CN116085572A - A Pipeline Low-Frequency Noise Control Device Based on Electroacoustic Coupling - Google Patents
A Pipeline Low-Frequency Noise Control Device Based on Electroacoustic Coupling Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
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Abstract
Description
本申请是发明名称为“一种基于电声耦合的管道低频噪声控制装置”的分案申请,其中母案的申请号为202110046347.X,申请日为2021.01.14。This application is a divisional application titled "A Device for Controlling Low-Frequency Noise in Pipelines Based on Electroacoustic Coupling", in which the application number of the parent application is 202110046347.X, and the filing date is 2021.01.14.
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种噪声控制装置,具体地说是管道噪声控制装置。The invention relates to a noise control device, in particular to a pipeline noise control device.
背景技术Background technique
管道噪声控制方法,主要分为主动控制和被动控制两种。主动控制方法主要利用声波相互叠加的原理进行噪声控制,系统的结构比较复杂,需要一定时间才能达到系统稳定,适用的工作场景比较受限。被动控制方法已经发展多年,得到广泛的应用,其可以有效消除中高频噪声。根据噪声控制原理,若将被动控制装置应用于低频噪声控制,则其消声频带较窄,且装置的尺寸受到声波波长的限制,通常尺寸较大。Pipeline noise control methods are mainly divided into active control and passive control. The active control method mainly uses the principle of superposition of sound waves for noise control. The structure of the system is relatively complicated, and it takes a certain amount of time to achieve system stability, and the applicable working scenarios are relatively limited. Passive control methods have been developed for many years and are widely used, which can effectively eliminate medium and high frequency noise. According to the principle of noise control, if the passive control device is applied to low-frequency noise control, the anechoic frequency band will be narrow, and the size of the device is limited by the wavelength of the sound wave, usually larger.
Herschel-Quincke(H-Q)管是较典型的低频、被动控制消声装置,其利用声音在主管路与旁通管路之间传播的声程差,使得声音在主、旁管路交汇处的声波存在相位差从而达到消声效果。公开的专利CN101956884A描述了一种可调节H-Q管旁通管路的半主动式装置,拓宽了传统H-Q管装置的有效吸声带宽,使消声装置在中低频都有较好的吸声效果,但是这种装置将传统H-Q管路复杂化,添加了控制器等器件,使得消声装置体积变大,且可变长的复杂旁支管路的密封性也是工程中的难题。若将H-Q管用于低频噪声控制时,其低频性能受到旁支管路长度的限制,即若要消除低频噪声,旁支管路的长度必须很长。The Herschel-Quincke (H-Q) tube is a typical low-frequency, passive control muffler device, which uses the sound path difference between the main pipeline and the bypass pipeline to make the sound waves of the sound at the intersection of the main pipeline and the bypass pipeline There is a phase difference to achieve the noise reduction effect. The published patent CN101956884A describes a semi-active device that can adjust the H-Q tube bypass line, which broadens the effective sound absorption bandwidth of the traditional H-Q tube device, so that the noise reduction device has a better sound absorption effect in the middle and low frequencies. However, this device complicates the traditional H-Q pipeline, adding controllers and other devices, which makes the volume of the muffler larger, and the sealing of the variable-length complex bypass pipeline is also a difficult problem in engineering. If the H-Q tube is used for low-frequency noise control, its low-frequency performance is limited by the length of the bypass pipeline, that is, to eliminate low-frequency noise, the length of the bypass pipeline must be very long.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供在特定频带消声效果的一种基于电声耦合的管道低频噪声控制装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a pipeline low-frequency noise control device based on electro-acoustic coupling with noise reduction effect in a specific frequency band.
本发明的目的是这样实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
本发明提供一种基于电声耦合的管道低频噪声控制装置,包括上游扬声器、下游扬声器和耦合电路,噪声控制的主管段包括上游的进气管段、中部的消声管段和下游的出口管段,消声管段分别设置上游扬声器和下游扬声器,上游扬声器和下游扬声器通过耦合电路相连,消声管段的管壁上设置有滑轨,下游扬声器安装在一个可移动的侧板上,侧板能够沿着管壁上的滑轨作横向平移运动。The invention provides a pipeline low-frequency noise control device based on electro-acoustic coupling, which includes an upstream speaker, a downstream speaker and a coupling circuit. The acoustic tube section is provided with an upstream speaker and a downstream speaker respectively, and the upstream speaker and the downstream speaker are connected through a coupling circuit. Slide rails are provided on the tube wall of the muffler tube section, and the downstream speaker is installed on a movable side plate, which can move along the tube The slide rail on the wall makes lateral translational movement.
