CN116095823A - Wave beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning - Google Patents
Wave beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning Download PDFInfo
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- CN116095823A CN116095823A CN202211587992.3A CN202211587992A CN116095823A CN 116095823 A CN116095823 A CN 116095823A CN 202211587992 A CN202211587992 A CN 202211587992A CN 116095823 A CN116095823 A CN 116095823A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/023—Services making use of location information using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention relates to a beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning, which comprises the following steps: the base station establishes communication with the user, and realizes the communication function based on the mature wireless communication system, and simultaneously enables the system to obtain real-time channel state information. While the base station estimates the user position according to the channel state information, the uplink and downlink beam forming schemes under the current condition can be designed according to the channel state at the same time, and higher system throughput and positioning accuracy are realized in the next round of transmission. The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can realize two functions of positioning and communication in a unified frequency band, and improves the real-time positioning precision and communication rate by continuously iterating and optimizing the working mode so as to meet the system requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless millimeter wave communication, in particular to a beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning.
Background
With the development of intelligent navigation and automatic driving technologies, vehicle positioning technologies are becoming more and more critical. For intelligent navigation systems for vehicles, reasonable path planning requires both accurate measurement of the vehicle's own location and continuous communication with a remote central "turret" system to obtain real-time traffic information. At present, the positioning of a vehicle is usually realized through satellite positioning, the positioning precision is about 5m, and the requirement of automatic driving cannot be met.
In addition, the existing vehicle positioning scheme requires two sets of hardware equipment of a communication system and a positioning system, and the hardware cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning.
In communication systems that utilize channel state information positioning, conventional beamforming schemes may tend to distribute signal power to multiple paths to increase channel capacity, while positioning requires maximization of power over the line-of-sight path. Aiming at the problem, the invention provides a combined communication and positioning beam forming method under millimeter waves, which can dynamically form beams on the premise of meeting the requirements of communication and positioning at the same time to obtain more accurate positioning estimation.
In a first aspect, a method for beamforming for joint communication and positioning in a millimeter wave band is provided, including:
step 1, a base station is provided with multiple antennas, a user is provided with a single antenna, and the user sends pilot frequency data to the base station; the base station receives the pilot frequency data, completes channel estimation, obtains current channel state information, utilizes a parameter estimation method to estimate the transmitting angle, receiving angle and time delay information of the uplink line-of-sight path signal, and calculates the position information of the user according to the fixed position of the base station at the moment;
and 5, the user adjusts the working state of the user according to the beam forming scheme, starts transmission of the next period and returns to the step 1.
Preferably, in step 1, the parameter estimation method includes a multi-signal classification algorithm and a signal parameter estimation algorithm based on a rotation invariant technique.
Preferably, in step 2, the base station optimizes the beamforming scheme according to the communication performance requirement and the positioning performance requirement.
Preferably, in step 4, the weighting according to the calculation result of the base station and the calculation result of the user to obtain the position estimate of the integrated uplink and downlink information includes: and averaging the uplink estimated position and the downlink estimated position, or carrying out weighted average according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal and the downlink signal.
Preferably, in step 4, the obtaining the channel state information at this time includes: the signal from the base station is channel estimated to acquire channel state information, or the channel state information in step 1 is taken as the channel state information at this time.
In a second aspect, a beamforming system for performing millimeter wave band joint communication and positioning according to the first aspect is provided, including: the base station is provided with multiple antennas, the user is provided with a single antenna, and the base station is in communication connection with the user.
In a third aspect, a computer storage medium having a computer program stored therein is provided; the computer program when running on a computer causes the computer to execute the beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning according to the first aspect.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can realize two functions of positioning and communication in a unified frequency band, and improves the real-time positioning precision and communication rate to meet the system requirement by continuously iterating and optimizing the working mode; the working mode of the system for real-time iteration can realize continuous high-precision tracking of the user position; the invention can complete the calculation of the optimal working mode in a short time by a rapid algorithm of beam forming design, and based on the result, the system can save a large amount of calculation resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario system architecture to which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the user and base station system operation employed in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the positioning accuracy of a mobile user versus a fixed user in a simulation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following examples are presented only to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Example 1:
a millimeter wave band joint communication and positioning beam forming system, comprising: the base station is provided with multiple antennas, the user is provided with a single antenna, and the base station is in communication connection with the user.
