CN116070754A - Multi-main-body comprehensive energy system optimization operation method and system considering energy sharing - Google Patents
Multi-main-body comprehensive energy system optimization operation method and system considering energy sharing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive energy systems, and provides a multi-main-body comprehensive energy system optimizing operation method and system considering energy sharing, wherein the method comprises the steps of analyzing an electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen multi-energy mutual coupling mechanism and introducing a stepped carbon transaction mechanism to construct a comprehensive energy system; establishing a master-slave game model of both supply and demand according to mathematical models of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed producer and a consumer; and solving a master-slave game model on both sides of supply and demand by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system. According to the invention, the distributed generator group is taken as a follower based on master-slave games, the energy supplier and the energy operator are taken as leaders, and the balanced interaction strategy is solved, so that the multi-main-body collaborative optimization operation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive energy systems, and particularly relates to an optimized operation method and system of a multi-main-body comprehensive energy system considering energy sharing.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The comprehensive energy system can exert the characteristic of complementary and mutual-aid among various energy sources, improves the energy utilization rate of electricity, heat, gas and the like through the cascade utilization of the energy sources, and optimizes the low-carbon economy of the multi-energy system. The hydrogen energy and other energy sources in the integrated energy system are coupled to form the hydrogen-containing integrated energy system, compared with the traditional integrated energy system for configuring electric energy storage, the integrated energy system is more outstanding in the aspect of energy utilization form diversity, can convert surplus electric energy into various energy forms such as hydrogen, heat and the like to meet different terminal requirements, shows obvious advantages in the aspects of environmental protection and economy, and becomes a research hot spot increasingly.
There are multiple types of interest agents and large scale permeable renewable energy sources in hydrogen-containing integrated energy systems, resulting in uncertainty in multi-agent distributed resources. Coordinating the power-out behavior of multi-principal distributed resources, and efficiently utilizing distributed resources to achieve multi-principal energy sharing is an effective way to solve this problem. Along with the transformation of more and more consumers on the demand side to producers and consumers capable of producing electric energy and consuming electric energy, the load demands of the consumers are different, the distributed renewable energy devices have the characteristics of small capacity, random output, various modes of accessing into the producers and consumers, and the like, and the heterogeneous characteristics in the producers and consumers are formed, so that the energy space-time distribution difference exists in the producers and consumers.
At present, under the background of a hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system, a blank is left for the research on a distributed producer and consumer energy sharing model. Moreover, carbon trade is studied in a few documents to be applied to a hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system, and particularly, the problem of energy sharing of the system is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a multi-main-body comprehensive energy system optimizing operation method and a multi-main-body comprehensive energy system optimizing operation system considering energy sharing, and the invention considers a stepped carbon transaction mechanism in the problem of optimizing operation of the hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system; the distributed production and elimination personnel are guaranteed to fully exert autonomy, flexibly select a transaction mode, adjust load demand response under a time-sharing energy price mechanism, and flexibly use energy and maximize the surplus on the premise of meeting comfort level; the master-slave game is introduced to optimize the energy management strategy and the transaction operation strategy of the two sides of the supply and demand, and the effectiveness of the method in the aspects of enhancing the environmental protection, economy, autonomy and the like of the hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system is verified.
According to some embodiments, the first scheme of the invention provides an optimized operation method of a multi-main-body integrated energy system considering energy sharing, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the multi-main body comprehensive energy system optimizing operation method considering energy sharing comprises the following steps:
analyzing an electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen multi-energy mutual coupling mechanism and introducing a stepped carbon transaction mechanism to construct a comprehensive energy system;
establishing a master-slave game model of both supply and demand according to mathematical models of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed producer and a consumer;
and solving a master-slave game model on both sides of supply and demand by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system.
According to some embodiments, the second scheme of the invention provides an optimized operation system of a multi-main-body integrated energy system considering energy sharing, which adopts the following technical scheme:
an energy sharing-considered multi-subject integrated energy system optimization operating system comprising:
the comprehensive energy system construction module is configured to analyze the mutual coupling mechanism of multiple energy sources of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen and introduce a stepped carbon transaction mechanism to construct a comprehensive energy system;
the master-slave game model construction module is configured to establish a master-slave game model with both supply and demand sides according to mathematical models of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed producer;
and the model solving module is configured to solve the master-slave game model of the supply and demand double sides by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system.
According to some embodiments, a third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.
A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the method of optimizing operation of a multi-body integrated energy system taking into account energy sharing as described in the first aspect above.
According to some embodiments, a fourth aspect of the invention provides a computer device.
