CN116072971A - Electrolyte and electrochemical device - Google Patents
Electrolyte and electrochemical device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116072971A CN116072971A CN202310347049.3A CN202310347049A CN116072971A CN 116072971 A CN116072971 A CN 116072971A CN 202310347049 A CN202310347049 A CN 202310347049A CN 116072971 A CN116072971 A CN 116072971A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application provides an electrolyte and an electrochemical device, wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound shown as a formula I, so that the cycle performance and the discharge rate performance of a lithium ion battery can be improved;
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage, and in particular, to an electrolyte and an electrochemical device.
Background
With the widespread use of electrochemical devices (e.g., lithium ion batteries) in various electronic products, users have also put increasing demands on the performance of electrochemical devices, in particular, cycle performance and discharge rate performance. Accordingly, further improvements are needed to meet the ever-increasing demands of use.
Due to the wide variety of electrolyte additives, the effect is remarkable, and the electrolyte additives become key factors for improving the battery performance. The common electrolyte additives mainly comprise film forming, flame retarding, water removal, acid reduction, overcharge protection, conductive additives and the like. However, at high temperatures, the performance of the battery is further deteriorated, such as problems of high temperature storage performance, cycle life, etc., and further improvement of the performance is required.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, an object of the present application is to provide an electrolyte that is effective in improving the cycle performance and discharge rate performance of an electrochemical device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides an electrolyte comprising a compound represented by the following formula I:
Wherein R is 11 、R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 Each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkynyl or substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 Aryl of (a); when substituted, the substituent includes at least one of halogen and cyano; x is selected from
Wherein n is 1 Selected from 0, 1 or 2; r is R 17 Selected from oxygen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Or substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 Arylene of (a); when substituted, the substituent includes at least one of halogen and cyano.
In some embodiments, when R 11 、R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 R is selected from hydrogen 17 Is not selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenylene of (a).
In some embodiments, R 11 、R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 Each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, ethynyl, or phenyl; the methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, ethynyl, or phenyl groups are optionally substituted with one or more halogens; r is R 17 Selected from oxygen,
、
、/>
Or->
Wherein R is 18 And R is 18’ Each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 Alkyl of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from halogen and/or cyano.
In some embodiments, when R 11 、R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 R is selected from hydrogen 17 Not selected from
。
In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula I comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some preferred embodiments, the compound represented by formula I comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some embodiments, the electrolyte comprises a compound represented by formula IV:
Wherein n is 3 An integer selected from 0 to 7, M 1 Selected from the group consisting of
、/>
Or->
；R 41 、R 42 、R 43 Each independently selected from the group consisting of absent, oxygen, -O-R 44 -or-R 44 -；R 44 Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenylene of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 1 -C 3 Alkyl and/or cyano. The polynitrile compound shown in the formula IV is introduced into the electrolyte, and can form a synergistic effect with the compound shown in the formula I in the electrolyte, so that a stronger protective effect is achieved on the positive electrode interface, and the decomposition of the electrolyte is further inhibited, thereby further improving the cycle performance of the electrochemical device.
In the present application, the compound represented by formula IV is a polynitrile compound.
In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula IV comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some preferred embodiments, the compound represented by formula IV comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some preferred embodiments, the compound represented by formula IV includes the following compounds:
in some embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula IV is selected from 0.1% to 6% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte further includes a compound having a sulfur-oxygen double bond including at least one of a compound represented by the following formula II-a and a compound represented by the formula II-B:
wherein n is 2 Selected from 0 or 1, M 2 Q and Z are each independently selected from
Or->
；R 21 And R is 22 Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkoxy or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 An alkenyloxy group of (2); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 6 -C 10 Aryl and/or halogen of (a); r is R 23 、R 24 And R is 25 Each independently selected from oxygen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene oxide or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenylene oxy of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 6 -C 10 Aryl and/or halogen of (a); and the mass percentage content of the compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond is 0.08 to 8% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. The sulfur-oxygen double bond compound represented by the formula II-A and/or the formula II-B is introduced into the electrolyte, so that the stability of the positive electrode interface can be improved due to the strong oxidation resistance; and the electrolyte can be reduced on the surface of the negative electrode to form a layer of protective film, so that the decomposition of the electrolyte is inhibited, and the stability of an interface is further enhanced. In some embodiments, the sulfur-oxygen containing double bond compound includes at least one of the compounds shown in the following chemical formulas:
in some embodiments, the sulfur-oxygen double bond containing compound includes at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone (II-9), 1, 4-butane sultone (II-13), methylene methane disulfonate (II-15), 1, 3-propane disulfonate (II-22), vinyl sulfate (II-12), propylene sulfate (II-14), 4-methyl vinyl sulfate (II-26), 2, 4-butane sultone (II-17), 2-methyl-1, 3-propane sultone (II-18), 1, 3-butane sultone (II-19), or propenyl-1, 3-sultone (II-11).
