CN116065582B

CN116065582B - Piling method for steel pipe pile

Info

Publication number: CN116065582B
Application number: CN202310207612.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴春寒; 沈锋; 沈郑明; 汪爱国; 郑马腾
Original assignee: Ztt Marine Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Ztt Marine Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-03-07
Filing date: 2023-03-07
Publication date: 2023-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2043-03-07
Also published as: CN116065582A

Abstract

The invention discloses a piling method of a steel pipe pile, wherein a piling system comprises a first steel wire rope, a first lifting lug, a first self-locking mechanism, a displacement compensator, a second self-locking mechanism, a second steel wire rope and a piling hammer; the moving direction of the movable end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator is vertical and up-and-down sliding, a first self-locking mechanism is clamped at the movable end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator, and second self-locking mechanisms are symmetrically arranged at left and right intervals at the bottom of the fixed end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator; the lifting device is characterized in that a first lifting lug is vertically and fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the first self-locking mechanism, after the crane of the crane ship is connected with the first self-locking mechanism through a first steel wire rope, the first self-locking mechanism is clamped and self-locked with the movable end of the displacement compensator, and then the second self-locking mechanism is connected with a pile hammer which is vertically arranged through a second steel wire rope, so that vertical displacement compensation is performed through the displacement compensator in the pile sinking process. According to the invention, vertical displacement compensation is realized through the matching of the I-shaped piston rod and the bidirectional cylinder structure, and the risk of breaking the suspension arm is reduced.

Description

Piling method for steel pipe pile

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind power foundations, in particular to a steel pipe pile driving method.

Background

The existing pile hammer generally adopts a mode of directly connecting a steel wire rope and a lifting hook. When hammering pile sinking, if the supporting force of the soil layer at the bottom of the steel pipe pile is smaller, pile slipping can occur, and at the moment, the sinking speed of the steel pipe pile is larger. And when the pile is slipped, the hydraulic impact hammer can fall along with the steel pipe pile rapidly, but due to the limitation of the hoisting rigging, the hydraulic impact hammer can brake immediately after falling in an accelerating way, so that a larger deceleration can be generated, and due to F=ma, the force born by the crane system is extremely large and can reach 3-6 times of the gravity of the pile hammer, and the risk of breaking the hoisting arm exists.

In the prior art, a 'hanging beating' process is adopted, a hanging rigging is slightly lowered, so that a shackle at the top of a pile hammer is inclined at 45 degrees, and after 'pile slipping' occurs, the falling height of a hydraulic impact hammer is limited, so that the acceleration during sudden braking is reduced. However, the "hanging" process mainly depends on human judgment, and cannot accurately control the dumping angle of the shackle, and in addition, cannot ensure that the steel wire rope at the top of the shackle is in a vertical state in the whole process, so that the process still has unavoidable risks. Therefore, the above problems need to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a piling method for the steel pipe pile, wherein by arranging the displacement compensator, when the steel pipe pile is in a pile slipping state, the vertical displacement compensation can be realized through the matching of the I-shaped piston rod and the bidirectional cylinder structure, so that the falling acceleration is reduced, the risk of breaking the suspension arm is reduced, and the loss is reduced.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention relates to a piling method of a steel pipe pile, which has the innovation points that: the pile driving system comprises a first steel wire rope, a first lifting lug, a first self-locking mechanism, a displacement compensator, a second self-locking mechanism, a second steel wire rope and a pile driving hammer; the moving direction of the movable end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator is vertical and up-and-down sliding, the movable end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator is also clamped with a first self-locking mechanism, and the bottom of the fixed end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator is also symmetrically provided with a second self-locking mechanism at left and right intervals; a first lifting lug is further vertically and fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the first self-locking mechanism, after the crane of the crane ship is connected with the first self-locking mechanism through a first steel wire rope, the first self-locking mechanism is clamped and self-locked with the movable end of the displacement compensator, and then the second self-locking mechanism is connected with a pile hammer which is vertically arranged through a second steel wire rope, so that vertical displacement compensation is performed through the displacement compensator in the pile sinking process;

The displacement compensator comprises a shell and an I-shaped piston rod; the two shells are vertically and symmetrically arranged at left and right intervals, and each shell is of a hollow cuboid structure; a third lifting lug is further vertically and fixedly arranged in the middle of the outer side surface of each outer shell, an I-shaped piston rod is further vertically arranged between the two outer shells, the lower horizontal edges of the I-shaped piston rods horizontally and vertically extend to the inner parts of the corresponding outer shells respectively and are vertically and vertically connected with the corresponding inner side surfaces of the outer shells respectively in a sliding mode, the vertical edges of the I-shaped piston rods are arranged between the two outer shells at intervals, the upper horizontal edges of the I-shaped piston rods are arranged right above the two outer shells at intervals, and when the vertical edge length of the I-shaped piston rods needs to be ensured to be slid to the lower limit position, the upper horizontal edges of the I-shaped piston rods are not contacted with the upper surfaces of the two outer shells; the upper horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod is of a cuboid structure, a first groove matched with the first self-locking mechanism is further vertically embedded in the middle position of the upper surface of the I-shaped piston rod, clamping grooves are further embedded and symmetrically arranged in the middle position of the left side and the right side of the upper horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod relative to the first groove, each clamping groove is obliquely upwards arranged towards the outer side direction, the inclination angle of each clamping groove is 20 degrees, and each clamping groove is respectively communicated with the first groove;

The first self-locking mechanism comprises a clamping frame, a clamping plate, a first spring, a first pressing plate, a first fixing plate, a connecting rod, a hinge seat, a first rotating shaft, a first air cylinder and a first air cylinder seat; the clamping frame is of a hollow cuboid structure matched with the first groove, and the height of the clamping frame is smaller than the depth of the first groove; the first lifting lug is vertically and fixedly arranged at the middle position of the upper surface of the clamping frame, a first fixing plate matched with the first lifting lug is also vertically and fixedly arranged at the middle position of the inner part of the clamping frame, and the inner part of the clamping frame is divided into two parts left and right through the first fixing plate; second grooves are also vertically embedded and symmetrically arranged on the left outer side surface and the right outer side surface of the clamping frame, and each second groove is respectively communicated with the inside of the clamping frame; a clamping plate matched with the clamping groove is further vertically arranged in the second groove of each clamping frame, each clamping plate is of a rectangular structure matched with the corresponding clamping groove, and the lower end of each clamping plate is vertically and rotatably connected with the bottom of the second groove of the corresponding clamping frame through a first rotating shaft; a hinge seat is further and vertically fixed on one side, close to the second rotating shaft, of the inner side surface of each clamping plate, a connecting rod is further and horizontally arranged between each hinge seat and the first fixing plate, one end of each connecting rod is vertically hinged with the corresponding hinge seat, and the other end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected with the corresponding first pressing plate which is vertically and longitudinally arranged; each first pressing plate is arranged between the corresponding hinge seat and the first fixed plate at intervals, a plurality of first springs are horizontally arranged between each first pressing plate and the corresponding hinge seat at intervals in a matrix uniformly distributed mode, the corresponding clamping plates are pushed to turn outwards by the spring force of the first springs, the clamping plates can be inserted into the corresponding clamping grooves, and the first self-locking mechanism and the I-shaped piston rod of the displacement compensator are self-locked and fixed together; the clamping frames do not interfere with the horizontal movement of the corresponding first pressing plates, first air cylinders are horizontally arranged on the outer side surfaces of the upper ends of the first pressing plates respectively, each first air cylinder is arranged in the clamping frame, a cylinder body of each first air cylinder is fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the clamping frame through a first air cylinder seat, and piston rods of the first air cylinders are fixedly connected with the upper ends of the corresponding first pressing plates respectively in a threaded manner, so that the corresponding first pressing plates are pushed to move horizontally;

