CN116087470A - XRD-based soil body expansion pressure testing device under salinity field change - Google Patents
XRD-based soil body expansion pressure testing device under salinity field change Download PDFInfo
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- CN116087470A CN116087470A CN202310059412.1A CN202310059412A CN116087470A CN 116087470 A CN116087470 A CN 116087470A CN 202310059412 A CN202310059412 A CN 202310059412A CN 116087470 A CN116087470 A CN 116087470A
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- distilled water
- expansion pressure
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 53
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/207—Diffractometry using detectors, e.g. using a probe in a central position and one or more displaceable detectors in circumferential positions
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil expansion, in particular to a soil expansion pressure testing device under salinity field change based on XRD. The device comprises a display control unit, a salinity field regulating unit, an expansion pressure unit and a regulating unit, wherein the display control unit is respectively connected with the expansion pressure unit and the salinity field regulating unit, the expansion pressure unit is arranged on the regulating unit, the salinity field regulating unit is connected with the expansion pressure unit, and the salinity field regulating unit comprises a water tank, a salt solution inlet valve and a distilled water inlet valve. The method can monitor the expansion change pressure of the expansive soil under different salinity and the inter-crystal distance of the montmorillonite, provide the optimal type of salt solution for the expansive soil and determine the optimal concentration of the salt solution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil expansion, in particular to a soil expansion pressure testing device under salinity field change based on XRD.
Background
The expansive soil has the characteristics of adsorptivity, expansibility and the like because the main mineral component of the expansive soil is montmorillonite, and is often used as a candidate material of a buffering and backfilling material of a multi-barrier system, and is used as a buffering material in underground storage of nuclear waste or used as an impermeable isolation layer in the landfill process, so that the expansion pressure and deformation of the expansive soil need to be ensured within a safer range, and the safety is ensured.
Groundwater around deep geological reservoirs of nuclear waste typically contains certain ionic components that are absorbed by the buffer backfill material as it penetrates the surrounding rock into the reservoir, thereby increasing the pore water concentration of the expansive soil. When the expansive soil absorbs the salt solution of potassium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and the like, the expansive soil is subjected to Na + 、K + 、Mg 2+ 、Ca 2+ The influence of the plasma cation exchange reaction, and different cations enter the smectite layers, the expansion potential energy can be weakened to a large extent through the cation exchange reaction. Such as K + Can be embedded into holes formed by oxygen atoms of silicon oxygen tetrahedron in montmorillonite, so that the crystal layers are tightly combined to reduce the distance between the crystal layers, thereby reducing the water absorption performance and further obviously reducing the expansion performance of bentonite.
At present, a common soil expansion device is used for calculating the condition that soil permeates clear waterThe expansion pressure and the expansion displacement are not considered to be the influence of the factors of the practical groundwater salt solution and the inter-crystal distance d of the montmorillonite on the microcosmic scale 001 The change accounts for the expansion deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a soil expansion pressure testing device based on XRD under the change of a salinity field, which can monitor the expansion change pressure of the expansion soil under different salinity and the crystal spacing of montmorillonite, provide the optimal type of saline solution for the expansion soil and determine the optimal concentration of the saline solution.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a soil body inflation pressure testing arrangement under salinity field change based on XRD, includes shows accuse unit, salinity field regulation and control unit, inflation pressure unit and regulating unit, shows accuse unit and is connected with inflation pressure unit, salinity field regulation and control unit respectively, and inflation pressure unit sets up on regulating unit, and salinity field regulation and control unit is connected with inflation pressure unit, and salinity field regulation and control unit includes water tank, salt solution case, salt solution import valve and distilled water import valve.