In some embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises a compound represented by the following formula III:
Wherein R is 31 Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 Alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 Alkenylene; when substituted, the substituents are selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 Alkyl and C 2 -C 6 One or more of alkenyl groups; and the mass percentage of the compound represented by formula III is 0.01% to 15% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. The compound shown in the formula III is introduced into the electrolyte, so that the flexibility of the SEI film can be increased, the protection effect on the active material is further enhanced, the interface contact probability of the active material and the electrolyte is reduced, the side reaction between the electrolyte and the active material is reduced, and the impedance generated by accumulation of byproducts in the circulation process is reduced.
In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula III comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some preferred embodiments, the compound represented by formula III comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some embodiments, the electrolyte further includes a boron-containing lithium salt, and the mass percent of the boron-containing lithium salt is 0.01% to 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some preferred embodiments, the boron-containing lithium salt is present in an amount of 0.05% to 1% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the boron-containing lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium dioxalate borate, or lithium difluorooxalato borate.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte further includes a phosphorus-containing lithium salt, and the mass percent of the phosphorus-containing lithium salt is 0.1% to 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing lithium salt includes at least one of lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorobis-oxalato phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalato phosphate.
In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula I is present in an amount of 0.01% to 1% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I may be any value within a range of 0.01% -0.1%, 0.1% -0.2%, 0.2% -0.3%, 0.3% -0.4%, 0.4% -0.5%, 0.5% -0.6%, 0.6% -0.7%, 0.7% -0.8%, 0.8% -0.9%, 0.9% -1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I is selected from 0.08% to 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I is selected from 0.1% to 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I is selected from 0.2% to 0.6% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, wherein the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the compound represented by formula IV 1 Selected from 0.01 to 5.
In some preferred embodiments, the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the compound represented by formula IV 1 Selected from 0.01 to 1.
In some preferred embodiments, the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the compound represented by formula IV 1 Selected from 0.01 to 0.25.
In some embodiments, wherein the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the compound represented by formula II-A and/or formula II-B 2 Selected from 0.01 to 5.
In some preferred embodiments, the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the compound represented by formula II-A and/or formula II-B 2 Selected from 0.01 to 1.
In some preferred embodiments, the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the compound represented by formula II-A and/or formula II-B 2 Selected from 0.01 to 0.2.
The present application provides an electrochemical device comprising the aforementioned electrolyte.
The application also provides an electronic device comprising the electrochemical device.
Advantageous effects
The compound shown in the formula I is introduced into the electrolyte, so that the cycle performance and the discharge rate performance of the electrochemical device can be effectively improved. It is presumed that the compound represented by the formula I can form a film on the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and that the nitrogen atom in the compound can stabilize the transition metal, and these properties stabilize the interface between the positive electrode and the negative electrode together, thereby suppressing the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the application, which may be embodied in various forms and that the specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the application.
In the description of the present application,
representing a junction with an adjacent atomAnd a binding site.
In this application, numerical ranges herein refer to individual integers within a given range. For example, "C 1 -C 6 "means that the group may have 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, or 6 carbon atoms; "C 3 -C 6 By "is meant that the group may have 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, or 6 carbon atoms.
The term "substituted" means that any one or more hydrogen atoms on a particular atom or group is substituted with a substituent, so long as the valence of the particular atom or group is normal and the substituted compound is stable. When the substituent is a ketone group (i.e., =o), it means that two hydrogen atoms are substituted. The kind and number of substituents may be arbitrary on the basis that they can be chemically achieved unless otherwise specified.
When any variable (e.g. R n ) Where the composition or structure of a compound occurs more than once, its definition is independent in each case. Thus, for example, if a group is substituted with 1 to 5R, the group may optionally be substituted with up to 5R, and R in each case has an independent option. Furthermore, combinations of substituents and/or variants thereof are only permissible if such combinations result in stable compounds.
