CN116090104B - Board structure of high-speed water surface aircraft and design method - Google Patents
Board structure of high-speed water surface aircraft and design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a plate body structure of a high-speed water surface aircraft and a design method thereof, wherein the plate body structure is of a streamline structure, the middle part of the plate body is of a horizontal section, the front end of the plate body is tilted upwards, the rear end of the plate body is tilted upwards slightly, and the tilting amplitude of the plate body is smaller than that of the front end of the plate body; in the width direction of the plate body structure, the front end and the rear end of the plate body are streamline in a contracted state, the front end and the middle part of the plate body are gradually widened along the length direction of the plate body, and the middle part and the rear end of the plate body are gradually narrowed along the length direction of the plate body. The application also provides a design method of the plate body structure, a substitution model based on cross verification is established according to design variables and optimization targets of the plate body structure, and a multi-target optimization design method is adopted to shorten the research and development period. The plate body structure of the application can reduce hydrodynamic resistance of the water surface aircraft, improve the navigation speed while carrying people, and also can improve the stability of the water surface aircraft, thereby solving the problem that the water surface aircraft in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of carrying people and high-speed navigation.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of high-speed water surface aircrafts, and particularly relates to a plate body structure of a high-speed water surface aircrafts and a design method thereof.
Background
According to the complex sea conditions in the ocean, special tasks and other requirements, the surface craft needs to develop rapidity and manned requirements. The rapidness requires that the hydrodynamic resistance of the plate structure of the aircraft is small enough, and the aircraft can reach higher sailing speed as much as possible under the pushing of a certain power propeller, so that the hydrodynamic resistance of the plate structure is required to be reduced as much as possible on the basis of streamline design. The manned aircraft has the advantages that the plate body structure of the aircraft is required to have certain wind and wave resistance capability and good stability, so that workers can keep comfortable on the aircraft and have stable and safe working environments, and dolphin movement cannot occur absolutely. Therefore, the plate body structure needs to keep stable movement posture in the high-speed navigation process, and large-amplitude heave displacement can not occur.
Due to the specificity and complexity of water operations, water craft are required to carry personnel into the area to complete the operation or task. For example, chinese patent CN 202210067232.3 provides a ballastless underwater manned vehicle, which can perform a manned function through a plate structure design, but the resistance characteristics of the plate structure cannot meet the requirement of high-speed sailing.
At present, the current manned water craft generally has a navigational speed of not more than 10knot, and is mainly used for water entertainment, such as surfboards, motorboats and the like, and the low-speed manned water craft cannot support high-speed navigation, and is difficult to complete specific ocean cruising tasks and the like.
Although the current high-speed water surface craft can reach 100knot, the current high-speed water surface craft generally adopts a configuration design scheme of a small water surface, and the high-speed water surface craft of the type is poor in wind and wave resistance and easy to overturn and move in dolphins, so that the high-speed water surface craft is commonly used for unmanned operation tasks, generally does not have a manned function, and the unmanned craft can complete some simple operation tasks, but is difficult to realize for complex operation tasks. For example, chinese patent document CN 201620156213.8 provides a water surface ventilation double-bubble high-speed navigation moving body structure, which can reduce the resistance of the aircraft to reach the requirement of high-speed navigation through the design of the plate body to a great extent, but the aircraft cannot realize the manned function.
In summary, in the plate body structure of the high-speed water surface aircraft in the prior art, due to the adoption of the configuration design scheme of the small water surface line, the wind and wave resistance is poor, and people cannot be carried. In the plate body structure of the manned aircraft, because the requirements of manned aircraft are met, the plate body structure is often larger than an unmanned plate body structure, the width and the length of the plate body structure are both larger than those of the unmanned plate body structure, and the existence of manned weight causes the resistance of the plate body structure to be increased, so that the navigational speed is influenced. The surface craft cannot meet the requirements of high-speed navigation and man-carrying at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The application discloses a plate body structure of a high-speed water surface aircraft and a design method thereof, which can reduce hydrodynamic resistance of the water surface aircraft, improve navigation stability of the water surface aircraft and improve navigation speed and manned comfort level so as to solve the problem that the water surface aircraft in the prior art cannot meet the requirements of manned and high-speed navigation.
In a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a panel structure of a high-speed water surface craft, the panel structure being a streamline structure, the panel structure including a panel front end, a panel middle and a panel rear end along a movement direction of the panel structure, the panel middle being a horizontal section, the panel front end being lifted upwards from the panel middle, the panel rear end being lifted upwards slightly from the panel middle, a lift amplitude of the lift amplitude being smaller than a lift amplitude of the panel front end, so as to rapidly lift the panel structure during a lifting process;
in the width direction of the plate body structure, the front end of the plate body and the rear end of the plate body adopt a streamline shape in a contracted state, the front end of the plate body gradually widens along the length direction of the plate body from the middle of the plate body, and the middle of the plate body gradually narrows along the length direction of the plate body from the middle of the plate body to the rear end of the plate body so as to reduce the resistance born by the plate body structure in the sliding process.
