CN116063036A - Preparation formula and preparation method of bentonite - Google Patents
Preparation formula and preparation method of bentonite Download PDFInfo
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- CN116063036A CN116063036A CN202310203033.5A CN202310203033A CN116063036A CN 116063036 A CN116063036 A CN 116063036A CN 202310203033 A CN202310203033 A CN 202310203033A CN 116063036 A CN116063036 A CN 116063036A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of preparation of trio, in particular to a trio preparation formula and a preparation method thereof, wherein the trio preparation formula comprises soda ash, clay, sand, slag and water; the alkaline residue material is utilized to prepare, the traditional quicklime is replaced, the strength of the quality of the tri-clay is ensured by adding slag while recycling, the strength test of various mixing ratios is carried out, the tri-clay mixing ratio of the method is obtained through comparative analysis, and compared with the tri-clay of the traditional mixing ratio, the tri-clay obtained through the method has higher strength while reducing the manufacturing cost. The main materials are easy to obtain, can be used for the treatment of base layers on roads, building foundations and the like, has obvious technical and economic effects, and provides good reference for the preparation of the bentonite consisting of soda ash, clay, sand and slag.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of preparation of bentonite, in particular to a preparation formula of bentonite and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, in the construction engineering such as highway engineering, the bentonite has application in the aspects of highway engineering, construction foundation treatment and the like. In the engineering, the preparation of the triple clay is often made of traditional quicklime, and the high price of the quicklime leads to high preparation cost of the triple clay; the formula of the traditional tri-clay is that lime, clay and sand are utilized, and calcium chloride and urea are added in a creative way;
the alkaline residue is waste residue discharged in the alkaline preparation process by an ammonia alkaline method. The ammonia-soda process of China can produce alkali up to 421 ten thousand t/year. Because of the characteristics of the soda ash production process by an ammonia-soda process, 0.3t of caustic sludge is discharged outwards every 1t of soda ash, and the cost for waste residue discharge is about 1000 ten thousand yuan per year in a factory producing 80 ten thousand tons of soda ash per year. In general, the alkaline residue adopts a surface accumulation treatment mode, and a large amount of alkaline residue is deposited to form a piece of Bai Hai, so that the pollution of surrounding sea areas is caused. Therefore, the alkali slag is effectively utilized, waste is changed into valuable, and the method has obvious social benefit and economic benefit and wide prospect.
The existing method for preparing building materials by mixing alkaline residues with other aggregates and powder materials is effective in the prior art, and in the process of preparing building materials by mixing, when the mixing equipment is used, raw materials are put into reality, water with the corresponding amount is poured into the mixing equipment, the mixing equipment is started instantly, the resistance is high, a load transition phenomenon is easily caused for a motor for driving the mixing equipment, and raw materials which are not contacted with the water are stirred instantly, so that the mixing equipment is easy to lift, and the working environment is polluted.
Therefore, a formulation and a preparation method of the bentonite are provided for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation formula of bentonite and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a preparation method of bentonite, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating raw materials, purifying alkaline residues to ensure dry basis indexes of the alkaline residues, vibrating and screening the alkaline residues, powdering the raw materials, screening and removing internal solid particles, and screening and filtering clay, sand and slag to remove the internal solid particles;
s2: mixing raw materials, namely lifting the raw materials into mixing equipment through a feeding auger, adding water while feeding, stirring by the mixing equipment, adding water according to the water content of 15%, and injecting the water into the mixing equipment in a spraying mode; the water is added while the material is added, and the water is injected into the mixing equipment in a spraying mode, so that the added raw materials can be quickly contacted with the water, the later period of stirring is reduced, and the preparation efficiency of the bentonite is improved;
s3: stirring and discharging, namely after the raw materials are put into, alternately stirring in the forward and reverse directions, controlling the stirring speed to be 20 revolutions per minute, controlling the discharging stirring speed to be 10 revolutions per minute, and flushing and cleaning the mixing equipment after the raw materials are discharged;
s2, the mixing equipment comprises a bottom plate, a supporting rod is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, a bearing plate is horizontally and fixedly connected with the end part of the supporting rod, a stirring barrel is fixedly connected with the middle position of the bearing plate, transverse plates are erected on two sides of the bearing plate, a motor is fixedly connected with one side of each transverse plate, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the middle position of each transverse plate, and spiral blades are arranged on the rotating shaft; the upper end of the rotating shaft is rotationally connected with a hollow ring body, the ring body is communicated with an external water pump through a pipe body, the inner ring of the ring body is provided with a liquid inlet, the liquid inlet is communicated with a water inlet arranged on the upper side of the side hole, and the side wall of the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of liquid discharge holes; the spiral blade is provided with a plurality of water spray holes, and the water spray holes penetrate through the inside of the spiral blade and are communicated with the liquid discharge holes on the rotating shaft; a through hole is formed in the axis of the rotating shaft, a discharging unit is arranged between the through hole and the bottom of the stirring barrel, and the discharging unit is used for discharging mixed raw materials in the stirring barrel; the upper end of the rotating shaft and the upper end of the motor are fixedly connected with belt pulleys respectively, and the two belt pulleys are connected through belt transmission; the raw materials are put into a stirring barrel through a feeding auger, and water is added in the putting process; through external water pump, pour into the body into water, later water flows along the ring body to the inside side opening of pivot flow, spray out from the helical blade at last, promptly, the water of filling flows from the inside outflow of raw materials, can mix with the raw materials fast, improve the mixing efficiency of raw materials and water, reduce the stirring cycle, improve the preparation efficiency of triplet soil, the water spray hole on the helical blade that is located the agitator first half simultaneously, the spun rivers will just throw into the raw materials and carry out the water spray dust fall and handle, both can realize the mixture of raw materials and water, water suppresses the raw materials dust simultaneously, reduce the pollution of dust to surrounding environment.
