CN116106510A - Rock freezing and thawing after-brittleness degree evaluation method based on ultrasonic test - Google Patents
Rock freezing and thawing after-brittleness degree evaluation method based on ultrasonic test Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock freezing and thawing after brittleness degree evaluation method based on ultrasonic testing, which comprises the steps of carrying out saturation and freezing and thawing cycle treatment on a rock sample; drying after every freeze thawing for a certain number of times to obtain the volume, the mass and the wave speed of the rock sample in a dry state at different freeze thawing times; calculating the density of the rock sample according to the volume and the mass of the rock sample when the corresponding freeze thawing times are carried out; and obtaining the dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus and dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample by using the wave speeds of the density, longitudinal wave and transverse wave, and carrying out normalization treatment on the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic bulk modulus so as to obtain the brittleness index of the rock sample when the rock sample is frozen and thawed for different times. According to the method, the brittleness index of the rock can be obtained by only testing the longitudinal and transverse wave speed, the volume and the quality of the rock, the method is simple and effective in evaluating the brittleness degree of the rock, and the brittleness degree of the rock after freeze thawing of the same kind can be evaluated and predicted through a simple freeze thawing test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of freeze-thawing rock brittleness evaluation, in particular to a rock brittleness degree evaluation method after freeze thawing based on ultrasonic testing.
Background
The rock brittleness index refers to an inherent property exhibited by rock when it is broken by force, which is expressed by that the rock is slightly strained before macroscopic fracture, and is released in the form of elastic energy when broken. The method has important guiding significance in construction and stability evaluation of geotechnical engineering. At present, the research on the brittleness degree of the rock in the low-temperature freeze-thawing environment in the cold region is very few, the brittleness degree evaluation of the freeze-thawing rock often stays on subjective judgment of scientific researchers, and a prediction method for the brittleness degree of the rock after the rock is subjected to freeze thawing is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating the brittleness degree of the frozen and thawed rock based on ultrasonic testing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a rock brittleness degree evaluation method after freeze thawing based on ultrasonic testing comprises the following steps:
step1, preparing a standard rock sample and drying to obtain the volume, the mass and the wave velocity of the rock sample in a dry state when the rock sample is not frozen and thawed;
step2, carrying out saturation and freeze thawing cycle treatment on the rock sample;
step3, drying after every freeze thawing for a certain number of times to obtain the volume, the mass and the wave velocity of the rock sample in a dried state after freeze thawing;
step4, repeating the steps Step2 and Step3 until the specific freeze-thawing cycle times are reached;
step5, calculating the density of the rock sample according to the volume and the mass of the rock sample when the rock sample is frozen and thawed for a corresponding time;
step6, carrying out regression analysis according to the density, the wave speed of longitudinal waves and transverse waves of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times and the freeze thawing times to obtain fitting relations of the density, the wave speed of longitudinal waves and the wave speed of transverse waves of the rock sample and the freeze thawing coefficients;
step7, obtaining the dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus and dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample by using the wave speeds of the density, the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave, and carrying out normalization treatment by adopting a very poor normalization mathematical treatment means according to the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times;
step8, obtaining the brittleness index of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times, and finishing to obtain the brittleness index expression form taking the freeze thawing times as variables.
Preferably, the drying process in Step1 and Step3 is as follows: and placing the rock sample into a high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box, and setting the drying temperature to 105 ℃ for 24 hours.
Preferably, saturating the rock sample in Step2 comprises: placing the rock sample in a vacuum cylinder, adding distilled water until the rock sample is immersed in the water surface, pumping the rock sample by a vacuum pump to enable the pressure to reach-0.1 MPa for 6 hours, and then soaking the rock sample in the distilled water for 18 hours.
Preferably, freeze thawing the rock sample in Step2 comprises: placing a rock sample into a high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box, setting the freezing temperature to be minus 30 ℃ and the time to be 4 hours; the melting temperature is 30 ℃ and the time is 4 hours; setting the temperature rise and fall time of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box to be 0.5 hour; the single freeze-thaw cycle time amounted to 9 hours.
Preferably, the drying is performed 3 times per freeze-thawing in Step3, and the number of freeze-thawing cycles finally reached in Step4 is 24.
Preferably, in Step6, the fitting relationship between the density of the rock sample, the wave velocities of the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave and the freeze thawing coefficients is:
ρ＝2.21-0.0014n
v p ＝1554.44+1131.72e -n8.90
v s ＝1678.59-25.05n
wherein ρ represents the density of the rock sample, n represents the number of freeze thawing times, v p Representing the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock sample; v s Representing the shear wave velocity of the rock sample.