In the invention, the expansion pressure unit comprises a top plate, a middle plate, a stainless steel sample ring and a bottom plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of X-ray reserved slits are arranged in the middle of the middle plate, a notch is arranged in the middle of the bottom plate, a distilled water inlet and a saline solution inlet are respectively arranged on the side surface of the bottom plate, the distilled water inlet is connected with the notch through a distilled water inlet pipe arranged in the bottom plate, a distilled water inlet valve is arranged at the joint of the distilled water inlet and the notch, the saline solution inlet is connected with the notch through a saline solution inlet pipe arranged in the bottom plate, and a saline solution inlet valve is arranged at the joint of the saline solution inlet pipe and the notch;
the notch is connected with the back pressure mechanism arranged on the upper portion of the bottom plate through a saline solution inlet pipe, the back pressure mechanism comprises a liquid pressurizing tank, a confining pressure sensor, an oil tank and a confining pressure pump, a saline solution seepage pipe is arranged in the liquid pressurizing tank, the bottom of the saline solution seepage pipe is connected with the saline solution inlet pipe, a saline solution inlet pipe valve is arranged in the saline solution inlet pipe, the liquid pressurizing tank is connected with a water tank, a distilled water valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the liquid pressurizing tank and the water tank, the confining pressure pump is connected with the liquid pressurizing tank, and a plurality of saline solution outlets are connected on the saline solution seepage pipe.
The distilled water inlet is connected with the water tank through a connecting pipeline, and the saline solution inlet is connected with the saline solution tank through a connecting pipeline.
The stainless steel sample ring is internally provided with an expansive soil sample, filter paper and a stainless steel net are sequentially arranged between the stainless steel sample ring and the bottom plate from top to bottom, a plurality of salinity detection points are arranged on the stainless steel sample ring, and the salinity detection points are respectively connected with the EC detector and the soil resistivity meter.
Beryllium plates and anti-corrosion materials are sequentially arranged between the middle plate and the stainless steel sample ring from top to bottom, and the incidence angle theta of the X-ray beam is adjusted by controlling a switch pk The incident X-ray beam is injected into an expansive soil sample in the stainless steel sample ring through the X-ray reserved slit and the beryllium plate, the expansive soil sample diffracts the X-ray beam, and the data detector absorbs the diffracted X-ray beam.
And a top plate is arranged above the middle plate and is connected with the displacement sensor.
The adjusting unit comprises a bearing platform, a liftable mobile platform and a pressure sensor, wherein the bottom plate is fixedly arranged on the bearing platform, two guide posts are arranged at the top of the bearing platform, two ends of the horizontal sliding beam are sleeved on the guide posts in a sliding mode, the mobile platform is fixed on the bottom surface of the horizontal sliding beam through a connecting rod, the pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod, and the pressure sensor is located right above the top plate.
The confining pressure sensor is used for adjusting working pressure of the confining pressure pump, and the oil tank is used for providing hydraulic oil for action of the confining pressure pump.
The display control unit comprises a data acquisition instrument which is respectively connected with a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, an EC detector, a land resistivity instrument, a control switch, a data detector, a salt solution inlet valve, a distilled water inlet valve, a salt solution inlet pipe valve, a distilled water valve and a confining pressure sensor.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The salt solution environment which is closer to the groundwater permeable expansive soil is manufactured by the joint action of the salt solution, distilled water, the EC detector and the soil resistivity meter;
(2) The change curve of the expansion pressure and the expansion displacement of the expansive soil with the corresponding salinity along with the time can be obtained through the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor, the law of the expansion pressure and the expansion displacement about the time and the salinity is obtained, and the mechanical property of the sample is evaluated.
(3) The purpose of measuring one sample for multiple times can be achieved by gradually increasing the salinity of the soil, and compared with the existing measuring method, the method omits complicated operation work and greatly improves the working efficiency;
(4) XRD experiment can be directly carried out on the device to obtain the inter-crystal spacing d of montmorillonite 001 The change condition and the macroscopic expansion pressure are mutually proved, so that the experiment is more accurate.