Illustratively, the user is equipped with multiple antennas, such as 16 millimeter wave antennas, while being able to adjust its own state in real time according to the operation mode returned by the base station.
The base station is provided with a large number of antennas, such as 64 millimeter wave antennas, can realize wireless communication with the user terminal, can realize a channel estimation function, and can freely read real-time channel information. In addition, the base station is provided with a positioning parameter estimation algorithm, the time delay, the transmitting angle and the receiving angle of the signal can be calculated from the channel information, the exact position of the base station is stored, and the coordinates of the user can be calculated through the geometric relative position. Finally, the system can transmit the calculated working mode back to the user terminal according to the algorithm of the invention, and adjust the working mode of the system to wait for the transmission of the next period.
Both the base station and the user are equipped with multiple antennas for communication and perception. The communication between the user and the base station adopts a Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode, under a multipath model, the system can extract the transmitting angle and the receiving angle of each path from channel state information by adopting algorithms such as MUSIC, capon and the like, calculate the delay of signals on each path by a matched filtering method, and then obtain the relative coordinates of the user and the base station by geometric operation.
Example 2:
in the communication process, the user needs to estimate instantaneous channel state information (Channel State Information, CSI), and the channel state information contains information of part of the physical space, so that the user can be positioned by using the channel state information. The Time delay (TOA), angle of Arrival (Angle of Arrival), and transmission Angle (Angle of Departure) of signals between the user and the base station can be extracted from the channel state information, and the position of the user can be calculated through a triangular relationship. The method can integrate the positioning process into the communication process, and can be completed by only one set of antenna equipment.
The invention provides a beam forming method combining communication and positioning under millimeter wave frequency band, which can extract the relative position relation between a user and a base station from channel state information, and meanwhile, the positioning result can reversely guide the beam forming of the user, and the positioning precision is maximized on the premise of meeting the communication requirement. The method integrates the positioning part into the communication part, so that positioning equipment is not required to be deployed, and the hardware cost can be greatly saved.
Specifically, a beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning, as shown in fig. 2, includes:
step 1, a base station is provided with multiple antennas, a user is provided with a single antenna, and the user sends pilot frequency data to the base station; the base station receives the pilot frequency data, completes channel estimation, obtains the current channel state information, and utilizes the parameter estimation method to estimate the emission angle of the uplink line-of-sight path signal
Reception angle theta 1 Time delay τ 1 And calculating the position information of the user according to the fixed position of the base station at the moment.
Before step 1, the user establishes a communication connection with the base station so that the user can transmit pilot data to the base station. For example, the pilot data transmitted by the user to the base station is a first period signal.
In step 1, the parameter estimation method includes a multi-signal classification algorithm and a signal parameter estimation algorithm based on a rotation invariant technique.
In step 1, the base station locally stores its own spatial position information, and, assuming that the coordinates of the position are (X, Y), the base station receiving antenna orientation is the Y-axis positive direction, the coordinates of the user can be calculated as (x+c) 0 τ 1 sinθ 1 ，Y+c 0 τ 1 cosθ 1 )。
And step 2, the base station determines an optimal beam forming scheme under the current condition according to the channel state information, the receiving angle and the transmitting angle of the uplink line-of-sight path signal at the moment.
In step 2, the base station designs an optimal beam forming scheme to meet the user communication requirement and maximize the positioning accuracy (including the beam forming of the next period uplink and downlink communication and the structure of the transmission frame)
In step 2, the base station optimizes the beamforming scheme according to the communication performance requirement and the positioning performance requirement, and aims to simultaneously meet the communication and positioning requirements.
And step 3, the base station transmits the beam forming scheme and the data required to be transmitted back to the user in a downlink period, and the base station adjusts the working state of the base station according to the beam forming scheme so as to prepare for receiving the signal transmitted by the user in the next period.