Preferably, in Step7, the calculation formulas of the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample are respectively:
wherein ,Ed Is the dynamic elastic modulus; k (K) bd Is the dynamic bulk modulus; g is the dynamic shear modulus; ρ is the density of the rock.
Preferably, the rock fragility index is expressed as:
wherein ,
the values are normalized by dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus and dynamic bulk modulus, and are dimensionless; f. g represents the expression that BI can be expressed as a related parameter, ρ represents the density of the rock sample, v p Representing the longitudinal wave velocity, v, of a rock sample s Represents the shear wave velocity of the rock sample, n represents the freeze-thawingTimes. The greater the BI, the greater the brittleness of the rock.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a brittleness index calculation method based on dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic bulk modulus and dynamic shear modulus on the premise of assuming that the influence of the three acoustic response parameters on the brittleness index is the same based on the theory that the brittleness degree of rock with higher dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic bulk modulus and dynamic shear modulus is higher. The three acoustic response parameters can be obtained only by testing the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity, the volume and the mass of the rock, and the brittleness index of the rock is further obtained. The method is simple and effective in evaluating the rock brittleness degree, and the brittleness degree of the same rock after freeze thawing can be evaluated and predicted through a simple freeze thawing test.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain the invention, and do not limit the invention, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating and predicting the brittleness degree of a rock after freeze thawing according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a single freeze-thaw temperature-time curve;
FIG. 3 is a correlation diagram reflecting the correlation of sandstone density with freeze-thaw times;
FIG. 4 is a correlation diagram reflecting the correlation of the longitudinal wave velocity of sandstone with the number of freeze-thawing times;
FIG. 5 is a correlation diagram reflecting the correlation of the shear wave velocity of sandstone with the number of freeze-thawing times;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of the brittleness index of each of the different freeze-thaw times of the sandstone samples in the examples of the present application;
fig. 7-9 are graphs of the fitting process analysis of density, shear wave velocity and longitudinal wave velocity using Origin software.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The application provides a rock freezing and thawing after-brittleness degree evaluation method based on ultrasonic testing, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Processing and screening rock samples: according to the recommended method of the International Commission on Experimental methods of rock mechanics, 50X 100mm standard rock samples were prepared and samples with good uniformity were screened out by porosity, longitudinal and transverse wave velocity and appearance.
(2) Placing a rock sample into a high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box, setting the drying temperature to 105 ℃ and the drying time to 24 hours, scanning the rock by using a handheld three-dimensional laser scanner, processing by using Geomagic analysis software to obtain the volume of the rock sample, measuring the mass of the rock sample by using a small electronic scale, and measuring the longitudinal wave and transverse wave velocity of the rock sample by using a rock parameter measuring instrument.
(3) Placing the rock sample in a vacuum cylinder, adding distilled water until the rock sample is immersed in the water surface, pumping by a vacuum pump to enable the pressure to reach-0.1 MPa for 6 hours, and then soaking the rock sample in the distilled water for 18 hours to finish the saturation of the rock sample. Then placing the rock sample into a high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box, setting the freezing temperature to be minus 30 ℃ and the time to be 4 hours; the melting temperature is 30 ℃ and the time is 4 hours; the temperature rise and fall time of the instrument is 0.5 hour respectively; the single freeze-thawing cycle time amounted to 9 hours to complete the freeze-thawing treatment.
(4) After 3 times of drying are carried out every freezing and thawing, a hand-held three-dimensional laser scanner is used for scanning the rock, the volume of a rock sample is obtained through Geomagic analysis software processing, the mass of the rock sample is measured by using a small electronic scale, and the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the rock sample are measured by using a rock parameter measuring instrument.
(5) Repeating (3) and (4) until freeze thawing is achieved 24 times.
(6) And calculating the density of the rock sample according to the volume and the mass of the rock sample when the corresponding freeze thawing times are carried out. Specifically, the density of the rock sample can be calculated by the following calculation formula:
(7) Wherein ρ represents the density of the rock sample at different freeze-thawing times; m represents the mass of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times; v represents the volume of the rock sample at various freeze-thaw times.
(8) The densities and the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of different freeze thawing times of the rock are shown in the following table.
Regression analysis is carried out on the density and the wave velocity of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times and the freeze thawing cycle times by using the regression analysis function of Origin software, and as shown in figures 3-5, the fitting relations between the density and the longitudinal and transverse wave velocity of the rock and the freeze thawing times are respectively as follows:
ρ＝2.21-0.0014n (1)
v p ＝1554.44+1131.72e -n/8.90 (2)
v s ＝1678.59-25.05n (3)
wherein n represents the number of freeze thawing times, v p Representing the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock sample; v s Representing the shear wave velocity of the rock sample.