Further, the tail of the rear end of the plate body is provided with a power module cabin for installing the water jet propeller, and two sides of the rear end of the plate body shrink upwards around the power module cabin, so that the shrinkage amplitude of the rear end of the plate body is larger than that of the front end of the plate body, and the wetting area of the plate body structure is reduced, and the hydrodynamic resistance during navigation is reduced.
Further, the length of the plate structure is greater than three times the width of the plate structure, and the width of the plate structure is greater than three times the thickness of the plate structure, so that hydrodynamic resistance of the plate structure during navigation is reduced;
the length L of the plate body structure is greater than 1.2m, and the width B is greater than 0.35m, so that the manned requirement is met.
Further, the keel line of the plate body structure is formed by three sections of straight smooth transition and comprises a straight line part at the front end of the plate body, a straight line part at the middle part of the plate body and a straight line part at the rear end of the plate body, wherein an included angle alpha between the straight line part at the front end of the plate body and the straight line part at the middle part of the plate body 1 The value range is 0-30 degrees, and the included angle alpha between the straight line part in the middle of the plate body and the straight line part at the rear end of the plate body 2 The value range is 0-10 degrees.
Further, from the front end of the plate body to the rear end of the plate body, at 0.2L, 0.4L, 0.55L, 0.7L and 0.9L which are respectively away from the front end of the plate body, a first cross section, a second cross section, a third cross section, a fourth cross section and a fifth cross section of the plate body structure which are vertical to the horizontal plane are respectively arranged, and on the basis of the keel lines, the plate body structure is formed by sweeping the five cross sections; wherein L is the length of the plate body structure.
Further, the first cross section and the second cross section are chamfer rectangles, the upper side and the lower side are parallel, the left side and the right side are parallel, and the vertex chamfers are connected by straight lines so as to represent the contraction amplitude of the plate body structure;
in the first cross section, the width of the chamfer rectangle is a 1 B, the height is a 2 H, wherein B is the width of the plate body structure, H is the thickness of the plate body structure, the upper side is taken as a starting point in the clockwise direction, and the lengths of the sides in the chamfer rectangle of the first cross section are respectively a 3 B、a 5 H、a 4 B and a 5 H，a 1 >a 4 >a 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The contraction amplitude of the upper side is larger than that of the lower side, so that the stability of the high-speed water surface aircraft is improved;
in the second cross section, the width of the chamfer rectangle is b 1 B, the height is B 2 H, starting from the upper edge in the clockwise direction, wherein the length of each side in the chamfer rectangle of the second cross section is b respectively 3 B、b 5 H、b 4 B and B 5 H，b 1 >b 3 >b 4 The contraction amplitude of the upper edge is smaller than that of the lower edge, so that the wetting area of the bottom of the plate body structure is reduced, and the hydrodynamic resistance is reduced.
Further, the third cross section is located at the widest position of the plate body structure and is a chamfer rectangle, the chamfer rectangle has a width B and a height H, the clockwise upper side is used as a starting point, and the lengths of the sides of the chamfer rectangle of the third cross section are respectively c 1 B、c 3 H、c 2 B and c 3 H，1>c 1 >c 2 。
Further, the boss is arranged at the center of the lower edge of the chamfering rectangle, and the boss is connected with the bottom edge of the chamfering rectangle by adopting a straight line segment to form a chamfer, so that the two sides of the rear end of the plate body are kept in a contracted state, and the boss is used for installing the water spraying propeller.
In a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a method of designing a panel structure of a high-speed surface vehicle, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, carrying out parameterization design on a plate body structure, wherein the determined design variables comprise the length L, the width B and the height H of the plate body structure, and the front end of the plate body in a keel line is straightIncluded angle alpha between line part and straight line part in middle of plate body 1 An included angle alpha between the straight line part at the rear end of the plate body and the straight line part at the middle part of the plate body 2 The radius of the straight line part of the plate body and the straight line part in the middle of the plate body in the keel line is R 1 Radius R of the straight line part in the middle of the plate body and the straight line part at the rear end of the plate body 2 Simultaneously determining the resistance value and the maximum heave displacement of the plate body structure as optimization targets;
s2, establishing an initial sample set by adopting a test design method in the value range of the design variable;
s3, evaluating the performance of each sample point in the initial sample set by adopting a numerical simulation method, namely a resistance value and maximum heave displacement corresponding to each sample point;
s4, taking the design variable of each sample point as input, taking the corresponding performance of each sample point as output, and establishing a mapping relation from input to output to obtain a substitution model based on cross verification;
s5, global optimization is carried out in a design space by adopting an optimization algorithm, and a pareto (pareto) front edge is obtained;
s6, selecting m pareto front solutions from the pareto front to carry out numerical simulation performance evaluation, and judging whether the obtained prediction performance meets the hydrodynamic design requirement; if the hydrodynamic design requirement is not met, adding m pareto front solutions to the initial sample set, increasing the number of the initial sample set, and returning to the step S4 to continue operation; if the hydrodynamic design requirement is met, jumping to the step S7;
s7, carrying out structural strength performance analysis on m pareto front solutions;
s8, judging whether the structural strength of the selected m pareto front solutions meets the practical engineering application requirements; if the design scheme is satisfied, outputting a final design scheme, and performing model machine manufacturing and lake test verification; if not, returning to the step S6 to reselect from the pareto front, sequentially executing the step S7, and judging again until the solution selected from the pareto front meets the requirement of structural strength design.