优选地,滑动侧板沿滑轨运动进而调整上游扬声器和下游扬声器之间的间距,使得上游扬声器和下游扬声器之间的间距与共振频率相匹配,上游扬声器和下游扬声器之间的间距等于共振频率对应的波长的(2N-1)/2倍,其中,N为正整数。Preferably, the sliding side plate moves along the slide rails to adjust the distance between the upstream speaker and the downstream speaker, so that the distance between the upstream speaker and the downstream speaker matches the resonance frequency, and the distance between the upstream speaker and the downstream speaker is equal to the resonance frequency (2N-1)/2 times the corresponding wavelength, where N is a positive integer.
优选地,上游扬声器和下游扬声器之间的间距等于共振频率对应的半波长。Preferably, the distance between the upstream loudspeaker and the downstream loudspeaker is equal to half the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency.
优选地,噪声进入主管段后分为两路,第一路直接经上游的进气管段、中部的消声管段传递到下游扬声器处,第二路到达上游扬声器表面引起振膜振动,产生感应电动势,下游扬声器因通有感生电流而发声,两路声波在下游扬声器处汇合,产生相消干涉。Preferably, the noise is divided into two paths after entering the main pipe section. The first path is directly transmitted to the downstream speaker through the upstream air intake pipe section and the middle muffler pipe section, and the second path reaches the surface of the upstream speaker to cause vibration of the diaphragm and generate induced electromotive force. , the downstream speaker emits sound due to the induced current, and the two sound waves converge at the downstream speaker to produce destructive interference.
优选地,上游扬声器和下游扬声器外部均布置有密封的背腔。Preferably, sealed back chambers are arranged outside the upstream speaker and the downstream speaker.
优选地,上游扬声器和下游扬声器均为动圈扬声器。Preferably, both the upstream speaker and the downstream speaker are dynamic speakers.
本发明的优势在于:本发明可以克服传统H-Q管固定结构,消声频带单一的缺点。并且利用电声耦合特性,创造主、旁管路间的声程差,提高消声装置的灵活性,缩小结构尺寸。The advantage of the present invention is that: the present invention can overcome the disadvantages of the traditional H-Q tube fixed structure and single noise reduction frequency band. Moreover, the electro-acoustic coupling feature is used to create the sound path difference between the main and side pipelines, improve the flexibility of the muffler, and reduce the structural size.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为下游扬声器处两路声波交汇叠加的示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the intersection and superposition of two sound waves at the downstream speaker;
图2为本发明的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图3为当两个扬声器间距离为1m时装置的传递损失。Figure 3 shows the transmission loss of the device when the distance between the two loudspeakers is 1m.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述:The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing example:
结合图1-3,本发明一种基于电声耦合的管道低频噪声控制装置包括主管段、上游扬声器3、背腔2、耦合电路4、下游扬声器5、背腔6、侧板7和限位块9,主管段包括上游的进气管段1、中部的消声管段和下游的出口管段8。Referring to Figures 1-3, an electro-acoustic coupling based pipeline low-frequency noise control device of the present invention includes a main pipe section, an upstream speaker 3, a back cavity 2, a coupling circuit 4, a