Preferably, a material distributing unit is arranged at the bottom of the stirring barrel; the material distributing unit comprises a guide plate, the cross section of the guide plate is U-shaped, supporting legs are rotationally connected to the middle positions of the two sides of the guide plate and fixedly connected to the bottom plate, a hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected to the middle positions of the supporting legs, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected to the side wall of the guide plate; the raw materials that prepare in the agitator are discharged through the row material unit, when discharging, through the branch material unit that sets up, with the both sides of the alternating apportionment mixing arrangement of raw materials, operating personnel hand push the shallow, place the below of guide plate, through the pulling of pneumatic cylinder or promote the guide plate swing, the flow direction of control outflow raw materials, make things convenient for the reposition of redundant personnel transportation of raw materials, perhaps when later cleaning agitator, wait that the material in the agitator has been discharged after, through external water pump, pour into the water hole of water on the helical blade, rivers impact on the lateral wall of agitator, with the residual clean up on the agitator inside wall, the washing of agitator is convenient, or when wasing, the swing direction of control guide plate, make abluent residue discharge only from mixing arrangement one side, the other side of mixing arrangement can be used for the carriage to the accepting of raw materials specially, raw materials and residue reposition of redundant personnel setting, make the residue discharge this operational environment smoothly, in order to avoid the pollution production operational environment of residue wandering.
Preferably, the discharging unit comprises a push rod and a baffle plate; the push rod is rotatably connected in the through hole, the lower end of the push rod is fixedly connected with the baffle, the baffle is blocked on the outlet end face of the stirring barrel, the upper end of the push rod is fixedly connected with the output end of the electric push rod, and the electric push rod is fixed on the transverse plate through the support frame; the existing vertical stirring equipment controls the discharging structure of raw materials, is generally opened through the rotating structure, and in the raw material discharging process, raw materials are adhered to the rotating structure, so that the rotating structure cannot be tightly closed or is completely opened after being used for multiple times, the discharging unit designed in the embodiment can avoid the problems, the push rod is controlled to move up and down through the electric push rod, the push rod moves up and down along the through hole in the rotating shaft, the blocking of the lower end of the stirring barrel by the baffle is realized, after raw materials are mixed and stirred, the raw materials smoothly flow out, even if raw materials are adhered to the baffle and the push rod, raw material residues are uniformly spread on the baffle, the baffle can still tightly block the lower port of the stirring barrel, and the raw materials are prevented from overflowing during stirring.
Preferably, the spiral blade comprises an upper spiral blade and a lower spiral blade; the upper rotating blades and the lower rotating blades are arranged in opposite spiral directions, are arranged in conical spiral mode of upper rotation She Xiangshang, and are arranged in conical spiral mode of lower rotation She Xiangxia; the lower rotary vane is provided with a plurality of notches, and water spray holes on the lower rotary vane are formed in the inner side walls of the notches; when the rotating shaft rotates, the upper rotating blade and the lower rotating blade synchronously rotate, the rotating shaft rotates positively in the feeding process, the upper rotating blade rotates and pushes down the raw materials to the deep part of the stirring barrel, the raw materials in the stirring barrel are guaranteed to be stirred rapidly, meanwhile, the lower rotating blade rotates to push up the raw materials, the raw materials at the bottom of the stirring barrel are stirred in a rotating mode, the raw materials which are fed into the stirring barrel are enabled to flow and mix with the raw materials which are just fed into the stirring barrel, the raw materials are accelerated to be evenly mixed, a plurality of gaps are formed in the lower rotating blade, the resistance of the lower rotating blade to the raw materials can be reduced by the gaps, meanwhile, the raw materials can be guaranteed to be pushed up in a rotating mode, water spraying holes are formed in the inner side walls of the gaps, water flow washes the inner side walls of the gaps, and meanwhile, the mixing of water and the raw materials can be guaranteed.
Preferably, the two sides of the support frame are provided with oil supplementing lubricating units; the oil supplementing and lubricating unit comprises an oil tank, a side pipe is communicated below the oil tank, a sleeve is communicated at the tail end of the side pipe, the sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of the oil tank, an oil delivery pipe connected with a tension spring is arranged in the sleeve, an oil inlet hole is formed in the upper end of the oil delivery pipe, a cylinder is communicated at the tail end of the oil delivery pipe, the cylinder is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the upper end of the push rod, a push plate is slidably connected to the vertical part of the oil delivery pipe, the push plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod, a limiting block is arranged below the push plate, and the limiting block is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the vertical part of the oil delivery pipe; the preparation of the bentonite is in an environment with larger dust, the dust can spread to the joint of the through hole and the push rod in the feeding process, the dust can increase the friction between the through hole and the push rod, the abrasion of the push rod and the through hole is accelerated, and an oil supplementing lubricating unit is arranged for the purpose; this electric putter stretches out downwards and sets into first level and second level, the first level of electric putter extends, realize opening of port under the agitator, and the second level extends and realizes the push pedal to the downwardly extrusion of stopper, when the oil filling, the electric putter carries out the extension of second level, the output of electric putter drives the push pedal and moves down, the push pedal passes through limiting plate drop-down oil delivery pipe, the inlet port of oil delivery pipe upper end communicates with the end of side pipe, lubricating oil has the flow in the oil tank this moment, lubricating oil flows to the sleeve pipe position through oil delivery pipe, afterwards lubricating oil flows along the push rod surface, lubricate the department between through-hole and the push rod, with the wearing and tearing between reduction push rod and the through-hole.
