CN116093330A - Preparation method of low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry - Google Patents

Preparation method of low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry Download PDF

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CN116093330A
CN116093330A CN202310249789.3A CN202310249789A CN116093330A CN 116093330 A CN116093330 A CN 116093330A CN 202310249789 A CN202310249789 A CN 202310249789A CN 116093330 A CN116093330 A CN 116093330A
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lithium ion
ion battery
positive electrode
conductive paste
slurry
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何梦娇
汪勇
杨允杰
沈列哈
高建疆
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Huading Guolian Sichuan Battery Material Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/16Preparation
    • C01B32/162Preparation characterised by catalysts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/168After-treatment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery anode slurry, which is characterized in that carbon nano tube conductive slurry is added into the lithium ion battery anode slurry. Firstly, uniformly dissolving a corresponding amount of binder in a solvent to form stable and uniform positive electrode glue solution; adding carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and a conductive agent into the glue solution, and stirring to uniformly disperse the carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and the conductive agent; and adding the ternary positive electrode material nickel cobalt lithium manganate into the slurry twice, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the viscosity and the solid content by adjusting the addition amount of the solvent to finally obtain the positive electrode slurry of the lithium ion battery. The preparation method of the carbon nano tube conductive paste comprises the following steps: the carbon nano tube with lower tube diameter and higher specific surface area is obtained by regulating and controlling the proportion of Fe, co and Ni in the carbon nano tube catalyst, so that the fineness of the conductive paste is reduced and the uniformity of the conductive paste is improved; the obtained carbon nanotube conductive paste is beneficial to reducing the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery and improving the low-temperature rate discharge performance and the long-cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.

Description

Preparation method of low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery manufacturing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery anode slurry.
Background
There is a need to develop clean and efficient new energy to solve the problems of resource shortage, environmental pollution and the like caused by the traditional fossil energy. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, environmental friendliness, high chemical stability and the like, is applied to the fields of digital cameras, notebook computers, power automobiles and the like, and has wide application prospect.
However, since the low temperature performance, cycle performance and endurance of the lithium ion battery are to be improved, the large-scale application thereof is limited. Currently, lithium ion batteries are mainly classified into polymer lithium ion batteries, ferric phosphate lithium batteries and ternary lithium ion batteries.
The polymer lithium ion battery in the prior art adopts solid electrolyte, and has small self-discharge and excellent safety performance; but the working voltage platform of the polymer lithium ion battery is lower, and the endurance mileage of the polymer lithium ion battery is greatly limited. In the second prior art, lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode material, and noble metals such as cobalt and the like are not contained, so that the cost is low and the long-cycle performance is excellent; however, the disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries, such as poor discharge capability at low temperatures, have greatly limited their use. The third in the prior art is a ternary lithium ion battery, and the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery adopting the nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary positive electrode material has the advantages of high energy density, high voltage platform, long endurance, good low-temperature performance and the like, and gradually occupies a larger market share of the lithium ion battery. The ternary positive electrode material is a ternary composite positive electrode material precursor product, and takes nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt as raw materials, wherein the proportion of nickel, cobalt and manganese can be adjusted according to actual needs. The prepared lithium ion battery with low internal resistance has important significance for further improving the low-temperature rate performance, long cycle performance and safety performance of the lithium ion battery, and is mainly influenced by the carbon nanotube conductive paste in the positive electrode paste. In combination with the analysis, the invention provides a preparation method for preparing lithium ion positive electrode slurry with low internal resistance based on a ternary lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention relates to a preparation method of a low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery anode slurry, which is prepared from specific carbon nanotube conductive slurry, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of low internal resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry is characterized in that the positive electrode slurry of a lithium ion battery comprises 0.3-5wt% of carbon nanotube conductive slurry.
Further, the mass ratio range of the added substances in the lithium ion battery anode slurry is as follows: ternary positive electrode material nickel cobalt lithium manganate: 80-98 wt%; and (2) a binder: 0.5 to 4 weight percent; conductive agent: 0.4 to 2 weight percent; carbon nanotube conductive paste: 0.3 to 5 weight percent; the balance being solvent.
