CN116087525A - Preparation method of microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip for detecting Tau protein in real time - Google Patents

Preparation method of microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip for detecting Tau protein in real time Download PDF

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CN116087525A
CN116087525A CN202211437512.5A CN202211437512A CN116087525A CN 116087525 A CN116087525 A CN 116087525A CN 202211437512 A CN202211437512 A CN 202211437512A CN 116087525 A CN116087525 A CN 116087525A
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tau protein
substrate
microcavity
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solution
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徐春祥
孙建丽
石增良
张心怡
封牧雨
罗春杉
华健宇
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Southeast University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip capable of detecting Tau protein in real time, which comprises the following steps: preparing a composite microcavity substrate; evaluating the performance of the substrate; constructing an immune signal probe; and (3) specificity recognition detection of Tau protein. According to the invention, PS microspheres modified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are fixed on a silicon substrate through Polydopamine (PDA) to be used as an immunocapture chip. By using R6G as a Raman signal molecule, the electromagnetic field is enhanced through the cooperative coupling of the optical limiting property of the PS microcavity and the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) effect of AuNPs, the enhancement of the interaction of light and substances is promoted, and the Raman detection signal of the substrate is improved.

Description

Preparation method of microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip for detecting Tau protein in real time
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a SERS biological sensing chip, in particular to a preparation method of a microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip for detecting Tau protein in real time.
Background
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a relatively common neurodegenerative disease in clinic, and researches show that Tau protein is a key driving factor of Alzheimer's disease. At present, the SERS biological sensing technology is the most hopeful technical means for realizing field detection due to the advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, no biological damage, simple operation and the like. Typically, SERS enhancement is the result of a combination of electromagnetic field enhancement and chemical enhancement. Electromagnetic enhancement is based on local surface plasmon resonance of metals such as gold, silver, copper, etc. of the nanostructure to achieve surrounding local electromagnetic field amplification, and chemical enhancement is derived from chemical interactions between SERS substrates and probe molecules. Noble metal nanoparticles as SERS substrates exhibit ultra-high sensitivity in enhancing the Raman signal of the analyte, amplifying the Raman signal to 10 15 And is hopeful to become an important tool for single molecule detection. Wherein, the noble metal gold nanoparticle shows high SERS sensitivity due to the fact that electromagnetic hot spots below 10nm can be limited in a structural gap. As molecules adsorb at the hot spots, raman scattered light can be electromagnetically enhanced by coupling with surface plasmons. However, the need to develop a SERS sensor with a strong enhancement factor, stability, uniformity and reproducibility requires a highly efficient SERS substrate. Many of the most advanced SERS substrates suffer from poor uniformity mainly due to uneven hot spot distribution, which results in a disordered raman signal, which makes the study particularly challenging.
In recent years, three-dimensional structures have been used to increase the density of metal nanostructures supporting LSPR, not only to provide more hot spots and binding sites for probe molecules, but also to increase the stability of the substrate signal. Wherein the optical microcavity confines light by continuous total internal reflection within a circular path around the periphery of the resonant cavity, enhancing the interaction between light and a substance, is used to enhance the electromagnetic field in a SERS sensing system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip for detecting Tau protein in real time.
The high-density AuNPs are uniformly coated on the surface of the PS optical microsphere, and the integral enhancement of the Raman spectrum is realized by utilizing the cooperative coupling of the optical confinement of the PS microcavity and the LSPR effect of the AuNPs.
The invention can modify PS/AuNPs composite microsphere on the silicon substrate, effectively combine with Raman signal probe, and realize instant detection of Tau protein. According to the invention, PS microspheres modified by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are fixed on a silicon substrate through Polydopamine (PDA) to be used as an immunocapture chip. By using R6G as a Raman signal molecule, the electromagnetic field is enhanced through the cooperative coupling of the optical limiting property of the PS microcavity and the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) effect of AuNPs, the enhancement of the interaction of light and substances is promoted, and the Raman detection signal of the substrate is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a preparation method of a microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip for detecting Tau protein in real time, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite microcavity substrate;
(2) Evaluating the performance of the substrate;
(3) Constructing an immune signal probe;
(4) And (3) specificity recognition detection of Tau protein.