A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the steps in a method of optimizing operation of a multi-subject integrated energy system that allows for energy sharing as described in the first aspect above when the program is executed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the distributed generator group is taken as a follower based on master-slave games, the energy supplier and the energy operator are taken as leaders, and the balanced interaction strategy is solved, so that the multi-main-body collaborative optimization operation is realized. The stepped carbon transaction mechanism is considered in the problem of optimizing operation of the hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system, so that carbon emission reduction is effectively realized, and the environment friendliness of system operation is ensured. The distributed energy production and elimination device gives full play to autonomy, flexibly selects a transaction mode, adjusts load demand response under a time-sharing energy price mechanism, enables energy to be flexibly used and the residual to be maximized on the premise of meeting comfort level, and promotes on-site elimination of renewable energy. And a master-slave game is introduced to optimize the energy management strategy and the transaction operation strategy of the two sides of the supply and demand, so that the income of each main body of the comprehensive energy system is increased, the mutual benefits and win-win of each main body are realized, and the overall economic effect of the system is more obvious.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen-containing integrated energy system architecture according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated energy market architecture according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an algorithm presented in the algorithm flowchart of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of equalization convergence results in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (a) is a schematic representation of the comprehensive energy provider electricity price strategy in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 5 (b) is a schematic representation of the integrated energy provider thermal policy in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a distributed producer-consumer internal pricing strategy in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of load optimization of producers and consumers before and after energy sharing in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 8 (a) is a graph of the power trade results for commercial producer 1 in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 8 (b) is a graph of the results of a commercial producer-consumer 2 power transaction in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 8 (c) is a graph of the results of a resident producer-consumer power transaction in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 8 (d) is a graph of the power trade results of an industrial producer and consumer in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 9 (a) is a graph of electrical load power balance in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 9 (b) is a thermal load power balance graph of an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 9 (c) is a graph of gas load power balance in an example analysis of the present invention;
FIG. 9 (d) is a graph of hydrogen load power balance in an example analysis of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a multi-main-body integrated energy system optimization operation method considering energy sharing, and this embodiment is illustrated by applying the method to a server, and it can be understood that the method may also be applied to a terminal, and may also be applied to a system and a terminal, and implemented through interaction between the terminal and the server. The server can be an independent physical server, a server cluster or a distributed system formed by a plurality of physical servers, and can also be a cloud server for providing cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network servers, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services CDNs, basic cloud computing services such as big data and artificial intelligent platforms and the like. The terminal may be, but is not limited to, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a smart speaker, a smart watch, etc. The terminal and the server may be directly or indirectly connected through wired or wireless communication, which is not limited herein. In this embodiment, the method includes the steps of:
analyzing an electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen multi-energy mutual coupling mechanism and introducing a stepped carbon transaction mechanism to construct a comprehensive energy system;
establishing a master-slave game model of both supply and demand according to mathematical models of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed producer and a consumer;
and solving a master-slave game model on both sides of supply and demand by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system.
A low-carbon economic operation method of a multi-main-body hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system considering energy sharing comprises the following steps:
when the comprehensive energy system is constructed, the mutual coupling mechanism of electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen multiple energy sources is analyzed, and a stepped carbon transaction mechanism is introduced, wherein the system mainly comprises four parts, namely an energy supply side, a multi-energy coupling link, an energy storage link and a demand side. The energy supply side mainly comprises a power grid, an air grid, a centralized wind power device, a photovoltaic device and the like, equipment of the multifunctional coupling link mainly comprises an electrolytic tank, a methane generator, a hydrogen fuel cell, a gas turbine, a gas boiler and the like, the energy storage link mainly comprises electric energy storage, hydrogen energy storage and the like, and the demand side mainly comprises resident type, commercial type and industrial type producers and consumers with different assembled capacities. The electric load is supplied by self photovoltaic equipment, a cogeneration unit, a hydrogen fuel cell and a wind-solar storage device, the insufficient part is supplied by an external power grid, the heat load is supplied by the cogeneration unit and a gas boiler, the gas load is supplied by a methane generator and an external gas grid, and the hydrogen load is supplied by an electrolytic tank and the hydrogen storage device.
And establishing a master-slave game model of both supply and demand according to the mathematical models of the comprehensive energy supplier, the comprehensive energy operator and the distributed generator. Taking an energy operator as a leader of a distributed generation and elimination person group, counting the clearing results of the distributed generation and elimination person group, giving a transaction price curve in the distributed generation and elimination person group, and adjusting the electric heating load of each time period for mutual transaction by the distributed generation and elimination person group to realize energy sharing among multiple main bodies on a demand side; the energy operator is used as a tie between the energy supplier and the distributed consumer group and also is used as a follower of the energy supplier, and when the distributed consumer group is in short supply, the clearing result is fed back to the energy supplier, the insufficient energy is complemented by the energy supplier, and the energy supplier determines the optimal output and simultaneously formulates electricity selling and heat price, so that the income of each main body of the market is maximized.
