CN116079018A - Method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting - Google Patents
Method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN116079018A CN116079018A CN202310049717.4A CN202310049717A CN116079018A CN 116079018 A CN116079018 A CN 116079018A CN 202310049717 A CN202310049717 A CN 202310049717A CN 116079018 A CN116079018 A CN 116079018A
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/07—Lubricating the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/108—Feeding additives, powders, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
- B22D11/182—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level by measuring temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/18—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring
- B22D11/181—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level
- B22D11/183—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for pouring responsive to molten metal level or slag level by measuring molten metal weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/20—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for removing cast stock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting, which adopts the following process: uniformly coating a layer of graphite oil on the surface of a crystallizer copper plate before casting by a casting machine, and increasing the tapping temperature of a head furnace to the liquidus temperature+ (91-96) DEG C; after pouring the large ladle, pouring for 100 seconds, opening a stopper rod to perform pouring for the middle ladle when the tonnage of the middle ladle is 15-20 tons, and if pouring for 100 seconds but the tonnage of the middle ladle is lower than 15 tons, prolonging pouring time of the large ladle until the tonnage of the middle ladle is 15-20 tons, and opening the stopper rod to perform pouring for the middle ladle; after molten steel passes through the diversion holes of the invasive water gap, pouring slag is used, and when the pouring slag is completely melted, special casting powder for high-carbon steel is added; after the casting machine starts, cleaning cold steel and foreign matters around the invasive water gap in time; the pulling speed of the casting machine is increased from starting pulling speed of 0.3m/min to 0.6m/min, the pulling speed is stopped for 2-3 min, then the pulling speed is increased to 0.8m/min, the pulling speed is stopped for 2-3 min, and finally the target pulling speed is increased. The method can effectively reduce the generation of floccule cold steel and effectively prevent the generation of casting adhesion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy continuous casting, in particular to a method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being cast and bonded.
Background
The high-carbon steel has the characteristics of low high-temperature tensile strength, poor high-temperature plasticity, large segregation of impurity elements and the like, the effective blank shell thickness is small in the solidification process of the crystallizer, and under the action of the hydrostatic pressure of molten steel, the solidified blank shell is easy to adhere to the wall of the crystallizer, so that a casting machine rod is stopped to cause blank throwing and even steel leakage accidents. For example, in the river steel bearing plate and strip department No. 1 continuous casting machine, steel leakage accidents caused by adhesion during multi-start casting occur during the production of high-carbon steel 30MnB5, and the mass production and quality improvement of the steel grade are severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being cast and bonded, so as to effectively avoid steel leakage accidents.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: uniformly coating a layer of graphite oil on the surface of a crystallizer copper plate before casting by a casting machine, and increasing the tapping temperature of a head furnace to the liquidus temperature+ (91-96) DEG C; after pouring the large ladle, pouring for 100 seconds, opening a stopper rod to perform pouring for the middle ladle when the tonnage of the middle ladle is 15-20 tons, and if pouring for 100 seconds but the tonnage of the middle ladle is lower than 15 tons, prolonging pouring time of the large ladle until the tonnage of the middle ladle is 15-20 tons, and opening the stopper rod to perform pouring for the middle ladle; after molten steel passes through the diversion holes of the invasive water gap, pouring slag is used, and when the pouring slag is completely melted, special casting powder for high-carbon steel is added; after the casting machine starts, cleaning cold steel and foreign matters around the invasive water gap in time; the pulling speed of the casting machine is increased from starting pulling speed of 0.3m/min to 0.6m/min, the pulling speed is stopped for 2-3 min, then the pulling speed is increased to 0.8m/min, the pulling speed is stopped for 2-3 min, and finally the target pulling speed is increased.