The PS microspheres modified by AuNPs are uniformly distributed on a silicon substrate by utilizing the adhesiveness of polydopamine; then carrying out biological modification on the substrate to ensure that the Tau protein monoclonal antibody I is coated on the surface of the composite microsphere first to construct an immunosensor chip; then constructing a Raman signal probe, completing antigen-antibody reaction through specific recognition, and combining the Raman signal probe on a chip; and finally, carrying out signal detection on the obtained sandwich immune composite structure chip by utilizing a Raman spectrometer. The sandwich immune composite structure chip constructed by the invention fully utilizes the light limiting property of the PS microcavity and the LSPR effect cooperative coupling of AuNPs to strengthen the electromagnetic field, promote the enhancement of the interaction of light and substances and improve the Raman detection signal of the substrate.
In the step (1), the silicon wafer substrate is cleaned and dried, the cleaned silicon wafer is bombarded by oxygen plasma, hydrophilic treatment is carried out, the hydrophilic silicon wafer is soaked in dopamine hydrochloride solution, an equal volume of Tris-HCl buffer solution is added, after the reaction, a polydopamine film is formed on the substrate, and PS/AuNPs composite microsphere solution synthesized through the cradle reaction is directly dripped on the treated PDA silicon wafer, so that the composite microcavity substrate is obtained.
Further, in the step (2), a Raman signal molecule R6G is selected to be located at 1361cm -1 The strongest raman peak at the location evaluates the enhancement effect of the chip.
Further, in the step (3), R6G solution is taken and added into colloidal gold, the mixture is subjected to shaking table reaction, the solution is centrifuged to remove excessive R6G, and sediment is resuspended in pure water to obtain R6G/AuNPs compound; then adding the Tau protein monoclonal antibody II into the R6G/AuNPs complex, fully reacting, centrifuging to remove the free Tau protein monoclonal antibody II; adding BSA solution for blocking, centrifuging to remove free BSA, washing with ultrapure water for 3 times under the same condition, and finally re-suspending the precipitate in the pure water to obtain the R6G/AuNPs labeled Tau monoclonal antibody II to obtain the immune signal probe.
Further, in the step (4), a Tau protein monoclonal antibody I is dripped on a chip, incubation is carried out, non-specific binding sites are passivated, target Tau protein stock solution antigens are diluted to different concentrations, the target Tau protein stock solution antigens are dripped on the chip respectively, incubation is carried out, a signal probe solution with the same volume is dripped on the chip, incubation is carried out, target Tau protein identification is completed, and signal detection is carried out by using a Raman spectrometer.
The detection method mainly comprises the preparation of a microcavity structure SERS substrate, the construction of a signal probe, the modification of biomolecules and the specific recognition reaction, and particularly,
the SERS substrate preparation process comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning a silicon wafer substrate, removing organic pollutants on the surface of the substrate, and then washing with ultrapure water and drying. And bombarding the cleaned silicon wafer by oxygen plasma to carry out hydrophilic treatment. And then soaking the hydrophilic silicon wafer in a dopamine hydrochloride solution to form a layer of Polydopamine (PDA) film on the substrate. The PS/AuNPs composite microsphere is synthesized by a shaking table reaction mode.
The signal probe construction process comprises the following steps: adding colloidal gold into R6G solution, dissolving in PBS solution to obtain monodisperse R6G marked AuNPs, fixing Tau protein monoclonal antibody II on the R6G marked AuNPs through hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction, fully mixing, blocking the surface binding site of nano particles by BSA, centrifuging, and re-suspending to obtain AuNPs/R6G marked Tau protein monoclonal antibody II, and obtaining an immune signal probe.
