CN116091944A - Aquatic ecology investigation method for aquatic vegetation coverage - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water ecology investigation method of aquatic vegetation coverage, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring images of submerged plants and non-submerged plants in an aquatic ecological system, and acquiring the coverage of aquatic vegetation based on the images; s2, acquiring water quality index data of a water sample in the water ecological system; s3, acquiring biological index data of various organisms in the water ecological system; s4, generating a water ecology investigation result according to the coverage degree of the aquatic vegetation, the water quality index data and the biological index data. According to the invention, the investigation record is carried out on the submerged plants, the non-submerged plants, the water quality index data and the biological index data of the aquatic ecology system, so that the investigation report is more accurately filled, and investigation personnel can evaluate the aquatic ecology condition according to the coverage of the aquatic vegetation, and the aquatic ecology treatment can be timely carried out.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and particularly relates to an aquatic ecology investigation method for aquatic vegetation coverage.
Background
Vegetation coverage refers to the ratio of the vertical projection area of a certain regional plant to the area of the region, expressed in percent. Vegetation coverage is an important quantitative evaluation factor for studying environmental changes in an area. Aquatic vegetation, which is the primary producer in aquatic ecosystems, has a very important impact on maintaining the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem and promoting the self-purification of water bodies. The knowledge and grasp of the details of aquatic vegetation is of great importance to the evaluation of aquatic ecosystems, the analysis of the influence of human activities on the water environment, the establishment of countermeasures for controlling foreign invasive aquatic plants, and the like.
Ground measurement and satellite remote sensing inversion are two main approaches to vegetation coverage estimation. The surface measurement mainly comprises a photographing method, a sampling method, an instrument method and a visual estimation method. Because the traditional ground observation method is difficult to extend to the whole research area and is influenced by personal subjective factors, the vegetation growth condition in the whole area is difficult to estimate. The satellite remote sensing measurement has a wide monitoring range, saves time and labor, provides convenience for monitoring the coverage of the vegetation in a large range, is limited by the spatial resolution of the satellite remote sensing image, and has lower extraction precision for the aquatic vegetation.
In the prior art, the investigation of the aquatic vegetation coverage is mostly directly applied to the investigation method of land vegetation coverage, but the characteristics and living environment of the aquatic vegetation are not considered, and the precision of investigation results is liable to be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the aquatic ecology investigation method for the aquatic vegetation coverage, improve the investigation precision of the aquatic vegetation coverage and provide an application foundation for aquatic ecology treatment.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
there is provided a method of aquatic ecology investigation of aquatic vegetation coverage, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring images of submerged plants and non-submerged plants in an aquatic ecological system, and acquiring the coverage of aquatic vegetation based on the images;
s2, acquiring water quality index data of a water sample in the water ecological system;
s3, acquiring biological index data of various organisms in the water ecological system;
s4, generating a water ecology investigation result according to the coverage degree of the aquatic vegetation, the water quality index data and the biological index data.
Further, in step S1, the method for obtaining the coverage of the submerged plant includes: the dual-frequency identification sonar is adopted to collect images of submerged plants in the water ecological system, and the coverage of the submerged plants is calculated according to the images.
Further, in step S1, the method for obtaining the coverage of the non-submerged plant includes:
selecting a target area to be investigated in the water ecological system, and setting a preset flight path and acquisition nodes positioned on the preset flight path in the target area;
controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to move along a preset flight path, and obtaining an original color image of a target area and geographic coordinates of acquisition nodes through the unmanned aerial vehicle;
based on the original color image and the geographic coordinates, an orthographic image of the non-submerged plant in the target area is obtained, and the coverage of the non-submerged plant is calculated according to the image.
Further, the specific method for calculating the coverage of the submerged plant or the non-submerged plant according to the image of the submerged plant is as follows:
carrying out gray level conversion on an image meter of submerged plants or non-submerged plants to obtain gray level values of all pixels in the image;
extracting critical segmentation threshold values of water domain background and vegetation in the image based on gray values of all pixels;
performing binary segmentation on the image according to a critical segmentation threshold value, and distinguishing a water area background or vegetation corresponding to each pixel respectively;
and calculating the coverage of the submerged plant or the non-submerged plant based on the ratio of the vegetation pixels in the binary-divided image to the total pixels of the image.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s2-1, using a control unit to control a sampling period, and continuously and uninterruptedly collecting a water sample to be detected from a sampling port to a mixing unit at the beginning of the sampling period;
s2-2, after a sampling period is finished, the control unit controls the mixing unit to stop sampling, the control unit receives high and low liquid level signals on the mixing unit, the control unit gives out signals when a water sample to be detected reaches a high liquid level point, and the water sample to be detected of the mixing unit is transferred to the buffer unit;
s2-3, homogenizing and mixing the water sample to be detected through the buffer unit, receiving high and low liquid level signals on the buffer unit by the control unit, enabling the water sample to be detected to reach a high liquid level point, outputting the water sample to be detected of the buffer unit to the analysis unit for analysis, and obtaining water quality index data, wherein the water quality index data comprises nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt content and chlorophyll a content.