Each second self-locking mechanism does not exceed the coverage range of the lower surface of the corresponding shell, and comprises a third cylinder, a third cylinder seat, a pin shaft and a third fixing plate; two third fixing plates are vertically and longitudinally symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of each shell near the outer side at intervals, and a pin shaft is horizontally and slidably inserted between every two adjacent third fixing plates; a third cylinder is horizontally and transversely arranged on the lower surface of each shell near the inner side, the cylinder body of each third cylinder is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the corresponding shell through a third cylinder seat, and the piston rod of each third cylinder is coaxially and fixedly connected with one end of the corresponding pin shaft in a threaded manner, so that the corresponding pin shaft is pushed to be inserted into the corresponding two third fixing plates;

the piling method comprises the following steps:

step one: firstly, vertically placing a displacement compensator on a deck of a crane ship through a fixing mechanism, and connecting a third lifting lug with the crane ship through a cable, so as to ensure the stability of the transportation state of the displacement compensator; then the crane ship enters the ground;

step two: the crane of the crane ship is connected with the first lifting lug through a first steel wire rope, the first self-locking mechanism is lifted and moved to a first groove of the I-shaped piston rod, then the first self-locking mechanism is lowered until the clamping frame vertically moves downwards to the clamping groove position along the first groove, at the moment, the first cylinder does not work, the clamping plate is pushed to turn outwards under the action of the spring force of the first spring, then the first self-locking mechanism is lifted upwards, the clamping plate is clamped with the corresponding clamping groove, and further the first self-locking mechanism is connected with the displacement compensator;

Step three: the crane of the crane ship lifts the displacement compensator, the upper end coaxial center of the second steel wire rope is placed at the position between the corresponding two third fixing plates and opposite to the pin shaft, then the third cylinder pushes the pin shaft to be inserted into the corresponding third fixing plates, the upper end of the second steel wire rope is sleeved on the corresponding pin shaft, and the displacement compensator is connected with the pile hammer;

step four: the crane lifting piling system of the crane ship moves to the steel pipe pile, the hammer cap is sleeved at the upper end of the steel pipe pile, and the pile sinking operation of the steel pipe pile is guided and limited in the process;

step five: then pile sinking operation of the steel pipe pile is carried out, vertical displacement compensation is carried out through the I-shaped piston rod in the pile sinking process, and when the strength is overlarge, the pin shaft part of the second self-locking mechanism is disconnected, and a pile hammer is abandoned;

step six: after pile sinking of the steel pipe piles is completed, the pile driving system is recovered through the crane of the crane ship, then the second steel wire rope is firstly unwound, the bottom of the displacement compensator is vertically placed in the fixing mechanism, the first self-locking mechanism is continuously lowered until the clamping plate is separated from the clamping groove, at the moment, the first air cylinder starts to work, the first pressing plate is pushed to ensure that the clamping plate does not turn outwards, then the first self-locking mechanism is lifted upwards to separate from the displacement compensator, the third lifting lug is connected with the crane ship through the cable, and then the crane ship leaves the field.

Preferably, the displacement compensator further comprises a second cylinder, a second cylinder seat and a sliding rail; a sliding groove is vertically embedded and penetrated at the sliding position of the corresponding outer side surface of the inner side of each shell relative to the I-shaped piston rod, each sliding groove is matched with the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod, and the vertical opening length of each sliding groove corresponds to the vertical up-down sliding stroke of the I-shaped piston rod; sliding rails are further vertically arranged at the joint of the two ends of the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod and the corresponding inner side surface of the corresponding shell, each sliding rail is fixedly connected with the corresponding inner side surface, which is close to the outer side, of the corresponding shell, sliding blocks matched with the sliding rails are further fixedly arranged at the two ends of the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod, and further the stability of vertical up-down sliding of the I-shaped piston rod along the sliding grooves is ensured through the matching of the sliding blocks and the sliding rails; and second air cylinders are further vertically and symmetrically arranged at the inner side of each shell relative to the lower horizontal edge and the lower side of the I-shaped piston rod, the cylinder body of each second air cylinder is respectively arranged at one side far away from the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod and is fixedly connected with the corresponding inner side surface of the corresponding shell through a second air cylinder seat, and the piston rod of each second air cylinder is respectively fixedly connected with the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod in a threaded manner and drives the I-shaped piston rod to vertically slide up and down so as to perform vertical displacement compensation.

Preferably, the device further comprises a ring beam, a buffer assembly, a first roller and a roller seat; two ring beams are arranged between the two shells at the position corresponding to the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod at intervals horizontally and coaxially, each ring beam is connected with the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod in a sleeved mode at intervals coaxially, and the outer circumferential surfaces of the ring beams are welded and fixed with the corresponding outer side surfaces of the two shells close to the inner side respectively; a plurality of roller seats are uniformly distributed and spaced along the circumferential direction between each ring beam and the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod, and buffer components are respectively and spirally connected between each roller seat and the corresponding ring beam and are used for buffering in the horizontal direction; and a first roller is further vertically arranged between each roller seat and the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod, each first roller is respectively and rotatably connected with the corresponding roller seat, the rotating direction of each first roller is consistent with the vertical up-and-down sliding direction of the I-shaped piston rod, and the first rollers are in abutting contact with the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod to guide and limit the vertical up-and-down sliding of the I-shaped piston rod.