In the description of the present application, the terms "formula I", "formula II", and the like are used for illustration purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance and relationship to each other unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise.
At present, the main method for improving the energy density of an electrochemical device comprises improving the charging voltage of the electrochemical device, but when the charging voltage of the electrochemical device is improved, the higher charging voltage accelerates the continuous oxidative decomposition of high-valence transition metals in a positive electrode active material to electrolyte, and byproducts are enriched on the surfaces of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, so that the cycle performance and the discharge rate performance of the electrochemical device are affected by the increase of impedance, and therefore, the interface between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the electrolyte is required to be stabilized to improve the cycle performance and the discharge rate performance of the electrochemical device.
Electrolyte solution:
in some embodiments, the electrolyte comprises a compound represented by formula I:
Wherein R is 11 、R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 Each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkynyl or substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 Aryl of (a); when substituted, the substituent includes at least one of halogen and cyano;
x is selected from
Wherein n is 1 Selected from 0, 1 or 2; r is R 17 Selected from oxygen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Or substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 Arylene of (a); when substituted, the substituent includes at least one of halogen and cyano.
In the electrolyte, the compound represented by the formula I can be oxidized to form a film on the positive electrode or reduced to form a film on the negative electrode, and the nitrogen atom in the compound represented by the formula I can stabilize transition metal, so that the functions together stabilize the interface between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. By introducing the compound represented by the formula I into the electrolyte, the interface between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be protected, and the continuous decomposition of the electrolyte can be inhibited.
In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula I comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I is 0.08% -1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte; when the mass percentage of the compound represented by formula I is too low, the effect of improving the high-temperature storage performance, the cycle performance, and the reduction of the increase in the cycle resistance of the electrochemical device is relatively limited; when the mass percentage of the compound represented by formula I is too high, the effect of improving the high-temperature storage performance and the cycle performance of the electrochemical device is not significantly increased, and further increase of the content thereof may cause excessive viscosity of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I may be 0.08%, 0.5%, 0.7%, or 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises a polynitrile compound represented by formula IV:
Wherein n is 3 An integer selected from 0 to 7, M 1 Selected from the group consisting of
、/>
Or->
；
R 41 、R 42 、R 43 Each independently selected from the group consisting of absent, oxygen, -O-R 44 -or-R 44 -；R 44 Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenylene of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 1 -C 3 Alkyl and/or cyano.
In some embodiments, the polynitrile compound represented by formula IV comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in some embodiments, the mass percent of the polynitrile compound is selected from 0.1% to 6% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. The polynitrile compound can form a synergistic effect with the compound shown in the formula I in the electrolyte, can play a stronger role in protecting the positive electrode interface, and further inhibits the decomposition of the electrolyte, thereby further improving the cycle performance of the electrochemical device. When the mass percentage of the polynitrile compound is too low, the polynitrile compound does not have a good protection effect on the anode interface, and the effect of improving the performance of the electrochemical device is not obvious; when the mass percentage of the polynitrile compound is too high, for example, more than 6%, the improvement effect of the polynitrile compound on the performance of the electrochemical device is not significantly improved, and also the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, affecting the kinetics and affecting the cycle performance of the electrochemical device. In some embodiments, the mass percent of the polynitrile compound may be 0.01%, 0.5%, 1%, or 2% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the mass percent of the polynitrile compound represented by formula IV 1 Selected from 0.01 to 1.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte further includes a compound having a sulfur-oxygen double bond including at least one of a compound represented by the following formula II-a and a compound represented by the formula II-B:
wherein n is 2 Selected from 0 or 1, M 2 Q and Z are each independently selected from
Or->
；R 21 And R is 22 Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkoxy or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 An alkenyloxy group of (2); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 6 -C 10 Aryl and/or halogen of (a); r is R 23 、R 24 And R is 25 Each independently selected from oxygen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene oxide or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenylene oxy of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 6 -C 10 Aryl and/or halogen of (a); and the mass percentage content of the compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond is 0.08 to 8% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the sulfur-oxygen containing double bond compound includes at least one of the compounds shown in the following chemical formulas:
in some embodiments, the compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond comprises at least one of 1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 4-butane sultone, methylene methane disulfonate, 1, 3-propane disulfonate, vinyl sulfate, propylene sulfate, 4-methyl vinyl sulfate, 2, 4-butane sultone, 2-methyl-1, 3-propane sultone, 1, 3-butane sultone, or propenyl-1, 3-sultone.