In conclusion, the method can monitor the expansion pressure change of the expansive soil under different salinity and the inter-crystal distance d of the montmorillonite 001 The change in expansion displacement is fully explained microscopically. By selecting expansive soil samples under different salinity, the real expansion behavior of the expansive soil in the device is reflected, and a reference is provided for the actual expansive soil to serve as a buffering backfill material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an expansion pressure unit in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention when performing X-ray tests;
figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the counter-pressure mechanism of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 a mobile platform, 2 a pressure sensor, 3 a top plate, 4 a displacement sensor, 5X-ray reserved slits, 6 a middle plate, 7 a beryllium plate, 8 an anti-corrosion material, 9 a stainless steel sample ring, 10 filter paper, 11 a stainless steel net, 12 an EC detector, 13 a land resistivity meter, 14 a distilled water inlet, 15 a saline solution inlet, 16 a bearing platform, 17 a data acquisition meter, 18 a water tank, 19 a saline solution tank, 20 a bottom plate, 21 a notch, 22 a control switch, 23 a data detector, 24 salinity detection points, 25 a saline solution inlet pipe, 26 a saline solution inlet valve, 27 a distilled water inlet valve, 28 a back pressure mechanism, 29 a saline solution inlet pipe valve, 30 a saline solution outlet and 31 a distilled water valve; a 32 confining pressure sensor; 33 oil tanks; 34 surrounding pressure pumps; a 35 liquid pressurization tank; 36 salt solution water seepage pipe.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
In the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than those herein described, and those skilled in the art may readily devise numerous other arrangements that do not depart from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the soil expansion pressure testing device based on XRD (X-ray diffraction) under salinity field change comprises a display control unit, a salinity field regulating unit, an expansion pressure unit and an adjusting unit, wherein the display control unit is respectively connected with the expansion pressure unit and the salinity field regulating unit, and is used for controlling the salinity field and displaying data, and the display control unit in the application comprises a data acquisition instrument 17. The expansion pressure unit is arranged on the adjusting unit, and the salinity field adjusting unit is connected with the expansion pressure unit. The salinity field control unit comprises a water tank 18, a saline solution tank 19, a saline solution inlet valve 26 and a distilled water inlet valve 27, and the water tank 18 and the saline solution tank 19 are respectively connected with an expansion pressure unit.
As shown in fig. 3, the expansion pressure unit includes a top plate 3, an intermediate plate 6, a stainless steel sample ring 9, and a bottom plate 20, which are disposed in this order from top to bottom, the bottom plate 20 being fixedly disposed on the carrying platform 16. The middle part of bottom plate 20 is equipped with notch 21, is equipped with distilled water import 14 and saline solution import 15 respectively on the side of bottom plate 20, and distilled water import 14 is connected with water tank 18 through connecting line, and distilled water import 14 is connected with notch 21 through the distilled water inlet channel that sets up in bottom plate 20, and the junction of distilled water inlet and notch is equipped with distilled water import valve 27, whether the distilled water gets into notch 21 and the distilled water volume in the entering notch through distilled water import valve 27 control. The salt solution inlet 15 is connected with the salt solution box 19 through a connecting pipeline, the salt solution inlet 15 is connected with the notch 21 through a salt solution water inlet pipeline arranged in the bottom plate 20, a salt solution inlet valve 26 is arranged at the joint of the salt solution water inlet pipeline and the notch, and whether salt solution enters the notch 21 or not and the amount of salt solution entering the notch are controlled through the salt solution inlet valve 26. After distilled water and salt solution enter the notch 21, the distilled water and the salt solution are fully mixed in the notch 21, and the concentration of the mixed salt solution is monitored in real time through the data acquisition instrument 17, so that the salt solution with the required concentration is obtained.
The slot 21 is connected via a saline feed line 25 to a counter-pressure mechanism 28 arranged in the upper part of the floor. As shown in fig. 5, the back pressure mechanism 28 includes a liquid pressurizing tank 35, a confining pressure sensor 32, an oil tank 33 and a confining pressure pump 34, a salt solution seepage pipe 36 is arranged in the liquid pressurizing tank 35, the bottom of the salt solution seepage pipe 36 is connected with the salt solution inlet pipe 25, a salt solution inlet pipe valve 29 is arranged in the salt solution inlet pipe 25, and whether the mixed salt solution enters the back pressure mechanism 28 is controlled by the salt solution inlet pipe valve 29. The liquid pressurizing tank 35 is connected with the water tank 18 through a connecting pipeline, the distilled water valve 31 is arranged on the connecting pipeline, the distilled water valve 31 is opened, and distilled water in the water tank 18 is introduced into the liquid pressurizing tank 35 until the distilled water fills the whole liquid pressurizing tank 35. Meanwhile, the confining pressure sensor 32 is used for adjusting the confining pressure pump 34, the oil tank 33 is used for providing hydraulic oil for the action of the confining pressure pump 34, the confining pressure pump 34 is used for delivering water into the liquid pressurizing tank 35 for pressurizing, distilled water in the liquid pressurizing tank is pressurized to 20KPa, so that pressure difference is formed between the saline solution in the saline solution inlet pipe 25 and the distilled water in the back pressure mechanism 28, and a plurality of saline solution outlets 30 are connected to the saline solution seepage pipe. After the salt solution inlet pipe valve 29 is opened, under the action of positive pressure difference, the salt solution in the salt solution inlet pipe 25 can be sucked into the salt solution infiltration pipe 36; after the salt solution inlet valve 29 is closed, the confining pressure pump 34 is adjusted to work in a constant pressure mode, and the salt solution in the salt solution infiltration pipe 36 is uniformly infiltrated into the sample above by using the pressure difference. The back pressure mechanism 28 is connected with the data acquisition instrument 17, and the pressure of the distilled water in the back pressure mechanism 28 is monitored in real time through the data acquisition instrument 17, so that the pressure of the distilled water is controlled.