Further, the process of creating the cross-validation based surrogate model in step S3 is:
a) Ten-dividing the initial sample set into N 1 -N 10 Of which 90% is the training set and the remaining 10% is divided into test sets;
b) By N 2 ～N 10 Training a surrogate model with N 1 As a test set, up to the current surrogate model f 1 (N 1 ) The precision requirement is met;
c) Then use N 1 、N 3 ～N 10 As training set, use N 2 As a test set, up to the current surrogate model f 2 (N 2 ) The precision requirement is met;
d) Thus in turn N 3 、N 4 ……N 10 As test sets, the rest 9 sample sets are used as training sets to respectively establish corresponding substitution models f 3 (N 3 )、f 4 (N 4 )……、f 10 (N 10 ) Calculating to obtain errors E corresponding to 10 test sets 1 ～E 10 ；
e) Comparison of 10 errors E 1 ～E 10 Find the smallest error min. (E i ) I=1 to 10, and the surrogate model corresponding to the minimum error is the optimal surrogate model.
Further, after the method is optimally designed, the length L of the plate body structure is 1.55-2.0 m, the width B is 0.45-0.70 m, and the height H is 0.10-0.20 m;
an included angle alpha between the straight line part at the front end of the plate body and the straight line part at the middle part of the plate body 1 Is 6-12 degrees, and the included angle alpha between the straight line part at the rear end of the plate body and the straight line part in the middle of the plate body 2 1-4 deg.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the application, the width of the plate body structure is gradually widened and then slightly narrowed along with the length direction of the plate body, so that on one hand, in order to leave enough space in the middle of the plate body to install a battery compartment with higher power, the battery is beneficial to being designed with higher power, and further, the water surface aircraft can obtain higher thrust, thereby achieving higher navigational speed. On the other hand, a streamlined design can be satisfied to reduce the resistance to sliding across the Cheng Zhongban body; the device is convenient for carrying people, the center of gravity of the people is overlapped with the center of mass of the whole device of the water surface aircraft as much as possible, the stability of the sailing process is maintained, and the dolphin does not move.
2. The front end of the plate body is upwarp in the height direction of the plate body, the rear end of the plate body is also upwarp slightly, the plate body can be lifted quickly in the sliding process of the aircraft, the resistance of the aircraft sliding through the Cheng Zhongban body is reduced, the plate body can be lifted quickly, and therefore the speed-up time can be shortened under the pushing of the water-jet propeller with certain power, and the speed of the aircraft is improved. In addition, the design that the front end of plate body upwarps can improve the wave resistance and the unrestrained resistance of plate body, improves the stability of surface of water aircraft navigation in-process, still compromise streamlined design's drag reduction effect simultaneously to reach the requirement of high-speed stable manned.
3. The application also provides a design method aiming at the plate body structure, the traditional design method needs to carry out a numerical simulation method aiming at the combination mode (namely one sample point) of each design variable and evaluate the performance of each design variable, and the consumed time is long. In the application, only the sample points in the initial sample set are required to be subjected to numerical simulation, and then a substitution model based on cross verification is established, so that the newly generated sample points in the global optimizing process do not need to be subjected to performance evaluation through numerical simulation, and the performance evaluation can be quickly performed through the substitution model, thereby shortening the period of optimizing design.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the drawings described below are merely exemplary and that other embodiments may be derived from the drawings provided without undue effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a keel line of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a first cross-sectional view of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a second cross-sectional view of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a third cross-sectional view of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a fourth cross-sectional view of a plate structure in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 10 is a fifth cross-sectional view of a plate structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a design method of a plate structure in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a sample point set in ten halves in an embodiment of the application;
in the figure: 1-plate body structure, 2-plate body front end, 3-plate body middle part, 4-plate body rear end, 5-fossil fragments line, 6-plate body front end's sharp part, 7-plate body middle part's sharp part, 8-plate body rear end's sharp part, 9-first cross section, 10-second cross section, 11-third cross section, 12-fourth cross section, 13-fifth cross section, 14-the higher authority of cross section, 15-the lower authority of cross section, 16-the left of cross section, 17-the right of cross section, 18-boss, 19-connection boss and lower chamfer's horizontal line.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
As shown in fig. 1, the application provides a plate body structure of a high-speed water surface aircraft, wherein the plate body structure 1 is a streamline structure, and the plate body structure 1 comprises a plate body front end 2, a plate body middle part 3 and a plate body rear end 4 along the movement direction of the plate body structure, wherein the plate body middle part 3 is a horizontal section, the plate body front end 2 is tilted upwards from the plate body middle part 3, the plate body rear end 4 is tilted upwards slightly from the plate body middle part 3, and the tilting amplitude is smaller than the tilting amplitude of the plate body front end 2 so as to rapidly lift the plate body structure 1 in the sliding process; in the width direction of the plate body structure 1, the front end 2 and the rear end 4 of the plate body adopt streamline shapes in a contracted state, the front end 2 to the middle part 3 of the plate body gradually widen along the length direction of the plate body, and the middle part 3 to the rear end 4 of the plate body gradually narrow along the length direction of the plate body so as to reduce the resistance of the plate body structure 1 in the sliding process.