In some embodiments, the mass percent of the sulfur-oxygen double bond containing compound is selected from 0.08% to 8% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. The sulfur-oxygen double bond compound has stronger oxidation resistance and can improve the stability of the positive electrode interface. On the other hand, the compound containing the sulfur-oxygen double bond can be reduced on the surface of the negative electrode to form a layer of protective film, so that the decomposition of the electrolyte is inhibited, and the stability of an interface is further enhanced. Therefore, the use of the sulfur-oxygen double bond-containing compound in combination can further improve the high-temperature storage performance and cycle performance of the electrochemical device. When the mass percentage of the sulfur-oxygen double bond-containing compound is too low, the effect of alleviating the reaction of the electrolyte on the anode and the cathode is relatively limited; when the mass percentage of the sulfur-oxygen double bond-containing compound is too high, for example, more than 10%, the enhancement effect of the sulfur-oxygen double bond-containing compound on the stability of the positive electrode interface and the negative electrode interface is not significantly improved, and may cause excessive viscosity of the electrolyte, affect kinetics, and affect the low-temperature discharge performance of the electrochemical device. In some embodiments, the mass percent of the sulfur-oxygen double bond containing compound may be 0.08%, 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 5%, or 7% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by formula I to the mass percent of the sulfur-oxygen double bond containing compound 2 Selected from 0.01 to 1. In some embodiments, W 2 May be 0.062, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte further includes a compound represented by the following formula III:
Wherein R is 31 Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 Alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 Alkenylene; when substituted, the substituents are selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 Alkyl and C 2 -C 6 One or more of the alkenyl groups.
In some embodiments, the compound represented by formula III comprises at least one of the following compounds:
in the present application, the compound represented by formula III may assist in enhancing the film formation stability of the anode solid interface film (SEI); the compound shown in the formula III can increase the flexibility of the SEI film, further enhance the protection effect on the active material, reduce the interface contact probability of the active material and the electrolyte, and reduce the side reaction between the electrolyte and the active material, thereby reducing the impedance generated by the accumulation of byproducts in the circulation process.
In some embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula III is 0.01% to 15% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. When the mass percentage of the compound represented by formula III is too low, for example, less than 0.01%, the effect of sufficiently protecting the interface is not achieved, and the improvement of the performance of the electrochemical device is limited; when the mass percentage of the compound represented by formula III is too high, for example, greater than 15%, the enhancement of the stability of the SEI by the cyclic carbonate compound is not significantly improved. In some embodiments, the mass percent of the compound represented by formula III is 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5%, 10%, or 15% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte further comprises a boron-containing lithium salt, wherein the mass percent of the boron-containing lithium salt is 0.01% to 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. The boron-containing lithium salt can form a film on the positive electrode interface, protect the positive electrode interface, generate a synergistic effect with the compound represented by the formula I, and further improve the cycle performance of the electrochemical device.
In some embodiments, the boron-containing lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium dioxalate borate, or lithium difluorooxalato borate.
In some embodiments, if the mass percent of the boron-containing lithium salt is too low to adequately protect the positive electrode interface, its effect on cycle improvement is relatively limited; if the mass percent of the boron-containing lithium salt is too high, for example, greater than 1%, the effect of the boron-containing lithium salt on the improvement of circulation is no longer significantly increased. In some embodiments, the mass percent of the boron-containing lithium salt is 0.01%, 0.5%, or 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte may also include other non-aqueous organic solvents and electrolyte salts. The non-aqueous organic solvent may comprise at least one of a carbonate, a carboxylate, an ether, or other aprotic solvent. Examples of the carbonate-based solvent include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, bis (2, 2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, and the like. Examples of the carboxylic acid ester solvents include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolactone, 2-difluoroethyl acetate, valerolactone, butyrolactone, ethyl 2-fluoroacetate, ethyl 2, 2-difluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate, ethyl 2, 3-pentafluoropropionate, methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyrate, methyl 4, 4-trifluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) butyrate, ethyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5,5-nonafluoropentanoate, methyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluorononanoate, ethyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluorononanoate, and the like. Examples of the ether-based solvents include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, bis (2, 2-trifluoroethyl) ether, and the like.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte salts of the present application include at least one of an organolithium salt or an inorganic lithium salt. In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt comprises lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 Lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide LiN (CF) 3 SO 2 ) 2 (abbreviated as LiTFSI), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide Li (N (SO) 2 F) 2 ) (abbreviated as LiSSI) or lithium hexafluorocesium (LiSSF) 6 ) Lithium perchlorate LiClO 4 Lithium triflate LiCF 3 SO 3 At least one of them.
