And the current transmission matrix->
Constructing a loss function or an error function to represent the difference between the two functions;
s4, correcting the driving control signal by taking the error function as a feedback signal, reducing the error by utilizing an optimizing iterative algorithm, and finally realizing an expected transmission matrix, wherein the driving control signal corresponding to the expected transmission matrix is the expected driving control signal;
the photonic device body comprises a coupling area waveguide and an amplitude modulation area waveguide; when the multi-input multi-output type photon device is built, each group of input port, coupling area waveguide, amplitude modulation area waveguide, coupling area waveguide and output port are connected in series through transition area waveguide in sequence to form a complete multi-input multi-output type photon device;
the output signal in step S2 is detected by the photodetector to have a power of O 11 、O 12 、…、O 1n 、O 21 、O 22 、…、O 2n 、…、O n1 、O n2 、…、O nn Is provided; the spectral ratio signal is obtained by matching
、
、…、
The method is simplified;
the multi-input multi-output photon device is a multi-input multi-output optical splitter, an optical switch or a wavelength division multiplexer;
the driving control signal is a driving voltage or a driving current;
the transition zone waveguide is a multimode interference (MMI) type optical waveguide or an S-shaped bending waveguide;
in a specific embodiment, the number of input ports, amplitude modulation section waveguides and output ports is 4, and the number of coupling section waveguides is 2 times that of amplitude modulation section waveguides.
Example 1
Fig. 1-2 show an adaptive modulation method of a mimo optical splitter, comprising the steps of:
s1, constructing a multi-input multi-output optical splitter, which comprises the following steps: four groups of input ports 1, amplitude modulation zone waveguides 4 and output ports 5, eight groups of coupling zone waveguides 3; during construction, each group of input port 1, coupling area waveguide 3, amplitude modulation area waveguide 4, coupling area waveguide 3 and output port 5 are sequentially connected in series through transition area waveguide 2 to form four-way waveguide side-by-side arrangement; the transition zone waveguide 2 is an S-shaped bent waveguide;
s2, in the driving control signal 202 (d 1 d 2 … d m ) Next, a light source 6 of power I is applied to the first set of input ports 1, and a power O is tested at the output ports 5 by the photodetector 203 11 、O 12 、…、O 1n The output signal of the optical splitter to the input port 1 can be obtained as the optical splitting ratio
Is simplified to be expressed as%a 11 a 12 … a 1n ) T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The same operation as in step S2 is performed on the other three sets of input ports, and the respective split ratios (a 21 a 22 … a 2n ) T 、(a 31 a 32 … a 3n ) T 、(a 41 a 42 … a 4n ) T Obtaining a current transmission matrix by a beam splitting ratio>
；/>
S3, expected transmission matrix
And the current transmission matrix->
As a function of error;
s4, correcting the driving control signal by taking the error function as a feedback signal, updating the driving control parameter by utilizing an optimizing iterative algorithm to reduce the error, and finally realizing an expected transmission matrix, wherein the driving control signal corresponding to the expected transmission matrix is the expected driving control signal;
the driving control signal 202 is a driving voltage or a driving current;
step S4 includes a loss function at the time of feedback.
The method changes the refractive index of the waveguide by loading a voltage or current driving control signal in the coupling region, thereby controlling the transmission path of light in the waveguide; applying a driving signal to the amplitude modulation region to adjust the amplitude of the light field; an adjustable transmission matrix is realized by applying different drive signals at the modulating electrodes.
