CN116073057A - Traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle - Google Patents

Traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116073057A
CN116073057A CN202211353608.3A CN202211353608A CN116073057A CN 116073057 A CN116073057 A CN 116073057A CN 202211353608 A CN202211353608 A CN 202211353608A CN 116073057 A CN116073057 A CN 116073057A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
cover
traction battery
receptacle
cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202211353608.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
H·曼兹
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of CN116073057A publication Critical patent/CN116073057A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a traction battery (2) for an electrically driven motor vehicle. Comprising a receptacle (6), in particular in the form of a basin, for a battery cell (8), and a cover (10) for the receptacle (6), wherein the receptacle (6) and the cover form a battery interior (I), and wherein the cover (10) has a gas guide element (18) protruding into the battery interior (I). The invention further relates to an electrically driven motor vehicle having such a traction battery (2).

Description

Traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle.
Background
Electrically driven vehicles typically have a traction battery (high voltage battery, HV-battery) which supplies energy to an electric motor for driving the vehicle. In this context, electrically driven vehicles are understood to mean, in particular, electric vehicles (BEV, battery electric vehicle) which store only the necessary energy in the traction battery, electric vehicles with range extenders (REEV, range extender electric vehicle), hybrid vehicles (HEV, hybrid electric vehicle), plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) and/or fuel cell vehicles (FCEV, fuel cell electric vehicle) which temporarily store the electrical energy generated by means of the fuel cell in the traction battery.
Traction batteries configured as lithium ion batteries (Li-ion-battery) have a plurality of battery cells that are electrically connected in series or in parallel with one another. In order to save space, the battery cells are arranged, for example, directly next to one another and/or combined into what is known as a (cell) module.
In case of a battery cell failure, for example, due to foreign particles entrapped in the interior of the battery cell, an internal short circuit, or overcharge of the battery cell, a self-enhanced chain reaction, which is called thermal runaway (english), may occur. In the case of thermal runaway, on the one hand, a correspondingly large amount of thermal energy is released, on the other hand, in this case gas can occur in the battery cells, for example, due to decomposition of the electrolyte, so that a high internal pressure occurs in the battery cells and, if appropriate, gas escapes even from the battery cells.
These gases are on the one hand relatively hot and/or electrically conductive. In the event of uncontrolled escape of these gases from a faulty cell, there is a risk of damage to other cell components due to this escape, in particular damage to other cells by ignition and/or arcing of the gases.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is to provide a traction battery that is particularly suitable. In particular, depending on the task, the safety for the traction battery user in the event of a battery cell failure should be increased and/or the risk of damage to other battery components should be reduced. Furthermore, an electrically driven motor vehicle with such a traction battery should be provided.
With regard to a traction battery, the object is achieved according to the invention by a traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle, comprising a receptacle, in particular in the form of a basin, for a battery cell, and a cover for the receptacle, wherein the receptacle and the cover form a battery interior, wherein the cover has a gas guiding element protruding into the battery interior. In the case of an electrically driven motor vehicle, the object is achieved according to the invention by an electrically driven motor vehicle having a traction battery as described above. The embodiments in combination with traction batteries are also suitable for electrically driven motor vehicles and vice versa.
The traction battery is provided and set up for electrically driving the motor vehicle. This includes a receptacle for a battery cell. The receptacle is preferably configured in the shape of a basin. For this purpose, the receptacle comprises a preferably flat basin bottom, with the side walls standing on the peripheral side with respect to the basin bottom. In combination, the receiving part forms a receiving part space for the battery cell.
In addition, the traction battery includes a cover for the receptacle. The cover suitably closes the receptacle, preferably fluid-tightly. In combination, the receptacle and the cover form a battery interior of the traction battery. The receptacle and the cover in particular limit or enclose the battery interior. Suitably, the cover and the receptacle form a housing for the traction battery.
According to the invention, the cover has a gas guiding element which protrudes into the cell interior. In other words, a plurality of gas guide elements are arranged on the inside of the cell at a suitably flat covering section of the covering element and/or oriented parallel to the pot bottom, said gas guide elements extending from the covering section to the pot bottom. The gas guiding element is expediently configured as a web or wall.
In particular, in the event of a failure of a battery cell, in which relatively hot and/or electrically conductive gases escape from the battery cell, the gases are guided in a targeted manner by means of the gas guiding element. In this way, contact of the gas with other battery components, in particular with the high-pressure-guiding member, can be avoided, and the risk of ignition and/or arcing of the gas can be reduced therewith.
In a suitable embodiment, the gas guiding element is integrally molded at the cover section. In other words, the cover section and the gas guiding element are constructed in one piece. For this reason, the assembling process of the cover member is made easy.
For example, the cover is formed from metal, in particular steel, wherein the gas guiding element is formed by a forming process. However, according to a preferred embodiment, the cover is formed from plastic. Advantageously, such a plastic covering with gas guiding elements can be manufactured relatively easily during the forming process.
According to a suitable embodiment, the insulating element is arranged on the inside of the battery on the cover, i.e. on the side of the cover facing the pot bottom of the receptacle. This serves to insulate and/or enhance the fire resistance of the (traction) battery. In this way, the transmission of heat or fire through the covering to the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle with traction battery is advantageously avoided, or at least the risk thereof is reduced. Thus, safety for the user of the motor vehicle is improved.
In addition or alternatively thereto, an insulating element is arranged in the cover, in particular in the cover section of the cover. In other words, the insulating element is integrated in the cover. As long as the cover is formed from plastic, the insulating element is, for example, an insert (insert), which is encapsulated/overmolded with plastic during the production of the cover.
For example, the insulating element comprises a so-called Mica sheet (english: mica-sheets).
According to an advantageous embodiment of the traction battery, the cover has a partition wall (schottky), which protrudes between the battery cells. In particular, the partition walls here protrude between two rows of battery cells or between two (cell) modules. Preferably, the partition wall extends here from the cover section of the cover to the opposite basin bottom (receptacle bottom, housing bottom).