And solving by adopting a differential evolution algorithm and a double-layer optimization algorithm of a CPLEX solver to obtain the optimal operation strategy of the system. And finally, verifying the advantages of the provided operation strategy in the aspects of carbon emission reduction, flexible energy utilization, improvement of the income of each main body and the like through practical calculation examples.
The integrated energy system constructed by the embodiment mainly comprises four parts, namely an energy supply side, a multi-energy coupling link, an energy storage link and a demand side. The energy supply side mainly comprises a power grid, an air grid, a centralized wind power device, a photovoltaic device and the like, equipment of the multifunctional coupling link mainly comprises an electrolytic tank, a methane generator, a hydrogen fuel cell, a gas turbine, a gas boiler and the like, the energy storage link mainly comprises electric energy storage, hydrogen energy storage and the like, and the demand side mainly comprises resident type, commercial type and industrial type producers and consumers with different assembled capacities. The electric load is supplied by self photovoltaic equipment, a cogeneration unit, a hydrogen fuel cell and a wind-solar storage device, the insufficient part is supplied by an external power grid, the heat load is supplied by the cogeneration unit and a gas boiler, the gas load is supplied by a methane generator and an external gas grid, and the hydrogen load is supplied by an electrolytic tank and the hydrogen storage device. The system can simultaneously meet different energy requirements of users such as electricity, heat, gas, hydrogen and the like, and the structural schematic diagram is shown in figure 1.
In the operation process of the multi-main-body hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system, the internal part of the generator cluster firstly utilizes the distributed photovoltaic resources of the generator cluster to carry out energy sharing, during the period, redundant power can be directly sold to peripheral distributed generators, insufficient power can also be purchased from peripheral distributed generators, such as the residential generator has small power load demand in daytime, the power is rich, the power load demand of the industrial generator in daytime is far higher than the photovoltaic supply of the generator cluster, the power is insufficient, and the residential generator can directly sell the rich power to the industrial generator. When the distributed photovoltaic in the consumer group is difficult to meet the group electrical load, the consumer group is supplemented by external wind-solar energy storage equipment, a cogeneration unit, a hydrogen fuel cell or an external power grid.
1. Energy trading process
Fig. 2 is a comprehensive energy market architecture model, which is herein composed of three trade subjects of an energy provider, an energy operator and a distributed generation and elimination group, wherein the energy provider is composed of wind power, a photovoltaic device, energy conversion equipment and an energy storage side, the generation and elimination group is composed of resident type on a demand side, industrial type and commercial type generation and elimination persons, the energy operator serves as an energy provider and an 'intermediate person' on the demand side, and the energy provider makes an energy purchase price facing the energy provider and an energy selling price facing the distributed generation and elimination group with the maximum income of the energy provider and the energy selling price facing the distributed generation and elimination group as targets by referring to electric and thermal market prices.
In the operation process, an energy operator is used as a leader of the distributed consumer group, the clearing result of the distributed consumer group is counted, a transaction price curve inside the distributed consumer group is given, the energy operator is used as a tie between the energy supplier and the distributed consumer group and also used as a follower of the energy supplier, the clearing result is fed back to the energy supplier under the condition that the distributed consumer group is not in supply, insufficient energy is complemented by the energy supplier, the energy supplier determines the optimal output and simultaneously formulates electricity and heat price, and the income of each main body of the market is maximized.
2. Energy supplier model
The energy supplier is used as the main energy producer of the comprehensive energy system and is responsible for the energy supply of most electric and thermal loads in the system. The energy suppliers sell energy to the energy operators by making reasonable energy prices to obtain certain benefits, and the optimization targets are the maximum benefits, which are expressed as follows:
wherein T is 24 hours, and the time period is equal to,
for the energy supply to the energy operators at time t,/>
The energy production cost of the energy supplier at the t time. The above items can be expressed as:
where Δt represents the length of time,
and->
Electric power and thermal power output by the energy supplier at time t respectively, < >>
Predicting the force for the wind power at the moment t, +.>
Wind power output power at t moment respectively, +.>
And->
The output electric power and the heat power of the cogeneration unit at the moment t are respectively>
And->
The hydrogen fuel cell outputs electric power and thermal power at time t respectively, < >>
For t time the power consumption of the electrolyzer>
For the power of the electric energy storage device at time t +.>
And->
The power grid electricity purchasing power and the gas grid gas purchasing power of the energy source supplier at the moment t are respectively +.>
For the t moment the gas boiler outputs heat power, +.>
And->
The electricity selling price and the heat selling price of the energy supplier at the moment t are respectively +.>
And->
The electricity selling price of the power grid and the gas selling price of the air grid at the moment t are respectively +.>
For the carbon trade cost of the energy supplier, γ is the energy supplier's tailwind penalty coefficient.
The output of the cogeneration unit, the gas boiler, the hydrogen fuel cell and the electrolyzer t at the moment needs to meet the following conditions:
in the middle of
Rated capacities of a cogeneration unit, a gas boiler, a hydrogen fuel cell and an electrolytic tank are respectively set.