Preferably, the upper outer ring of the push rod is provided with a flat part, the lower end of the cylinder is provided with an inward blocking part which is connected to the flat part in a sliding way, the horizontal plane of the lower end of the flat part is provided with a plurality of overflow grooves, and the overflow grooves are arranged along the surface of the outer ring of the push rod; the flat part that sets up on the push rod to and many overflow launders are seted up to the lower extreme horizontal plane of flat part for when the downflow in the lubricating oil sleeve pipe, lubricating oil can split fast, and it is whole surface to creep to the push rod, makes lubricating oil can evenly smear on the push rod, guarantees the lubrication treatment between push rod and the through-hole.
Preferably, a sealing ring is arranged on the upper surface of the baffle plate and is embedded into a groove formed in the bottom end surface of the stirring barrel; in the stirring process of the raw materials in the stirring barrel, the raw materials possibly overflow, the overflowed water and material mixture is diluted, and after the overflowed water and material mixture flows out, the balance of the proportion of the raw materials of the trio of soil can be influenced.
The preparation formula of the triple clay is prepared by the preparation method of the triple clay, and comprises soda ash, clay, sand, slag and water, and the preparation and mixing proportion of the triple clay are as follows: soda ash residue: clay: sand: slag=4: 4:1:1, adding water according to the water content of 15%; the sodium carbonate alkaline residue is alkaline residue discharged after sodium carbonate is prepared in industrial production.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,the dry-base index CaCO of the soda ash residue 3 >50％，CaSO 4 >20％，CaCl 2 >7.5 pH value<13.5; the clay plasticity index I p =14.8% liquid index I L =0.888; the sand is natural river sand with good grading and non-uniform coefficient C u =4.61, coefficient of curvature C e =1.02; the slag is high-aluminum dry powder containing Al 2 O 3 Not less than 60%;
the invention uses natural sand materials with low cost and residue after soda extraction in soda plants to prepare various mixing ratios of four materials, carries out compaction test and strength test of the tri-clay for each different mixing ratio through data analysis, and then selects the tri-clay proportion with optimal strength through data analysis, wherein the tri-clay with the mixing ratio can be used for foundation treatment of road base and constructional engineering, and the like, has obvious economic effect while recycling, and the specific embodiment is as follows:
in the basic layer construction of highway engineering, soda ash, clay, sand and slag with given physical and mechanical properties are adopted according to the following four materials: 1, uniformly mixing, adding water according to 15% of water content by adopting a water spraying mode, taking attention to deduct the water content of actual raw materials, and finally forming a mixture of soda ash, clay, sand and slag with 15% of water content. Then spreading uniformly according to the required thickness, compacting, reaching the dry density corresponding to the designed strength, then carrying out wet curing, and keeping the curing time for not less than 7 days, thereby reaching the designed 7-day unconfined compressive strength.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention has the advantages that: the alkaline residue material is utilized to prepare the material, the traditional quicklime is replaced, the strength of the quality of the tri-compound soil is ensured by adding slag (high-aluminum dry powder) while recycling, the strength test of various mixing ratios is carried out, and the tri-compound soil mixing ratio of the method is obtained through comparative analysis. The main materials are easy to obtain, can be used for the treatment of base layers on roads, building foundations and the like, has obvious technical and economic effects, and provides good reference for the preparation of the bentonite consisting of soda ash, clay, sand and slag.
2. According to the invention, water is injected into the pipe body through the external water pump, then flows along the ring body to the side hole in the rotating shaft, finally is sprayed out from the water spraying hole on the spiral blade, namely, the injected water flows out from the raw material, the water can be quickly mixed with the raw material, the mixing efficiency of the raw material and the water is improved, the stirring period is reduced, the preparation efficiency of the three-phase soil is improved, meanwhile, the water spraying hole on the spiral blade positioned at the upper half part of the stirring barrel is used for spraying water and dust to the raw material just put into, so that the mixing of the raw material and the water can be realized, meanwhile, the dust of the raw material is restrained by the water, and the pollution of the dust to the surrounding environment is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing the bentonite in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a mixing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first perspective view of a helical lobe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second perspective view of a helical lobe according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a spindle according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the oil compensating lubrication unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a putter in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the structure of the oil delivery pipe and the oil tank in the invention;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the stable engagement of the agitator and the baffle plate in the present invention.