For example, the user receives the spatial position coordinates (X, Y) of the base station, and the coordinates of the user can be calculated as
In step 4, considering that the uplink process and the downlink process are estimated twice, the final position estimation is obtained through weighted fusion, and one weighting method is to average the uplink estimated position and the downlink estimated position or to perform weighted average according to the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal and the downlink signal.
In step 4, in view of reciprocity between uplink and downlink, channel information estimated by using uplink can be directly used for downlink, at this time, uplink and downlink combined algorithm can be degraded into uplink only or downlink positioning only algorithm, and the base station needs to design a corresponding optimization scheme of beam forming. Therefore, in step 4, the manner of acquiring the channel state information at this time is various, for example: the signal from the base station is channel estimated to acquire channel state information, or the channel state information in step 1 is taken as the channel state information at this time.
And 5, the user adjusts the working state of the user according to the beam forming scheme, starts transmission of the next period and returns to the step 1.
Example 3:
a wave beam forming method for millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning estimates the position of a user through channel state information and adjusts a wave beam forming scheme, wherein the system architecture of an application scene is shown by referring to figure 1, and the flow of the method is shown in figure 2. Comprising the following steps:
step 1:
referring to fig. 1, based on a common road model, the road model includes a base station deployed at the road side, the center frequency fc=28 GHz, and the number of carrier frequencies nc=10 that a single user can equip. Assuming that the base station is equipped with 64 antennas, the user is equipped with 16 antennas, and the time division duplex period is 10us. In communication, a signal transmitted by a user may reach a destination base station through multiple paths, and a signal received by the base station may be expressed as:
wherein θ is i ,i＝0,1,...,L 2 -1 is the incident angle of the uplink signal, and the corresponding path gain is beta i ,i＝0,1,...,L 2 -1，
Is a steering vector. And (V) Rx Is the receive antenna spacing after normalization to the signal wavelength. Similarly, let go of>
Is a vector, delta Tx Is the transmit antenna spacing after normalization to the signal wavelength. F is the upstream beam shaping matrix, N is Gaussian noise, Y is received signal, S is transmitted signal, τ i ,i＝0,1,...,L 2 -1 is the path delay of the upstream signal.
The signal strength attenuation of each path is derived from the formula, here the corner labels i for the different paths are omitted:
β＝α+10γlog 10 (d)+ξ[dB]
where ζ is the variance σ 2 A gaussian random variable with a mean value of 0. For the line-of-sight path, the invention takes α=61.4, γ=2, σ=5.8; for non-line-of-sight paths, the invention takes α=72.0, γ=2.92, σ=8.7. In a practical scenario, there may be a large number of non-line-of-sight paths, in order to simplify the model, the present invention only selects the non-line-of-sight path generated by a single reflection, and multiple reflections will generally cause the signal of the path to decay rapidly, while the signal obtained by the receiver from the line-of-sight path and the single-reflection non-line-of-sight path includes that the receiver can receive more than 90% of the power of all signals.
The actual position deployment of the user and the base station is shown in figure 1, the power of the antenna end of the user transmitting signal is 15dbm, the transmitting power of the base station is 65dbm, and the environmental background noise is 170dbm. The base station is taken as an origin, the transverse direction is taken as an x axis, and the longitudinal direction is taken as a y axis. The initial position of the user is 500m away from the base station, and the specific coordinates are (-400, 300). Under the robustness test of the moving scene, the user will move in the positive x-axis direction at different initial speeds, except that we assume that the user is at the initial position and is unchanged.
When the user transmits uplink data to the base station, the user is simultaneously transmitted with own communication rate requirement C min 。
Step 2:
after receiving the uplink signal of the user, the base station estimates the uplink channel state information matrix H, and calculates the path with the maximum power, namely the line-of-sight path, through a MUSIC (Multi-Signal Classification) algorithm, and the receiving angle, the transmitting angle and the time delay of the path are converted into corresponding user relative positions. Then, the eigenvalue decomposition is carried out on the autocorrelation matrix of the channel state information matrix to obtain H H H＝U H Λu, wherein eigenvalue matrix Λ is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements diag (Λ) = [ Λ ] 1 ,Λ 2 ,...,Λ n ]N subchannels are marked, n being the number of receive antennas. The base station designs a beamforming matrix f=u according to this H Λ F ，Λ F Also a diagonal array, the values of the diagonal elements represent the power allocated on the subchannels by beamforming. In order to ensure the channel capacity and minimize the positioning error, the system maximizes Λ on the premise of meeting the communication requirement F Based on which a near optimal beamforming matrix can be obtained.