The carbon trade cost of the energy supplier adopts a stepwise carbon trade mechanism as follows:
m in the formula d The carbon emission right trading amount, lambda, l and alpha of the comprehensive energy system are respectively carbon trading basal price, carbon emission volume interval and price increasing rate. The above items can be expressed as:
m in the formula buy,r ,M total,r M is the actual carbon emission of the superior electricity purchasing and comprehensive energy system MR Actual carbon emission absorption for methane generator, M buy ,M CHP ,M GB Respectively an upper-level electricity purchasing, heat and power cogeneration unit and a gas boilerCarbon emission allowance of a) 1 ,b 1 ,c 1 And a 2 ,b 2 ,c 2 And calculating parameters for carbon emission of the coal-fired unit and the natural gas consumption type energy supply equipment respectively.
3. Energy operator model
The energy operator optimizes the electricity price and the heat price of purchase and sale based on the supply and demand relationship. And (3) setting a price strategy on the basis of considering the energy supply side output plan and the energy consumption side load demand, wherein the optimization target is the maximum profit, and the price strategy is expressed as follows:
in the middle of
For the energy selling income of the distributed consumer group at time t,/for the time point>
For the energy costs of the energy supply at time t, +.>
And (5) the purchase cost to the distributed consumer group at time t. The above items can be expressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
and->
Electric load and thermal load of distributed generator-generator group at time t respectively, < ->
For the photovoltaic output power of the distributed generator group at time t,/>
And->
The price of electricity selling and the price of heat selling of an energy source operator at the moment t to a distributed generator-eliminator group are respectively +.>
And the electricity purchase price to the distributed generator group at the time t is obtained.
In order to avoid direct power grid transaction of the distributed consumer group, the energy purchasing price of the energy operator is ensured to be slightly higher than the market price, the energy selling price is lower than the energy selling price of the energy supplier, and the following constraint needs to be satisfied:
in the middle of
For the online price of the power grid at time t, < >>
The lower price limit and the upper price limit of the heat energy at the moment t are respectively.
4. Distributed parturient model
The producers and consumers containing distributed photovoltaics are an emerging market body, which is used as an energy producer and an energy consumer. When the self photovoltaic output of the distributed generator is insufficient to meet the energy consumption requirement, certain electric energy is purchased to other distributed generators, and if the power is still insufficient, the power is complemented by an energy operator. And conversely, when the photovoltaic output of the distributed generator is larger, the redundant electric energy is sold to other distributed generators. Because the photovoltaic power generation cost is low, the photovoltaic power generation system has a certain benefit, and the optimization target is the maximum consumer residue, which is expressed as follows:
in the middle of
The utility function for the distributed producer/consumer at time t is expressed as follows:
alpha in the formula e ,α h ,v e ,v h The energy preference coefficients of the distributed producers and consumers are respectively.
In order for the distributed consumer to sell excess electrical energy to the energy operator preferentially, maximizing consumer surplus, the electricity price sold inside the distributed consumer group should satisfy the following constraints:
5. energy sharing mechanism
The energy sharing is carried out by the distributed photovoltaic resources of the generator and the generator in the cluster, the distributed generator and the generator directly sell power to the surrounding distributed generators and the generator instead of selling power to the power grid at low price, and the distributed generator and the generator buy power from the power grid at high price, for example, the residential generator and the generator have small electric load demand in daytime and surplus electric energy, the electric load demand of the industrial generator and generator in daytime is far higher than the photovoltaic supply of the industrial generator and generator, the electric energy is insufficient, and the residential generator and generator can directly sell surplus electric energy to the industrial generator and generator. When distributed photovoltaic in the consumer group is difficult to meet the group electrical load, the distributed photovoltaic is supplied through the game transaction electric energy of the energy operator and the energy provider.
The distributed photovoltaic device with high industrial and commercial power cost makes the spontaneous self-use more attractive, can help industrial and commercial power generation and elimination people reduce power consumption expenditure, and the industrial and commercial power generation and elimination people with larger regulation can also use surplus electricity to access the internet to obtain more power generation benefits, and for resident power generation and elimination people, the electric quantity emitted by the photovoltaic device during energy sharing is not singly bound, so that the power generation and elimination people can be diversified, the power consumption stability can be improved, and the power consumption cost can be reduced.
In light of the above description of the integrated energy market architecture, as shown in fig. 2. The energy transaction process between the energy suppliers and the energy operators, and between the energy operators and the distributed generator-generator group accords with the dynamic game condition of master-slave steps, and the energy transaction strategy is respectively prepared according to the self state, and the internal operation state is optimized. The energy operator is used as a leader, the energy provider and the distributed generator-generator group are used as followers, and a game optimization model is established by adopting the idea of master-slave games, and can be expressed as follows:
wherein EH, ES and PS respectively represent three participants of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed generator group; s and F represent the policy set and interest target set for each participant, respectively. If it is
For the equilibrium solution of the master-slave game of the hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system, the following needs to be satisfied:
wherein:
respectively representing master-slave gaming optimal equilibrium solutions of a distributed generator group, an energy operator and an energy provider; s is S PS ,S ES ,S EH Representing master-slave gaming policy sets for distributed consumer groups, energy operators, and energy suppliers, respectively.
