CN116074414A - Wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning, which comprises the following steps: an encoder section, a channel simulation section, a decoder section, a random interference generator section, an interference feature extraction section, and a subcarrier restriction section. The invention realizes reliable communication under the severe condition of cross-protocol interference. The encoder end automatically adjusts the modulation mode of the signal according to the interference in the current environment, so that the encoder end has the capacity of resisting the interference, and the decoder of the self-encoder is used at the receiving end to restore the transmitted signal. The interference characteristic extractor and the subcarrier constrainer loaded at the encoder and decoder end are used for guiding the encoder to perform adaptive modulation mode control, so that different modulation modes are adopted for coping with different kinds of interference, and the effect of environmental adaptation is achieved. The design has strong universality, and can find a universal and effective anti-interference communication mode, so that the communication of a large number of Internet of things devices is guided, and support is provided for the development of the Internet of things field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication technology, in particular to a wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning.
Background
In the age of the internet of things, the object of communication extends from a person to an object, which means that the diversity of network equipment is greatly increased, and the network equipment can be a smart phone or a bus card. Meanwhile, as application scenes are diversified, network environments become highly dynamic and complex, and communication modes are increasingly diversified.
In the patent document with publication number of CN113746628A, a physical layer key generation method and system based on deep learning are disclosed, by collecting the estimated value pairs of the channels of legal communication parties from both legal communication parties in the coherent time, the estimated value pairs respectively obtained by both legal communication parties are fused to obtain a pair of training data, a plurality of pairs of training data are obtained in a plurality of coherent time, a key generation network is established between both communication parties, and the key generation network comprises a feature extraction network and a decoding network; training a key generation network by using training data to realize network deep learning training, completing the training of the key generation network by sharing the pearson correlation coefficient and the mean value of each dimension of the consistent feature vector output by the feature extraction network of the two communication parties, generating the feature vector by using the trained key generation network according to the communication value, and quantizing the generated feature vector by using a key quantization algorithm to obtain a key sequence of the two communication parties.
Existing communication technologies are typically based on a more idealized and stiff network model, and it is difficult to achieve reliable transmission in highly dynamic and complex scenarios. Taking the physical layer of communication as an example, to implement wireless signal transmission, the primary task is to model a channel. As network environments become more complex, so too does the mathematical model used to describe the channel, from the initial free space transmission model to the final space-time channel model, the channel model needs to take into account path fading, shadowing, multipath effects, doppler phenomena, and the effects of multiple antennas on the channel at the same time. In addition to the interference between mass devices today, this makes the channel more difficult to estimate, and one cannot find an accurate mathematical model to describe and characterize the highly dynamic and complex channel. With the advent of the "ai+" age, this patent provided a channel modeling using a deep learning model (based on a self-encoder) instead of the traditional mathematical model. The method for adapting the channel model to the continuously-changing channel environment guides the Internet of things equipment to conduct high-reliability communication under the condition of interference.
Therefore, a new solution is needed to improve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning.
The invention provides a wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning, which comprises an encoder, a channel simulator, a decoder, a random interference generator, an interference feature extractor and a subcarrier constrainer, wherein the encoder is used for generating a random interference signal;
the encoder encodes and power constrains the signal according to the transmitted signal and the input interference characteristics;
the channel simulator superimposes the output of the encoder and the random interference generator in training to simulate the effect existing in a real channel;
the decoder decodes according to the interference characteristics of the output and input of the encoder through channel simulation;
the interference feature extractor performs feature extraction on the interference according to the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation;
the random interference generator is used as an interference source to simulate various interference possibly occurring in the environment;
the subcarrier constrainer constrains subcarriers output by the encoder according to the input interference information.
Preferably, the coding of the coder is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer and a full connection layer of a neural network, performs dimension transformation on an input signal, and modulates the signal on each subcarrier, wherein the output dimension is equal to the number of subcarriers;
the power constraint normalizes the encoded output and constrains the transmission power.