Example 2
Fig. 3 shows an adaptive modulation method of a mimo optical splitter, which includes the following steps:
s1, constructing a multi-input multi-output optical splitter, which comprises the following steps: four groups of input ports 1, coupling area waveguide 3, amplitude modulation area waveguide 4 and output ports 5; when in construction, each group of input port 1, coupling area waveguide 3, amplitude modulation area waveguide 4, coupling area waveguide 3 and output port 5 are connected in series through transition area waveguide 2 in sequence, wherein transition area waveguide 2 is an S-shaped bending waveguide;
s2, in the driving control signal 202 (d 1 d 2 … d m ) Next, a light source 6 of power I is applied to the first set of input ports 1, and a power O is tested at the output ports 5 by the photodetector 203 11 、O 12 、…、O 1n The output signal of the optical splitter to the input port 1 can be obtained as the optical splitting ratio
Is simply denoted as (a) 11 a 12 … a 1n ) T The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The same operation as in step S2 is performed on the other three sets of input ports, and the respective split ratios (a 21 a 22 … a 2n ) T 、(a 31 a 32 … a 3n ) T 、(a 41 a 42 … a 4n ) T Obtaining a current transmission matrix by a beam splitting ratio>
；
S3, repeating the process of the step S2 in a large number, loading different driving control signals each time, and obtaining different transmission matrixes at the output port 5; recording driving control signals and corresponding transmission matrixes of each time as a training set of the neural network;
s4, training a neural network by using the obtained training set, wherein the neural network comprises a forward neural network and a reverse neural network and is used for fitting the relation between the driving signals and the corresponding transmission matrix; the trained inverse neural network can be used as a fast solver, namely, a driving control signal required by the device can be obtained in millisecond time as long as a desired transmission matrix is input.
While embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described above, it will be appreciated that the above described embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Variations, modifications, alternatives and variations of the above-described embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
The above embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical idea of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The self-adaptive modulation method of the multi-input multi-output photonic device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, constructing a multi-input multi-output type photon device; the multi-input multi-output photonic device includes: a plurality of groups of input ports, a photonic device body and a plurality of groups of output ports; the multi-input multi-output type photon device is used for distributing incoherent optical signals with the same frequency to each output port according to the adjustable power splitting ratio;
s2, under a certain drive control signal, sequentially applying input light with known power I to each input port of the multi-input multi-output photonic device, sequentially measuring at the output port to obtain output signals, and obtaining a spectral ratio signal (a 11 a 12 … a 1n ) T 、(a 21 a 22 … a 2n ) T 、(a 31 a 32 … a 3n ) T 、…、(a n1 a n2 … a nn ) T The current transmission matrix is obtained by combining the spectral ratio columns
；
S3, comparing expected transmission matrixes
And the current transmission matrix->
Constructing a loss function or an error function to represent the difference between the two functions;
s4, correcting the driving control signal by taking the error function as a feedback signal, reducing the error by utilizing an optimizing iterative algorithm, and finally realizing the expected transmission matrix, wherein the driving control signal corresponding to the expected transmission matrix is the expected driving control signal.
2. The adaptive modulation method of a multiple-input multiple-output photonic device according to claim 1, wherein: the photonic device body comprises a plurality of groups of coupling area waveguides and amplitude modulation area waveguides; the construction is that each group of input port, coupling area waveguide, amplitude modulation area waveguide, coupling area waveguide and output port are connected in series through transition area waveguide in sequence to form the multi-input multi-output photon device.
3. The adaptive modulation method of a multiple-input multiple-output photonic device according to claim 2, wherein: the output signal in the step S2 is tested to be O by a photoelectric detector 11 、O 12 、…、O 1n 、O 21 、O 22 、…、O 2n 、…、O n1 、O n2 、…、O nn Is provided; the spectral ratio signal is obtained by matching
、
、…、
And (5) simplifying the product.
4. A method of adaptive modulation of a multiple-input multiple-output photonic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the multi-input multi-output type photon device is a multi-input multi-output type optical splitter, an optical switch or a wavelength division multiplexer.
5. The adaptive modulation method of a multiple-input multiple-output photonic device according to claim 4, wherein: the driving control signal is a driving voltage or a driving current.
6. The adaptive modulation method for a multiple-input multiple-output photonic device according to claim 5, wherein: the transition zone waveguide is a multimode interference type optical waveguide or an S-shaped bending waveguide.
7. The adaptive modulation method of a multiple-input multiple-output photonic device according to claim 6, wherein: the number of the input ports and the output ports is the same as the number of the amplitude modulation area waveguides and is not less than 3, and the number of the coupling area waveguides is 2 times that of the amplitude modulation area waveguides.
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