In equation (24), neither the energy provider, the energy operator, nor the distributed generator can obtain greater benefit by unilaterally changing policies, where the balancing solution is an optimal set of policies for each participant in the master-slave game.
And (3) proving: the master-slave gaming equilibrium solution exists when the master-slave gaming model of the hydrogen-containing integrated energy system presented herein satisfies the following conditions.
1) The leader and following policy set are non-empty tight convex sets; according to the hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system model, the strategy of the leader needs to meet the formulas (18) and (19), the strategy of the energy supply side follower needs to meet the formulas (6) and (9), and the strategy of the load side follower needs to meet the formula (22), so that the strategy set of each participant is a compact subset in the measurement space;
2) Wherein, the benefit F of the energy supplier EH Is obtained by formulas (1) - (5), (10) - (113), the profit F of the energy operator ES Is obtained by formulas (14) - (17), the benefit F of the distributed generator PS From formulas (20), (21), it is apparent that three participants are continuous with respect to each decision variable;
3) When the photovoltaic power generation of the distributed consumer group is insufficient to meet the self load, the maximum consumer surplus of the distributed consumer is expressed as follows:
in the formula, we can see that the first term is divided into
All other things are related to
Is a linear function of (2), thus->
Is also a convex function, and similarly, when the photovoltaic power generation capacity of the distributed generator-generator group meets the load of the generator-generator group, the generator-generator group has surplus>
Is also a convex function, thus->
Is about->
Is a pseudo-convex function of (a). In summary, the master-slave gaming model proposed herein has an equilibrium solution.
6. Solution algorithm
The master-slave game is a game model with a layered structure, a leader gives a strategy firstly, a follower gives an optimal response according to the strategy of the leader and transmits the strategy to the leader, and the game can be stabilized through multiple iterations due to the incompleteness of strategy information, so that the optimal value of the system is reached. For the multi-master-slave gaming model established herein, the algorithm solving flow is shown in FIG. 3.
The solving flow of the algorithm is shown in fig. 3, and because the optimization targets of the energy source provider, the energy source operator and the distributed generator-canceller group are not consistent, and the solving is also mutually influenced, the distributed optimization algorithm is selected to solve the master-slave game model. In the algorithm, the upper layer optimizes the selling energy price of an energy supplier by adopting a differential evolution algorithm, the purchasing energy of an energy operator is modeled by adopting a Yalmip and a CPLEX solver is called for solving, and the lower layer solves the optimal electricity consumption of a distributed generator group, so that the maximum consumer surplus is ensured to be obtained, the algorithm solving speed is increased, and the accuracy of the result is ensured.
If the optimal strategies obtained by each leader and follower in 2 adjacent times are the same, namely
The policy combination is deemed to converge to the equilibrium point. At this point neither participant alone can change the policy to get more revenue without affecting the other participants.
7. Example analysis
The optimization iterative process of the energy provider and the energy operator in the integrated energy system is shown in fig. 4. It can be seen that the results converged at time 50, iterating the gain balancing. When equilibrium is reached, the policies of both parties are not changed any more, which means that any participant cannot obtain more benefits by changing own policies, and the policies are the optimal solution for both parties. Finally, the energy supplier is stabilized at 10210 yuan, and the energy operator is 8459 yuan.
The pricing strategy of the upper layer energy provider is shown in fig. 5. In fig. 5 (a), the upper and lower dashed lines are the selling and surfing prices of the grid, respectively, and the energy provider formulates a price policy within this envelope that provides the energy operator with a more attractive price than the grid. Peaks appear at 13:00-15:00 and 23:00-24:00, so that renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind power and the like can be fully consumed, the electric quantity purchased from a power grid is reduced, and the income is improved. In fig. 5 (b), the upper and lower dotted lines are the upper and lower limits of the heat price of the heat supply network, respectively, and the heat price policy is formulated within this envelope as well, so that the energy operator can purchase energy from the energy supplier preferentially.
The electricity purchase price in the distributed generator-generator group is shown in fig. 6, the upper dotted line and the lower dotted line are the electricity purchase price and the internet electricity price of the energy supplier respectively, and the distributed generator-generator group internal electricity price is formulated in the envelope, so that the energy operators can purchase redundant electric energy from generators preferentially, the cost is reduced, and the on-site consumption of the photovoltaic renewable energy is greatly improved.