The width of the plate body structure 1 is gradually widened and then slightly narrowed along the length direction of the plate body, so that a battery compartment with larger power is arranged in order to leave enough space on one hand, and on the other hand, streamline design can be met, and the resistance of sliding across the Cheng Zhongban body is reduced. In the direction of the height of the plate body, the front end 2 of the plate body is tilted upwards, and the rear end 4 of the plate body is tilted slightly, so that the plate body can be lifted quickly in the sliding process of the aircraft, and the design of the plate body structure 1 can reduce the resistance of sliding across a Cheng Zhongban body and simultaneously lift the plate body quickly, so that the speed-up time can be shortened under the pushing of a water-jet propeller with certain power, and the navigational speed of the aircraft can be further improved. In addition, the design that the front end of plate body upwarps can improve the wave resistance and the unrestrained resistance of plate body, improves the stability of surface of water aircraft navigation in-process, still compromise streamlined design's drag reduction effect simultaneously to reach the requirement of high-speed stable manned.
In one possible embodiment, a power module compartment is provided at the tail of the rear end 4 of the board body for mounting the water jet propulsion, and both sides of the rear end 4 of the board body shrink upwards around the power module compartment, so that the shrinkage amplitude of the rear end 4 of the board body is larger than that of the front end 2 of the board body, so as to reduce the wetting area of the board body structure 1 and reduce hydrodynamic resistance during navigation.
In this embodiment, the molded lines on both sides of the bottom surface of the plate body shrink upwards, and the middle and rear parts also adopt the streamline form of shrinkage state, and the plate body on both sides of the power system shrink upwards, so that on one hand, the weight can be reduced, the navigation speed can be improved advantageously, on the other hand, the wetting area can be reduced, and the hydrodynamic resistance during navigation is reduced.
In the application, the length L of the plate body structure 1 is greater than three times of the width B (namely L > 3B) of the plate body structure 1, and the width B of the plate body structure 1 is greater than three times of the thickness H (namely B > 3H) of the plate body structure 1, so that hydrodynamic resistance of the plate body structure 1 during navigation is reduced. In general, the plate structure 1 is elongated, and the length L is significantly greater than the width dimension B of the plate, which is also significantly greater than the height dimension H of the plate, i.e., L > B > H, so as to ensure that the hydrodynamic resistance of the plate is as small as possible.
In order to ensure manned requirements, the size of the plate body structure 1 is further defined, the length L of the plate body structure 1 is greater than 1.2m, and the width B is greater than 0.35m, so that the manned requirements are met.
The middle part 3 of the plate body is provided with a battery cabin, and the working principle of the high-speed water surface aircraft is that a motor is driven by a battery so as to drive a water spraying propeller; the water-jet propeller is utilized to jet the reaction force of water flow backwards to push the water-surface craft to move forwards; the manual turning is realized by the staff lying on the plate body tilting left or right manually and providing a centripetal force for the plate body in forward navigation. Assuming a human body weight of 50kg, a sailing speed of 20knot (about 10.288 m/s), leaning to the left by 20 degrees, according to F To the direction of ＝mgtan20°＝mv 2 R, the turning radius is about 29m.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-3, 5 is the keel line of the panel body 1. The front end 2 of the plate body is tilted upwards from the middle 3 of the plate body, the middle 3 of the plate body is a horizontal section, and the rear end 4 of the plate body is tilted upwards slightly. The middle part 3 of the plate body has the largest width in the width direction, so that people can conveniently carry on one hand, the center of gravity of the people and the center of mass of the whole device of the water surface aircraft are overlapped as much as possible, the stability in the sailing process is kept, and the dolphin does not move; the other side panel body is provided with enough space in the middle part 3 to place the battery, so that the battery can be designed to have higher power, and the surface craft can obtain higher thrust, thereby achieving higher navigational speed.
As shown in fig. 4, the keel line 5 of the plate body structure 1 is formed by three sections of straight smooth transition, adopts streamline design, and comprises a straight line part 6 at the front end of the plate body, a straight line part 7 at the middle of the plate body and a straight line part 8 at the rear end of the plate body, wherein an included angle alpha between the straight line part 6 at the front end of the plate body and the straight line part 7 at the middle of the plate body 1 The value range is 0-30 degrees, and the included angle alpha between the straight line part 7 in the middle of the plate body and the straight line part 8 at the rear end of the plate body 2 The value range is 0-10 degrees. The straight line part 6 at the front end of the plate body and the straight line part 7 at the middle part of the plate body pass through a radial line R 1 The straight line part 7 in the middle of the plate body and the straight line part 8 at the rear end of the plate body pass through the curve with the radius of R 2 Is smoothly transited by the round guide.
From the front end 2 of the plate body to the rear end 4 of the plate body, at 0.2L, 0.4L, 0.55L, 0.7L and 0.9L, respectively, from the end of the front end 2 of the plate body, a first cross section 9, a second cross section 10, a third cross section 11, a fourth cross section 12 and a fifth cross section 13 of the plate body structure 1 perpendicular to the horizontal plane are respectively arranged, as shown in fig. 5, a keel line 5 is a shape control line of the plate body structure 1, and on the basis of the keel line 5, the plate body structure 1 is formed by sweeping the five cross sections.