Further, in step S3, the biological index data includes the variety, structure, biomass, growth status of fish and benthonic animals.
Further, the biological index data is obtained by means of manual fishing and site surveying.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the submerged plants, the non-submerged plants, the water quality index data and the biological index data of the water ecological system are investigated and recorded, so that the investigation report is filled more accurately, and investigation personnel can evaluate the water ecological condition according to the water vegetation coverage and timely carry out water ecological treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, there is provided a method of aquatic ecology investigation of aquatic vegetation coverage, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring images of submerged plants and non-submerged plants in an aquatic ecological system, and acquiring the coverage of aquatic vegetation based on the images;
s2, acquiring water quality index data of a water sample in the water ecological system;
s3, acquiring biological index data of various organisms in the water ecological system;
s4, generating a water ecology investigation result according to the coverage degree of the aquatic vegetation, the water quality index data and the biological index data.
Specifically, in step S1, the acquisition method of the submerged plant coverage is as follows: the method comprises the steps of setting a plurality of detection points in a water ecological system to be investigated, forming a measuring line based on the detection points, taking a ship as a carrier, and enabling a probe of the double-frequency identification sonar to be arranged below the water surface of the water ecological system and form an acute angle with the horizontal plane (usually, the angle of the acute angle is any value in the range of 25-35 degrees), wherein the distance between the probe and a detection target is within a set detection distance (usually, the detection distance is 1-2 m). In this embodiment, a standard dual-frequency identification sonar is used, and the dual-frequency identification sonar is connected with a computer.
The double-frequency identification sonar is adopted to detect and collect images of submerged plants in the water ecological system through navigation, and the translation speed of the ship driving the double-frequency identification sonar is not more than 3m/s. And transmitting the images acquired by the double-frequency identification sonar to a computer for analysis and processing. Specifically, the image collected by the dual-frequency identification sonar is subjected to gray level transformation to obtain gray level values of all pixels in the image, a gray level histogram corresponding to the image is further obtained, and a critical segmentation threshold value of a water area background and vegetation in the image is extracted according to the gray level histogram. The image is subjected to binary segmentation by using the critical segmentation threshold value, and the binary segmented image displays the water area background and vegetation through different gray scales. And calculating the coverage of the submerged plant by using the ratio of the vegetation pixels to the total pixels of the image based on the binary-divided image.
Further, in step S1, the method for obtaining the coverage of the non-submerged plant includes:
selecting a target area to be investigated in the water ecological system, and setting a preset flight path and acquisition nodes positioned on the preset flight path in the target area;
controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to move along a preset flight path, and obtaining an original color image of a target area and geographic coordinates of acquisition nodes through the unmanned aerial vehicle;
based on the original color image and the geographic coordinates, an orthographic image of the non-submerged plant in the target area is obtained, and the coverage of the non-submerged plant is calculated according to the image. In this embodiment, the non-submerged plants include floating plants and emergent plants, and the processing method for acquiring coverage through the images of the non-submerged plants is the same as the processing method for the submerged plant images.
The step S2 specifically includes the following substeps:
s2-1, using a control unit to control a sampling period, and continuously and uninterruptedly collecting a water sample to be detected from a sampling port to a mixing unit at the beginning of the sampling period;
s2-2, after a sampling period is finished, the control unit controls the mixing unit to stop sampling, the control unit receives high and low liquid level signals on the mixing unit, the control unit gives out signals when a water sample to be detected reaches a high liquid level point, and the water sample to be detected of the mixing unit is transferred to the buffer unit;
s2-3, homogenizing and mixing the water sample to be detected through the buffer unit, receiving high and low liquid level signals on the buffer unit by the control unit, enabling the water sample to be detected to reach a high liquid level point, outputting the water sample to be detected of the buffer unit to the analysis unit for analysis, and obtaining water quality index data, wherein the water quality index data comprises nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt content and chlorophyll a content.
In step S3, the biological index data includes the variety, structure, biomass, growth status of fish and benthonic animals. Biological index data is obtained by means of manual fishing and site survey.