Preferably, each buffer assembly comprises a buffer frame, a second pressing plate, a supporting rod, a second fixing plate and a buffer spring; each buffer frame is of a hollow cuboid structure which is horizontally arranged, a second pressing plate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the inside of each buffer frame, each second pressing plate is of a rectangular structure which is matched with the inside of the corresponding buffer frame, and two ends of each second pressing plate are respectively abutted against and attached to the inner side wall of the corresponding buffer frame; a plurality of buffer springs are vertically arranged on the upper surface of each second pressing plate at intervals in a matrix and are uniformly distributed, the upper end of each buffer spring is fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the corresponding buffer frame, and the lower end of each buffer spring is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the corresponding second pressing plate; support rods are vertically and symmetrically arranged at four right angles on the lower surface of each second pressing plate, the upper end of each support rod is fixedly connected with the corresponding second pressing plate, the lower end of each support rod vertically and downwards extends out of the lower surface of the corresponding buffer frame, each support rod is vertically and slidingly connected with the corresponding buffer frame, and the lower end of each support rod is horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with the upper surface of the corresponding second fixing plate; each second fixing plate is in threaded connection and fixed with the corresponding position of the inner circumferential surface of the corresponding ring beam, and the upper surface of each buffer frame is connected with the corresponding roller seat respectively, so that buffering is carried out through the buffer assembly.

Preferably, the first self-locking mechanism further comprises a reinforcing rod; reinforcing rods are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at the lower position of the inner part of the clamping frame relative to the left side and the right side of the first fixing plate, each reinforcing rod is fixedly connected with the first fixing plate and the inner bottom surface of the clamping frame respectively, and does not interfere the horizontal movement of the corresponding first pressing plate, so that the first fixing plate is supported and reinforced; the depth of the first groove needs to ensure that the clamping frame can vertically move downwards until the clamping plate completely withdraws from the corresponding clamping groove.

Preferably, the fixing mechanism comprises a box body and a supporting column; support plates are horizontally and symmetrically fixed on the left and right outer side surfaces of each shell near the bottom of the shell, each support plate does not interfere the action of the corresponding second self-locking mechanism, reinforcing plates are vertically arranged between the upper surface of each support plate and the corresponding shell, and the support plates are supported and reinforced through the reinforcing plates; the box body is of a hollow cuboid structure horizontally arranged on a deck of the crane ship, the upper surface of the box body is open, the inner space of the box body is larger than the coverage range of the displacement compensator in a vertical state, and the height of the box body is smaller than the height of the displacement compensator and larger than the height corresponding to the supporting plate; the bottom of the displacement compensator is vertically supported on the inner bottom surface of the box body, supporting columns are further vertically arranged on the inner bottom surface of the box body relative to the position of the supporting plate, the height of each supporting column is required to ensure that the second self-locking mechanism is not contacted with the inner bottom surface of the box body, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are further vertically arranged between the two sides of the bottom of the second self-locking mechanism and the inner bottom surface of the box body at intervals, the corresponding supporting columns are supported and reinforced through the reinforcing ribs, and then the displacement compensator is vertically placed on a deck of a crane ship through the fixing mechanism.

Preferably, the pile driving hammer comprises a hammer body, a second lifting lug, a hammer cap, a pushing device and a limiting assembly; the hammer cap is of a hollow cylinder structure which is vertically arranged, the lower surface of the hammer cap is open, and the hammer cap extends downwards in a tilting manner in a direction away from the center of the hammer cap, so that a horn mouth matched with the steel pipe pile is formed; the upper surface of the hammer cap is also vertically and fixedly provided with a hammer body in a coaxial manner, and the top of the hammer body is also vertically and horizontally provided with second lifting lugs at intervals, and the second lifting lugs are used for being connected with the lower end of a second steel wire rope; a plurality of thrusters are horizontally arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the middle lower part of the outer circumferential surface of the hammer cap, and each thruster can adopt a hydraulic cylinder or a thrusting bolt; the fixed end of each pushing device is respectively and fixedly connected with the outer circumferential surface of the hammer cap in a threaded manner, the movable end of each pushing device extends horizontally and vertically to the inside of the hammer cap, and is respectively and fixedly connected with the corresponding limiting component in a threaded manner, so that the corresponding limiting component is driven to do horizontal reciprocating motion, and the steel pipe pile is limited in the horizontal direction.

Preferably, each limiting assembly comprises a support, a rib plate, a toggle plate and a rubber pad; each support is an arc-shaped plate coaxially arranged with the hammer cap, and the concave surfaces of the supports are arranged oppositely; the middle position of the outer surface of each support is respectively in threaded connection and fixation with the movable end of the corresponding pushing device, a plurality of rib plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on the inner surface of each support at intervals along the radian direction of the support, each rib plate is vertically arranged along the radial direction of the arc plate, the upper end of each rib plate is not interfered with the inner top surface of the hammer cap, the lower end of each rib plate extends downwards in a tilting manner in the direction away from the center of the hammer cap, and a horn shape matched with the opening end of the hammer cap is formed; the minimum distance between each rib plate and the outer circumferential surface of the steel pipe pile is 10-15 mm, and then the corresponding pushing device drives the steel pipe pile to horizontally move to the position close to the outer circumferential surface of the steel pipe pile, so that the steel pipe pile is horizontally limited; the two side surfaces of each rib plate along the radian direction of the support are respectively provided with a toggle plate, and each toggle plate is welded and fixed with the corresponding rib plate and the support respectively, so that the corresponding rib plate is reinforced and fixed; and a rubber pad is fixedly attached to one side surface of each rib plate, which is close to the steel pipe pile, and buffering is carried out through the rubber pad.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) According to the invention, by arranging the displacement compensator, when the steel pipe pile is in a pile slipping state, the vertical displacement compensation is realized through the matching of the I-shaped piston rod and the bidirectional cylinder structure, so that the falling acceleration is reduced, the risk of breaking the suspension arm is reduced, and the loss is reduced;

(2) According to the invention, the first self-locking mechanism is arranged, so that the crane on the crane ship can be automatically connected with the displacement compensator conveniently, manual overhead operation is not needed, the working efficiency is improved, and the safety is high;

(3) According to the invention, through the cooperation of the ring beam, the buffer component and the first roller, the I-shaped piston rod is guided and limited, and meanwhile, the buffer component can also play a role in buffering;

(4) According to the invention, through the matched use of the box body and the support column, the displacement compensator with the height of more than 11m can be vertically placed on the deck of the crane ship, so that the lifting is convenient, and the working efficiency is improved;

(5) According to the invention, the second self-locking mechanism is arranged, so that the displacement compensator and the pile driving hammer are automatically connected, and meanwhile, when the strength is overlarge due to the fact that the falling acceleration of a 'slide pile' is too fast, the pin shaft part can be disconnected, so that the pile driving hammer is abandoned, the displacement compensator and the boom part of a crane ship are ensured, and the loss is reduced to the minimum;

(6) According to the invention, the pushing device is arranged, so that the rib plate can horizontally move along the radial direction of the steel pipe pile and can horizontally limit the steel pipe pile, the pile driving device is suitable for pile driving operations of steel pipe piles with different specifications, the cost is saved, and the application range is wide.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a pile driving system for a steel pipe pile according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the placement of the displacement compensator part of the invention on the deck of a crane vessel.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a displacement compensator portion of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first self-locking mechanism in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a in fig. 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the cushioning assembly of FIG. 5.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion B in fig. 3.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the fixing mechanism in fig. 2.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a pile driving hammer according to the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a view of fig. 9C-C.