The first cross section 9 and the second cross section 10 are in a chamfer rectangle, the upper side and the lower side are parallel, the left side and the right side are parallel, and the vertex chamfers are connected by a straight line so as to represent the contraction amplitude of the plate body structure 1. The chamfering is used for meeting streamline design requirements of the front end 2 of the plate body, and besides the weight can be reduced, the wetting area can be reduced, so that hydrodynamic resistance is reduced.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the first cross section 9, the upper side 14 and the lower side 15 are parallel, the left side 16 and the right side 17 are parallel, and the width of the chamfered rectangle is a 1 B, the height is a 2 H, starting from the upper edge in the clockwise direction, the length of each edge in the chamfer rectangle of the first cross section 9 is a respectively 3 B、a 5 H、a 4 B and a 5 H. Since the plate body structure 1 as a whole is symmetrical along the keel line, the two ends of each cross section are symmetrical. Wherein a is 1 >a 4 >a 3 The arrangement of the side length of the section ensures that the contraction amplitude of the upper side is larger than that of the lower side, thereby liftingStability of high speed surface craft.
As shown in FIG. 7, in the second cross section 10, the chamfer rectangle has a width b 1 B, the height is B 2 H, starting from the upper edge in the clockwise direction, the length of each edge in the chamfer rectangle of the second cross section 10 is b respectively 3 B、b 5 H、b 4 B and B 5 H, the width of the second cross section 10 is required to satisfy b 1 >b 3 >b 4 The contraction amplitude of the upper side is smaller than that of the lower side, so that the wetting area of the bottom of the plate body structure 1 is reduced, and the hydrodynamic resistance is reduced.
As shown in fig. 8, the third cross section 11 is located at the widest position of the plate body structure 1 and is a chamfer rectangle, the chamfer rectangle has a width of B and a height of H, the chamfer rectangle of the third cross section 11 has sides c respectively from the upper side in the clockwise direction 1 B、c 3 H、c 2 B and c 3 H. The third cross section 11 is the widest part of the board body and is positioned in the middle part 3 of the board body, namely the position for installing the battery compartment and the main stress surface for the human body to lie on the board body, wherein the broken line represents the battery compartment, and therefore, the width of the third cross section needs to satisfy 1 from the aspects of the maximization of the battery compartment capacity and the comfort of the human body lying on>c 1 >c 2 。
The boss 18 is arranged at the center of the lower edge of the chamfer rectangle, and the boss 18 and the bottom edge of the chamfer rectangle are connected into chamfers by adopting straight line segments, so that the two sides of the rear end of the plate body are kept in a contracted state, and the boss 18 is used for installing a water jet propeller.
As shown in FIG. 9, in the fourth cross section 12, the left side 16 and the right side 17 are parallel to each other in a vertical line at a distance B, and the upper side 14 and the lower side 15 are parallel to each other in a horizontal line at a distance d 1 H, the two ends of the upper edge are symmetrically chamfered, and the width of the upper edge after chamfering is d 2 B, the lower chamfer is twice connected by a short horizontal line to form a downward boss 18, and the width of the lower edge 15 after chamfering is d 3 B, the heights of the left side 16 and the right side 17 after chamfering are d 4 H, the height of the boss 18 is d 6 H, width d of horizontal line 19 adjacent to boss 18 5 B. Width of fourth cross sectionTo satisfy 1>d 2 >d 5 >d 3 。
As shown in FIG. 10, in the fifth cross section 13, the left 16 and right 17 vertical lines are spaced by a distance e 1 B, the upper edge 14 and the lower edge 15 are horizontal lines, and the interval is e 2 H, the two ends of the upper edge 14 are symmetrically chamfered, and the width of the upper edge 14 after chamfering is e 3 B, the lower chamfer is twice connected by a short horizontal line to form a downward boss 18, and the width of the lower edge 15 after chamfering is e 4 B, the heights of the left side 16 and the right side 17 after chamfering are e 5 H. The height of the boss 18 is e 7 H, width of horizontal line 19 adjacent to boss 18 is e 6 B. The width of the fifth cross section is required to satisfy e 1 >e 3 ≈e 6 >e 4 . Wherein the height of the boss 18 is related to the selection of the propeller. From the fourth cross section to the fifth cross section, the height e of the boss 18 7 H increases gradually, also closer to the rear end 4 of the plate body, the greater the height of the boss 18.
In the application, after the length, the width and the thickness of the plate body structure are set, five cross sections are established based on keel lines, so that the plate body structure 1 can be formed, the prepared plate body structure 1 has the maximum width in the width direction in the middle part 3 of the plate body, and the plate body structure can be used for carrying people, so that the center of gravity of the people and the center of mass of the whole device of the water surface aircraft are overlapped as much as possible, and the stability of the sailing process is maintained. The end part of the combined plate body structure is tilted and contracted to realize the drag reduction effect, thereby being beneficial to improving the navigational speed.