As shown in fig. 7, the load change of the distributed generator-generator group before and after the electric power sharing is reduced, and the fluctuation range of the load curve of the generator-generator is reduced. The peak value of the electric load is transferred from 15:00-17:00 to 13:00-15:00, the illumination in the period is strongest, the output photovoltaic power is largest, and therefore the maximum utilization rate of the photovoltaic device can be improved, and the surplus of consumers is maximized.
The distributed consumer internal energy transaction is shown in fig. 8. From the figure, we can see that the autonomy of the mutual transaction of all the producers and consumers in the distributed producer and consumer group is improved, and the energy sharing is carried out in the producer and consumer group independently except the electric energy transacted with the external operators.
As can be seen from fig. 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c), since the photovoltaic devices of both the commercial and residential producers and consumers remain, energy sharing is preferentially performed inside the distributed consumer group, and if there is a remaining photovoltaic device, the energy is recovered by the energy carrier.
In fig. 8 (d), the industrial consumer cannot supply the load demand by his own photovoltaic, so that electricity is purchased from inside the distributed consumer group, and if the consumer is still insufficient, the electricity is supplied by the energy carrier, thereby reducing the electricity purchasing cost and improving the consumer surplus.
Table 1 source operator and multi-type distributed producer-consumer energy sharing post gain
As can be seen from table 1, the gain of the energy operators and the different types of producers and consumers increases after the energy sharing, the gain of the energy operators per day is 875 yuan, the gain of the commercial producers and consumers per day is about 200 yuan, the gain of the resident type producers and consumers per day is 84 yuan, and the gain of the industrial producers and consumers per day is 447 yuan. The results show that the model herein provides increased revenue for each subject within the integrated energy system and the extent to which revenue increases varies from one role to another. It is assumed herein that there are only four producers and consumers in the distributed consumer group in the integrated energy system, but the number of consumers to be consumed in the actual system is huge, so the total gain obtained by the system is also larger.
The results of the optimal scheduling of the electric heating gas and hydrogen by the energy supplier are shown in fig. 9. In fig. 9 (a), photovoltaic, wind power generation will be sold preferentially to the energy operators in view of increasing the utilization of renewable energy, and the excess renewable energy will be stored by the electrolyzer and the electrical energy storage device. The gas turbine and the hydrogen fuel cell are used as supplements to compensate for the deficiency of renewable energy sources, thereby meeting the load demands of energy operators. The wind power is rich at night, so that the hydrogen fuel cell is used for heating to realize the sufficient consumption of the wind power, when the heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and the gas turbine is insufficient for supplying the heat load of the distributed generator group, the gas boiler supplies heat, and the power output of the gas boiler is guided by adjusting the heat price sold by the energy supplier to reach the balance of supply and demand, as shown in fig. 9 (b). In order to fully absorb renewable energy sources such as wind power and the like, the electrolytic tank utilizes the renewable energy sources to produce hydrogen, and the hydrogen is converted into natural gas through the methane generator and is supplied to the gas turbine and the gas boiler, so that the cost of purchasing gas to the gas network is reduced partially, and the economic operation of the system is realized, as shown in fig. 9 (c). In fig. 9 (d), when the renewable energy generation capacity is large, hydrogen generated by the electrolysis cell consuming the renewable energy is stored in the hydrogen storage device in addition to the methane generator and the hydrogen fuel cell. When the load demand is overlarge, the hydrogen energy is released from the hydrogen energy storage device to supply the hydrogen fuel cell to generate electric energy and heat energy, so that the supply and demand balance is achieved, and the clean and economic operation of the system is realized.
Furthermore, we compare the low carbon economic operation results of energy suppliers considering the step carbon trade with the traditional economic operation without step carbon trade, the results are as follows:
table 2 operating carbon emissions and operating costs for energy suppliers
| Parameters (parameters) | Consider a ladder carbon transaction | Regardless of the ladder carbon trade |
| Carbon displacement/kg | 7192 | 7266 |
| Carbon trade costs/metas | 2396 | 3633 |
| Cost of purchase/yuan | 11776 | 11752 |
| Total cost/meta | 14472 | 15385 |
As can be seen from table 2, the stepwise carbon transaction is introduced into the energy supplier, and the influence of carbon emission generated by the output equipment on the environment is considered, so that the carbon emission can be reduced by about 74kg, the carbon emission reduction is effectively realized, the comprehensive energy system is more environment-friendly, and meanwhile, the total running cost is reduced from 15385 yuan to 14472 yuan, so that the low-carbon economic running of the comprehensive energy system is realized.
8. A multi-main-body operation game strategy of a multi-main-body hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system considering energy sharing is provided. And taking the distributed generator-generator group as a follower, taking an energy supplier and an energy operator as leaders, solving the balanced interaction strategy of the energy supplier and the energy operator, and realizing multi-main-body collaborative optimization operation.