The graphite oil is a mixture of graphite micro powder and gear lubricating oil, and the mixing mass ratio of the graphite micro powder to the gear lubricating oil=1:3-4. And forming a layer of thin graphite with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm on the surface of the crystallizer copper plate by using graphite oil after casting. The granularity of the graphite micropowder is 0.0001-10 microns.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: the invention effectively reduces the generation of floccule cold steel by adopting the processes of increasing the lubrication of the wall of the crystallizer, improving the temperature of the molten steel of the head furnace, using casting slag and the like; the pulling speed increasing scheme matched with the casting machine is adopted, so that the occurrence of casting adhesion is effectively prevented. The invention effectively avoids the occurrence of adhesion and steel leakage accidents, greatly improves the casting success rate, ensures the quality improvement and mass production of the steel grade, and has good popularization value.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
According to analysis and conclusion, the reason for causing the steel leakage accident caused by repeated pouring and bonding is mainly that the temperature of the molten steel of the head furnace is low, the temperature of the tundish is fast, more flocculent cold steel is initially introduced into the crystallizer and is bonded with the wall of the crystallizer, the cold steel is not removed and treated in time, and the steel leakage accident is finally caused by insufficient lubrication of casting powder and the wall of the crystallizer and too fast speed increase of a casting machine. Therefore, the method for preventing the high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being cast and bonded adopts the following process: (1) Uniformly coating a layer of graphite oil on the surface of a crystallizer copper plate before casting by a casting machine, wherein the thickness is 0.1-0.2 mm; the graphite oil is a mixture of 0.0001-10 microns of graphite micro powder and gear lubricating oil, and the mixing mass ratio is that the graphite micro powder and the gear lubricating oil=1:3-4 (namely 100 g of graphite and 300-400 g of lubricating oil). When the graphite oil is poured into the mold, the high-temperature molten steel is met, after the oil on the surface of the copper plate of the mold is burnt and volatilized, a layer of thin graphite with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm is attached to the surface of the copper plate to play a role in lubrication, and the occurrence of adhesion caused by adhesion between cold steel and the copper plate of the mold during pouring is effectively prevented.
(2) The tapping temperature of the head furnace is increased by 5 to 10 ℃, namely liquidus temperature+ (91 to 96), so that the amount of cold steel which is initially fed into the tundish and the crystallizer can be reduced; the tapping temperature of the subsequent furnace is unchanged. The high-temperature molten steel flows through the long water gap of the ladle, the tundish and the invasive water gap and finally enters the crystallizer, the temperature is reduced by even more than 50 ℃ in the process, the molten steel close to the liquidus line can be quickly converted into solid state, and the molten steel is extremely easy to adhere to the wall of the crystallizer, so that the production of cold steel can be reduced by properly improving the superheat degree of the molten steel.
(3) After pouring the big ladle, the main control reports the time for seconds, and when the time is reported to 100 seconds and the tonnage of the tundish is 15-20 tons, the stopper is gently opened to perform pouring operation; when the abnormal condition is detected, the time is 100 seconds, the tonnage of the tundish is lower than 15 tons, the pouring of the large ladle is prolonged for 5 seconds to 10 seconds, the tonnage of the tundish reaches 15 tons to 20 tons, and then a stopper rod is opened lightly to perform pouring operation.
(4) After molten steel passes through the diversion holes of the invasive water gap, casting slag is used; aluminum powder is contained in the casting slag, and the aluminum powder is contacted with the liquid surface of molten steel to rapidly react and release heat, so that the surface temperature of the molten steel in the crystallizer is increased to melt cold steel, the probability of adhesion between the cold steel and the wall of the crystallizer is reduced, and the heat release effect is achieved.
(5) When the casting powder slag is completely melted, namely the casting powder slag is changed from black to red, and the special casting powder slag for high-carbon steel is timely added.
(6) After the casting machine starts, the cold steel and foreign matters around the invasive water gap are cleaned in time, and the influence factors of adhesion are thoroughly eliminated.
(7) The pulling speed of the casting machine is 0.3m/min from the starting pulling speed, the pulling speed is slowly increased to 0.6m/min for 2-3 min, and the pulling speed is stopped for 2-3 min at 0.6 m/min; then the speed is increased to 0.8m/min for 3 to 5min, and the pulling speed is 0.8m/min and the stop is carried out for 2 to 3min; and then matching proper pulling speed according to the superheat degree. During the speed increasing process of the casting machine, the cold steel on the surface of the molten steel of the crystallizer is found and cleaned in time.
(8) The method is applicable to all medium and high carbon series steel grades, and the size of the steel billet is 900-1500 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 12000mm.
Example 1: the method for preventing the high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting adopts the following specific process.
And producing steel billets with the steel grade of 30MnB5, the cross section width of the crystallizer of the casting machine being 1350mm, the thickness being 200mm and the length being 12000mm.