1-a first lifting lug; 2-a first self-locking mechanism; a 3-displacement compensator; 4-a second self-locking mechanism; 5-a fixing mechanism; 6-a hammer body; 7-a second lifting lug; 8-hammer cap; 9-a limiting assembly; 10-a second wire rope; 11-a third lifting lug; 12-supporting plates; 13-reinforcing plates; 201-clamping a frame; 202-clamping plates; 203-a first spring; 204-a first platen; 205-a first fixing plate; 206-a reinforcing bar; 207-connecting rods; 208-hinging seat; 209-a first spindle; 210-a first cylinder; 211-a first cylinder seat; 301-a housing; 302-a second cylinder; 303-a second cylinder block; 304-an I-shaped piston rod; 305-sliding rails; 306-a first groove; 307-clamping groove; 308-a chute; 309-ring beam; 310-a buffer assembly; 311-a first roller; 312-roller seat; 3101-a buffer frame; 3102-a second platen; 3103-support bar; 3104-a second fixing plate; 3105-buffer springs; 41-a third cylinder; 42-a third cylinder block; 43-pin shaft; 44-a third fixing plate; 51-a box body; 52-supporting columns; 91-pushing device; 92-supporting seats; 93-rib plates; 94-toggle plate; 95-rubber pad.

Description of the embodiments

The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following detailed description.

The invention relates to a piling method of a steel pipe pile, wherein a piling system comprises a first steel wire rope, a first lifting lug 1, a first self-locking mechanism 2, a displacement compensator 3, a second self-locking mechanism 4, a second steel wire rope 10 and a piling hammer; the specific structure is as shown in fig. 1-10, the moving direction of the movable end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator 3 is vertical up-and-down sliding, the movable end is also clamped with a first self-locking mechanism 2, and the bottom of the fixed end is also symmetrically provided with a second self-locking mechanism 4 at left and right intervals; the upper surface of the first self-locking mechanism 2 is further vertically and fixedly provided with a first lifting lug 1, after the crane of the crane ship is connected with the first self-locking mechanism 2 through a first steel wire rope, the movable end of the first self-locking mechanism 2 and the movable end of the displacement compensator 3 are clamped and self-locked, and then the second self-locking mechanism 4 is connected with a pile hammer which is vertically arranged through a second steel wire rope 10, so that vertical displacement compensation is performed through the displacement compensator 3 in the pile sinking process.

The displacement compensator 3 comprises a shell 301, a second cylinder 302, a second cylinder seat 303, an I-shaped piston rod 304, a sliding rail 305, a ring beam 309, a buffer component 310, a first roller 311 and a roller seat 312; as shown in fig. 1-3, two shells 301 are vertically and symmetrically arranged at left and right intervals, and each shell 301 has a hollow cuboid structure; an I-shaped piston rod 304 is further vertically arranged between the two shells 301, the lower horizontal edges of the I-shaped piston rod 304 respectively extend horizontally and vertically to the inside of the corresponding shells 301 and are respectively connected with the corresponding inner side surfaces of the outer sides of the corresponding shells 301 in a vertical up-down sliding mode, the vertical edges of the I-shaped piston rod 304 are arranged between the two shells 301 at intervals, the upper horizontal edges of the I-shaped piston rod 304 are arranged right above the two shells 301 at intervals, and when the vertical edge length of the I-shaped piston rod 304 needs to be ensured to slide to a lower limit position, the upper horizontal edges of the I-shaped piston rod 304 are not contacted with the upper surfaces of the two shells 301; a sliding groove 308 is vertically embedded and penetrated in the sliding position of the corresponding outer side surface of each shell 301 close to the inner side relative to the I-shaped piston rod 304, each sliding groove 308 is matched with the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod 304, and the vertical opening length of each sliding groove corresponds to the vertical up-down sliding stroke of the I-shaped piston rod 304; slide rails 305 are further vertically arranged at the joint of the two ends of the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod 304 and the corresponding inner side surface of the corresponding shell 301, each slide rail 305 is fixedly connected with the corresponding inner side surface of the corresponding shell 301 at the outer side, and sliding blocks matched with the slide rails 305 are further fixedly arranged at the two ends of the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod 304, so that the stability of vertical up-down sliding of the I-shaped piston rod 304 along the sliding grooves 308 is ensured through the matching of the sliding blocks and the slide rails 305;

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a second cylinder 302 is further vertically and symmetrically arranged at the inner side of each housing 301 opposite to the lower horizontal side and the upper side of the i-shaped piston rod 304, the cylinder body of each second cylinder 302 is respectively arranged at one side far away from the lower horizontal side of the i-shaped piston rod 304, and is fixedly connected with the corresponding inner side surface of the corresponding housing 301 through a second cylinder seat 303, and the piston rod of each second cylinder 302 is respectively fixedly connected with the lower horizontal side of the i-shaped piston rod 304 in a threaded manner and drives the i-shaped piston rod 304 to vertically slide up and down. The second cylinders 302 arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the steel pipe pile form a bidirectional cylinder structure, so that when the steel pipe pile is in a pile sliding state, vertical displacement compensation can be realized through the matching of the I-shaped piston rod 304 and the bidirectional cylinder structure, the falling acceleration is reduced, the risk of breaking the suspension arm is reduced, and the loss is reduced.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, two ring beams 309 are arranged between the two shells 301 at a position opposite to the vertical edge of the i-shaped piston rod 304 at intervals horizontally and coaxially, each ring beam 309 is sleeved on the vertical edge of the i-shaped piston rod 304 at intervals coaxially, and the outer circumferential surfaces of the ring beams are welded and fixed with the corresponding outer side surfaces of the inner sides of the two shells 301 respectively; a plurality of roller seats 312 are uniformly and alternately arranged between each ring beam 309 and the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod 304 along the circumferential direction, and buffer assemblies 310 are respectively and spirally connected between each roller seat 312 and the corresponding ring beam 309, and buffer is carried out in the horizontal direction through the buffer assemblies 310; a first roller 311 is further vertically arranged between each roller seat 312 and the vertical edge of the i-shaped piston rod 304, each first roller 311 is respectively and rotatably connected with the corresponding roller seat 312, the rotation direction of each first roller 311 is consistent with the vertical up-down sliding direction of the i-shaped piston rod 304, and the first rollers 311 are in abutting contact with the vertical edge of the i-shaped piston rod 304 to guide and limit the vertical up-down sliding of the i-shaped piston rod 304.