When the chlorophyll a content of the water body is found to reach 10mg/m 3 In the above cases, even significant algae suspension or enrichment is present; when the water body is turbid and polluted; when the growth condition of fish or benthonic animals is poor, the investigation results are recorded in a key way, and the subsequent ecological management of water is performed in time.
Aquatic vegetation is a major part of an aquatic ecological system, and growth, propagation, aging and death of the aquatic vegetation have great influence on water quality. The difference of varieties, the size of coverage, the quantity of biomass and physiological characteristics are all main factors influencing the stability of the water ecological system. Therefore, during investigation, main investigation indexes of aquatic vegetation include the variety, structure, biomass and physiological characteristics (creeping root spreading speed, whether stems and leaves are strong, the spacing of the wheelblades and the appearance and propagation condition of overwintering spores besides the coverage.
According to the invention, the submerged plants, the non-submerged plants, the water quality index data and the biological index data of the water ecological system are investigated and recorded, so that the investigation report is filled more accurately, and investigation personnel can evaluate the water ecological condition according to the water vegetation coverage and timely carry out water ecological treatment.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A method for aquatic ecology investigation of aquatic vegetation coverage, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring images of submerged plants and non-submerged plants in an aquatic ecological system, and acquiring the coverage of aquatic vegetation based on the images;
s2, acquiring water quality index data of a water sample in the water ecological system;
s3, acquiring biological index data of various organisms in the water ecological system;
s4, generating a water ecology investigation result according to the coverage degree of the aquatic vegetation, the water quality index data and the biological index data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the submerged plant coverage is obtained by: the dual-frequency identification sonar is adopted to collect images of submerged plants in the water ecological system, and the coverage of the submerged plants is calculated according to the images.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in step S1, the method of obtaining the non-submerged plant coverage is as follows:
selecting a target area to be investigated in the water ecological system, and setting a preset flight path and acquisition nodes positioned on the preset flight path in the target area;
controlling the unmanned aerial vehicle to move along a preset flight path, and obtaining an original color image of a target area and geographic coordinates of acquisition nodes through the unmanned aerial vehicle;
based on the original color image and the geographic coordinates, an orthographic image of the non-submerged plant in the target area is obtained, and the coverage of the non-submerged plant is calculated according to the image.
4. A method of aquatic ecology investigation of aquatic vegetation coverage according to claim 3, wherein the specific method of calculating its coverage from images of submerged or non-submerged plants is:
carrying out gray level conversion on an image meter of submerged plants or non-submerged plants to obtain gray level values of all pixels in the image;
extracting critical segmentation threshold values of water domain background and vegetation in the image based on gray values of all pixels;
performing binary segmentation on the image according to a critical segmentation threshold value, and distinguishing a water area background or vegetation corresponding to each pixel respectively;
and calculating the coverage of the submerged plant or the non-submerged plant based on the ratio of the vegetation pixels in the binary-divided image to the total pixels of the image.
5. The method of aquatic ecology investigation of aquatic vegetation coverage according to claim 1, characterized in that step S2 comprises in particular the sub-steps of:
s2-1, using a control unit to control a sampling period, and continuously and uninterruptedly collecting a water sample to be detected from a sampling port to a mixing unit at the beginning of the sampling period;
s2-2, after a sampling period is finished, the control unit controls the mixing unit to stop sampling, the control unit receives high and low liquid level signals on the mixing unit, the control unit gives out signals when a water sample to be detected reaches a high liquid level point, and the water sample to be detected of the mixing unit is transferred to the buffer unit;
s2-3, homogenizing and mixing the water sample to be detected through a buffer unit, receiving high and low liquid level signals on the buffer unit by a control unit, enabling the water sample to be detected to reach a high liquid level point, outputting the water sample to be detected of the buffer unit to an analysis unit for analysis, and obtaining water quality index data, wherein the water quality index data comprises nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt content and chlorophyll a content.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the biological index data includes variety, structure, biomass, growth status of fish and benthonic animals.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the biological index data is obtained by means of manual fishing and site surveying.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116660486A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-08-29 | 重庆交通大学 | Water quality evaluation standard determining method based on large benthonic animal BI index |
| CN117741077A (en) * | 2023-11-18 | 2024-03-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | Aquatic plant harvesting-based aquatic ecological environment protection method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116660486A (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-08-29 | 重庆交通大学 | Water quality evaluation standard determining method based on large benthonic animal BI index |
| CN117741077A (en) * | 2023-11-18 | 2024-03-22 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | Aquatic plant harvesting-based aquatic ecological environment protection method |
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