In the figure: the bottom plate 1, the support rod 2, the bearing plate 3, the stirring barrel 4, the cross plate 5, the motor 6, the rotating shaft 7, the spiral blade 8, the side hole 9, the ring body 10, the pipe body 11, the liquid inlet 12, the water inlet 13, the liquid outlet 14, the water spraying hole 15, the through hole 16, the guide plate 17, the support leg 18, the hydraulic cylinder 19, the push rod 20, the electric push rod 201, the baffle 21, the support frame 22, the upper spiral blade 23, the lower spiral blade 24, the notch 25, the oil tank 26, the side pipe 27, the sleeve 28, the oil delivery pipe 29, the cylinder 30, the push plate 31, the limiting block 32, the flat part 33, the blocking part 34, the overflow groove 35 and the sealing ring 36.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method of preparing bentonite, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: pretreating raw materials, purifying alkaline residues to ensure dry basis indexes of the alkaline residues, vibrating and screening the alkaline residues, powdering the raw materials, screening and removing internal solid particles, and screening and filtering clay, sand and slag to remove the internal solid particles;
s2: mixing raw materials, namely lifting the raw materials into mixing equipment through a feeding auger, adding water while feeding, stirring by the mixing equipment, adding water according to the water content of 15%, and injecting the water into the mixing equipment in a spraying mode; the water is added while the material is added, and the water is injected into the mixing equipment in a spraying mode, so that the added raw materials can be quickly contacted with the water, the later period of stirring is shortened, and the preparation efficiency of the bentonite is improved.
S3: stirring and discharging, after the raw materials are put into, alternately stirring in the positive and negative directions, controlling the stirring speed to be 20 revolutions per minute, controlling the discharging stirring speed to be 10 revolutions per minute, and washing and cleaning the mixing equipment after the raw materials are discharged.
Referring to fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, the mixing device in S2 includes a base plate 1, a supporting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the base plate 1, a receiving plate 3 is horizontally and fixedly connected to an end portion of the supporting rod 2, a stirring barrel 4 is fixedly connected to a middle position of the receiving plate 3, transverse plates 5 are erected on two sides of the receiving plate 3, a motor 6 is fixedly connected to one side of the transverse plates 5, a rotating shaft 7 is rotatably connected to a middle position of the transverse plates 5, and spiral blades 8 are arranged on the rotating shaft 7; a side hole 9 is formed in the eccentric entity position inside the rotating shaft 7, the upper end of the rotating shaft 7 is rotationally connected with a hollow ring body 10, the ring body 10 is communicated with an external water pump through a pipe body 11, a liquid inlet 12 is formed in the inner ring of the ring body 10, the liquid inlet 12 is communicated with a water inlet 13 formed in the upper side of the side hole 9, and a plurality of liquid discharge holes 14 are formed in the side wall of the rotating shaft 7; the spiral blade 8 is provided with a plurality of water spray holes 15, and the water spray holes 15 penetrate through the inside of the spiral blade 8 and are communicated with the liquid discharge holes 14 on the rotating shaft 7; a through hole 16 is formed in the axis position of the rotating shaft 7, a discharging unit is arranged between the through hole 16 and the bottom of the stirring barrel 4, and the discharging unit is used for discharging mixed raw materials in the stirring barrel 4; the upper end of the rotating shaft 7 and the upper end of the motor 6 are fixedly connected with belt pulleys respectively, and the two belt pulleys are connected through belt transmission; the raw materials are put into a stirring barrel 4 through a feeding auger, and water is added in the putting process; through external water pump, pour into the body 11 with water into, afterwards water flows along ring body 10 to the inside side opening 9 of pivot 7 and flows, spray out from the hole for water spraying 15 on the spiral leaf 8 at last, promptly, the water of filling flows from the inside outflow of raw materials, can mix with the raw materials fast, improve the mixing efficiency of raw materials and water, reduce the stirring cycle, improve the preparation efficiency of trinity, the hole for water spraying 15 on the spiral leaf 8 of the last half of agitator 4 simultaneously, the spun rivers will just throw into the raw materials of raw materials and carry out water spray dust fall and handle, both can realize raw materials and water's mixture, the raw materials dust is suppressed to the dust simultaneously, reduce the pollution of dust to surrounding environment.
Referring to fig. 2, a material distributing unit is arranged at the bottom of the stirring barrel 4; the material distributing unit comprises a guide plate 17, the cross section of the guide plate 17 is U-shaped, supporting legs 18 are rotatably connected to the middle positions of two sides of the guide plate 17, the supporting legs 18 are fixedly connected to the bottom plate 1, a hydraulic cylinder 19 is rotatably connected to the middle positions of the supporting legs 18, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the guide plate 17; the raw materials that will prepare in the agitator 4 are discharged through the row material unit, when discharging, through the branch material unit that sets up, with the both sides of the alternating apportionment mixing arrangement of raw materials, operating personnel hand push the shallow, place the below of guide plate 17, through the pulling of pneumatic cylinder 19 or promote guide plate 17 swing, the flow direction of control outflow raw materials, make things convenient for the reposition of redundant personnel transportation of raw materials, perhaps when later stage washs agitator 4, wait after the material in the agitator 4 has been discharged, through external water pump, pour water into the hole 15 of spraying on helical blade 8, rivers impact on the lateral wall of agitator 4, with the residual clean-up on the agitator 4 inside wall, the washing of agitator 4 is convenient, perhaps when wasing, the swing direction of control guide plate 17, make abluent residue discharge from mixing arrangement one side only, the other side of mixing arrangement can be used for the butt of shallow to the raw materials specially, raw materials and residue reposition of redundant personnel set up, make the residue discharge this operational environment smoothly, so that the residue is not polluted in a shop.