Preferably, the normalization refers to the maximum value of the signal amplitude on each subcarrier divided by the signal amplitude on that subcarrier.
Preferably, the effects in the channel simulator include carrier frequency offset CFO, sampling frequency offset SFO, gaussian noise, frequency conversion, pulse shaping.
Preferably, the decoding in the decoder performs a dimensional transformation on the input based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a full connection layer and a regularization layer of the neural network, and outputs the transmitted signal.
Preferably, the feature extraction of the interference feature extractor comprises an interference feature extraction before the encoder and a feature extraction before the decoder;
the feature extraction is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a pooling layer and a full-connection layer of the neural network, performs dimension transformation on input interference, and searches for low-dimensional representation of an interference signal.
Preferably, the pre-encoder interference feature extractor uses the system error rate as constraint training, and the pre-decoder interference feature extractor uses the system error rate and the pre-encoder interference feature extractor output as constraint training;
the input of the interference feature extractor before the encoder and the input of the interference feature extractor before the decoder are staggered in time, and the features irrelevant to the interference and the time are extracted.
Preferably, the output of the interference feature extractor is connected to the encoder and decoder, directing the encoder and decoder to synchronize the encoder and decoder information.
Preferably, the subcarrier constraint is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer and a full connection layer of the neural network, and the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation is input, the subcarrier frequency band selection vector of the encoder is output, and the subcarrier frequency band selection vector is multiplied with the encoder output.
Preferably, the subcarrier band selection vector dimension is the same as the encoder output and only contains a 0/1 vector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
through the design, the invention realizes reliable communication under the severe condition of cross-protocol interference; the method has strong universality, and can find a universal and effective anti-interference communication mode, so that the communication of a large number of Internet of things equipment is guided, and support is provided for the development of the Internet of things field.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the depth self-encoder based wireless communication physical layer architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of interference generated by the random interference generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of simulated training effects;
FIG. 4 is an input interference constellation;
fig. 5 is a constellation diagram of the encoder output.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning, which comprises an encoder, a channel simulator, a decoder, a random interference generator, an interference feature extractor and a subcarrier constrainer, wherein the encoder is used for generating a random interference signal; the encoder encodes and power constrains the signal according to the transmitted signal and the input interference characteristics; the channel simulator superimposes the outputs of the encoder and the random interference generator in training to simulate the effect of the existence of a real channel; the decoder decodes according to the interference characteristics of the output and input of the encoder through channel simulation; the interference feature extractor performs feature extraction on the interference according to the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation; the random interference generator is used as an interference source to simulate various interference which can occur in the environment; the subcarrier constrainer constrains subcarriers output from the encoder according to the input interference information.
The coding of the coder is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer and a full connection layer of a neural network, performs dimension transformation on an input signal, outputs a dimension equal to the number of subcarriers, and modulates the signal on each subcarrier; the power constraint normalizes the encoded output and constrains the transmit power.
Normalization refers to dividing the signal amplitude on each subcarrier by the maximum of the signal amplitude on that subcarrier.
Effects in the channel simulator include carrier frequency offset CFO, sampling frequency offset SFO, gaussian noise, frequency conversion, pulse shaping.
Decoding in the decoder performs dimension transformation on the input based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a full connection layer and a regularization layer of the neural network, and outputs the transmitted signal.
The feature extraction of the interference feature extractor comprises the feature extraction before the encoder and the feature extraction before the decoder; the feature extraction is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a pooling layer and a full-connection layer of the neural network, performs dimension transformation on input interference, and searches for low-dimensional representation of an interference signal.
The method comprises the steps that an interference feature extractor in front of an encoder takes a system error rate as constraint training, and the interference feature extractor in front of the decoder takes the system error rate and the output of the interference feature extractor in front of the encoder as constraint training; the input of the interference feature extractor before the encoder and the input of the interference feature extractor before the decoder are staggered in time, and features irrelevant to the interference are extracted.