In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt is present in an amount of 10% to 15% by mass based on the total mass of the electrolyte. The electrolyte salt concentration is too low, and the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is low, so that the multiplying power and the cycle performance of the electrochemical device can be influenced; the electrolyte salt concentration is too high, the viscosity of the electrolyte is too high, and the rate capability of the electrochemical device is affected. Optionally, the electrolyte salt is 12 to 15% by mass.
And (3) a negative electrode:
in some embodiments, the anode may include an anode current collector and an anode active material layer disposed on the anode current collector. The anode active material layer may be disposed on one side or both sides of the anode current collector. In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may employ at least one of copper foil, aluminum foil, nickel foil, or carbon-based current collector. In some embodiments, the thickness of the negative electrode current collector may be 1 μm to 200 μm. In some embodiments, the anode active material layer may be coated on only a partial region of the anode current collector. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode active material layer may be 10 μm to 500 μm. It should be understood that these are merely exemplary and that other suitable thicknesses may be employed.
In some embodiments, the anode active material layer includes an anode active material. In some embodiments, the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material layer includes at least one of lithium metal, natural graphite, artificial graphite, or a silicon-based material. In some embodiments, the silicon-based material includes at least one of silicon, a silicon oxygen compound, a silicon carbon compound, or a silicon alloy.
In some embodiments, a conductive agent and/or a binder may be further included in the anode active material layer. The conductive agent in the anode active material layer may include at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, platelet graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, or carbon nanowires. In some embodiments, the binder in the anode active material layer may include at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyaniline, polyimide, polyamideimide, polysiloxane, styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, or polyfluorene. It should be understood that the above disclosed materials are merely exemplary, and that any other suitable materials may be used for the anode active material layer. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the anode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder in the anode active material layer may be (80-99): (0.5-10): (0.5-10), it being understood that this is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the present application.
And (3) a positive electrode:
in some embodiments, a positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material layer may be located on one side or both sides of the positive electrode current collector. In some embodiments, the positive current collector may be aluminum foil, although other positive current collectors commonly used in the art may be used. In some embodiments, the thickness of the positive electrode current collector may be 1 μm to 200 μm. In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer may be coated on only a partial region of the positive electrode current collector. In some embodiments, the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer may be 10 μm to 500 μm. It should be understood that these are merely exemplary and that other suitable thicknesses may be employed.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material. In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material includes LiCoO 2 、LiNiO 2 、LiMn 2 O 4 、LiCo 1-y MyO 2 、LiNi 1-y MyO 2 、LiMn 2-y MyO 4 、LiNi x Co y Mn z M 1-x-y- z O 2 Wherein M is at least one selected from Fe, co, ni, mn, mg, cu, zn, al, sn, B, ga, cr, sr, V or Ti, and 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.1, and x+y+z.ltoreq.1. In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material may include at least one of lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminate, or lithium nickel manganate, and the positive electrode active material may be subjected to doping and/or cladding treatment.
In some embodiments, the positive electrode active material layer further includes a binder and a conductive agent. In some embodiments, the binder in the positive electrode active material layer may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, a styrene-acrylate copolymer, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, or polyhexafluoropropylene. In some embodiments, the conductive agent in the positive electrode active material layer may include at least one of conductive carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, sheet graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or carbon fibers. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder in the positive electrode active material layer may be (70-98): (1-15): (1-15). It should be understood that the above is merely an example, and that any other suitable materials, thicknesses, and mass ratios may be used for the positive electrode active material layer.
Isolation film:
in some embodiments, the barrier film comprises at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, or aramid. For example, the polyethylene includes at least one selected from high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, or ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. In particular polyethylene and polypropylene, which have a good effect on preventing short circuits and can improve the stability of the battery through a shutdown effect. In some embodiments, the thickness of the release film is in the range of about 3 μm to 500 μm.