The circuit system for installing the power supply system, the propulsion system and the control system in a matched mode is reserved in the plate body structure 1, bolt hole sites, such as an operation handle connecting hole, a protection plate connecting hole and the like, can be reserved on the plate body structure 1, and is high in expandability and extensibility. In the actual use process, corresponding connecting components can be configured according to application requirements, and the connecting components are commonly used in use scenes such as throwing use, dragging traction and the like.
In practical application, the surface of the plate body structure 1 can be coated to avoid radar and other reconnaissance equipment, and has strong concealment performance.
The application provides the plate body structure for the high-speed water surface aircraft, but in the specific design process, the traditional method is to determine the size of the plate body 1 and the corresponding size of the keel line through repeated calculation or experiments, so that the required design period is too long, and more manpower and material resources are input. Therefore, the application also provides a design method aiming at the plate structure, which can greatly shorten the research and development period and ensure that the resistance characteristic and the stability of the plate 1 meet the design requirements.
As shown in fig. 11, the method includes the steps of:
s1, carrying out parameterization design on a plate body structure, and determining design variables including the length L, the width B and the height H of the plate body structure, wherein an included angle alpha between a straight line part 6 at the front end of the plate body and a straight line part 7 in the middle of the plate body in a keel line 1 The included angle alpha between the straight line part 8 at the rear end of the plate body and the straight line part 7 at the middle part of the plate body 2 The radius of the guide circle of the straight line part 6 of the plate body and the straight line part 7 of the middle part of the plate body in the keel line is R 1 Radius R of circle of straight line part 7 in middle of plate body and straight line part 8 at back end of plate body 2 And simultaneously determining the resistance value and the maximum heave displacement of the plate body structure as optimization targets.
The variation range of the design variable refers to the structural size and engineering experience of the surface craft, and is shown in the design variable and the value range of the table 1.
Table 1 design variables and value ranges
In the optimization target, the resistance of the plate body is required to be as small as possible, including hydrodynamic resistance and wave-making resistance; meanwhile, the stability of the operation of the plate body is required to be good, the mathematical expression is as follows,
c in the formula d As resistance value, delta y (t) is the heave displacement of the plate body structure of the water surface craft at the moment t, and max (delta) y (t)) is the maximum heave displacement of the panel structure of the water craft over a period of time, C l The lifting force value of the plate body structure of the water surface aircraft is obtained.
Physical meaning of constraint: 1. delta y The (t) < 0.05H is used for ensuring that the heave displacement of the newly designed plate body structure in the sailing process is less than 0.05H, so that the stability of the water surface aircraft in the sailing process can be ensured, and the large-amplitude displacement in the longitudinal direction can be avoided, so that the severe dolphin movement can be avoided. 2. C (C) l /C d The lift-drag ratio of the water craft is larger than 6, so that the lift force of the water craft is larger and the resistance is smaller, and rapid performance indexes are realized from the aspects of lift force and resistance.
S2, in the range of the value of the design variable, an initial sample set is established by adopting a test Design (DOE) method, so that the workload of design and calculation can be reduced, and sample points are distributed in a design space as uniformly as possible. The test design method can be a method of selecting partial factor design, orthogonal array, center combination design, latin hypercube design, eulatin hypercube design and the like. In a preferred embodiment: in order to ensure that the whole design space can be uniformly distributed with fewer sample points and reduce errors, an optimal Latin hypercube test design method with the advantages of good uniformity, fewer sampling times, strong space filling capability and the like is selected.
S3, evaluating the performance of each sample point in the initial sample set by adopting a numerical simulation (CFD) method, namely, a resistance value, a lift value and a maximum heave displacement corresponding to each sample point.
First, a fluid computing domain is established that contains a high-speed surface vehicle. Next, after releasing six degrees of freedom at 20knot speed, a resistance value C is obtained d Lift value C l Maximum heave displacement max (delta y (t)). And finally forming a sample point set database of the complete test design table.
The boundary conditions for numerical simulation were set as follows: the inlet boundary condition is a flat VOF wave based on the moisture volume fraction, and the inlet inflow velocity is set to 20knot. The outlet boundary condition is a flat VOF wave based on the volume fraction of water gas, set as a hydrostatic pressure distribution in the water area. The boundary conditions of the other sides are the same as the inlet arrangement. The solid wall surface of the high-speed water surface aircraft is set to be a non-slip wall surface.
S4, taking the design variable of each sample point as input, taking the corresponding performance of each sample point as output, and establishing a mapping relation from input to output to obtain a substitution model based on cross verification.
Alternative mapping methods herein include response surface models (Response Surface Methodology, RSM), radial Basis Function (RBF), elliptic mechanical neural network (EBF), orthonormal polynomial, kriging (Kriging) models.