The output of the interference feature extractor is connected with the encoder and the decoder, and guides the encoder and the decoder to synchronize the information of the encoder and the decoder.
The subcarrier constraint is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer and a full connection layer of the neural network, and is used for inputting the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation, outputting a subcarrier frequency band selection vector of the encoder and multiplying the subcarrier frequency band selection vector with the output of the encoder.
The subcarrier band select vector dimension is the same as the encoder output and contains only 0/1 of the vector.
Example 2:
according to the invention, the wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning comprises the following steps:
an encoder section, a channel simulation section, a decoder section, a random interference generator section, an interference feature extraction section, and a subcarrier restriction section.
The encoder section: encoding and power constraining the signal according to the transmitted signal and the input interference characteristics;
specifically, the encoding: based on the one-dimensional convolution layer and the full connection layer of the neural network, the dimension transformation is carried out on the input signal, the output dimension is equal to the number of subcarriers, and the modulation of the signal on each subcarrier is equivalent.
The power constraint: the encoded output is normalized to constrain the transmission power.
Specifically, the normalization refers to dividing the signal amplitude on each subcarrier by the maximum of the signal amplitude on that subcarrier.
The channel simulation section: superposition of the outputs of the encoder and the random disturbance generator during training simulates some effects of the real channel presence, including: carrier frequency offset CFO, sampling frequency offset SFO, gaussian noise, frequency conversion, pulse shaping.
The decoder section: decoding according to the interference characteristics of the output and input of the encoder through channel simulation;
specifically, the decoding: similar to the coding structure, the input is transformed in dimensions based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a full connection layer and a regularization layer of the neural network, and the transmitted signals are output. Wherein the regularization layer functions to prevent overfitting of the training process.
The interference feature extractor portion: and extracting the characteristics of the interference according to the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation, wherein the characteristic extraction is divided into the characteristic extraction of the interference before the encoder and the characteristic extraction before the decoder.
Specifically, the feature extraction: based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a pooling layer and a full-connection layer of the neural network, the input interference is subjected to dimension transformation, and the low-dimensional representation of the interference signal is found.
Specifically, the interference feature extraction before the encoder and the interference feature extraction before the decoder have the same network structure, and the difference is that:
the method comprises the steps that an interference feature extractor in front of an encoder takes a system error rate as constraint training, and the interference feature extractor in front of the decoder takes the system error rate and the output of the interference feature extractor in front of the encoder as constraint training;
the input of the pre-encoder interference feature extractor and the pre-decoder interference feature extractor are staggered in time in order to extract the interference-independent features.
Specifically, the output of the interference feature extractor is connected to the encoder and decoder for guiding the encoder and decoder while synchronizing the information of the encoder and decoder.
The random disturbance generator section: as an interference source, various kinds of interference which may occur in the simulation environment include:
Wi-Fi 802.11a/g;
Wi-Fi 802.11b/g;
Wi-Fi 802.11p;
BLE
LTE downlink RMC
LTE uplink RMC
OFDM
the subcarrier constraint part: and constraining the sub-carrier output by the encoder according to the input interference information so as to avoid the sub-carrier frequency band where the interference is located.
Specifically, the subcarrier constraints: based on the one-dimensional convolution layer and the full connection layer of the neural network, the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation is input, the subcarrier frequency band selection vector of the encoder is output, and the subcarrier frequency band selection vector is multiplied with the output of the encoder.
Specifically, the subcarrier frequency band selection vector: the dimensions are the same as the encoder output and only contain 0/1 of the vector.
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning.
The invention provides a wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning, which comprises the following parts:
an encoder section, a channel simulation section, a decoder section, a random interference generator section, an interference feature extraction section, and a subcarrier restriction section.