Since the partition walls advantageously limit the spatial region, the gas discharged from one of the battery cells in the event of a fault can reach the spatial region.
According to a suitable embodiment, the receptacle has a burst opening. The bursting openings serve for the targeted removal of hot gases out of the cell interior, as long as they are triggered, i.e. burst, by a relatively high pressure. The burst opening is suitably arranged in a side wall of the receiving portion. In the case of electrically driven motor vehicles with such traction batteries, the bursting openings expediently face away from the vehicle interior space, so that the hot gas is guided, for example, to the outside of the vehicle. Thereby reducing the risk to the user of the motor vehicle.
According to a suitable development, the gas element is configured wall-like, in other words plate-like or plate-like. Preferably, the gas guiding element forms a channel extending towards the blast opening. For this purpose, for example, two of the gas guiding elements are oriented parallel to one another, wherein the gas guiding elements extend toward the blast opening. In this way, a targeted gas separation from the failed cell occurs. Preferably, the battery components of the pilot current and/or the pilot voltage of the traction battery are arranged outside the channel in order to further reduce the risk of arcing.
According to a suitable embodiment, the battery cells of the traction battery and/or the cell module housing of the (cell) module accommodating the battery cells each have a safety valve (pressure relief valve, gas pressure valve) which is arranged in such a way that the gas which is discharged from the battery cells or cell module housing by way of the safety valves is emitted into the channels. So that the relief valve faces the channel. Preferably, the safety valve opens into the passage.
The safety valve is in particular set up in such a way that it opens (triggers) if a preset pressure threshold is exceeded. Thus, the gas formed in the battery cell can be discharged to reduce the risk of explosion.
Another aspect of the invention relates to an electrically driven motor vehicle. The motor vehicle comprises a traction battery in one of the variants shown above. In particular, the cover, which is preferably formed from plastic, therefore has a gas guide element protruding into the interior of the cell.
Drawings
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
fig. 1 shows schematically in a perspective exploded view a traction battery of an electrically driven motor vehicle, wherein a cover of its housing has a gas guiding element protruding into the battery interior,
fig. 2 schematically shows a cross section through a traction battery, wherein the gas guiding element forms a channel for gas discharged through a safety valve of the battery cell, and
fig. 3 schematically shows the cover in a perspective view from its side facing the interior space of the battery.
Throughout the drawings, corresponding parts and dimensions are always provided with the same reference numerals.
Detailed Description
The traction battery 2 is schematically shown in fig. 1. Which is provided and set up for an electrically driven motor vehicle, not shown further.
The traction battery 2 has a housing 4 with a basin-shaped receptacle 6 for a battery cell 8 and with a cover 10 for the receptacle 6. As can be seen in particular in fig. two, the receptacle 6 has a basin bottom 12, on the peripheral side of which side walls 14 stand. The side walls 14 here form a frame. The cover 10 is provided and designed to seal the receptacle 6 in a fluid-tight manner, for example, additionally by means of a seal. The section of the cover 10 that runs parallel to the pot bottom 12 and substantially flat is referred to herein as the cover section 16.
The housing 6 and the cover 10 enclose a housing space, called a battery interior I, in which a plurality of battery cells 8 are housed. For example, in fig. 1, the battery cells 8 are arranged side by side in two rows. According to an embodiment of the traction battery 2, which is not further shown, the battery cells 8 are combined into one or more (cell) modules and/or are provided with more than two rows.
Preferably, the receptacle 6 is formed here from steel or another metal. In this way, the traction battery 2 has a relatively high bending stiffness and/or is flame-resistant.
As is shown in particular in fig. 2 and 3, the gas guiding element 18 is arranged at the side of the cover section 16 of the cover 10 facing the battery interior I. The gas guide element 18 extends from the cover section 16 in the direction of the basin bottom 12. According to the example shown in fig. 2, the gas guiding element 18 reaches the battery cell 8 here. However, according to a variant which is not further shown, the gas guiding element is the distance from the battery cell 8.
According to the embodiment of fig. 1-3, two of the gas guiding elements 18 are oriented parallel to each other in this case, so that they form a kind of channel 20 in the cell interior I. The gas guiding element 18 extends here to a bursting opening 22, which is arranged in one of the side walls 14 of the receptacle 6. The gas guiding element 18 forms here a channel wall and the cover section 16 forms here a channel bottom.
In case of failure of one of the battery cells 8, if a hot and/or electrically conductive gas is generated in one of the (battery) cells 8, this gas may be expelled from the respective battery cell 8 by a burst opening or safety valve 24. For this purpose, the safety valve 24 is configured to be triggered, i.e. opened, at a predetermined pressure. The safety valves 24 are arranged here at the individual cells 8 in such a way that they open into the channels 20 formed by means of the gas guide elements 18. The safety valve 24 is arranged in particular at the side of the individual battery cells 8 facing the cover 10. In this way, the escaping gas is guided in a targeted manner by means of the gas guiding element to the burst opening 22.
Battery components, such as conductor rails 26 (fig. 2), which conduct current and/or conduct voltage, are arranged outside the channel 20. In this way, arcing due to gases is avoided.
Furthermore, the cover 10 comprises a partition wall 28 which extends from the cover section 16 to the tub bottom 12. Here, the partition walls 28 are arranged between two rows of the battery cells 8. In other words, the partition walls 28 protrude from the battery cells 8 between the two rows, so that spatial regions, which are at least partially separated from each other by the partition walls 26, are formed for each row of the battery cells 8.
The cover 10 is formed from plastic, wherein its cover section 16, gas guide element 22 and partition wall 28 are constructed in one piece, in other words in one piece in combination.
As shown in fig. 2, the insulating element 30 is integrated into the cover 10, in particular into the cover section 16 of the cover 10. The insulating element 30 is an insert which is injection-molded around with plastic during the manufacturing process of the cover 10. For example, the insulating element 30 is configured as a mica sheet. Since the insulating element 30 covers 10 are relatively resistant to temperature changes and flame retardant.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. On the contrary, other variants of the invention can also be derived by a person skilled in the art without thereby departing from the object of the invention. Furthermore, in particular, all individual features described in connection with the embodiments can also be combined with one another in other ways without departing from the object of the invention.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
2. Traction battery
4. Shell body
6. Housing part
8. Battery cell
10. Covering piece
12. Basin bottom
14. Side wall
16. Covering section
18. Gas guiding element
20. Channel
22. Burst opening
24. Safety valve
26. Conductive rail
28. Partition wall
30. Insulating element
I cell interior space.