Referring to fig. 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9, the discharging unit includes a push rod 20 and a baffle 21; the push rod 20 is rotatably connected in the through hole 16, the lower end of the push rod 20 is fixedly connected with the baffle 21, the baffle 21 is blocked on the outlet end face of the stirring barrel 4, the upper end of the push rod 20 is fixedly connected with the output end of the electric push rod 201, and the electric push rod 201 is fixed on the transverse plate 5 through the support frame 22; the existing vertical stirring equipment controls the discharging structure of raw materials, generally opens through the rotating structure, and in the raw material discharging process, raw materials adhere to the rotating structure, so that the rotating structure cannot be tightly closed or is completely opened after being used for multiple times, the discharging unit designed in the embodiment can avoid the problems, the push rod 20 is controlled to move up and down through the electric push rod 201, the push rod 20 moves up and down along the through hole 16 in the rotating shaft 7, the blocking of the baffle 21 to the lower end of the stirring barrel 4 is realized, the raw materials flow out smoothly after being mixed and stirred, even if the raw materials adhere to the baffle 21 and the push rod 20, raw material residues are uniformly spread on the baffle 21, the baffle 21 can still tightly block the lower port of the stirring barrel 4, and the raw materials are prevented from overflowing during stirring.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the spiral vane 8 includes an upper spiral vane 23 and a lower spiral vane 24; the spiral directions of the upper rotating blades 23 and the lower rotating blades 24 are opposite, the upper rotating blades 23 and the lower rotating blades 24 are in conical spiral arrangement, the upper rotating blades 23 are in conical spiral arrangement, and the lower rotating blades 24 are in conical spiral arrangement; a plurality of notches 25 are formed in the lower rotary vane 24, and water spray holes 15 in the lower rotary vane 24 are formed in the inner side walls of the notches 25; when the rotating shaft 7 rotates, the upper rotating blade 23 and the lower rotating blade 24 synchronously rotate, in the feeding process, the rotating shaft 7 rotates positively, the upper rotating blade 23 rotates and pushes down raw materials to the deep part of the stirring barrel 4, the raw materials in the stirring barrel 4 are guaranteed to be stirred rapidly, meanwhile, the lower rotating blade 24 rotates to push up the raw materials, the raw materials at the bottom of the stirring barrel 4 are stirred upwards, the raw materials which are fed into the stirring barrel are enabled to flow and mix with the raw materials which are just fed into the stirring barrel, the uniform mixing of the raw materials is accelerated, meanwhile, the lower rotating blade 24 is provided with a plurality of notches 25, the resistance of the lower rotating blade 24 to the raw materials can be reduced, meanwhile, the rotation of the raw materials can be guaranteed to be pushed up, moreover, the inner side wall of the notch 25 is also provided with a water spraying hole 15, the inner side wall of the notch 25 is flushed by water, and meanwhile, the mixing of water and the raw materials can be guaranteed.
Referring to fig. 2, 6 and 8, the two sides of the supporting frame 22 are provided with oil supplementing lubrication units; the oil supplementing and lubricating unit comprises an oil tank 26, a side pipe 27 is communicated below the oil tank 26, the tail end of the side pipe 27 is communicated with a sleeve 28, the sleeve 28 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the oil tank 26, an oil delivery pipe 29 connected with a tension spring is arranged in the sleeve 28, an oil inlet 301 is formed in the upper end of the oil delivery pipe 29, the tail end of the oil delivery pipe 29 is communicated with a cylinder 30, the cylinder 30 is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the upper end of the push rod 20, a push plate 31 is slidably connected to the vertical part of the oil delivery pipe 29, the push plate 31 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 201, a limiting block 32 is arranged below the push plate 31, and the limiting block 32 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the vertical part of the oil delivery pipe 29; the preparation of the bentonite is in an environment with larger dust, the dust can spread to the joint of the through hole 16 and the push rod 20 in the feeding process, the dust can increase the friction between the through hole 16 and the push rod 20, the abrasion of the push rod 20 and the through hole 16 is accelerated, and an oil supplementing lubricating unit is arranged for the purpose; the electric push rod 201 extends downwards to form a first level and a second level, the first level of the electric push rod 201 extends to realize opening of a lower port of the stirring barrel 4, the second level of the electric push rod 201 extends to realize downward extrusion of the push plate 31 to the limiting block 32, when oil is replenished, the electric push rod 201 executes the second level of the extension, an output end of the electric push rod 201 drives the push plate 31 to move downwards, the push plate 31 pulls down the oil conveying pipe 29 through the limiting plate, an oil inlet 301 at the upper end of the oil conveying pipe 29 is communicated with the tail end of the side pipe 27, at the moment, lubricating oil flows out of the oil tank 26, the lubricating oil flows to a sleeve position through the oil conveying pipe 29, and then the lubricating oil flows along the surface of the push rod 20 to lubricate a part between the through hole 16 and the push rod 20, so that abrasion between the push rod 20 and the through hole 16 is reduced.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the upper outer ring of the push rod 20 is provided with a flat portion 33, the lower end of the cylinder 30 is provided with an inward blocking portion 34, the blocking portion 34 is slidably connected to the flat portion 33, the lower horizontal surface of the flat portion 33 is provided with a plurality of overflow grooves 35, and the overflow grooves 35 are provided along the outer ring surface of the push rod 20; the flat part 33 arranged on the push rod 20 and the horizontal plane of the lower end of the flat part 33 are provided with a plurality of overflow grooves 35, so that when the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil sleeve flows downwards, the lubricating oil can be rapidly split and spread to the whole surface of the push rod 20, the lubricating oil can be uniformly smeared on the push rod 20, and the lubricating treatment between the push rod 20 and the through hole 16 is ensured.