Part 1: an encoder:
the encoder performs dimension transformation and power constraint on the transmitted signal and the input interference characteristics based on a one-dimensional convolution layer and a full connection layer of the neural network, and the output dimension is equal to the number of subcarriers, which is equivalent to modulating the signal with interference on each subcarrier. Finally, power constraint is carried out: i.e. the encoded output is normalized, i.e. the signal amplitude on each subcarrier is divided by the maximum value of the signal amplitude on that subcarrier to constrain the transmission power.
Part 2: and (3) channel simulation:
the channel simulation part simulates some effects that may exist in a real channel in training and have an influence on communication quality, including carrier frequency offset CFO, sampling frequency offset SFO, gaussian noise, frequency conversion, and pulse shaping.
The specific process is as follows:
and (3) superposing sampling frequency offset SFO on the output (frequency domain) of the encoder, performing IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) to a time domain, performing up-sampling, pulse shaping and up-conversion, and superposing carrier frequency offset CFO and Gaussian noise to a certain extent. This is the output of channel A in FIG. 1.
And (4) carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) on 64-point output (time domain, corresponding to about 5 mu s of transmission time) of the random interference generator, then superposing sampling frequency offset SFO after the FFT is transferred to a frequency domain, then carrying out IFFT to transfer to the time domain, and superposing carrier frequency offset CFO. This is the output of channel C in FIG. 1.
Similarly, for 500-point output (time domain, corresponding to about 25 μs observation time) of the random interference generator, FFT is performed to the frequency domain and then the sampling frequency offset SFO is superimposed, and then IFFT is performed to the time domain and the carrier frequency offset CFO is superimposed. This is the output of channel B in FIG. 1.
And superposing the channel A and channel C outputs, and then performing down-conversion and down-sampling to serve as a first path of input of the decoder.
Part 3: a decoder:
similar to the coding structure, the decoder performs a dimensional transformation on the input based on a one-dimensional convolutional layer, a full-join layer, and a regularization layer of the neural network, and outputs the transmitted signal. Wherein the regularization layer functions to prevent overfitting of the training process.
The output of the decoder is the information finally demodulated by the receiving end.
Part 4: interference feature extractor:
an interference feature extractor section: and extracting the characteristics of the interference according to the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation, wherein the characteristic extraction is divided into the characteristic extraction of the interference before the encoder and the characteristic extraction before the decoder.
The feature extraction is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a pooling layer and a full-connection layer of the neural network, performs dimension transformation on input interference, and searches for low-dimensional representation of an interference signal.
The output dimension of the interference feature extractor should be less than or equal to the specific interference category number in the environment, so as to guide the encoder and the decoder to make the same modulation and demodulation reaction to the interference of the same general category.
Meanwhile, the interference feature extraction before the encoder and the interference feature extraction before the decoder have the same network structure, and the difference is that:
the method comprises the steps that an interference feature extractor in front of an encoder takes a system error rate as constraint training, and the interference feature extractor in front of the decoder takes the system error rate and the output of the interference feature extractor in front of the encoder as constraint training;
the input of the pre-encoder interference feature extractor and the pre-decoder interference feature extractor are staggered in time in order to extract the interference-independent features.
Specifically, the input to the interference feature extractor is the channel B output in fig. 1, i.e. the interference observations taking into account the real channel effects. The output of the interference feature extractor is the second input of the encoder and decoder.
Part 5: random interference generator:
random interference generator section: as an interference source, various kinds of interference which may occur in the simulation environment include:
part 6: subcarrier constraints:
and the subcarrier constraint is to constrain subcarriers output by the encoder according to the input interference information so as to avoid subcarrier frequency bands where the interference is located.
Specifically, based on a one-dimensional convolution layer and a full connection layer of the neural network, the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation is input, a subcarrier frequency band selection vector of the encoder is output, the vector dimension is the same as the output of the encoder, the vector dimension only comprises 0/1, whether the subcarrier is selected to transmit information or not is represented, and the subcarrier frequency band selection vector is multiplied with the output of the encoder.