The stainless steel sample ring 9 is internally provided with an expansive soil sample, the filter paper 10 and the stainless steel net 11 are sequentially arranged between the stainless steel sample ring 9 and the bottom plate 20 from top to bottom, salt solution conveyed by the back pressure mechanism sequentially penetrates into the expansive soil sample in the stainless steel sample ring 9 through the stainless steel net 11 and the filter paper 10, the filter paper 10 and the stainless steel net 11 play a buffering role, the pressure of the salt solution output by the back pressure mechanism is reduced, and damage of higher pressure to the expansive soil sample is prevented. The stainless steel sample ring 9 is provided with a plurality of salinity detection points 24, in this embodiment, an upper salinity detection point 24 and a lower salinity detection point 24 are respectively connected with the EC detector 12 and the soil resistivity meter 12, the electrical conductivity of the expansive soil sample is detected by the EC detector 12, the electrical resistivity of the expansive soil sample is detected by the soil resistivity meter 12, and the salinity of the expansive soil sample can be obtained by the detected electrical conductivity and electrical resistivity.
Be equipped with beryllium board 7 and anticorrosive material 8 in proper order from top to bottom between intermediate lamella 6 and the stainless steel sample ring 9, the middle part of intermediate lamella 6 is equipped with the X ray reservation slit 5 that can make the X ray pass through, and wherein beryllium board 7 is used for transmitting X ray, and anticorrosive material 8 is used for preventing that moist expansive soil corrodes beryllium board 7. As shown in FIG. 4, the incident angle θ of the X-ray beam is adjusted by controlling the switch 22 pk The incident X-ray beam is injected into an expansive soil sample in a stainless steel sample ring 9 through an X-ray reserved slit 5 and a beryllium plate 7, the expansive soil sample diffracts the X-ray beam, in the process of detecting by utilizing X-rays, the emission of the X-ray beam is controlled by a control switch 22, the diffracted X-ray beam is absorbed by a data detector 23, diffraction signals of different angles 2 theta are collected, and the diffraction signals of the angle theta are recorded in the following range pk Diffraction peaks can be obtained at the positions, and the inter-crystal distance d of the montmorillonite is calculated 001 。
A top plate 3 is arranged above the middle plate 6, the top plate 3 is connected with a displacement sensor 4, and the expansion displacement of the expansive soil sample can be measured through the displacement sensor 4.
The adjusting unit comprises a bearing platform 16, a movable platform 1 and a pressure sensor 2, wherein the movable platform 1 and the pressure sensor 2 are liftable, the expansion pressure unit is placed on the bearing platform 16, two guide posts are arranged at the top of the bearing platform 16, two ends of a horizontal sliding beam are sleeved on the guide posts in a sliding mode, the movable platform 1 is fixed on the bottom surface of the horizontal sliding beam through a connecting rod, the pressure sensor 2 is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod, and the pressure sensor 2 is located right above the top plate 3. In the process that the horizontal sliding beam moves up and down along the guide post, the movable platform 1 is driven to move up and down, so that the contact degree between the pressure sensor 2 and the top plate 3 is controlled, and in the process that the movable platform and the pressure sensor 2 move up and down, the zeroing setting of the pressure sensor 2 is realized. In the experimental process, the expansion pressure of the expansive soil sample is detected by the pressure sensor 2.