The specific process of the fitting relation is as follows:
inputting the above table in Origin softwareAnd plotting the input data into a scatter plot, the observation that the density decreases substantially linearly with the number of freeze-thawing times, thus selecting a linear fitting software operation: analysis-fitting-linear fitting. As shown in fig. 7, the relationship between the density and the freeze-thawing times can be represented by ρ=a+bn, the lower intercept is the value of a, the slope is the value of b, R 2 For the fitting degree, a closer to 1 represents a better fitting degree.
Thus, the relationship between density and freeze-thaw times is ρ=2.21-0.0014n, r 2 =0.97. Wherein: ρ is density and n is the number of freeze thawing times. Finally, the fitting relation between the density and the freeze thawing times is obtained as the formula (1).
Similarly, the fitting process of the longitudinal wave velocity is as follows: the data in the table is input in Origin software, the input data is plotted into a scatter diagram, the longitudinal wave velocity is found to be nonlinearly reduced along with the freeze thawing times through observation, and the fitting is better through trying to embed Expdec1 with Origin.
As shown in FIG. 4, the relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity and the number of freeze thawing times can be used
Representing y 0 、A 1 、t 1 Specific values of (a) are given in lines 4-6 of the table in fig. 8. R is R 2 For the fitting degree, a closer to 1 represents a better fitting degree.
Therefore, the relation between the longitudinal wave velocity and the freezing and thawing times is that
v p ＝1131.72e -n/8.90 +1554.44,R 2 =0.99. Wherein: v p The longitudinal wave velocity is the wave velocity, and n is the freezing and thawing times. Finally, the fitting relation between the longitudinal wave velocity and the freeze thawing times is obtained as the formula (2).
The fitting process of the transverse wave velocity is as follows: inputting the data in the table in Origin software, and plotting the input data into a scatter plot, the density decreasing substantially linearly with the number of freeze thawing, by observation, thus selecting a linear fitting software operation step: analysis-fitting-linear fitting.
As shown in the table of FIG. 9, the relationship between shear wave velocity and freeze-thaw times can be expressed in terms of v s =a+bn, the lower intercept is the value of a, the slope is the value of b, R 2 For the fitting degree, a closer to 1 represents a better fitting degree.
Thus, the relation between the transverse wave velocity and the freeze thawing times is v s ＝1678.59-25.05n,R 2 =0.98. Wherein: v s The transverse wave velocity is the transverse wave velocity, and n is the freezing and thawing times. Finally, the fitting relation between the transverse wave velocity and the freeze thawing times is obtained as the formula (3).
The dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus and dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample were calculated by the following calculation formula:
wherein ：Ed Is the dynamic elastic modulus; k (K) bd Is the dynamic bulk modulus; g is the dynamic shear modulus; ρ is the density of the rock.
In one example of this embodiment, basic physical parameters of sandstone freeze- thaw 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 rock samples are obtained, and the following table shows the density, longitudinal wave velocity, and transverse wave velocity at different freeze-thaw times with sandstone samples to obtain acoustic response parameters according to equations (4) - (6).
(8) Because the values of the parameters have larger difference, in order to prevent big data distortion and small data from being covered, a plurality of students adopt a range standard mathematical processing means to normalize logging parameters. The normalized formula for the parameters is:
wherein ,
values normalized for parameters are dimensionless; s is S i Is a parameter value; s is S max Is the maximum value of the parameter; s is S min Is the minimum value of the parameter.
The minimum value of the rock parameter under the freeze thawing action is required to be obtained by adopting a freeze thawing test, a great amount of time is consumed, and the maximum freeze thawing times have no unified standard. When the number of freeze thawing times of the rock is enough, the elastic modulus, the shear modulus and the bulk modulus are approximately 0, the above formula becomes
(9) In general, the higher the dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic bulk modulus, and dynamic shear modulus, the higher the brittleness of the rock. On the premise that the influence of each parameter on the rock brittleness is the same, the influence of the 3 acoustic response parameters is comprehensively considered, and then the rock brittleness index expression is given
wherein ,
the values are normalized by the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic bulk modulus, respectively, and are dimensionless.
Further, substitution of the above formulas (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) into (7) can be expressed as an expression with only the number of freeze thawing as a variable, so that the brittleness degree after different numbers of freeze thawing can be predicted for the same kind of rock sample.