The biomolecule-modifying and specific recognition reaction comprises the following steps: a certain amount of Tau protein monoclonal antibody I is dripped on the chip, and the chip is washed after incubation for a period of time. And (3) dripping BSA onto the chip, passivating the non-specific binding sites, and ensuring the accuracy of the detection result. And then the chips are washed by PBS and ultrapure water in turn. And finally, placing the prepared composite microcavity immunocapture chip in a refrigerator at the temperature of 4 ℃ for standby. Based on the specific recognition effect between the target antigen and the corresponding antibody, diluting the target Tau protein stock solution antigen into different concentrations, respectively dripping the target Tau protein stock solution antigen onto a chip, incubating, and flushing with PBS and ultrapure water; and then, taking the solution prepared in the step of the same volume (signal probe construction) and dripping the solution on a chip, incubating, and flushing with PBS and ultrapure water to finish the identification of the target Tau protein. And finally, detecting signals by using a Raman spectrometer.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention fully utilizes the light limiting field property of the microcavity structure and the LSPR effect cooperative coupling of AuNPs to strengthen the electromagnetic field, promote the enhancement of the interaction between light and substances and improve the Raman signal of the substrate;
(2) Meanwhile, a sandwich immune chip based on a microcavity structure is developed, SERS detection technology and biological technology are combined, and the integrated chip is assembled on a portable microchip, so that trace and high-sensitivity instant detection of Tau protein in blood samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease is realized;
(3) The method of the invention leads the enhancement factor to reach 3.8X10 9 The SERS sensing performance is greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the method has better specificity and stability, and can be used as an effective diagnostic tool for ultra-sensitively detecting the AD markers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a PS/AuNPs composite microcavity substrate chip of example 1;
FIG. 2 shows SERS signals of different base chips of example 1;
FIG. 3 shows SERS spectra of (a) different concentrations of R6G and (b) 1361cm of example 1 -1 A plot of SERS intensity versus log R6G concentration.
Detailed Description
The preparation method of the microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip capable of detecting Tau protein in real time in the embodiment.
(1) Preparing a composite microcavity substrate: sequentially soaking a silicon wafer substrate (0.5 cm multiplied by 0.5 cm) in acetone and ethanol, respectively ultrasonically cleaning for 10min, removing organic pollutants on the surface of the substrate, and then washing with ultrapure water and drying. And bombarding the cleaned silicon wafer by oxygen plasma, and performing hydrophilic treatment with the power of 60W for 5min. Then soaking a hydrophilic silicon wafer in 5mg/mL dopamine hydrochloride solution for 1h, adding an equal volume of 10mM Tris-HCl buffer solution, fully mixing, reacting for 1h at room temperature, washing with ultrapure water, airing, forming a layer of Polydopamine (PDA) film on a substrate, directly dripping 15 mu L of PS/AuNPs composite microsphere solution synthesized through a shaking table reaction on the treated PDA silicon wafer, and obtaining the composite microcavity substrate. As shown in FIG. 1, auNPs are uniformly coated on the surface of a PS optical microcavity, and PS/AuNPs composite microspheres are densely fixed on the surface of a silicon wafer, so that an excellent SERS substrate is provided.
(2) Substrate performance evaluation: to verify the raman signal enhancement effect of an optical microcavity-based SERS-active chip, raman signal molecules were located at the R6G positionAt 1361cm -1 The strongest raman peak at that point was chosen to evaluate the enhancement effect of the chip. As shown in FIG. 2, three different substrates of Si, si-Au, si-PS-Au were used as SERS platforms to detect R6G, R6G (10 -3 M) is hardly visible on a smooth Si substrate, the SERS signal is enhanced to some extent by modifying AuNPs on Si sheets. When PS microspheres are further introduced, a significant signal enhancement effect is achieved, with the raman intensity of R6G on the Si-PS-Au substrate being about 10 times that on the Si-Au substrate. Meanwhile, the substrate is subjected to relevant experiments and computational characterization of the enhancement factors. As shown in FIG. 3, the enhancement factor is 3.8X10 9
(3) Constructing an immune signal probe: 200 mu L of 1mM R6G is added into 10mL of colloidal gold solution, and the mixture is subjected to shaking reaction for 2 hours at 37 ℃ and 200 rpm; centrifuging the solution at 5000rpm for 10min to remove excess R6G, and re-suspending the precipitate in pure water to obtain R6G/AuNPs complex; 100uL 10mg/mL of Tau protein monoclonal antibody II was added to 1mL of R6G/AuNPs complex, reacted well for 2 hours, centrifuged at 5000rpm for 10min to remove free Tau protein monoclonal antibody II, blocked by 1mL of 1% BSA solution for 20min, centrifuged at 5000rpm for 10min to remove free BSA, washed with ultra pure water for 3 times under the same conditions, and finally the precipitate was resuspended in pure water to obtain R6G/AuNPs labeled Tau monoclonal antibody II.