Since the vibration direction is not a single vertical direction, the invention plays a role in buffering by arranging the buffer assemblies 210, and each buffer assembly 310 comprises a buffer frame 3101, a second pressing plate 3102, a supporting rod 3103, a second fixing plate 3104 and a buffer spring 3105; as shown in fig. 6, each buffer frame 3101 has a hollow rectangular structure horizontally arranged, and a second pressing plate 3102 is horizontally arranged in the middle of the inside of each buffer frame 3101, each second pressing plate 3102 has a rectangular structure matched with the inside of the corresponding buffer frame 3101, and two ends of each second pressing plate 3102 are respectively abutted against and attached to the inner side wall of the corresponding buffer frame 3101; a plurality of buffer springs 3105 are vertically arranged on the upper surface of each second pressing plate 3102 in a matrix at intervals, the upper end of each buffer spring 3105 is fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the corresponding buffer frame 3101 respectively, and the lower end of each buffer spring 3105 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the corresponding second pressing plate 3102 respectively; support rods 3103 are further vertically and symmetrically arranged at four right angles on the lower surface of each second pressing plate 3102, the upper end of each support rod 3103 is fixedly connected with the corresponding second pressing plate 3102, the lower end of each support rod 3103 vertically and downwardly extends out of the lower surface of the corresponding buffer frame 3101 respectively, each support rod 3103 is vertically and slidingly connected with the corresponding buffer frame 3101, and the lower end of each support rod 3103 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the corresponding second fixing plate 3104 horizontally arranged; in the present invention, each second fixing plate 3104 is screwed and fixed to a corresponding position on the inner circumferential surface of the corresponding ring beam 309, and the upper surface of each buffer frame 3101 is connected to the corresponding roller seat 312, so as to buffer by the buffer assembly 310.

As shown in fig. 3, the upper horizontal edge of the i-shaped piston rod 304 is of a cuboid structure, a first groove 306 matched with the first self-locking mechanism 2 is further vertically embedded in the middle position of the upper surface of the i-shaped piston rod 304, clamping grooves 307 are further embedded and symmetrically arranged in the middle position of the left side and the right side of the upper horizontal edge of the i-shaped piston rod 304 relative to the first groove 306, each clamping groove 307 is obliquely upwards arranged in the outer direction, and the inclination angles of the clamping grooves are 20 degrees and are respectively communicated with the first groove 306.

The height of the displacement compensator 3 is more than 11m, when the displacement compensator is vertically placed on the deck of a crane ship, the first steel wire rope is inconvenient to be connected with the displacement compensator 3 manually, so that the automatic connection is realized by arranging the first self-locking mechanism 2, and the first self-locking mechanism 2 comprises a clamping frame 201, a clamping plate 202, a first spring 203, a first pressing plate 204, a first fixing plate 205, a reinforcing rod 206, a connecting rod 207, a hinge seat 208, a first rotating shaft 209, a first air cylinder 210 and a first air cylinder seat 211; as shown in fig. 4, the horizontally arranged clamping frame 201 has a hollow cuboid structure matched with the first groove 306, and the height of the clamping frame is smaller than the depth of the first groove 306; the first lifting lug 1 is vertically and fixedly arranged at the middle position of the upper surface of the clamping frame 201, a first fixing plate 205 matched with the first lifting lug is also vertically and fixedly arranged at the middle position of the inside of the clamping frame 201, and the inside of the clamping frame 201 is divided into two parts left and right through the first fixing plate 205; reinforcing rods 206 are symmetrically and obliquely arranged on the left side and the right side of the first fixing plate 205 at the inner lower position of the clamping frame 201, and each reinforcing rod 206 is fixedly connected with the first fixing plate 205 and the inner bottom surface of the clamping frame 201 respectively so as to support and strengthen the first fixing plate 205; second grooves are also vertically embedded and symmetrically arranged on the left outer side surface and the right outer side surface of the clamping frame 201, and each second groove is respectively communicated with the inside of the clamping frame 201; a clamping plate 202 matched with the second groove of each clamping frame 201 is further vertically arranged in the second groove of each clamping frame 201, each clamping plate 202 is of a rectangular structure matched with the corresponding clamping groove 307, and the lower ends of the clamping plates are vertically and rotatably connected with the bottoms of the second grooves of the corresponding clamping frames 201 through first rotating shafts 209 respectively;

As shown in fig. 4, a hinge seat 208 is further vertically and fixedly arranged on one side of the inner side surface of each clamping plate 202 close to the second rotating shaft, a connecting rod 207 is further horizontally arranged between each hinge seat 208 and the first fixing plate 205, one end of each connecting rod 207 is vertically hinged with the corresponding hinge seat 208, and the other end of each connecting rod 207 is fixedly connected with the corresponding vertically and longitudinally arranged first pressing plate 204; each first pressing plate 204 is respectively arranged between the first fixing plate 205 and the corresponding hinging seat 208 at intervals, a plurality of first springs 203 are horizontally arranged between each first pressing plate 204 and the first fixing plate 205 at intervals which are uniformly distributed in a matrix, the corresponding clamping plate 202 is pushed to turn over towards the outer side by the spring force of the first springs 203, and further, the clamping plate 202 can be ensured to be inserted into the corresponding clamping groove 307, so that the first self-locking mechanism 2 and the I-shaped piston rod 304 of the displacement compensator 3 are self-locked and fixed together; the clamping frame 201 and each reinforcing rod 206 do not interfere with the horizontal movement of the corresponding first pressing plate 204, a first air cylinder 210 is horizontally arranged on the outer side surface of the upper end of each first pressing plate 204, each first air cylinder 210 is arranged in the clamping frame 201, the cylinder body of each first air cylinder is fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the clamping frame 201 through a first air cylinder seat 211, the piston rod of each first air cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper end of the corresponding first pressing plate 204 in a threaded manner, and the corresponding first pressing plate 204 is pushed to move horizontally; the depth of the first groove 306 is required to ensure that the card frame 201 can move vertically downward until the card 202 is completely withdrawn from the corresponding card slot 307.