After the section of the crystallizer is regulated, a layer of graphite oil is uniformly coated on the surface of a copper plate of the crystallizer by using a rolling brush, wherein the graphite oil is a mixture of graphite micro powder with the granularity of 0.0001-10 microns and gear lubricating oil, the mixing volume ratio is 1:3, and a layer of thin graphite with the thickness of 0.2mm is attached on the surface of the copper plate of the crystallizer before casting. The liquidus temperature of 30MnB5 steel grade is 1509 ℃, the process control plan requires that the tapping temperature LF of the head furnace be 1595 ℃ after refining, the LF is contacted in advance, and the tapping temperature is required to be increased to 1600 ℃. And when the ladle is opened for 100 seconds, the tonnage of the tundish is 15 tons, the temperature of molten steel is measured to be 1568 ℃, and a stopper rod is opened to perform tundish opening. After molten steel passes through the diversion holes of the invasive water gap, adding casting slag and removing cold steel; and adding the special casting powder for the 30MnB5 steel grade in time after the casting powder is completely melted. After the casting machine starts, the cold steel and foreign matters around the invasive water gap are cleaned in time. The pulling speed of the casting machine is slowly increased to 0.6m/min from the starting pulling speed to 2min and stopped for 2min, then the pulling speed is increased to 0.8m/min and stopped for 2min for 3min, and finally the pulling speed is slowly increased to the target pulling speed; during the speed increasing process of the casting machine, the cold steel on the surface of the molten steel of the crystallizer is found and cleaned in time.
According to tracking, in the casting process of the casting machine, flocculent cold steel does not appear in the crystallizer, bonding does not occur, casting is successfully started smoothly, the surface quality of a casting blank is good, and batch production of casting times is successfully completed.
Example 2: the method for preventing the high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting adopts the following specific process.
Producing steel billet with the steel grade of 30MnB5-Cr, the section width of the crystallizer of the casting machine being 1500mm, the width being 200mm and the length being 12000mm.
After the section of the crystallizer is regulated, a layer of graphite oil is uniformly coated on the surface of a copper plate of the crystallizer by using a rolling brush, wherein the graphite oil is a mixture of graphite micro powder with the granularity of 0.0001-10 microns and gear lubricating oil, the mixing volume ratio is 1:4, and a layer of thin graphite with the thickness of 0.1mm is attached on the surface of the copper plate of the crystallizer after casting. The liquidus temperature of 30MnB5-Cr steel grade is 1509 ℃, the process control plan requires that the tapping temperature LF of the head furnace be 1595 ℃ after refining, the LF is contacted in advance, and the tapping temperature is required to be 1605 ℃. When the ladle is opened for 100s, the tonnage of the ladle is lower than 14.8 tons, the ladle is continuously poured for 10s, the tonnage of the ladle reaches 17 tons, the measured molten steel temperature of the ladle is 1577 ℃, and the stopper rod is opened to perform the ladle opening. After molten steel passes through the diversion holes of the invasive water gap, adding casting slag and removing cold steel; and adding the special casting powder for the 30MnB5 steel grade in time after the casting powder is completely melted. After the casting machine starts, the cold steel and foreign matters around the invasive water gap are cleaned in time. The pulling speed of the casting machine is slowly increased to 0.6m/min from the starting pulling speed to 3min and stopped for 3min at 3min, then increased to 0.8m/min at 5min and stopped for 3min, and finally slowly increased to the target pulling speed; during the speed increasing process of the casting machine, the cold steel on the surface of the molten steel of the crystallizer is found and cleaned in time.
According to tracking, in the casting process of the casting machine, flocculent cold steel does not appear in the crystallizer, bonding does not occur, casting is successfully started smoothly, the surface quality of a casting blank is good, and batch production of casting times is successfully completed.
Example 3: the method for preventing the high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting adopts the following specific process.
Producing steel billet with the steel grade of 30MnB5-Cr, the section width of the crystallizer of the casting machine being 1500mm, the width being 200mm and the length being 12000mm.