Verifying the validity of the operation strategy through the calculation example analysis, and obtaining the following conclusion:
1) The stepped carbon transaction mechanism is considered in the problem of optimizing operation of the hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system, so that carbon emission reduction can be effectively realized, and the environment friendliness of system operation is ensured.
2) The distributed generator gives full play to autonomy, flexibly selects a transaction mode, adjusts load demand response under a time-sharing energy price mechanism, enables the generator to flexibly use energy and maximize surplus on the premise of meeting comfort level, and promotes on-site consumption of renewable energy.
3) By introducing a double-side multi-main-body energy management strategy and a transaction operation strategy which are optimized based on master-slave gaming, the income of each main body of the comprehensive energy system can be increased, the mutual benefits and win-win of each main body are realized, and the overall economic effect of the system is more obvious.
Example two
The embodiment provides an optimized operation system of a multi-main-body comprehensive energy system considering energy sharing, which comprises the following components:
the comprehensive energy system construction module is configured to analyze the mutual coupling mechanism of multiple energy sources of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen and introduce a stepped carbon transaction mechanism to construct a comprehensive energy system;
the master-slave game model construction module is configured to establish a master-slave game model with two supply and demand sides according to mathematical models of a comprehensive energy system provider, a comprehensive energy operator and a distributed generator;
and the model solving module is configured to solve the master-slave game model of the supply and demand double sides by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system.
The above modules are the same as examples and application scenarios implemented by the corresponding steps, but are not limited to what is disclosed in the first embodiment. It should be noted that the modules described above may be implemented as part of a system in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions.
The foregoing embodiments are directed to various embodiments, and details of one embodiment may be found in the related description of another embodiment.
The proposed system may be implemented in other ways. For example, the system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, such as the division of the modules described above, are merely a logical function division, and may be implemented in other manners, such as multiple modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed.
Example III
The present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the multi-body integrated energy system optimization operating method that takes into account energy sharing as described in the above embodiment.
Example IV
The present embodiment provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, where the processor implements the steps in the multi-main body integrated energy system optimization running method for considering energy sharing according to the above embodiment when executing the program.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above-described methods in accordance with the embodiments may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a computer readable storage medium, which when executed may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), or the like.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-main-body comprehensive energy system optimizing operation method considering energy sharing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
analyzing an electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen multi-energy mutual coupling mechanism and introducing a stepped carbon transaction mechanism to construct a comprehensive energy system;
establishing a master-slave game model of both supply and demand according to mathematical models of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed producer and a consumer;
and solving a master-slave game model on both sides of supply and demand by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system.
2. The optimized operation method of the multi-main-body integrated energy system considering energy sharing according to claim 1, wherein the integrated energy system comprises four parts, an energy supply side, a multi-energy coupling link, an energy storage link and a demand side;
the energy-storing link mainly comprises electric energy storage and hydrogen energy storage, and the demand side mainly comprises resident type, commercial type and industrial type producers and consumers with different capacities;
the electric load is supplied by self photovoltaic equipment, a cogeneration unit, a hydrogen fuel cell and a wind-solar storage device, the insufficient part is supplied by an external power grid, the heat load is supplied by the cogeneration unit and a gas boiler, the gas load is supplied by a methane generator and an external gas grid, and the hydrogen load is supplied by an electrolytic tank and a hydrogen storage device.
3. The method for optimizing operation of a multi-subject integrated energy system with energy sharing considerations of claim 1, the method is characterized in that the mathematical model of the energy supplier is optimized to maximize the benefit, and specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein T is 24 hours,
for the energy supply to the energy operators at time t,/>
The energy production cost of the energy source supplier at the t moment; the above items are expressed as:
where Δt represents the length of time,
and->
The electric power and the thermal power output by the energy supplier at the time t respectively,
predicting the force for the wind power at the moment t, +.>
Wind power output power at t moment respectively, +.>
And->
The output electric power and the heat power of the cogeneration unit at the moment t are respectively>
And->
The hydrogen fuel cell outputs electric power and thermal power at time t respectively, < >>
For t time the power consumption of the electrolyzer>
For the power of the electric energy storage device at time t +.>
And->
The power grid electricity purchasing power and the gas grid gas purchasing power of the energy source supplier at the moment t are respectively +.>
For the t moment the gas boiler outputs heat power, +.>
And->
The electricity selling price and the heat selling price of the energy supplier at the moment t are respectively +.>
And->
The electricity selling price of the power grid and the gas selling price of the air grid at the moment t are respectively +.>
The method is characterized in that the method is used for carbon transaction cost of an energy supplier, and gamma is a waste wind punishment coefficient of the energy supplier;
the output of the cogeneration unit, the gas boiler, the hydrogen fuel cell and the electrolyzer t at the moment needs to meet the following conditions:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
rated capacities of a cogeneration unit, a gas boiler, a hydrogen fuel cell and an electrolytic tank are respectively set;
the carbon trade cost of the energy supplier adopts a stepwise carbon trade mechanism as follows:
wherein M is d The carbon emission right trading volume of the comprehensive energy system is lambda, l, alpha, wherein the lambda, the l, the alpha are respectively carbon trading basal prices, carbon emission volume intervals and price increasing rates; the above items are expressed as:
M d ＝M buy，r +M total，r -M MR -M buy -M CHP -M GB
wherein M is buy,r ,M total,r M is the actual carbon emission of the superior electricity purchasing and comprehensive energy system MR Actual carbon emission absorption for methane generator, M buy ,M CHP ,M GB The carbon emission rights quota of the upper-level electricity purchasing, cogeneration unit and the gas boiler are respectively a 1 ,b 1 ,c 1 And a 2 ,b 2 ,c 2 And calculating parameters for carbon emission of the coal-fired unit and the natural gas consumption type energy supply equipment respectively.