Each second self-locking mechanism 4 does not exceed the coverage range of the lower surface of the corresponding shell 301, and comprises a third cylinder 41, a third cylinder seat 42, a pin shaft 43 and a third fixing plate 44; as shown in fig. 3 and 7, two third fixing plates 44 are vertically and longitudinally symmetrically arranged on the lower surface of each housing 301 at left and right intervals on the outer side, and a pin shaft 43 is horizontally and slidably inserted between every two adjacent third fixing plates 44; a third cylinder 41 is horizontally and transversely arranged on the lower surface of each shell 301 near the inner side, the cylinder body of each third cylinder 41 is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the corresponding shell 301 through a third cylinder seat 42, and the piston rod of each third cylinder is coaxially and fixedly connected with one end of a corresponding pin 43 in a threaded manner, so that the corresponding pin 43 is pushed to be inserted into two corresponding third fixing plates 44; the upper end of each second steel wire rope 10 is respectively sleeved between the corresponding pin shaft 43 and the corresponding two third fixing plates 44, so that the displacement compensator 3 and the pile hammer are connected together. According to the invention, by arranging the second self-locking mechanism 4, the automatic connection of the displacement compensator 3 and the pile driving hammer is realized, and meanwhile, when the strength is too high due to the fact that the pile sliding speed is too high, the pin shaft 43 part can be disconnected, so that the pile driving hammer is abandoned, the displacement compensator 3 and the boom part of a crane ship are ensured, and the loss is reduced to the minimum.

The invention also comprises a third lifting lug 11, a supporting plate 12, a reinforcing plate 13 and a fixing mechanism 5, wherein the fixing mechanism 5 comprises a box body 51 and a supporting column 52; as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a third lifting lug 11 is further vertically fixed in the middle of the outer side surface of each housing 301 near the outer side, supporting plates 12 are further horizontally and symmetrically fixed on the left and right outer side surfaces near the bottom of each housing, each supporting plate 12 does not interfere with the action of the corresponding second self-locking mechanism 4, reinforcing plates 13 are further vertically arranged between the upper surface of each supporting plate and the corresponding housing 301, and the corresponding supporting plates 12 are supported and reinforced by the reinforcing plates 13;

as shown in fig. 8, the box 51 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure horizontally disposed on the deck of the crane ship, and the upper surface thereof is open, and the inner space of the box 51 is larger than the coverage of the displacement compensator 3 in the vertical state, and the height thereof is smaller than the height of the displacement compensator 3 and larger than the height of the corresponding support plate 12; the bottom of the displacement compensator 3 is vertically supported on the inner bottom surface of the box body 51, supporting columns 52 are vertically arranged at positions of the inner bottom surface of the box body 51 relative to the supporting plates 12, the height of each supporting column 52 is required to ensure that the second self-locking mechanism 4 is not contacted with the inner bottom surface of the box body 51, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are vertically arranged between two sides of the bottom of the second self-locking mechanism and the inner bottom surface of the box body 51 at intervals, the corresponding supporting columns 52 are supported and reinforced through the reinforcing ribs, and the displacement compensator 3 is vertically placed on a deck of a crane ship through the fixing mechanism 5. According to the invention, through the matched use of the box body 51 and the support columns 52, the displacement compensator 3 with the height of more than 11m can be vertically placed on the deck of the crane ship, so that the crane ship is convenient to hoist, and the working efficiency is improved.

The pile driving hammer comprises a hammer body 6, a second lifting lug 7, a hammer cap 8, a pushing device 91 and a limiting component 9; as shown in fig. 1, 9 and 10, the hammer cap 8 is a hollow cylinder structure arranged vertically, and the lower surface of the hammer cap is open and extends downwards in a slanting manner in a direction away from the center of the hammer cap, so that a bell mouth matched with the steel pipe pile is formed; the upper surface of the hammer cap 8 is also vertically and fixedly provided with a hammer body 6 in a coaxial manner, and the top of the hammer body 6 is also vertically and horizontally provided with second lifting lugs 7 at intervals, which are used for being connected with the lower end of a second steel wire rope 10; a plurality of thrusters 91 are horizontally arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the middle lower position of the outer circumferential surface of the hammer cap 8, and each thruster 91 can adopt a hydraulic cylinder or a thrusting bolt; the fixed end of each pushing device 91 is respectively in threaded connection and fixation with the outer circumferential surface of the hammer cap 8, the movable end of each pushing device extends horizontally and vertically to the inside of the hammer cap 8, and is respectively in threaded connection and fixation with the corresponding limiting component 9 which is vertically arranged, so that the corresponding limiting component 9 is driven to do horizontal reciprocating motion, and the steel pipe pile is limited in the horizontal direction.

Wherein each limiting assembly 9 comprises a support 92, a rib plate 93, a toggle plate 94 and a rubber pad 95; as shown in fig. 9 and 10, each support 92 is an arc-shaped plate coaxially arranged with the hammer cap 8, and the concave surfaces thereof are arranged opposite to each other; the middle position of the outer surface of each support 92 is respectively in threaded connection and fixation with the movable end of the corresponding pushing device 91, a plurality of rib plates 93 are vertically and fixedly arranged on the inner surface of each support along the radian direction of each support at intervals, each rib plate 93 is vertically arranged along the radial direction of the arc plate, the upper end of each rib plate 93 is arranged in a non-interference manner with the inner top surface of the hammer cap 8, the lower end of each rib plate extends downwards in a tilting manner towards the direction far away from the center of the hammer cap 8, and a horn shape matched with the opening end of the hammer cap 8 is formed; the minimum distance between each rib plate 93 and the outer circumferential surface of the steel pipe pile is 10-15 mm, and then the corresponding pushing device 91 drives the steel pipe pile to horizontally move to the position close to the outer circumferential surface of the steel pipe pile, so that the steel pipe pile is horizontally limited; the two side surfaces of each rib plate 93 along the radian direction of the support 92 are respectively provided with a toggle plate 94, and each toggle plate 94 is respectively welded and fixed with the corresponding rib plate 93 and the support 92, so that the corresponding rib plate 93 is reinforced and fixed; a rubber pad 95 is fixedly attached to one side surface of each rib plate 93 close to the steel pipe pile, and buffering is carried out through the rubber pad 95.

The invention discloses a piling method of a steel pipe pile, which comprises the following steps of:

step one: firstly, vertically placing the displacement compensator 3 on a deck of a crane ship through a fixing mechanism 5, and connecting a third lifting lug 11 with the crane ship through a cable, so as to ensure the stability of the transportation state of the displacement compensator 3; and then the crane vessel enters the field.

Step two: the crane of the crane ship is connected with the first lifting lug 1 through a first steel wire rope, the first self-locking mechanism 2 is lifted and moved to the first groove 306 of the I-shaped piston rod 304, then the first self-locking mechanism 2 is lowered until the clamping frame 201 vertically moves downwards to the clamping groove 307 along the first groove 306, at the moment, the first cylinder 210 does not work, the clamping plate 202 is pushed to turn outwards under the action of the spring force of the first spring 203, then the first self-locking mechanism 2 is lifted upwards, the clamping plate 202 is clamped with the corresponding clamping groove 307, and then the first self-locking mechanism 2 is connected with the displacement compensator 3.