The present embodiment will be understood by those skilled in the art as a more specific description of embodiment 1.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention provides a system and its individual devices, modules, units, etc. that can be implemented entirely by logic programming of method steps, in addition to being implemented as pure computer readable program code, in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units for realizing various functions included in the system can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, and units for implementing the various functions may also be considered as either software modules for implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without affecting the spirit of the invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The wireless communication physical layer structure based on deep learning is characterized by comprising an encoder, a channel simulator, a decoder, a random interference generator, an interference feature extractor and a subcarrier constrainer;
the encoder encodes and power constrains the signal according to the transmitted signal and the input interference characteristics;
the channel simulator superimposes the output of the encoder and the random interference generator in training to simulate the effect existing in a real channel;
the decoder decodes according to the interference characteristics of the output and input of the encoder through channel simulation;
the interference feature extractor performs feature extraction on the interference according to the output of the random interference generator through channel simulation;
the random interference generator is used as an interference source to simulate various interference possibly occurring in the environment;
the subcarrier constrainer constrains subcarriers output by the encoder according to the input interference information.
2. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 1, wherein the encoding of the encoder is based on a one-dimensional convolutional layer and a fully-connected layer of a neural network, performs a dimension transformation on an input signal, outputs a dimension equal to the number of subcarriers, and modulates the signal on each subcarrier;
the power constraint normalizes the encoded output and constrains the transmission power.
3. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 2, wherein the normalization refers to a maximum value of the signal amplitude on each subcarrier divided by the signal amplitude on that subcarrier.
4. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 1, wherein the effects in the channel simulator include carrier frequency offset CFO, sampling frequency offset SFO, gaussian noise, frequency conversion, pulse shaping.
5. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 1, wherein the decoding in the decoder is based on a one-dimensional convolutional layer, a fully-connected layer, and a regularization layer of a neural network, performs a dimensional transformation on the input, and outputs the transmitted signal.
6. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 1, wherein the feature extraction of the interference feature extractor comprises an interference feature extraction before encoder and a feature extraction before decoder;
the feature extraction is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer, a pooling layer and a full-connection layer of the neural network, performs dimension transformation on input interference, and searches for low-dimensional representation of an interference signal.
7. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 6, wherein the pre-encoder interference feature extractor uses a system bit error rate as a constraint training, and the pre-decoder interference feature extractor uses the system bit error rate and an output of the pre-encoder interference feature extractor as a constraint training;
the input of the interference feature extractor before the encoder and the input of the interference feature extractor before the decoder are staggered in time, and the features irrelevant to the interference and the time are extracted.
8. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 7, wherein the output of the interference feature extractor is coupled to an encoder and a decoder, directs the encoder and decoder to synchronize information of the encoder and decoder.
9. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 1, wherein the subcarrier constraint is based on a one-dimensional convolution layer and a full connection layer of a neural network, inputs an output of a random interference generator through channel simulation, outputs a subcarrier frequency band selection vector of an encoder, and multiplies the encoder output.
10. The deep learning based wireless communication physical layer structure of claim 9, wherein the subcarrier band selection vector dimension is the same as the encoder output and contains only 0/1 vector.
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Cited By (3)
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CN116401532A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-07-07 | 山东大学 | Method and system for recognizing frequency instability of power system after disturbance |
CN117614784A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-27 | 浙江恒业电子股份有限公司 | Wireless communication module based on carrier wave |
CN117614784B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-06-07 | 浙江恒业电子股份有限公司 | Wireless communication module based on carrier wave |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN116401532A (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2023-07-07 | 山东大学 | Method and system for recognizing frequency instability of power system after disturbance |
CN116401532B (en) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-02-23 | 山东大学 | Method and system for recognizing frequency instability of power system after disturbance |
CN117614784A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-02-27 | 浙江恒业电子股份有限公司 | Wireless communication module based on carrier wave |
CN117614784B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-06-07 | 浙江恒业电子股份有限公司 | Wireless communication module based on carrier wave |
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