In some embodiments, the release film surface may further include a porous layer disposed on at least one surface of the release film, the porous layer including at least one of inorganic particles selected from aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Silicon oxide (SiO) 2 ) Magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium oxide (TiO) 2 ) Hafnium oxide (HfO) 2 ) Tin oxide (SnO) 2 ) Cerium oxide (CeO) 2 ) Nickel oxide (NiO), zinc oxide (ZnO), calcium oxide (CaO), zirconium oxide (ZrO) 2 ) Yttria (Y) 2 O 3 ) At least one of silicon carbide (SiC), boehmite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or barium sulfate. In some embodiments, the pores of the barrier film have a diameter in the range of about 0.01 μm to 1 μm. The binder of the porous layer is at least one selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymer of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyhexafluoropropylene. The porous layer on the surface of the isolating membrane can improve the heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrolyte infiltration performance of the isolating membrane, and enhance the adhesion between the isolating membrane and the pole piece.
A shell:
the case is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly. In some embodiments, the housing may be a hard shell housing or a flexible housing. The hard shell is made of metal. The flexible housing is for example a metal plastic film, for example an aluminium plastic film, a steel plastic film or the like.
Electrochemical device:
the electrochemical device of the present application is not particularly limited, and may include any device in which an electrochemical reaction occurs. In some embodiments, the electrochemical device may include, but is not limited to, a lithium ion battery.
In some embodiments, an electrochemical device includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator, an electrolyte, and a housing.
The electrode assembly of the electrochemical device is a rolled electrode assembly or a stacked electrode assembly. In some embodiments, the electrochemical device is a lithium ion battery, but the application is not limited thereto.
In some embodiments of the present application, taking a lithium ion battery as an example, a positive electrode, a separator and a negative electrode are sequentially wound or stacked to form an electrode assembly, and then the electrode assembly is packaged in a plastic-aluminum film shell, electrolyte is injected, and the lithium ion battery is formed and packaged. Then, performance test was performed on the prepared lithium ion battery.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described methods of preparing an electrochemical device (e.g., a lithium ion battery) are merely examples. Other methods commonly used in the art may be employed without departing from the disclosure of the present application.
An electronic device:
embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device including the above electrochemical device. The electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and may be any electronic device known in the art. In some embodiments, the electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a notebook computer, a pen-input computer, a mobile computer, an electronic book player, a portable telephone, a portable facsimile machine, a portable copier, a portable printer, a headset, a video recorder, a liquid crystal television, a portable cleaner, a portable CD player, a mini-compact disc, a transceiver, an electronic notepad, a calculator, a memory card, a portable audio recorder, a radio, a backup power source, a motor, an automobile, a motorcycle, a power assisted bicycle, a lighting fixture, a toy, a game machine, a clock, an electric tool, a flashlight, a camera, a household large-sized battery, a lithium ion capacitor, and the like.
The present application is further illustrated below by taking an electrochemical device as a lithium ion battery and by way of example in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are illustrative only of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Examples and comparative examples:
examples
(1) Preparation of the Positive electrode
Lithium cobalt oxide as positive electrode active material LiCoO 2 Conductive carbon black as conductive agent and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as binder in weight ratio of 97.9:0.9:1.2 in an N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution to form a positive electrode slurry. And (3) adopting an aluminum foil with the diameter of 13 mu m as a positive current collector, coating positive electrode slurry on the positive current collector, and drying, cold pressing and cutting to obtain the positive electrode. The positive electrode had a compacted density of 4.15g/cm 3 。
(2) Preparation of negative electrode
Artificial graphite as a cathode active material, styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) as a binder and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a thickener in a weight ratio of 97.4:1.4:1.2 in deionized water to form a negative electrode slurry. And (3) adopting copper foil with the thickness of 10 mu m as a negative electrode current collector, coating the negative electrode slurry on the negative electrode current collector, drying, cold pressing and cutting to obtain the negative electrode. The negative electrode had a compacted density of 1.8g/cm 3 。
(3) Preparation of a separator film
The base material of the isolating film is Polyethylene (PE) with the thickness of 5 mu m, one surface of the base material of the isolating film is coated with an alumina ceramic layer with the thickness of 2 mu m, and finally two surfaces of the isolating film coated with a single ceramic layer are respectively coated with adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with the thickness of 2.5mg/1540.25mm, and the isolating film is dried. The porosity of the separator was 39%.