(4) Specificity recognition detection of Tau protein: 15uL of 0.2mg/mL of Tau protein monoclonal antibody I was added dropwise to the chip, and the mixture was incubated at 4℃for 48 hours and then rinsed. And 20uL BSA is dripped on the chip to passivate the non-specific binding sites, so that the accuracy of the detection result is ensured. And then the chips are washed by PBS and ultrapure water in turn. Based on the specific interaction between the target antigen and the corresponding antibody, diluting the target Tau protein stock solution antigen into different concentrations of 10000pg/mL,1000pg/mL,100pg/mL,10pg/mL,5pg/mL,1pg/mL and 0.1pg/mL, respectively taking 15uL, dripping on a chip, incubating for 20min, and flushing with PBS and ultrapure water; and (3) then taking the same volume of the signal probe solution prepared in the step (3), dripping the signal probe solution on a chip, incubating for 20min, and flushing with PBS and ultrapure water to complete the identification of the target Tau protein. Finally, signal detection was performed using a Raman spectrometer (785 nm;10s;20x;1.0% power).

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of a microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip capable of detecting Tau protein in real time is characterized by comprising the steps of,
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a composite microcavity substrate;
(2) Evaluating the performance of the substrate;
(3) Constructing an immune signal probe;
(4) And (3) specificity recognition detection of Tau protein.
2. The method for preparing the microcavity structured high-sensitivity SERS chip capable of detecting Tau protein in real time according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a silicon wafer substrate is cleaned and dried, the cleaned silicon wafer is bombarded by oxygen plasma, hydrophilic treatment is carried out, the hydrophilic silicon wafer is soaked in dopamine hydrochloride solution, and then an equal volume of Tris-HCl buffer solution is added, after the reaction, a layer of polydopamine film is formed on the substrate, and PS/AuNPs composite microsphere solution synthesized through a shaking table reaction is directly dripped on the treated PDA silicon wafer, so that the composite microcavity substrate is obtained.
3. The method for preparing a microcavity structured high-sensitivity SERS chip capable of detecting Tau protein in real time as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), raman signal molecules R6G are selected to be located at 1361cm -1 The strongest raman peak at the location evaluates the enhancement effect of the chip.
4. The method for preparing a microcavity structured high-sensitivity SERS chip capable of detecting Tau protein in real time according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), R6G solution is taken and added into colloidal gold, a shaking table is used for reaction, the solution is centrifuged to remove excessive R6G, and sediment is resuspended in pure water to obtain R6G/AuNPs compound; then adding the Tau protein monoclonal antibody II into the R6G/AuNPs complex, fully reacting, centrifuging to remove the free Tau protein monoclonal antibody II; adding BSA solution for blocking, centrifuging to remove free BSA, washing with ultrapure water for 3 times under the same condition, and finally re-suspending the precipitate in the pure water to obtain the R6G/AuNPs labeled Tau monoclonal antibody II to obtain the immune signal probe.
5. The method for preparing the microcavity structured high-sensitivity SERS chip capable of detecting Tau protein in real time according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), a Tau protein monoclonal antibody I is dripped on the chip, incubation is carried out, nonspecific binding sites are passivated, target Tau protein stock solution antigens are diluted into different concentrations, the target Tau protein stock solution antigens are dripped on the chip respectively, incubation is carried out, a signal probe solution with the same volume is dripped on the chip, incubation is carried out, target Tau protein identification is completed, and signal detection is carried out by utilizing a Raman spectrometer.
CN202211437512.5A 2022-11-16 2022-11-16 Preparation method of microcavity structure high-sensitivity SERS chip for detecting Tau protein in real time Pending CN116087525A (en)

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