入射声波从主管段的进气管段1进入消声管段之后,从出口管段8传出,入射声波的幅值被降低。其中靠近进气管段1处有一个上游扬声器3布置在主管道的侧面,上游扬声器3背面有一密闭的背腔2,通过耦合电路4将上游扬声器3与下游扬声器5相连。消声管段的管壁上设置有滑轨,下游扬声器5安装在一个可移动的侧板7上,侧板可沿着管壁的滑轨作横向平移运动,下游扬声器5背面有一密闭的背腔6。限位块9设置于出口管段8的管壁上,限位块用于对侧板7靠近出口管段8的一端进行限位。上游扬声器3和下游扬声器5均为动圈扬声器。上下游扬声器均可更换,针对不同的噪声源特性可选择与之最适配的扬声器,即噪声源的峰值频率对应于选用扬声器的共振频率。消声装置属于被动消声装置,系统无外部能量的输入。两个或多个动圈扬声器沿管道内噪声的传递方向顺次放置。扬声器组之间通过耦合电路进行连接。扬声器组的位置参数和耦合电路参数可调,从而实现对不同频带噪声的覆盖。After the incident sound wave enters the muffler pipe section from the inlet pipe section 1 of the main pipe section, it is transmitted from the outlet pipe section 8, and the amplitude of the incident sound wave is reduced. There is an upstream loudspeaker 3 arranged on the side of the main pipe near the intake pipe section 1, and a closed back cavity 2 is arranged on the back of the upstream loudspeaker 3, and the upstream loudspeaker 3 is connected to the
两个扬声器通过耦合电路相连,两扬声器构成与主管段并联的等效旁通管段,进气管段1和出口管段8分别位于主管段两端。噪声进入主管段后分为两路,一路到达上游扬声器3表面引起振膜振动,产生感应电动势,进而在两个耦合的扬声器回路内形成感生电流,下游扬声器5因通有感生电流而发声,另一路直接通过主管段传递到下游扬声器5处。两路声波最终在下游扬声器5处汇合,由于两路声波的传递相位不同,会产生相消干涉,最终汇合后向下游传播的噪声降低(如附图1所示)。与此同时,下游扬声器5被安装在一个可沿滑轨滑动的侧板7上。因此,下游扬声器5的位置是可调的,这提供了另外一种调节主管段和等效旁通管段之间声程差的措施。The two speakers are connected through a coupling circuit, and the two speakers form an equivalent bypass pipe section connected in parallel with the main pipe section, and the intake pipe section 1 and the outlet pipe section 8 are respectively located at both ends of the main pipe section. After the noise enters the main pipe section, it is divided into two paths, and one path reaches the surface of the upstream speaker 3, causing the diaphragm to vibrate, generating an induced electromotive force, and then forming an induced current in the two coupled speaker circuits, and the
扬声器组外部布置有密封的背腔,以防止扬声器向外部环境漏声。A sealed back cavity is arranged outside the speaker group to prevent the speaker from leaking sound to the external environment.
由声学知识可知,当两列具有相同波长、相同振幅的声波相遇时,声波会相互叠加,如果两列声波相位差为180°,或者表示为两列声波相差半波长的奇数倍时,则两列声波的波峰波谷会正好相遇,互相抵消,产生消声的效果,这也是主动噪声控制所遵循的机理。在本发明中,从进气管段1中传入并行驶到上游扬声器3处声波的波峰或波谷会激起扬声器振膜的振动,在扬声器内部产生感应电动势,使得与其相连的下游扬声器5发声。因电路传输的迅速,因此扬声器系统相当于将上游扬声器3处的声波立刻传至下游处,几乎没有时间的延迟。这样,基于声波的叠加原理,当两个扬声器间的距离L正好等于波长的(2N-1)/2倍时(N=1,2,3…),刚好达到消声的效果。根据声波叠加的理论,两个扬声器间距离L等于(4N-3,4N-1)/4倍波长时,都具有一定的消声效果,只是当距离正好等于(2N-1)/2倍波长时,消声效果最好。本发明的设计可使两扬声器间距离L随侧板的位置移动而变化(如附图2),即可以使下游扬声器5的位置随着侧板移动到相应位置,从而获得对应频段的最佳消声效果。According to the knowledge of acoustics, when two columns of sound waves with the same wavelength and the same amplitude meet, the sound waves will superimpose each other. The peaks and troughs of the sound waves will exactly meet and cancel each other out, resulting in the effect of noise reduction, which is also the mechanism followed by active noise control. In the present invention, the crest or trough of the sound wave that is introduced from the intake pipe section 1 and travels to the upstream speaker 3 will excite the vibration of the speaker diaphragm, and an induced electromotive force will be generated inside the speaker to make the
本发明的降噪效果计算方法如下所述。The noise reduction effect calculation method of the present invention is as follows.