Preferably, the solid content in the positive electrode slurry is 50-78 wt%, which adopts N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent; the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF; the conductive agent is one or two of conductive graphite and conductive carbon black.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery anode slurry comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly dissolving a corresponding amount of binder in a solvent to form stable and uniform positive electrode glue solution; adding carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and a conductive agent into the glue solution, and stirring to uniformly disperse the carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and the conductive agent; and adding the nickel cobalt lithium manganate into the slurry twice, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the viscosity and the solid content by adjusting the addition amount of the solvent to finally obtain the lithium ion battery anode slurry.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery anode slurry with low internal resistance comprises the steps that the carbon nano tube is prepared by chemical vapor deposition; the pipe diameter of the carbon nano-tube conductive paste is 4-80 nm, the length-diameter ratio is 100-10000, and the specific surface area is 10-400 m 2 /g。
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery anode slurry with low internal resistance comprises the following steps of preparing the carbon nanotube conductive slurry.
A preparation method of carbon nanotube conductive paste comprises the following steps:
first, the catalyst (Fe x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) Placing the mixture in a quartz reaction tube, introducing a carbon source, and calcining in a reaction atmosphere; washing and filtering the obtained powder after sintering to obtain the carbon nano tube; catalyst (Fe) x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) Wherein x+y+z=1, where y is equal to or less than or equal to x is equal to or less than or equal to 40y, and 10z is equal to or less than or equal to (x+y) is equal to or less than or equal to 25z. And then uniformly dispersing the carbon nano tube and the dispersing agent in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent to obtain the carbon nano tube conductive paste.
As described above, a method for preparing a carbon nanotube conductive paste, a catalyst (Fe x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) In the formula, x+y+z=1, and the preferable range is that x is more than 10y and less than or equal to 20y, and x+y is more than or equal to 10z and less than or equal to 25z.
In the above method for preparing a carbon nanotube conductive paste, preferably, the dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone; preferably, the mass percentage of the carbon nano tube, the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the N-methyl pyrrolidone is 4-5:0.6-1.2:90-100, more preferably 4.2:0.8:95.
wherein the carbon source is hydrocarbon such as ethylene or acetylene; the reaction atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen; calcining at 300-1200 deg.c for 0.5-6 hr; after sintering, the obtained powder is washed by concentrated nitric acid.
For example, the preparation steps of the positive electrode slurry of the lithium ion battery can be as follows: firstly, uniformly dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF in N-methyl pyrrolidone NMP to form stable and uniform positive electrode glue solution; adding carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and a conductive agent into the glue solution, and stirring to uniformly disperse the carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and the conductive agent; and adding nickel cobalt lithium manganate into the slurry twice, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the viscosity and the solid content by adjusting the addition amount of NMP to finally obtain the lithium ion battery anode slurry.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention provides a preparation method of carbon nanotubes, which is used for obtaining carbon nanotubes with low tube diameter and large specific surface area.
2) The invention provides a preparation method of a low internal resistance lithium ion battery anode slurry, which promotes the formation of a three-dimensional conductive network in the lithium ion battery anode slurry and widens a lithium ion transmission channel by adding carbon nano tube conductive slurry with low pipe diameter, large length-diameter ratio and large specific surface area into the anode slurry; meanwhile, the large specific surface area provides a larger contact area, so that the transmission efficiency of lithium ions can be obviously enhanced, the membrane resistance of the positive pole piece of the lithium ion battery and the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery are reduced, and the low-temperature rate performance and the long-cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are further improved.
3) According to the invention, the nickel cobalt lithium manganate is added in two steps, so that the uniform dispersion of the main material and the auxiliary material in the positive electrode slurry is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the fineness of the conductive paste for carbon nanotubes according to examples 1-3;
fig. 2 shows the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery according to examples 1-3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the capacity retention ratio comparison of the low temperature (10deg.C) rate discharge (1C) of the lithium ion battery of examples 1-3;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the normal temperature cycle performance of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 2 corresponding to a lithium ion battery.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, which should not be considered as limiting the invention in any way, but rather as describing in more detail certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
Step (1): the catalyst (Fe) x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) Placed in a quartz reaction tube, wherein y is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 40y,10z is less than or equal to (x+y) is less than or equal to 25z, and x+y+z=1.
Step (2): introducing a carbon source (ethylene or acetylene) into the reactor in the step (1), calcining for 2 hours at 980 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature along with a furnace.
Step (3): the reaction atmosphere in the step (2) is a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein H 2 :N 2 =1:1。
Step (4): and (3) washing the solid powder obtained by calcining in the step (2) by adopting concentrated nitric acid, and filtering to obtain the carbon nano tube.