Referring to fig. 7 and 9, a sealing ring 36 is arranged on the upper surface of the baffle 21, and the sealing ring 36 is embedded in a groove formed in the bottom end surface of the stirring barrel 4; during the stirring process of the raw materials in the stirring barrel 4, the raw materials may overflow, and the overflowed raw materials are diluted water mixture, and after the overflowed raw materials flow out, the balance of the proportion of the raw materials in the trio of the raw materials is affected, so that the sealing ring 36 is arranged, the tightness between the baffle 21 and the lower end surface of the stirring barrel 4 is improved, and the possibility that the raw materials overflow from the joint between the baffle 21 and the stirring barrel 4 is reduced when the spiral blade 8 is stirred.
The preparation formula of the triple clay is prepared by the preparation method of the triple clay, and comprises soda ash, clay, sand, slag and water, and the preparation and mixing proportion of the triple clay are as follows: soda ash residue: clay: sand: slag=4: 4:1:1, adding water according to the water content of 15%; the sodium carbonate alkaline residue is alkaline residue discharged after sodium carbonate is prepared in industrial production.
The dry-base index CaCO of the soda ash residue 3 >50％，CaSO 4 >20％，CaCl 2 >7.5 pH value<13.5; the clay plasticity index I p =14.8% liquid index I L =0.888; the sand is natural river sand with good grading and non-uniform coefficient C u =4.61, coefficient of curvature C e =1.02; the slag is high-aluminum dry powder containing Al 2 O 3 Not less than 60%;
the invention uses natural sand materials with low cost and residue after soda extraction in soda plants to prepare various mixing ratios of four materials, carries out compaction test and strength test of the tri-clay for each different mixing ratio through data analysis, and then selects the tri-clay proportion with optimal strength through data analysis, wherein the tri-clay with the mixing ratio can be used for foundation treatment of road base and constructional engineering, and the like, has obvious economic effect while recycling, and the specific embodiment is as follows:
in the basic layer construction of highway engineering, soda ash, clay, sand and slag with given physical and mechanical properties are adopted according to the following four materials: 1, uniformly mixing, adding water according to 15% of water content by adopting a water spraying mode, taking attention to deduct the water content of actual raw materials, and finally forming a mixture of soda ash, clay, sand and slag with 15% of water content. Then spreading uniformly according to the required thickness, compacting, reaching the dry density corresponding to the designed strength, then carrying out wet curing, and keeping the curing time for not less than 7 days, thereby reaching the designed 7-day unconfined compressive strength.
Working principle: the invention uses natural sand materials with low cost and residue after soda extraction in soda plants to prepare various mixing ratios of four materials, carries out compaction test and strength test of the tri-clay for each different mixing ratio through data analysis, and then selects the tri-clay proportion with optimal strength through data analysis, wherein the tri-clay with the mixing ratio can be used for foundation treatment of road base and constructional engineering, and the like, has obvious economic effect while recycling, and the specific embodiment is as follows:
in the basic layer construction of highway engineering, soda ash, clay, sand and slag with given physical and mechanical properties are adopted according to the following four materials: 1, uniformly mixing, adding water according to 15% of water content by adopting a water spraying mode, taking attention to deduct the water content of actual raw materials, and finally forming a mixture of soda ash, clay, sand and slag with 15% of water content. Then spreading uniformly according to the required thickness, compacting to reach the dry density corresponding to the designed strength, and then carrying out wet curing for at least 7 days so as to reach the designed 7-day unconfined compressive strength;
the raw materials are put into a stirring barrel 4 through a feeding auger, and water is added in the putting process; water is injected into the pipe body 11 through an external water pump, then flows to the side hole 9 in the rotating shaft 7 along the ring body 10, and finally is sprayed out from the water spraying hole 15 on the spiral blade 8, namely, the injected water flows out from the inside of the raw material, the water can be quickly mixed with the raw material, the mixing efficiency of the raw material and the water is improved, the stirring period is shortened, the preparation efficiency of the three-dimensional soil is improved, meanwhile, the sprayed water flows through the water spraying hole 15 on the spiral blade 8 on the upper half part of the stirring barrel 4 to spray water and dust for the raw material just put into, so that the mixing of the raw material and the water can be realized, meanwhile, the dust of the raw material is suppressed by the water, and the pollution of the dust to the surrounding environment is reduced;
the raw materials prepared in the stirring barrel 4 are discharged through the discharging unit, during discharging, the raw materials are alternately distributed on two sides of the mixing equipment through the arranged material distributing unit, an operator pushes the cart to be arranged below the guide plate 17, the guide plate 17 is pulled or pushed to swing through the hydraulic cylinder 19, the flowing direction of the flowing raw materials is controlled, the split and transportation of the raw materials are facilitated, or after the materials in the stirring barrel 4 are discharged in the later period, water is injected into the water spraying holes 15 on the spiral blades 8 through the external water pump after the materials in the stirring barrel 4 are discharged, the water flow impacts on the side wall of the stirring barrel 4, the residues on the inner side wall of the stirring barrel 4 are cleaned cleanly, the cleaning of the stirring barrel 4 is facilitated, or during cleaning, the swinging direction of the guide plate 17 is controlled, so that the cleaned residues are discharged from one side of the mixing equipment only, the other side of the mixing equipment can be specially used for carrying the raw materials through the cart, the raw materials and the residues are distributed, and the residues are smoothly discharged from the working environment, so that the residues cannot pollute the production working environment in a wanting way;