The establishment process of the substitution model based on the cross verification is as follows:
a) Ten-dividing the initial sample set into N 1 -N 10 Of which 90% are training sets and the remaining 10% are divided into test sets.
b) By N 2 ～N 10 Training a surrogate model with N 1 As a test set, up to the current surrogate model f 1 (N 1 ) Meets the precision requirement.
c) Then use N 1 、N 3 ～N 10 As training set, use N 2 As a test set, up to the current surrogate model f 2 (N 2 ) Meets the precision requirement.
d) Thus in turn N 3 、N 4 ……N 10 As test sets, the rest 9 sample sets are used as training sets to respectively establish corresponding substitution models f 3 (N 3 )、f 4 (N 4 )……、f 10 (N 10 ) Calculating to obtain errors E corresponding to 10 test sets 1 ～E 10 。
The error formula is as follows:
wherein E is i Representation ofError of the ith test set, count (N i ) Represents the number of samples in the ith test set (the number of initial samples is changed after cross-validation, so the number of samples in the test set is also changed), j represents the jth sample in the ith test set, error j Representing the error of the j-th test sample,representing the true value (i.e. calculated value) of the j-th test sample, is>Representing the predicted value of the jth test sample (i.e., using the current surrogate model f i (N i ) For test sample X j Predicted values).
e) Comparison of 10 errors E 1 ～E 10 Find the smallest error min. (E i ) I=1 to 10, and the surrogate model corresponding to the minimum error is the optimal surrogate model.
Compared with the traditional substitution model, the substitution model based on cross verification can fully utilize sample point information, and can construct a substitution model with higher precision on the basis of limited sample point number.
In a preferred embodiment, a fourth order response surface model is used to build the surrogate model, and in order to build a surrogate model with sufficiently high accuracy between input and output, the number of samples is required to be at least (p+1) × (p+2)/2+2p, p being the number of design variables, in the present application p=7, so that the number of samples is required to be at least 50, and the number of samples in the original sample set is 100.
S5, global optimization is carried out in a design space by adopting an optimization algorithm, and a pareto (pareto) front edge is obtained.
Because the optimization targets are two, two constraint conditions are added, a multi-target optimization algorithm is needed, and the weight factors of the two optimization targets are equal. Multi-objective optimization methods that can be considered include gradient-based fast Pareto exploration algorithm (Multi-Gradient Pareto Explorer), genetic and gradient algorithm-based global Pareto exploration algorithm (Hybrid Multi-Gradient Pareto Explorer), second generation Non-inferior ranking genetic algorithm NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm), multi-objective particle swarm algorithm, and variations thereof.
In the global optimizing process, the newly generated sample points do not need to be subjected to performance evaluation through numerical simulation, but are subjected to rapid evaluation by adopting the substitution model in the step S4, so that the period of optimizing design can be greatly shortened. In a preferred embodiment, the optimization algorithm is selected as NSGA-II, the specific parameters are set as the population number is 190, the genetic algebra is 110, the crossover probability is set as 0.8, the crossover distribution index is 10, and the mutation distribution index is 10.
S6, selecting m pareto front solutions from the pareto front to carry out numerical simulation performance evaluation, and judging whether the obtained prediction performance meets the hydrodynamic design requirement; if the hydrodynamic design requirement is not met, adding m pareto front solutions to the initial sample set, increasing the number of the initial sample set, and returning to the step S4 to continue operation; if the hydrodynamic design requirements are met, the process jumps to step S7.
S7, carrying out structural strength performance analysis on m pareto front solutions;
s8, judging whether the structural strength of the selected m pareto front solutions meets the practical engineering application requirements; if the design scheme is satisfied, outputting a final design scheme, and performing model machine manufacturing and lake test verification; if not, returning to the step S6 to reselect from the pareto front, sequentially executing the step S7, and judging again until the solution selected from the pareto front meets the requirement of structural strength design.
Through the design method of the application, the length L of the plate body structure of the high-speed water surface aircraft is 1.55-2.0 m, the width B is 0.45-0.70 m, and the height H is 0.10-0.20 m.
The angle alpha between the straight line part 6 of the keel line and the horizontal line 1 Is 6-12 DEG, the included angle alpha between the straight line part 8 of the keel line and the horizontal line 2 1-4 deg.
The overall three-dimensional shape of the plate structure is shaped by three-dimensional sweep from five cross sections. The design of the width and the height of the chamfer rectangles with the five cross sections ensures that the whole plate body structure is streamline, reduces hydrodynamic resistance and wave making resistance to the maximum extent during high-speed navigation, and ensures that the high-speed water surface aircraft can reach higher navigation speed as much as possible. Meanwhile, the design of the length L and the width B of the plate body structure ensures that the plate body structure has sufficient deck area so as to meet the requirements of manned persons, and the standing posture and the lying posture can be met simultaneously.
The upwarp structural design of the front end of the plate body can improve the wave resistance and stability of the plate body structure and ensure the stable operation of the high-speed water surface craft in the manned process.
The battery compartment is arranged in the middle of the plate body, and the water spraying propeller is arranged at the rear end of the plate body, so that the mass center of the plate body structure can be moved backwards, the stability is improved, and meanwhile, the shape resistance of the plate body structure can be reduced due to the small and exquisite cabin design meeting the assembly line.
The board body structure after comprehensive design can ensure that the board body structure of the high-speed water surface aircraft has the characteristics of small resistance, wide nail plate area and high stability so as to meet the requirement of high-speed navigation of people carrying the aircraft on the water surface. People can stand on the plate body like a traditional high-speed water surface aircraft and can also lie prone on the plate body. Even if lying prone, the dolphin toy has good comfort and stability and does not have jolt of dolphin movement.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements of this application will occur to those skilled in the art, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the application.