动圈扬声器的机械阻抗可以表示为:Zm=δ+jωM+K/jω+A2/jωCa The mechanical impedance of a dynamic speaker can be expressed as: Z m = δ+jωM+K/jω+A 2 /jωC a
其中Ca=V/ρ0c0 2为扬声器背部密封腔室增加的等效声抗,V为背腔的容积,A为扬声器振膜表面的有效振动面积,ω为角频率,是虚数,ρ0、c0为空气的密度和空气中的声速。K为扬声器机械部分的等效刚度,M为扬声器机械部分的等效质量,δ为扬声器机械部分的等效阻尼。Where C a =V/ρ 0 c 0 2 is the equivalent acoustic reactance added by the sealed cavity on the back of the speaker, V is the volume of the back cavity, A is the effective vibration area of the speaker diaphragm surface, ω is the angular frequency, is an imaginary number, ρ 0 and c 0 are the density of air and the speed of sound in air. K is the equivalent stiffness of the mechanical part of the speaker, M is the equivalent mass of the mechanical part of the speaker, and δ is the equivalent damping of the mechanical part of the speaker.
因此扬声器的共振频率可以表示为: So the resonant frequency of the loudspeaker can be expressed as:
当两个扬声器相连构成闭合回路时,回路内的电阻抗会产生等效的机械阻抗ΔZ=(Bl)2/2(Re+jωLe)。When two loudspeakers are connected to form a closed loop, the electrical impedance in the loop will produce an equivalent mechanical impedance ΔZ=(Bl) 2 /2(R e +jωL e ).
其中Re为扬声器的直流电阻,Le为音圈电感,Bl为磁场间隙的磁感应强度与音圈在磁场中的有效线长的乘积(单位:T*m)。Where Re is the DC resistance of the speaker, Le is the inductance of the voice coil, and Bl is the product of the magnetic induction of the magnetic field gap and the effective line length of the voice coil in the magnetic field (unit: T*m).
因此产生的等效阻抗作用在扬声器系统的等效阻尼和等效质量上,使得扬声器的共振频率发生偏移变为: The resulting equivalent impedance acts on the equivalent damping and equivalent mass of the loudspeaker system, causing the resonance frequency of the loudspeaker to shift to:
采用的动圈扬声器,测得其机械阻抗特性的Thiele/Small参数有:阻尼δ=1.67Ns/m,质量M=6.5g,刚度K=1000N/m。因此根据理论公式,相连后的系统内单一扬声器的共振频率为fL=170Hz。在共振频率处,传到扬声器振膜表面的声波更容易激起振膜的振动,从而完成声能量的传输,因此在共振频率范围处的消声效果也最好。The Thiele/Small parameters of the mechanical impedance characteristic of the dynamic speaker used are: damping δ=1.67Ns/m, mass M=6.5g, stiffness K=1000N/m. Therefore, according to the theoretical formula, the resonant frequency of a single loudspeaker in the connected system is f L =170 Hz. At the resonant frequency, the sound wave transmitted to the surface of the speaker diaphragm is more likely to excite the vibration of the diaphragm, thereby completing the transmission of sound energy, so the noise reduction effect at the resonant frequency range is also the best.
针对本发明选用扬声器的特性,滑动下游处侧板以调整两扬声器间的间距,使得两扬声器间间距与共振频率相匹配,即间距等于共振频率对应的半波长。以该位置为例,对本发明做详细说明。In view of the characteristics of the selected speakers in the present invention, slide the downstream side plate to adjust the distance between the two speakers, so that the distance between the two speakers matches the resonance frequency, that is, the distance is equal to the half-wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency. Taking this position as an example, the present invention will be described in detail.
配合本发明选用扬声器的固有特性,将安装有下游扬声器5的下游侧板移置L=c0/(2fL)位置,使得该消声装置在该频率处获得最佳的消声效果。Cooperating with the inherent characteristics of the speaker selected in the present invention, the downstream side plate installed with the
根据控制原理,可得管路的噪声控制情况:According to the control principle, the noise control of the pipeline can be obtained as follows:
以消声量大于5分贝dB评价有效的消声效果,从计算结果附图3中显示的有效消声频段与理论预测的消声频段基本相符。The effective noise reduction effect is evaluated by the noise reduction amount greater than 5 decibels dB. From the calculation results, the effective noise reduction frequency band shown in Figure 3 is basically consistent with the theoretically predicted noise reduction frequency band.
通过以上分析可以看出该消声装置在低频段具有较好的吸声效果。From the above analysis, it can be seen that the noise reduction device has a good sound absorption effect in the low frequency band.
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