the existing vertical stirring equipment controls the discharging structure of raw materials, the discharging structure is generally opened through the rotating structure, and in the raw material discharging process, raw materials are adhered to the rotating structure, so that the rotating structure cannot be tightly closed or is completely opened after being used for multiple times, the discharging unit designed in the embodiment can avoid the problems, the push rod 20 is controlled to move up and down through the electric push rod 201, the push rod 20 moves up and down along the through hole 16 in the rotating shaft 7, the blocking of the baffle 21 to the lower end of the stirring barrel 4 is realized, the raw materials smoothly flow out after the raw materials are mixed and stirred, even if the raw materials are adhered to the baffle 21 and the push rod 20, raw material residues are uniformly spread on the baffle 21, the baffle 21 can still tightly block the lower port of the stirring barrel 4, and the raw materials can not overflow during stirring;
when the rotating shaft 7 rotates, the upper rotating blade 23 and the lower rotating blade 24 synchronously rotate, in the feeding process, the rotating shaft 7 rotates positively, the upper rotating blade 23 rotates and pushes down raw materials to the deep part of the stirring barrel 4, so that the raw materials in the stirring barrel 4 can be stirred rapidly, meanwhile, the lower rotating blade 24 rotates to push up the raw materials, the raw materials at the bottom of the stirring barrel 4 are stirred upwards, so that the fed raw materials and the raw materials just fed are mixed in a flowing way, the uniform mixing of the raw materials is accelerated, meanwhile, the lower rotating blade 24 is provided with a plurality of notches 25, the resistance of the lower rotating blade 24 to the raw materials can be reduced, the rotation and the pushing up of the raw materials can be ensured, moreover, the inner side wall of the notch 25 is also provided with a water spraying hole 15, the inner side wall of the notch 25 is washed by water, and meanwhile, the mixing of water and the raw materials can be ensured;
the preparation of the bentonite is in an environment with larger dust, the dust can spread to the joint of the through hole 16 and the push rod 20 in the feeding process, the dust can increase the friction between the through hole 16 and the push rod 20, the abrasion of the push rod 20 and the through hole 16 is accelerated, and an oil supplementing lubricating unit is arranged for the purpose; the electric push rod 201 extends downwards to form a first level and a second level, the first level of the electric push rod 201 extends to realize the opening of the lower port of the stirring barrel 4, the second level of the second level extends to realize the downward extrusion of the push plate 31 to the limiting block 32, when oil is replenished, the electric push rod 201 executes the second level of the extension, the output end of the electric push rod 201 drives the push plate 31 to move downwards, the push plate 31 pulls down the oil delivery pipe 29 through the limiting plate, the oil inlet 301 at the upper end of the oil delivery pipe 29 is communicated with the tail end of the side pipe 27, at the moment, lubricating oil flows out from the oil tank 26, the lubricating oil flows to the sleeve position through the oil delivery pipe 29, and then the lubricating oil flows along the surface of the push rod 20 to lubricate the through hole 16 and the push rod 20, so that abrasion between the push rod 20 and the through hole 16 is reduced;
the flat part 33 arranged on the push rod 20 and the horizontal plane of the lower end of the flat part 33 are provided with a plurality of overflow grooves 35, so that when the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil sleeve flows downwards, the lubricating oil can be rapidly split and spread to the whole surface of the push rod 20, the lubricating oil can be uniformly smeared on the push rod 20, and the lubricating treatment between the push rod 20 and the through hole 16 is ensured.
In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of the bentonite is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating raw materials, purifying alkaline residues to ensure dry basis indexes of the alkaline residues, vibrating and screening the alkaline residues, powdering the raw materials, screening and removing internal solid particles, and screening and filtering clay, sand and slag to remove the internal solid particles;
s2: mixing raw materials, namely lifting the raw materials into mixing equipment through a feeding auger, adding water while feeding, stirring by the mixing equipment, adding water according to the water content of 15%, and injecting the water into the mixing equipment in a spraying mode;
s3: stirring and discharging, namely after the raw materials are put into, alternately stirring in the forward and reverse directions, controlling the stirring speed to be 20 revolutions per minute, controlling the discharging stirring speed to be 10 revolutions per minute, and flushing and cleaning the mixing equipment after the raw materials are discharged;
the mixing equipment in the S2 comprises a bottom plate (1), wherein the bottom plate (1) is fixedly connected with a supporting rod (2), the end part of the supporting rod (2) is horizontally fixedly connected with a bearing plate (3), the middle position of the bearing plate (3) is fixedly connected with a stirring barrel (4), transverse plates (5) are erected on two sides of the bearing plate (3), one side of each transverse plate (5) is fixedly connected with a motor (6), the middle position of each transverse plate (5) is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (7), and spiral blades (8) are arranged on the rotating shafts (7); a side hole (9) is formed in the eccentric entity position inside the rotating shaft (7), the upper end of the rotating shaft (7) is rotationally connected with a hollow ring body (10), the ring body (10) is communicated with an external water pump through a pipe body (11), a liquid inlet (12) is formed in the inner ring of the ring body (10), the liquid inlet (12) is communicated with a water inlet (13) formed in the upper side of the side hole (9), and a plurality of liquid discharge holes (14) are formed in the side wall of the rotating shaft (7); a plurality of water spray holes (15) are formed in the spiral blade (8), and the water spray holes (15) penetrate through the inside of the spiral blade (8) and are communicated with a liquid discharge hole (14) in the rotating shaft (7); and a through hole (16) is formed in the axis position of the rotating shaft (7), a discharging unit is arranged between the through hole (16) and the bottom of the stirring barrel (4), and the discharging unit is used for discharging mixed raw materials in the stirring barrel (4).