The procedure for performing the experiment using the apparatus is as follows. Firstly, the expansive soil to be measured is dried at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, then static compaction is carried out in a stainless steel sample ring 9 according to a certain dry density by a jack, and a bottom plate 20, a stainless steel net 11, filter paper 10, the stainless steel sample ring 9 with expansive soil samples, an anticorrosive material 8, a beryllium plate 7, an intermediate plate 6 and a top plate 3 are placed on a bearing platform 16 in sequence. Then, the pressure sensor 2 at the bottom of the connecting rod is driven by the lifting moving platform 1, so that the pressure sensor 2 just contacts the top plate 3, and the expansion pressure detected by the pressure sensor 2 and the expansion displacement detected by the displacement sensor 4 are just zero. Next, the salt solution inlet valve 26 and the distilled water inlet valve 27 in the bottom plate 20 are opened, the water inflow of the water tank 18 and the salt solution inflow of the salt solution tank 19 are respectively controlled by the data acquisition instrument 17, after distilled water and salt solution are fully mixed in the notch to reach the required salt solution concentration, the salt solution inlet valve 29 is opened, and the salt solution in the notch 21 is uniformly and smoothly permeated into the expansive soil sample by the salt solution sucked in through the salt solution supervision 25 under the action of the pressure difference in the back pressure mechanism 28. In the detection process, the salinity of the soil can be obtained in real time through the EC detector 12 and the soil resistivity meter 13, and meanwhile, the salinity of the soil can be changed according to the inflow of distilled water and the inflow of saline solution, so that an adjustable salinity field is formed, and meanwhile, the expansion pressure of a sample under the corresponding salinity is measured through the pressure sensor 2 connected with the top plate 3, and the expansion displacement under the corresponding salinity is measured through the displacement sensor 4. And determining the rule of the expansion performance of the sample on time and salinity by obtaining the expansion pressure and expansion displacement change curve of the expansion soil under the corresponding salinity along with time.
Finally, the X-ray beam passes through an X-ray reserved slit 5 reserved by an intermediate plate 6 and passes through a beryllium plate 7 to be scanned to an expansive soil sample, and the expansive soil sample passes through a specific incident angle theta pk The molecular structure of the layered silicate may be reflected. By collecting diffraction signals of different angles 2 theta, the diffraction signals are at theta pk Diffraction peaks can be obtained, and the inter-crystal distance d of the montmorillonite can be calculated by introducing the formula (1) 001 。
Wherein λ is the wavelength of the incident wave; θ pk For a particular angle of incidence; d, d 001 Is the inter-crystal distance of montmorillonite.
The salt solution such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride and calcium chloride can stabilize expansive soil and inhibit the inter-crystal spacing expansion of minerals in the soil. With this device, the best type and best content of salt solution is determined by the angle of incidence at different salt solutions, the wavelength-determined change in the spacing of smectite crystals.
The soil expansion pressure testing device based on XRD provided by the invention is described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The device for testing the soil expansion pressure under the salinity field change based on XRD is characterized by comprising a display control unit, a salinity field regulating unit, an expansion pressure unit and a regulating unit, wherein the display control unit is respectively connected with the expansion pressure unit and the salinity field regulating unit, the expansion pressure unit is arranged on the regulating unit, the salinity field regulating unit is connected with the expansion pressure unit, and the salinity field regulating unit comprises a water tank (18), a saline solution tank (19), a saline solution inlet valve (26) and a distilled water inlet valve (27).