Step (5): uniformly dispersing the carbon nano tube and the dispersing agent polyvinylpyrrolidone obtained in the step (4) in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent to obtain carbon nano tube conductive paste, wherein the mass percentage of the carbon nano tube, the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the N-methyl pyrrolidone is 4.2:0.8:95.
step (6): adding the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in the step (5) into a glue solution prepared from N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and uniformly stirring. In the glue solution, the mass ratio of PVDF to NMP is 4%:96%; in the slurry, the mass ratio of the glue solution to the carbon nanotube conductive slurry is 41:1.
step (7): adding a conductive agent into the step (6), and uniformly stirring; the addition quality of the conductive agent is the same as that of the carbon nano tube conductive paste.
Step (8): and (3) adding nickel cobalt lithium manganate into the step (7), wherein the adding amount of the nickel cobalt lithium manganate is 121 times of that of the carbon nanotube conductive paste. The nickel cobalt lithium manganate is added twice, the adding amount of each time is half of the total adding amount, and meanwhile, the viscosity and the solid content of the slurry are regulated, so that the lithium ion battery anode slurry with good uniformity and stability is obtained.
The carbon nanotubes obtained in example 1 had a tube diameter of 15nm and a specific surface area of 210m 2 /g。
The fineness of the conductive paste corresponding to the carbon nanotubes obtained in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and the fineness is about 20 μm;
the internal resistance of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 1 corresponding to the lithium ion battery is about 1.6mΩ as shown in fig. 2;
the capacity retention rate of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 1 corresponding to low-temperature (10 ℃) rate discharge (1C) of the lithium ion battery is 86% as shown in FIG. 3.
Example 2
The specific reaction steps are the same as in example 1, except that the catalyst (Fe x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) X is more than 10y and less than or equal to 20y, x+y is more than or equal to 10z and less than or equal to 25z, and x+y+z=1.
The carbon nanotubes obtained in example 2 had a tube diameter of 6nm and a specific surface area of 400m 2 /g。
The fineness of the conductive paste corresponding to the carbon nanotubes obtained in example 2 is shown in fig. 1, and the fineness is about 16 μm;
the internal resistance of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 2 corresponding to the lithium ion battery is about 1.1mΩ as shown in fig. 2;
the capacity retention rate of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 2 corresponding to low-temperature (10 ℃) rate discharge (1C) of the lithium ion battery is 95% as shown in FIG. 3.
The normal temperature cycle performance of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 2 corresponding to the lithium ion battery is shown in fig. 4, and the retention rate is 84.4% after normal temperature cycle 1720 weeks.
Example 3
The specific reaction steps are the same as in example 1, except that the catalyst (Fe x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) X is more than 20 and less than or equal to 40y,10z is less than or equal to (x+y) and less than or equal to 25z, and x+y+z=1.
The carbon nanotubes obtained in example 3 had a tube diameter of 30nm and a specific surface area of 50m 2 And/g. The increase of Fe content in the catalyst can increase the diameter of the carbon nano tube, thereby reducing the specific surface area of the carbon nano tube, being unfavorable for the contact of the carbon nano tube and active components in the lithium ion battery and the formation of a three-dimensional conductive network, and being unfavorable for the improvement of the low-temperature rate performance and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
The fineness of the conductive paste corresponding to the carbon nanotubes obtained in example 3 is shown in fig. 1, and the fineness is about 30 μm;
the internal resistance of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 3 corresponding to the lithium ion battery is about 2.0mΩ as shown in fig. 2;
the capacity retention rate of the carbon nanotube conductive paste obtained in example 3 corresponding to low-temperature (10 ℃) rate discharge (1C) of lithium ion batteries is 79% as shown in FIG. 3.
From the performance data of the above examples, it can be seen that the present invention is carried out by adjusting the catalyst (Fe x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) The element contents of Fe, co and Ni regulate and control the pipe diameter, length-diameter ratio and specific surface area of the carbon nano-tube, and the obtained carbon nano-tube is configured into carbon nano-tube conductive slurry.
The carbon nanotubes obtained in example 1 had a tube diameter of 15nm and a specific surface area of 210m 2 /g; the carbon nanotubes prepared in example 2 have a diameter of only 6nm and a specific surface area of 400m 2 And/g, such carbon nano-particles, although more advantageous for forming a conductive network, enhance the conductivity of the electrode material; the fineness of the conductive paste obtained in example 2 was also smaller than 16 μm, which is advantageous for better coating of the paste on the positive aluminum foil. The carbon nanotubes obtained in example 3 had a tube diameter of 30nm and a specific surface area of 50m 2 And/g. While the internal resistances of the lithium ion batteries corresponding to example 1 were 1.6mΩ and 2.0mΩ, the lithium ion battery prepared in example 2 had a minimum internal resistance of 1.1mΩ, which is more advantageous for enhancing the lithium ion transmission efficiency, and the capacity retention rate at low-temperature (10 ℃) rate discharge (1C) was 95%, which is higher than that of example 3.