Wherein f, g respectively represent expressions by which BI can be expressed as related parameters. The greater the BI, the greater the brittleness of the rock.
The applicant has stated that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples as a detailed method of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the above detailed method, i.e. it is not meant that the invention must be practiced in dependence upon the above detailed method. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent transformation of the raw materials and addition of auxiliary components, specific conditions and mode selection, etc. fall within the scope of the present invention and the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. The method for evaluating the brittleness degree of the frozen and thawed rock based on the ultrasonic test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step1, preparing a standard rock sample and drying to obtain the volume, the mass and the wave velocity of the rock sample in a dry state when the rock sample is not frozen and thawed;
step2, carrying out saturation and freeze thawing cycle treatment on the rock sample;
step3, drying after every freeze thawing for a certain number of times to obtain the volume, the mass and the wave velocity of the rock sample in a dried state after freeze thawing;
step4, repeating the steps Step2 and Step3 until the specific freeze-thawing cycle times are reached;
step5, calculating the density of the rock sample according to the volume and the mass of the rock sample when the rock sample is frozen and thawed for a corresponding time;
step6, carrying out regression analysis according to the density, the wave speed of the longitudinal wave and the wave speed of the transverse wave of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times and the freeze thawing times respectively to obtain fitting relations of the density, the wave speed of the longitudinal wave and the wave speed of the transverse wave of the rock sample and the freeze thawing times respectively;
step7, obtaining the dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus and dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample by using the wave speeds of the density, the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave, and carrying out normalization treatment by adopting a very poor normalization mathematical treatment means according to the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times;
step8, obtaining the brittleness index of the rock sample at different freeze thawing times, and finishing to obtain the brittleness index expression form taking the freeze thawing times as variables.
2. The method for evaluating the brittleness degree after freeze thawing of rock based on ultrasonic testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein the drying process in Step1 and Step3 is as follows: and placing the rock sample into a high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box, and setting the drying temperature to 105 ℃ for 24 hours.
3. The method for evaluating the degree of brittleness after freeze thawing of rock based on ultrasonic testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein saturating the rock sample in Step2 comprises: the rock sample was placed in a vacuum cylinder, distilled water was added until the water surface was clear of the rock sample, the vacuum pump was pumped down to a pressure of-0.1 mpa6 hours, and then immersed in distilled water for 18 hours.
4. A method for evaluating the degree of post-freeze thawing brittleness of a rock based on ultrasonic testing as set forth in claim 3, wherein said freeze thawing of said rock sample in Step2 comprises: placing a rock sample into a high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box, setting the freezing temperature to be minus 30 ℃ and the time to be 4 hours; the melting temperature is 30 ℃ and the time is 4 hours; setting the temperature rise and fall time of the high-low temperature alternating damp-heat test box to be 0.5 hour; the single freeze-thaw cycle time amounted to 9 hours.
5. The method for evaluating the degree of brittleness after freeze thawing of rock based on ultrasonic testing as set forth in claim 1, wherein each time 3 times of freeze thawing in Step3 is baked, the number of freeze thawing cycles finally reached in Step4 is 24 times.
6. The method for evaluating the degree of brittleness after freeze thawing of rock based on ultrasonic testing according to claim 1, wherein in Step6, fitting relations of the density of the rock sample, wave speeds of longitudinal waves and transverse waves and freeze thawing coefficients are respectively:
ρ＝2.21-0.0014n
v＝1554.44+1131.72e -n8 .90
p
v s ＝1678.59-25.05n
wherein ρ represents the density of the rock sample at different freeze-thawing times, n represents the freeze-thawing times, v p Representing the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock sample; v s Representing the shear wave velocity of the rock sample.
7. The method for evaluating the degree of brittleness after freeze thawing of a rock based on an ultrasonic test as set forth in claim 6, wherein in Step7, the calculation formulas of the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic shear modulus and the dynamic bulk modulus of the rock sample are respectively:
wherein ,Ed Is the dynamic elastic modulus; k (K) bd Is the dynamic bulk modulus; g is the dynamic shear modulus; ρ is the density of the rock.
8. The method for evaluating the degree of brittleness after freeze thawing of rock based on ultrasonic testing as set forth in claim 7, wherein the rock brittleness index expression is:
wherein ,
the values are normalized by dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus and dynamic bulk modulus, and are dimensionless; f. g represents the expression that BI can be expressed as a related parameter, ρ represents the density of the rock sample, v p Representing the longitudinal wave velocity, v, of a rock sample s The shear wave velocity of the rock sample is shown, and n represents the number of freeze thawing. />
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