Step three: the crane of the crane ship lifts the displacement compensator 3, the upper end coaxial center of the second steel wire rope 10 is placed at the position, corresponding to the pin shaft 43, between the two corresponding third fixing plates 44, the pin shaft 43 is pushed by the third air cylinder 41 to be inserted into the corresponding third fixing plates 44, the upper end of the second steel wire rope 10 is sleeved on the corresponding pin shaft 43, and then the displacement compensator 3 is connected with the pile hammer.

Step four: the crane lifting piling system of the crane ship moves to the steel pipe pile, the hammer cap is sleeved at the upper end of the steel pipe pile, and the pile sinking operation of the steel pipe pile is guided and limited through the limiting component 9 under the driving of the pushing device 91.

Step five: and then pile sinking operation is carried out on the steel pipe pile, in the pile sinking process, if pile sliding of the steel pipe pile occurs, vertical displacement compensation is carried out through the matching of the I-shaped piston rod 304 and the bidirectional cylinder structure, and when the strength is overlarge due to the fact that the pile sliding falls down acceleration is too fast, the pin shaft 43 of the second self-locking mechanism 4 is partially disconnected, a pile hammer is abandoned, and the displacement compensator 3 and the boom part of the crane ship are saved.

Step six: after pile sinking of the steel pipe pile is completed, the pile driving system is recovered through the crane of the crane ship, the second steel wire rope 10 is firstly unwound, the bottom of the displacement compensator 3 is vertically placed in the fixing mechanism 5, the first self-locking mechanism 2 is continuously lowered until the clamping plate 202 is separated from the clamping groove 307, at the moment, the first air cylinder 210 starts to work, the first pressing plate 204 is pushed to ensure that the clamping plate 202 does not turn outwards, then the first self-locking mechanism 2 is lifted upwards to separate from the displacement compensator 3, the third lifting lug 11 is connected with the crane ship through a cable, and then the crane ship is separated from the field.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) According to the invention, by arranging the displacement compensator 3, when the steel pipe pile is in a pile slipping state, the vertical displacement compensation is realized through the matching of the I-shaped piston rod 304 and the bidirectional cylinder structure, so that the falling acceleration is reduced, the risk of breaking the suspension arm is reduced, and the loss is reduced;

(2) According to the invention, the first self-locking mechanism 2 is arranged, so that the crane on the crane ship can be automatically connected with the displacement compensator 3 conveniently, manual overhead operation is not needed, the working efficiency is improved, and the safety is high;

(3) The invention plays a role in guiding and limiting the I-shaped piston rod 304 and also plays a role in buffering the I-shaped piston rod 304 through the matching use of the ring beam 309, the buffer component 310 and the first roller 311;

(4) According to the invention, through the matched use of the box body 51 and the support columns 52, the displacement compensator 3 with the height of more than 11m can be vertically placed on the deck of the crane ship, so that the crane ship is convenient to hoist, and the working efficiency is improved;

(5) According to the invention, by arranging the second self-locking mechanism 4, when the automatic connection of the displacement compensator 3 and the pile driving hammer is realized, and when the strength is too high due to the too fast falling acceleration of the 'slide pile', the pin shaft 43 part can be disconnected, so that the pile driving hammer is abandoned, the displacement compensator 3 and the boom part of the crane ship are ensured, and the loss is reduced to the minimum;

(6) According to the invention, the pushing device 91 is arranged, so that the rib plates 93 can horizontally move along the radial direction of the steel pipe pile and horizontally limit the steel pipe pile, thereby being suitable for piling operations of steel pipe piles with different specifications, saving cost and having wide application range.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the claimed technical content of the present invention is fully described in the claims.

Claims

1. A method of piling a steel pipe pile, characterized by: the pile driving system comprises a first steel wire rope, a first lifting lug, a first self-locking mechanism, a displacement compensator, a second self-locking mechanism, a second steel wire rope and a pile driving hammer; the moving direction of the movable end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator is vertical and up-and-down sliding, the movable end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator is also clamped with a first self-locking mechanism, and the bottom of the fixed end of the vertically arranged displacement compensator is also symmetrically provided with a second self-locking mechanism at left and right intervals; a first lifting lug is further vertically and fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the first self-locking mechanism, after the crane of the crane ship is connected with the first self-locking mechanism through a first steel wire rope, the first self-locking mechanism is clamped and self-locked with the movable end of the displacement compensator, and then the second self-locking mechanism is connected with a pile hammer which is vertically arranged through a second steel wire rope, so that vertical displacement compensation is performed through the displacement compensator in the pile sinking process;

the piling method comprises the following steps:

2. A method of driving a steel pipe pile according to claim 1, wherein: the displacement compensator further comprises a second cylinder, a second cylinder seat and a sliding rail; a sliding groove is vertically embedded and penetrated at the sliding position of the corresponding outer side surface of the inner side of each shell relative to the I-shaped piston rod, each sliding groove is matched with the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod, and the vertical opening length of each sliding groove corresponds to the vertical up-down sliding stroke of the I-shaped piston rod; sliding rails are further vertically arranged at the joint of the two ends of the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod and the corresponding inner side surface of the corresponding shell, each sliding rail is fixedly connected with the corresponding inner side surface, which is close to the outer side, of the corresponding shell, sliding blocks matched with the sliding rails are further fixedly arranged at the two ends of the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod, and further the stability of vertical up-down sliding of the I-shaped piston rod along the sliding grooves is ensured through the matching of the sliding blocks and the sliding rails; and second air cylinders are further vertically and symmetrically arranged at the inner side of each shell relative to the lower horizontal edge and the lower side of the I-shaped piston rod, the cylinder body of each second air cylinder is respectively arranged at one side far away from the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod and is fixedly connected with the corresponding inner side surface of the corresponding shell through a second air cylinder seat, and the piston rod of each second air cylinder is respectively fixedly connected with the lower horizontal edge of the I-shaped piston rod in a threaded manner and drives the I-shaped piston rod to vertically slide up and down so as to perform vertical displacement compensation.