(4) Preparation of electrolyte
In the environment with the water content less than 10 ppm, uniformly mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC), propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl Propionate (EP) and Propyl Propionate (PP) according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1, and then uniformly mixing the electrolyte salt LiPF 6 Dissolving in the non-aqueous solvent, and mixing to obtain electrolyte, wherein based on electrolyte mass, liPF 6 The mass percentage of (2) is 12.5%. And adding a certain amount of additive into the electrolyte to obtain the electrolyte in each example.
The various embodiments differ in the types and/or amounts of additives used in the electrolyte, the specific types of additives, and the mass percentages in the electrolyte are shown in tables 1 to 3 below, the amounts of additives being calculated as mass percentages based on the mass of the electrolyte.
In tables 1 to 5, the shorthand correspondence of some additives is as follows: succinonitrile (SN, i.e., IV-1), adiponitrile (AND, i.e., IV-3), 1,3, 6-hexanetrinitrile (HTCN, i.e., IV-12), 1,2, 3-tris (2-cyanoethoxy) propane (TCEP, i.e., IV-15), 1,2,3,4, 5-penta (2-cyanoethoxy) pentane (PCEP, i.e., IV-19).
(5) Preparation of lithium ion electrons
And sequentially stacking the positive electrode, the isolating film and the negative electrode, so that the isolating film is positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to play a role in isolation, and winding to obtain the electrode assembly. And placing the electrode assembly in an outer packaging aluminum plastic film, dehydrating at 80 ℃, injecting the electrolyte, packaging, and performing technological processes such as formation, degassing, trimming and the like to obtain the lithium ion battery. The test method of each parameter of the present application is described below.
The testing method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cycle performance at 25 ℃): the lithium ion battery was charged to 4.5v at 0.7C and to 0.05C at constant voltage at 4.5v at 25 ℃. Thereafter, the current was discharged to 3.0V at 0.7C, and the cycle was performed for 800 cycles in a 0.7C charge and 1C discharge flow. The 3 rd cycle of the cycle discharge capacity is used as a benchmark, and the capacity retention rate is used as an index for evaluating the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery;
cycle capacity retention = discharge capacity of 800 th cycle/discharge capacity of 3 rd cycle x 100%.
(2) Discharge rate performance at 25 ℃): the lithium ion battery was charged to 0.025C at 0.5C to 4.5v and constant voltage at 4.5v at 25 ℃. Then, the discharge capacity was D0 by discharging to 3.0V with a current of 0.2C. The lithium ion battery was then charged to 4.5v at 0.5C and charged to 0.025C at constant voltage at 4.5 v. Then, the discharge capacity was D1 by discharging to 3.0V with a current of 5C.
Discharge rate capacity retention = D1/d0×100%.
(3) High temperature storage performance test: the lithium ion battery was charged to 4.55V at 25 ℃ with a constant current of 0.5C, then charged to a constant voltage of 0.05C, the thickness of the lithium ion battery was measured and noted as d0, and placed in an oven at 60 ℃ for 20 days, and the thickness was monitored and noted as d. The lithium ion battery has a thickness expansion rate (%) = (d-d 0)/d0×100% after 20 days of high temperature storage, the thickness expansion rate exceeds 50%, and the test is stopped. The specific test results are as follows:
it can be seen from examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 2 of Table 1 that the inclusion of the compound represented by formula I can improve the cycle performance and discharge rate performance of lithium ion batteries, and the degree of improvement becomes larger as the mass percentage content thereof increases, and finally tends to be balanced. The compound of the formula I is easy to oxidize and reduce, can form a film on the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and in addition, the compound of the formula I and the 2,2 '-bipyridine both contain nitrogen atoms, so that transition metals can be stabilized, but as the 2,2' -bipyridine is connected only by single bonds (two pyridine rings can rotate), the stability to the transition metals is inferior to that of the compound of the formula I, the properties of the compound of the formula I together stabilize the interface between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the continuous decomposition of electrolyte is inhibited. When the content of the compound of formula I is within the scope of the present application, the cycle performance and discharge rate performance of the electrochemical device are superior.