4. The method for optimizing operation of a multi-subject integrated energy system with consideration of energy sharing according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of the energy operator is optimized for the maximum benefit, specifically:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the energy selling income of the distributed consumer group at time t,/for the time point>
For the energy costs of the energy supply at time t, +.>
The purchasing cost of the distributed generator group at the t time is set; the above items are expressed as:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
and->
Electric load and thermal load of distributed generator-generator group at time t respectively, < ->
For the photovoltaic output power of the distributed generator group at time t,/>
And->
The price of electricity selling and the price of heat selling of an energy source operator at the moment t to a distributed generator-eliminator group are respectively +.>
The electricity purchase price to the distributed generator group at the time t;
in order to avoid direct power grid transactions of distributed production and elimination groups, the following constraints need to be satisfied:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the online price of the power grid at time t, < >>
The lower price limit and the upper price limit of the heat energy at the moment t are respectively.
5. The method for optimizing operation of a multi-subject integrated energy system with consideration of energy sharing according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of the distributed generator and the generator is optimized with the objective of maximizing consumer residuals, specifically:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
the utility function for the distributed producer/consumer at time t is expressed as follows:
wherein alpha is e ,α h ,v e ,v h Energy preference coefficients for the distributed producers and consumers respectively;
in order for the distributed consumer to sell excess electrical energy to the energy operator preferentially, maximizing consumer surplus, the electricity price sold inside the distributed consumer group should satisfy the following constraints:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the online price of the power grid at time t, < >>
For the purchase price of electricity to the distributed consumer group at time t, < >>
And selling electricity price for the energy source supplier at the moment t.
6. The method for optimizing operation of a multi-main integrated energy system taking energy sharing into consideration according to claim 1, wherein the two-sided master-slave gaming model for supply and demand is specifically:
wherein EH, ES and PS respectively represent three participants of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed generator group; s and F respectively represent a strategy set and a benefit target set of each participant; if it is
For the equilibrium solution of the master-slave game of the hydrogen-containing comprehensive energy system, the following needs to be satisfied:
in the formula, energy suppliers, energy operators and distributed producers and consumers can not obtain greater benefits through unilateral strategy change, and the balance solution is an optimal strategy set of each participant in master-slave games.
7. The method for optimizing operation of a multi-main-body integrated energy system taking energy sharing into consideration according to claim 1, wherein solving a master-slave game model of both supply and demand sides by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain an optimal operation strategy of the integrated energy system comprises:
aiming at solving a master-slave game model on both supply and demand sides, the upper layer adopts a differential evolution algorithm to optimize the selling energy price of an energy provider, the purchasing energy of an energy operator adopts a Yalmip model and invokes a CPLEX solver to solve, and the lower layer solves the optimal electricity consumption of a distributed generator group, so that the maximum consumer surplus is ensured to be obtained;
if the optimal strategies obtained by each leader and follower in 2 adjacent times are the same, namely
Then the policy combination is considered to converge to the equilibrium point; at this point neither participant alone can change the policy to get more revenue without affecting the other participants.
8. An energy sharing-considered multi-main-body integrated energy system optimization operation system, characterized by comprising:
the comprehensive energy system construction module is configured to analyze the mutual coupling mechanism of multiple energy sources of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen and introduce a stepped carbon transaction mechanism to construct a comprehensive energy system;
the master-slave game model construction module is configured to establish a master-slave game model with both supply and demand sides according to mathematical models of an energy supplier, an energy operator and a distributed producer;
and the model solving module is configured to solve the master-slave game model of the supply and demand double sides by adopting a double-layer optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal operation strategy of the comprehensive energy system.
9. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for optimizing operation of a multi-body integrated energy system taking into account energy sharing according to any of claims 1-7.
10. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method for optimizing operation of a multi-body integrated energy system taking into account energy sharing according to any of claims 1-7 when executing the program.
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