2. The method for preparing the bentonite according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a material distributing unit is arranged at the bottom of the stirring barrel (4); the material distributing unit comprises a guide plate (17), the cross section of the guide plate (17) is U-shaped, supporting legs (18) are rotationally connected to the middle positions of the two sides of the guide plate (17), the supporting legs (18) are fixedly connected to the bottom plate (1), a hydraulic cylinder (19) is rotationally connected to the middle positions of the supporting legs (18), and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (19) is rotationally connected to the side wall of the guide plate (17).
3. The method for preparing the bentonite according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the discharging unit comprises a push rod (20) and a baffle plate (21); the push rod (20) is rotationally connected in the through hole (16), the lower end of the push rod (20) is fixedly connected with the baffle (21), the baffle (21) is blocked on the outlet end face of the stirring barrel (4), the upper end of the push rod (20) is fixedly connected with the output end of the electric push rod (201), and the electric push rod (201) is fixed on the transverse plate (5) through the supporting frame (22).
4. The method for preparing the bentonite according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the spiral blade (8) comprises an upper spiral blade (23) and a lower spiral blade (24); the upper rotating blades (23) and the lower rotating blades (24) are arranged in opposite spiral directions, the upper rotating blades (23) and the lower rotating blades (24) are arranged in a conical spiral mode, the upper rotating blades (23) are arranged in an upward conical spiral mode, and the lower rotating blades (24) are arranged in a downward conical spiral mode; a plurality of notches (25) are formed in the lower rotary blade (24), and water spraying holes (15) in the lower rotary blade (24) are formed in the inner side walls of the notches (25).
5. A method of preparing a bentonite according to claim 3, wherein: oil supplementing lubricating units are arranged on two sides of the supporting frame (22); the oil supplementing lubricating unit comprises an oil tank (26), a side pipe (27) is communicated below the oil tank (26), a sleeve (28) is communicated with the tail end of the side pipe (27), the sleeve (28) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the oil tank (26), an oil delivery pipe (29) connected with a tension spring is arranged in the sleeve (28), an oil inlet hole (301) is formed in the upper end of the oil delivery pipe (29), a cylinder (30) is communicated with the tail end of the oil delivery pipe (29), the cylinder (30) is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the upper end of the push rod (20), a push plate (31) is slidably connected to the vertical part of the oil delivery pipe (29), the push plate (31) is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod (201), a limiting block (32) is arranged below the push plate (31), and the limiting block (32) is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the vertical part of the oil delivery pipe (29).
6. The method for preparing the bentonite according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the upper end outer ring of push rod (20) is offered flat portion (33), and the lower extreme of drum (30) is equipped with inwards keeps off portion (34), keeps off portion (34) sliding connection in flat portion (33) position, and the lower extreme horizontal plane of flat portion (33) is offered many overflow launders (35), and overflow launder (35) are offered along push rod (20) outer ring surface.
7. A method of preparing a bentonite according to claim 3, wherein: the upper surface of baffle (21) is equipped with sealing washer (36), and sealing washer (36) imbeds in the recess of seting up of agitator (4) bottom face.
8. A formulation for the preparation of a bentonite prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the preparation formula of the three-in-one soil comprises soda ash, clay, sand, slag and water, and the proportion of the preparation formula of the three-in-one soil is as follows: soda ash residue: clay: sand: slag=4: 4:1:1, adding water according to the water content of 15%; the sodium carbonate alkaline residue is alkaline residue discharged after sodium carbonate is prepared in industrial production.
9. The formulation for preparing a bentonite according to claim 8, wherein: the dry-base index CaCO of the soda ash residue 3 >50％，CaSO 4 >20％，CaCl 2 >7.5 pH value<13.5; the clay plasticity index I p =14.8% liquid index I L =0.888; the sand is natural river sand with good grading and non-uniform coefficient C u =4.61, coefficient of curvature C e =1.02; the slag is high-aluminum dry powder containing Al 2 O 3 Not less than 60%.
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| CN87101827A (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-10-12 | 天津市新型建筑材料工业公司研究室 | The manufacture method of building daub soda-residue |
| CN1140151A (en) * | 1996-09-02 | 1997-01-15 | 天津碱渣地产开发有限公司 | Engrg. earth made from alkaline residue, making method and apparatus thereof |
| CN104773990A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-15 | 常州大学 | Concrete with optimized mix proportion |
| CN110498646A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-26 | 刘荣 | A kind of non-burning brick and its preparation method produced using industrial caustic |
| CN112665976A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-04-16 | 淮阴工学院 | Design method for strength ratio of caustic sludge improved lime stabilized soil |
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2023
- 2023-03-03 CN CN202310203033.5A patent/CN116063036B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87101827A (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-10-12 | 天津市新型建筑材料工业公司研究室 | The manufacture method of building daub soda-residue |
| CN1140151A (en) * | 1996-09-02 | 1997-01-15 | 天津碱渣地产开发有限公司 | Engrg. earth made from alkaline residue, making method and apparatus thereof |
| CN104773990A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-15 | 常州大学 | Concrete with optimized mix proportion |
| CN110498646A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-26 | 刘荣 | A kind of non-burning brick and its preparation method produced using industrial caustic |
| CN112665976A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-04-16 | 淮阴工学院 | Design method for strength ratio of caustic sludge improved lime stabilized soil |
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