As can be seen from example 3 and examples 9 to 28 of table 2, the combination of the compound of formula I with the sulfur-oxygen double bond containing compound can further improve the high temperature storage performance and cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, and the sulfur-oxygen double bond containing compound can form a protective film at the interface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The use of the compound of formula I in combination with the polynitrile compound can further improve the cycle performance and high temperature storage performance of the electrochemical device. The polynitrile compound can stabilize high-valence transition metal in the positive electrode active material, and has synergistic effect with the compound shown in the formula I, so that the positive electrode interface is stabilized together, and the consumption of electrolyte and gas production are inhibited. When W is 1 Where the values of (2) are within the scope of the present application, the cycle performance and safety performance are better, when W 1 Too large or too small a value of (c) affects cycle performanceAnd high temperature storage properties. The combination of the compound of the formula I and the phosphorus lithium salt compound can further improve the high-temperature storage performance and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery, and the lithium ion battery with excellent performance can be better obtained by combining various additives.
As can be seen by comparing example 3 with examples 29-39, the combination of the compound of formula I with the compound of formula III or the boron-based lithium salt can significantly improve the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
The above disclosed features are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, and therefore, equivalent variations to what is described in the claims of the disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the disclosure.
Claims (15)
1. An electrolyte comprising a compound represented by the following formula I:
Wherein R is 11 、R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 Each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkynyl or substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 Aryl of (a); when substituted, the substituent includes at least one of halogen and cyano;
x is selected from
Wherein n is 1 Selected from 0, 1 or 2; r is R 17 Selected from oxygen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Or substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 10 Arylene of (a); when substituted, the substituent includes at least one of halogen and cyano.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein R 11 、R 12 、R 13 、R 14 、R 15 、R 16 Each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, ethynyl, or phenyl; the methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, ethynyl, or phenyl groups are optionally substituted with one or more halogens; r is R 17 Selected from oxygen,
、/>
、/>
Or->
Wherein R is 18 And R is 18’ Each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 Alkyl of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from halogen and/or cyano.
3. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by formula I comprises at least one of the following compounds:
4. the electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a compound represented by formula IV:
Wherein n is 3 An integer selected from 0 to 7, M 1 Selected from the group consisting of
、/>
Or->
；R 41 、R 42 、R 43 Each independently selected from the group consisting of absent, oxygen, -O-R 44 -or-R 44 -；R 44 Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 5 Alkenylene of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 1 -C 3 Alkyl and/or cyano.
5. The electrolyte of claim 4, wherein the compound represented by formula IV comprises at least one of the following compounds:
6. the electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond, the compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond comprising at least one of a compound represented by the following formula II-a and a compound represented by the formula II-B:
Wherein n is 2 Selected from 0 or 1, M 2 Q and Z are each independently selected from
Or->
；R 21 And R is 22 Each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkoxy or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 An alkenyloxy group of (2); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 6 -C 10 Aryl and/or halogen of (a);
R 23 、R 24 and R is 25 Each independently selected from oxygen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 5 Alkylene oxide or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 Alkenylene oxy of (a); when substituted, the substituents are selected from C 6 -C 10 Aryl and/or halogen of (a); and is also provided with
The mass percentage of the compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond is 0.08 to 8% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
7. The electrolyte of claim 6, wherein the compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond comprises at least one of the following compounds:
8. the electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a compound represented by the following formula III:
Wherein R is 31 Selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 Alkylene or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 Alkenylene; when substituted, the substituents are selected from halogen, C 1 -C 6 Alkyl and C 2 -C 6 One or more of alkenyl groups; and is also provided with
The mass percentage of the compound represented by formula III is 0.01% to 15% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
9. The electrolyte of claim 8, wherein the compound represented by formula III comprises at least one of the following compounds:
10. the electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises a boron-containing lithium salt, and the mass percent of the boron-containing lithium salt is 0.01% to 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
11. The electrolyte of claim 10, wherein the boron-containing lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium dioxaborate, or lithium difluorooxalato borate.
12. The electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of the compound represented by formula I is 0.01% to 1% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
13. The electrolyte according to claim 4, wherein the ratio W of the mass percent of the compound represented by the formula I to the mass percent of the compound represented by the formula IV 1 Selected from 0.01 to 5.
14. The electrolyte according to claim 6, wherein the ratio W of the mass percentage of the compound represented by the formula I to the compound represented by the formula II-A and/or the formula II-B 2 Selected from 0.01 to 5.
15. An electrochemical device, characterized in that the electrochemical device comprises the electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
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