After the section of the crystallizer is regulated, a layer of graphite oil is uniformly coated on the surface of a copper plate of the crystallizer by using a rolling brush, wherein the graphite oil is a mixture of graphite micro powder with the granularity of 0.0001-10 microns and gear lubricating oil, the mixing volume ratio is 1:3.5, and thin graphite with the thickness of 0.15mm is attached on the surface of the copper plate of the crystallizer after casting. The liquidus temperature of 30MnB5-Cr steel grade is 1509 ℃, the process control plan requires that the tapping temperature LF of the first furnace after refining is 1595 ℃, LF is contacted in advance, and the tapping temperature is required to be increased to 1603 ℃. And when the ladle is opened for 100 seconds, the tonnage of the tundish is 20 tons, the temperature of molten steel measured by the tundish is 1574 ℃, and a stopper rod is opened to perform tundish opening. After molten steel passes through the diversion holes of the invasive water gap, adding casting slag and removing cold steel; and adding the special casting powder for the 30MnB5 steel grade in time after the casting powder is completely melted. After the casting machine starts, the cold steel and foreign matters around the invasive water gap are cleaned in time. The pulling speed of the casting machine is increased from the starting pulling speed to 0.3m/min, the time is 2.5min, the time is increased to 0.6m/min, the time is stopped for 2.5min, the time is increased to 0.8m/min, the time is stopped for 2.5min, and finally the casting machine is slowly increased to the target pulling speed; during the speed increasing process of the casting machine, the cold steel on the surface of the molten steel of the crystallizer is found and cleaned in time.
According to tracking, in the casting process of the casting machine, flocculent cold steel does not appear in the crystallizer, bonding does not occur, casting is successfully started smoothly, the surface quality of a casting blank is good, and batch production of casting times is successfully completed.
Counting cases: according to statistics, before the method is adopted, a 30MnB5 steel 78 furnace is cast, wherein flocculent cold steel appears in a 8-furnace crystallizer, a bonding phenomenon occurs in a 6-furnace, and a steel leakage accident occurs in a 2-furnace. After the method is adopted, a 30MnB5 steel 168 furnace is cast, wherein flocculent cold steel appears in a 1 furnace crystallizer, a bonding phenomenon occurs in a 0 furnace, and a steel leakage accident occurs in the 0 furnace. Therefore, the method effectively reduces the generation of floccule cold steel and effectively prevents the accidents of pouring adhesion and steel leakage.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly coating a layer of graphite oil on the surface of a crystallizer copper plate before casting by a casting machine, and increasing the tapping temperature of a head furnace to the liquidus temperature+ (91-96) DEG C; after pouring the large ladle, pouring for 100 seconds, opening a stopper rod to perform pouring for the middle ladle when the tonnage of the middle ladle is 15-20 tons, and if pouring for 100 seconds but the tonnage of the middle ladle is lower than 15 tons, prolonging pouring time of the large ladle until the tonnage of the middle ladle is 15-20 tons, and opening the stopper rod to perform pouring for the middle ladle; after molten steel passes through the diversion holes of the invasive water gap, pouring slag is used, and when the pouring slag is completely melted, special casting powder for high-carbon steel is added; after the casting machine starts, cleaning cold steel and foreign matters around the invasive water gap in time; the pulling speed of the casting machine is increased from starting pulling speed of 0.3m/min to 0.6m/min, the pulling speed is stopped for 2-3 min, then the pulling speed is increased to 0.8m/min, the pulling speed is stopped for 2-3 min, and finally the target pulling speed is increased.
2. A method of preventing high carbon steel 30MnB5 open casting adhesion as defined in claim 1, wherein: the graphite oil is a mixture of graphite micro powder and gear lubricating oil, and the mixing mass ratio is graphite micro powder to gear lubricating oil=1:3-4.
3. A method of preventing high carbon steel 30MnB5 open casting adhesion as defined in claim 1, wherein: and forming a layer of thin graphite with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm on the surface of the crystallizer copper plate by using graphite oil after casting.
4. A method of preventing high carbon steel 30MnB5 open casting adhesion according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the granularity of the graphite micropowder is 0.0001-10 microns.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310049717.4A CN116079018A (en) | 2023-02-01 | 2023-02-01 | Method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310049717.4A CN116079018A (en) | 2023-02-01 | 2023-02-01 | Method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116079018A true CN116079018A (en) | 2023-05-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310049717.4A Pending CN116079018A (en) | 2023-02-01 | 2023-02-01 | Method for preventing high-carbon steel 30MnB5 from being bonded by casting |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116079018A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-02-01 CN CN202310049717.4A patent/CN116079018A/en active Pending
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