3. A method of driving a steel pipe pile according to claim 2, wherein: the device also comprises a ring beam, a buffer assembly, a first roller and a roller seat; two ring beams are arranged between the two shells at the position corresponding to the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod at intervals horizontally and coaxially, each ring beam is connected with the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod in a sleeved mode at intervals coaxially, and the outer circumferential surfaces of the ring beams are welded and fixed with the corresponding outer side surfaces of the two shells close to the inner side respectively; a plurality of roller seats are uniformly distributed and spaced along the circumferential direction between each ring beam and the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod, and buffer components are respectively and spirally connected between each roller seat and the corresponding ring beam and are used for buffering in the horizontal direction; and a first roller is further vertically arranged between each roller seat and the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod, each first roller is respectively and rotatably connected with the corresponding roller seat, the rotating direction of each first roller is consistent with the vertical up-and-down sliding direction of the I-shaped piston rod, and the first rollers are in abutting contact with the vertical edge of the I-shaped piston rod to guide and limit the vertical up-and-down sliding of the I-shaped piston rod.

4. A method of driving a steel pipe pile according to claim 3, wherein: each buffer assembly comprises a buffer frame, a second pressing plate, a supporting rod, a second fixing plate and a buffer spring; each buffer frame is of a hollow cuboid structure which is horizontally arranged, a second pressing plate is horizontally arranged in the middle of the inside of each buffer frame, each second pressing plate is of a rectangular structure which is matched with the inside of the corresponding buffer frame, and two ends of each second pressing plate are respectively abutted against and attached to the inner side wall of the corresponding buffer frame; a plurality of buffer springs are vertically arranged on the upper surface of each second pressing plate at intervals in a matrix and are uniformly distributed, the upper end of each buffer spring is fixedly connected with the inner top surface of the corresponding buffer frame, and the lower end of each buffer spring is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the corresponding second pressing plate; support rods are vertically and symmetrically arranged at four right angles on the lower surface of each second pressing plate, the upper end of each support rod is fixedly connected with the corresponding second pressing plate, the lower end of each support rod vertically and downwards extends out of the lower surface of the corresponding buffer frame, each support rod is vertically and slidingly connected with the corresponding buffer frame, and the lower end of each support rod is horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with the upper surface of the corresponding second fixing plate; each second fixing plate is in threaded connection and fixed with the corresponding position of the inner circumferential surface of the corresponding ring beam, and the upper surface of each buffer frame is connected with the corresponding roller seat respectively, so that buffering is carried out through the buffer assembly.

5. A method of driving a steel pipe pile according to claim 2, wherein: the first self-locking mechanism further comprises a reinforcing rod; reinforcing rods are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at the lower position of the inner part of the clamping frame relative to the left side and the right side of the first fixing plate, each reinforcing rod is fixedly connected with the first fixing plate and the inner bottom surface of the clamping frame respectively, and does not interfere the horizontal movement of the corresponding first pressing plate, so that the first fixing plate is supported and reinforced; the depth of the first groove needs to ensure that the clamping frame can vertically move downwards until the clamping plate completely withdraws from the corresponding clamping groove.

6. A method of driving a steel pipe pile according to claim 2, wherein: the fixing mechanism comprises a box body and a supporting column; support plates are horizontally and symmetrically fixed on the left and right outer side surfaces of each shell near the bottom of the shell, each support plate does not interfere the action of the corresponding second self-locking mechanism, reinforcing plates are vertically arranged between the upper surface of each support plate and the corresponding shell, and the support plates are supported and reinforced through the reinforcing plates; the box body is of a hollow cuboid structure horizontally arranged on a deck of the crane ship, the upper surface of the box body is open, the inner space of the box body is larger than the coverage range of the displacement compensator in a vertical state, and the height of the box body is smaller than the height of the displacement compensator and larger than the height corresponding to the supporting plate; the bottom of the displacement compensator is vertically supported on the inner bottom surface of the box body, supporting columns are further vertically arranged on the inner bottom surface of the box body relative to the position of the supporting plate, the height of each supporting column is required to ensure that the second self-locking mechanism is not contacted with the inner bottom surface of the box body, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are further vertically arranged between the two sides of the bottom of the second self-locking mechanism and the inner bottom surface of the box body at intervals, the corresponding supporting columns are supported and reinforced through the reinforcing ribs, and then the displacement compensator is vertically placed on a deck of a crane ship through the fixing mechanism.

7. A method of driving a steel pipe pile according to claim 1, wherein: the pile driving hammer comprises a hammer body, a second lifting lug, a hammer cap, a pushing device and a limiting assembly; the hammer cap is of a hollow cylinder structure which is vertically arranged, the lower surface of the hammer cap is open, and the hammer cap extends downwards in a tilting manner in a direction away from the center of the hammer cap, so that a horn mouth matched with the steel pipe pile is formed; the upper surface of the hammer cap is also vertically and fixedly provided with a hammer body in a coaxial manner, and the top of the hammer body is also vertically and horizontally provided with second lifting lugs at intervals, and the second lifting lugs are used for being connected with the lower end of a second steel wire rope; a plurality of thrusters are horizontally arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the middle lower part of the outer circumferential surface of the hammer cap, and each thruster can adopt a hydraulic cylinder or a thrusting bolt; the fixed end of each pushing device is respectively and fixedly connected with the outer circumferential surface of the hammer cap in a threaded manner, the movable end of each pushing device extends horizontally and vertically to the inside of the hammer cap, and is respectively and fixedly connected with the corresponding limiting component in a threaded manner, so that the corresponding limiting component is driven to do horizontal reciprocating motion, and the steel pipe pile is limited in the horizontal direction.

8. The method of piling a steel pipe pile according to claim 7, wherein: each limiting assembly comprises a support, a rib plate, a toggle plate and a rubber pad; each support is an arc-shaped plate coaxially arranged with the hammer cap, and the concave surfaces of the supports are arranged oppositely; the middle position of the outer surface of each support is respectively in threaded connection and fixation with the movable end of the corresponding pushing device, a plurality of rib plates are vertically and fixedly arranged on the inner surface of each support at intervals along the radian direction of the support, each rib plate is vertically arranged along the radial direction of the arc plate, the upper end of each rib plate is not interfered with the inner top surface of the hammer cap, the lower end of each rib plate extends downwards in a tilting manner in the direction away from the center of the hammer cap, and a horn shape matched with the opening end of the hammer cap is formed; the minimum distance between each rib plate and the outer circumferential surface of the steel pipe pile is 10-15 mm, and then the corresponding pushing device drives the steel pipe pile to horizontally move to the position close to the outer circumferential surface of the steel pipe pile, so that the steel pipe pile is horizontally limited; the two side surfaces of each rib plate along the radian direction of the support are respectively provided with a toggle plate, and each toggle plate is welded and fixed with the corresponding rib plate and the support respectively, so that the corresponding rib plate is reinforced and fixed; and a rubber pad is fixedly attached to one side surface of each rib plate, which is close to the steel pipe pile, and buffering is carried out through the rubber pad.