Claims (7)
1. A plate structure of a high-speed water surface aircraft is characterized in that,
the plate body structure (1) is of a streamline structure, the plate body structure (1) comprises a plate body front end (2), a plate body middle part (3) and a plate body rear end (4) along the movement direction of the plate body structure (1), the plate body middle part (3) is a horizontal section, the plate body front end (2) is lifted upwards from the plate body middle part (3), the plate body rear end (4) is lifted upwards slightly from the plate body middle part (3), and the lifting amplitude of the plate body rear end is smaller than that of the plate body front end (2) so as to rapidly lift the plate body structure (1) in the lifting and sliding process;
in the width direction of the plate body structure (1), the front end (2) and the rear end (4) of the plate body are in a streamline shape in a contracted state, the front end (2) to the middle part (3) of the plate body gradually widen along the length direction of the plate body, and the middle part (3) to the rear end (4) of the plate body gradually narrow along the length direction of the plate body so as to reduce the resistance of the plate body structure (1) in the sliding process;
from the front end (2) of the plate body to the rear end (4) of the plate body, at positions which are respectively 0.2L, 0.4L, 0.55L, 0.7L and 0.9L away from the front end of the plate body, a first cross section (9), a second cross section (10), a third cross section (11), a fourth cross section (12) and a fifth cross section (13) of the plate body structure (1) which are vertical to the horizontal plane are respectively arranged, and on the basis of a keel line (5), the plate body structure (1) is formed by sweeping five cross sections, wherein L is the length of the plate body structure (1);
the contraction amplitude of the upper edge in the chamfer rectangle of the first cross section (9) is larger than that of the lower edge, so that the stability of the high-speed water surface aircraft is improved;
the upper edge of the chamfer rectangle of the second cross section (10) is smaller in contraction amplitude than the lower edge, so that the wetting area of the bottom of the plate body structure (1) is reduced, and hydrodynamic resistance is reduced.
2. A panel structure for a high speed surface vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
the tail of the plate body rear end (4) is provided with a power module cabin for installing a water jet propeller, and two sides of the plate body rear end (4) shrink upwards around the power module cabin, so that the shrinkage amplitude of the plate body rear end (4) is larger than that of the plate body front end (2), and the wetting area of the plate body structure (1) is reduced, and hydrodynamic resistance during navigation is reduced.
3. A panel structure for a high speed surface vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
the length of the plate body structure (1) is greater than three times the width of the plate body structure (1), and the width of the plate body structure (1) is greater than three times the thickness of the plate body structure (1) so as to reduce hydrodynamic resistance of the plate body structure during navigation;
the length L of the plate body structure (1) is more than 1.2m, and the width B is more than 0.35m, so that the manned requirement is met.
4. A panel structure for a high-speed surface vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the keel line (5) of the plate body structure (1) consists of three sections of straight smooth transition, and comprises a straight line part (6) at the front end of the plate body, a straight line part (7) at the middle part of the plate body and a straight line part (8) at the rear end of the plate body, wherein an included angle alpha between the straight line part (6) at the front end of the plate body and the straight line part (7) at the middle part of the plate body 1 The value range is 0-30 degrees, and the included angle alpha between the straight line part (7) in the middle of the plate body and the straight line part (8) at the rear end of the plate body 2 The value range is 0-10 degrees.
5. A panel structure for a high speed surface vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
the first cross section (9) and the second cross section (10) are of chamfer rectangles, the upper side and the lower side are parallel, the left side and the right side are parallel, and the vertex chamfers are connected by straight lines so as to represent the contraction amplitude of the plate body structure;
in the first cross section (9), the width of the chamfer rectangle is a 1 B, the height is a 2 H, wherein B is the width of the plate body structure (1), H is the thickness of the plate body structure (1), the upper side is taken as a starting point in the clockwise direction, and the lengths of the sides in the chamfer rectangle of the first cross section (9) are respectively a 3 B、a 5 H、a 4 B and a 5 H，a 1 >a 4 >a 3 ；
In the second cross section (10), the width of the chamfer rectangle is b 1 B, the height is B 2 H starting from the upper edge in the clockwise direction, the secondThe length of each side in the chamfer rectangle of the cross section (10) is b 3 B、b 5 H、b 4 B and B 5 H，b 1 >b 3 >b 4 。
6. A panel structure for a high speed surface vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
the third cross section (11) is positioned at the widest position of the plate body structure (1) and is a chamfer rectangle, the chamfer rectangle has the width of B and the height of H, the upper side in the clockwise direction is taken as the starting point, and the lengths of the sides in the chamfer rectangle of the third cross section (11) are respectively c 1 B、c 3 H、c 2 B and c 3 H，1>c 1 >c 2 。
7. A panel structure for a high speed surface vehicle according to claim 1, wherein,
the boss (18) is arranged at the center of the lower edge of the chamfer rectangle, the boss (18) and the bottom edge of the chamfer rectangle are connected into a chamfer by adopting a straight line segment, so that the two sides of the rear end (4) of the plate body are kept in a contracted state, and the boss (18) is used for installing a water spraying propeller.
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