Example 3 is less effective than examples 1 and 2. The reason is that the prepared carbon nanotubes are different with different proportions of Fe, co and Ni in the catalyst. The catalyst in example 3 has high Fe content, and the prepared carbon nano tube has large tube diameter and small specific surface area; the Fe in the catalyst is increased to a certain content, and the pipe diameter of the prepared carbon nano-tube is increased, so that the specific surface area of the prepared carbon nano-tube is reduced, the contact between the carbon nano-tube and an active ingredient in a lithium ion battery and the formation of a three-dimensional conductive network are not facilitated, and the low-temperature rate performance and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are not facilitated. In the embodiments 1 and 2, the proportion of Fe, co and Ni in the catalyst is better, and the three exert synergistic effect, so that the prepared carbon nano tube has smaller tube diameter and higher specific surface area, and a conductive network structure is formed in the positive electrode slurry, thereby being more beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery.
Therefore, the carbon nano tube conductive paste with low tube diameter, large length-diameter ratio and large specific surface area, which is obtained by the invention, promotes the formation of a three-dimensional conductive network in the lithium ion battery anode paste, and widens the transmission channel of lithium ions; meanwhile, the large specific surface area provides a larger contact area, so that the transmission efficiency of lithium ions can be obviously enhanced, the membrane resistance of the positive pole piece of the lithium ion battery and the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery are reduced, the low-temperature rate performance and the long-cycle performance of the lithium ion battery are further improved, and particularly, the performance of the embodiment 2 can be seen.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The preparation method of the lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry with low internal resistance is characterized in that the lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry comprises 0.3-5wt% of carbon nanotube conductive slurry.
2. The method for preparing the low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry comprises the following components: ternary positive electrode material nickel cobalt lithium manganate: 80-98 wt%; and (2) a binder: 0.5 to 4 weight percent; conductive agent: 0.4 to 2 weight percent; carbon nanotube conductive paste: 0.3 to 5 weight percent; the balance being solvent.
3. The method for preparing a low internal resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry according to claim 2, wherein the solid content of the positive electrode slurry is preferably 50-78 wt%, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is used as a solvent; the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF; the conductive agent is one or two of conductive graphite and conductive carbon black.
4. A method for preparing a low internal resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry according to any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the preparation steps of the lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry are as follows: firstly, uniformly dissolving a corresponding amount of binder in a solvent to form stable and uniform positive electrode glue solution; adding carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and a conductive agent into the glue solution, and stirring to uniformly disperse the carbon nanotube conductive paste CNT and the conductive agent; and adding the nickel cobalt lithium manganate into the slurry twice, uniformly stirring, and adjusting the viscosity and the solid content by adjusting the addition amount of the solvent to finally obtain the lithium ion battery anode slurry.
5. The preparation method of the carbon nanotube conductive paste is characterized by comprising the following steps of: first, the catalyst (Fe x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) Placing the mixture in a quartz reaction tube, introducing a carbon source, and calcining in a reaction atmosphere; washing and filtering the obtained powder after sintering to obtain the carbon nano tube; catalyst (Fe) x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) Wherein x+y+z=1, wherein y is equal to or less than or equal to x is equal to or less than or equal to 40y, and 10z is equal to or less than or equal to (x+y) is equal to or less than or equal to 25z; and then uniformly dispersing the carbon nano tube and the dispersing agent in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent to obtain the carbon nano tube conductive paste.
6. The method of preparing a carbon nanotube conductive paste according to claim 5, wherein the catalyst (Fe x Co y Ni z (OH) 3x+2y+2z ) Wherein x+y+z=1, where 10y < x.ltoreq.20y, 10 z.ltoreq.x+y.ltoreq.25z.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the dispersant is polyvinylpyrrolidone; preferably, the mass percentage of the carbon nano tube, the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the N-methyl pyrrolidone is 4-5:0.6-1.2:90-100, more preferably 4.2:0.8:95.
8. the method of claim 5, wherein the carbon source is hydrocarbon and the reaction atmosphere is a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen; after sintering, the obtained powder is washed by concentrated nitric acid.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the calcination is performed at 300-1200 ℃ for 0.5-6 hours.
10. The method for preparing a low internal resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carbon nanotube conductive slurry is obtained by the method for preparing claims 5 to 9.
CN202310249789.3A 2023-03-15 2023-03-15 Preparation method of low-internal-resistance lithium ion battery positive electrode slurry Pending CN116093330A (en)

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