Claims (9)

1. A traction battery (2) for an electrically driven motor vehicle has
-a particularly basin-shaped receptacle (6) for a battery cell (8), and
a cover (10) for the receptacle (6), wherein the receptacle (6) and the cover form a battery interior (I),
-wherein the cover (10) has a gas guiding element (18) protruding into the cell interior space (I).
2. Traction battery (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover (10) is made of plastic.
3. Traction battery (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cover (10) has partition walls (28) protruding between the battery cells (8).
4. A traction battery (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the receptacle (6) has a burst opening (22).
5. Traction battery (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each gas guiding element (18) is configured wall-like and/or that the gas guiding element (18) forms a channel (20) extending to the burst opening (22).
6. Traction battery (2) according to claim 5, characterized in that the battery cells (8) or the cell module housing accommodating them have a safety valve (24), wherein the safety valve (24) is arranged such that gas escaping from the battery cells (8) or the cell module housing through the safety valve (24) flows out into the channel (20).
7. Traction battery (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that an insulating element (30) is arranged at and/or in the cover (10).
8. Traction battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gas guiding element (18) is integrally molded at a covering section (16) of the covering (10) covering the receptacle (6).
9. Electrically driven motor vehicle having a traction battery (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202211353608.3A 2021-11-01 2022-11-01 Traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle Pending CN116073057A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021212284.1 2021-11-01
DE102021212284.1A DE102021212284B4 (en) 2021-11-01 2021-11-01 Traction battery for an electrically powered motor vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116073057A true CN116073057A (en) 2023-05-05

Family

ID=85983756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202211353608.3A Pending CN116073057A (en) 2021-11-01 2022-11-01 Traction battery for an electrically driven motor vehicle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116073057A (en)
DE (1) DE102021212284B4 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013204087A1 (en) 2013-03-11 2014-09-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Degassing system for battery modules
JP6606907B2 (en) 2015-07-30 2019-11-20 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ Power storage device
CN213520125U (en) 2020-11-27 2021-06-22 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Thermal runaway protection structure of double-row module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102021212284B4 (en) 2024-03-21
DE102021212284A1 (en) 2023-05-04

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