2. The soil body expansion pressure testing device under the change of the salinity field based on XRD according to claim 1, wherein the expansion pressure unit comprises a top plate (3), a middle plate (6), a stainless steel sample ring (9) and a bottom plate (20) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a plurality of X-ray reserved slits (5) are arranged in the middle of the middle plate (6), a notch (21) is arranged in the middle of the bottom plate (20), a distilled water inlet (14) and a saline solution inlet (15) are respectively arranged on the side surface of the bottom plate (20), the distilled water inlet (14) is connected with the notch (21) through a distilled water inlet pipeline arranged in the bottom plate (20), a distilled water inlet valve (27) is arranged at the joint of the distilled water inlet and the notch, the saline solution inlet (15) is connected with the notch (21) through a saline solution inlet pipeline arranged in the bottom plate (20), and a saline solution inlet valve (26) is arranged at the joint of the saline solution inlet pipeline and the notch;
notch (21) are connected with back pressure mechanism (28) of setting in bottom plate upper portion through saline solution advance pipe (25), back pressure mechanism (28) are including liquid pressurization jar (35), enclose pressure sensor (32), oil tank (33) and enclose pressure pump (34), be equipped with saline solution infiltration pipe (36) in liquid pressurization jar (35), the bottom and the saline solution of saline solution infiltration pipe (36) advance pipe (25) and are connected, be equipped with saline solution advance pipe valve (29) in saline solution advance pipe (25), liquid pressurization jar (35) are connected with water tank (18), be equipped with distilled water valve (31) on the connecting line of liquid pressurization jar (35) and water tank (18), enclose pressure pump (34) are connected with liquid pressurization jar (35), be connected with several saline solution export (30) on the saline solution infiltration pipe.
3. The soil body expansion pressure testing device based on XRD (X-ray diffraction) according to claim 1, wherein the distilled water inlet (14) is connected with the water tank (18) through a connecting pipeline, and the saline solution inlet (15) is connected with the saline solution tank (19) through a connecting pipeline.
4. The soil body expansion pressure testing device under the salinity field change based on XRD according to claim 1, wherein an expansion soil sample is contained in the stainless steel sample ring (9), filter paper (10) and a stainless steel net (11) are sequentially arranged between the stainless steel sample ring (9) and the bottom plate (20) from top to bottom, a plurality of salinity detection points (24) are arranged on the stainless steel sample ring (9), and the salinity detection points are respectively connected with the EC detector (12) and the soil resistivity meter (13).
5. The XRD-based soil expansion pressure testing device under salinity field change according to claim 1, wherein a beryllium plate (7) and an anti-corrosion material (8) are sequentially arranged between the middle plate (6) and the stainless steel sample ring (9) from top to bottom, and the incidence angle theta of the X-ray beam is adjusted by controlling a switch pk The incident X-ray beam is injected into an expansive soil sample in the stainless steel sample ring (9) through the X-ray reserved slit (5) and the beryllium plate (7), the expansive soil sample diffracts the X-ray beam, and the diffracted X-ray beam is absorbed by the data detector (23).
6. The soil body expansion pressure testing device based on XRD (X-ray diffraction) under salinity field change according to claim 1, wherein a top plate (3) is arranged above the middle plate (6), and the top plate (3) is connected with a displacement sensor (4).
7. The soil body expansion pressure testing device under salinity field change based on XRD according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting unit comprises a bearing platform (16), a liftable moving platform (1) and a pressure sensor (2), a bottom plate (20) is fixedly arranged on the bearing platform (16), two guide posts are arranged at the top of the bearing platform (16), two ends of a horizontal sliding beam are slidably sleeved on the guide posts, the moving platform (1) is fixed on the bottom surface of the horizontal sliding beam through a connecting rod, the pressure sensor (2) is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod, and the pressure sensor (2) is located right above a top plate (3).
8. The soil body expansion pressure testing device based on XRD (X-ray diffraction) according to claim 1, wherein the confining pressure pump (34) is respectively connected with a confining pressure sensor (32) and an oil tank (33), the confining pressure sensor (32) regulates the working pressure of the confining pressure pump (34), and the oil tank (33) provides hydraulic oil for the action of the confining pressure pump (34).
9. The soil body expansion pressure testing device based on XRD (X-ray diffraction) under salinity field change according to claim 1, wherein the display control unit comprises a data acquisition instrument (17), and the data acquisition instrument (17) is respectively connected with a pressure sensor (2), a displacement sensor (4), an EC detector (12), a soil resistivity instrument (13), a control switch (22), a data detector (23), a saline solution inlet valve (26), a distilled water inlet valve (27), a saline solution inlet valve (29), a distilled water valve (31) and a confining pressure sensor (32).
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