Step 3:
the base station transmits the user position estimation obtained in the step 2 to the user, and the user end repeats the position estimation part in the step 2 to calculate the position estimation based on the downlink channel state information. And obtaining the credibility of the uplink channel and the downlink channel according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink channel and the downlink channel, and obtaining the user position estimation of uplink and downlink fusion based on the weighting.
Step 4:
consider two cases where the user is stationary and the user is approaching the base station at a speed of 30 meters per second, the difference in positioning performance is as shown in fig. 3. The performance of the two is similar, so that the system can complete the function of user tracking.
Claims (7)
1. The wave beam forming method for the millimeter wave frequency band joint communication and positioning is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, a base station is provided with multiple antennas, a user is provided with a single antenna, and the user sends pilot frequency data to the base station; the base station receives the pilot frequency data, completes channel estimation, obtains current channel state information, utilizes a parameter estimation method to estimate the transmitting angle, receiving angle and time delay information of the uplink line-of-sight path signal, and calculates the position information of the user according to the fixed position of the base station at the moment;
step 2, the base station determines an optimal beam forming scheme under the current condition according to the channel state information, the receiving angle and the transmitting angle of the uplink line-of-sight path signal at the moment;
step 3, the base station sends the beam forming scheme to the user in the downlink period, and the base station adjusts the working state of the base station according to the beam forming scheme so as to prepare to receive signals transmitted by the user in the next period;
step 4, the user receives the signal from the base station, acquires the channel state information at the moment, estimates the receiving angle, the transmitting angle and the time delay of the downlink line-of-sight path signal, calculates the relative position relation between the user and the base station, and weights the calculated result of the base station and the calculated result of the user to obtain the position estimation of the integrated uplink and downlink information;
and 5, the user adjusts the working state of the user according to the beam forming scheme, starts transmission of the next period and returns to the step 1.
2. The beam forming method for millimeter wave band joint communication and positioning according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the parameter estimation method comprises a multi-signal classification algorithm and a signal parameter estimation algorithm based on a rotation invariant technique.
3. The method for beam forming by combining millimeter wave frequency band communication and positioning according to claim 2, wherein in step 2, the base station optimizes the beam forming scheme according to the communication performance requirement and the positioning performance requirement.
4. The method for beam forming for joint communication and positioning in millimeter wave band according to claim 3, wherein in step 4, the step of obtaining the position estimate of the integrated uplink and downlink information by weighting according to the calculation result of the base station and the calculation result of the user includes: and averaging the uplink estimated position and the downlink estimated position, or carrying out weighted average according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the uplink signal and the downlink signal.
5. The method for beamforming for joint communication and positioning in millimeter wave band according to claim 4, wherein in step 4, said obtaining the channel state information at that time comprises: the signal from the base station is channel estimated to acquire channel state information, or the channel state information in step 1 is taken as the channel state information at this time.
6. A beamforming system for millimeter wave band joint communication and positioning, characterized by being configured to perform the beamforming method for millimeter wave band joint communication and positioning of claim 1, comprising: the base station is provided with multiple antennas, the user is provided with a single antenna, and the base station is in communication connection with the user.
7. A computer storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer storage medium; the computer program, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of beam forming for millimeter wave band joint communication and positioning of claim 1.
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| WO2024139496A1 (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-04 | 浙大城市学院 | Pilot frequency distribution method for joint communication and positioning based on millimeter wave band |
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| WO2024139496A1 (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-04 | 浙大城市学院 | Pilot frequency distribution method for joint communication and positioning based on millimeter wave band |
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