CN116060674A - Method for controlling tremble in processing process of cylindrical thin-wall part - Google Patents

Method for controlling tremble in processing process of cylindrical thin-wall part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116060674A
CN116060674A CN202310229958.7A CN202310229958A CN116060674A CN 116060674 A CN116060674 A CN 116060674A CN 202310229958 A CN202310229958 A CN 202310229958A CN 116060674 A CN116060674 A CN 116060674A
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China
Prior art keywords
thin
wall part
face
blank
milling
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CN202310229958.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马鹏飞
安文洁
王帅兵
李光
孟凡杰
苏一
宋毅
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Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
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Beijing Xinghang Electromechanical Equipment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310229958.7A priority Critical patent/CN116060674A/en
Publication of CN116060674A publication Critical patent/CN116060674A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of precision machinery manufacturing, in particular to a method for controlling tremble in the machining process of a cylindrical thin-wall part, wherein the machining process comprises the milling of a side surface, the turning of an end surface and an outer circle, and the tremble comprises radial tremble, axial tremble and eccentric tremble; the method for controlling tremor comprises the following steps: a guard board is arranged around the circumferential side surface of the milling die, and the guard board is tightly attached to and fixed with the side surface, so that the side surface is radially fixed to the milling die through the guard board; the turning mold is provided with an external supporting structure and an internal supporting structure, the external supporting structure supports the outer side face of the hollow annular end face, and the internal supporting structure supports the inner side face of the hollow annular end face, so that control of radial vibration of the side face in the milling process and control of axial vibration of the hollow annular end face in the turning process are realized. The invention adopts the special vertical lathe processing die and milling processing die, improves the processing precision, and reduces the tremble and deformation caused by the axial direction and the radial direction and the eccentricity.

Description

Method for controlling tremble in processing process of cylindrical thin-wall part
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machinery manufacturing, in particular to a method for controlling tremble in the machining process of a cylindrical thin-wall part.
Background
The large cylindrical magnesium alloy thin-wall parts have wide requirements in the field of aviation, and the welding processing cannot be performed, and the casting process is difficult to meet the precision requirement in size, so that the production of the light alloy hollow parts mainly adopts machine tool processing (turning, milling and the like).
Aiming at high-precision large cylindrical magnesium alloy thin-wall parts, one common processing mode is as follows: performing machine tool finish machining on the cast large magnesium alloy blank to obtain a more accurate internal structure and size; because the thin-wall part is clamped from the outer side wall and the part is easy to deform, a mode of supporting and fixing the thin-wall part in a part cavity is usually adopted for machining and fixing a die of the thin-wall part, and on one hand: such dies are fixed to occupy the space of the part cavity, especially affecting fine machining, such as milling, for the part inner wall; on the other hand, the thin-wall part is easy to generate tremble during radial processing of the part, the existing die defect determination can only be fixed at one axial end of the part to be processed, and an opening end for a lathe spindle to enter and exit is reserved at the other end, so that the tremble is serious due to the lack of die fixing at the opening end, and the processing precision of equipment is seriously affected; meanwhile, for large magnesium alloy thin-wall parts, the vibration phenomenon of the side wall of the part is more serious due to the fact that the curvature of the radial section is reduced. At present, a method for controlling tremble in the processing process of a cylindrical thin-wall part is urgently needed in the market, and the problems of fixation and reduction of processing precision caused by tremble in the processing of a large cylindrical thin-wall part are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a method for controlling chatter during processing of a cylindrical thin-walled workpiece, which is used for solving at least one of the problems of poor mold fixing stability, easy chatter and the like in the prior art.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for controlling tremble in the machining process of a cylindrical thin-wall part, wherein the machining process comprises milling machining of the side face of the cylindrical thin-wall part and turning machining of the end face and the outer circle of the cylindrical thin-wall part, and the tremble comprises radial tremble and axial tremble; the method for controlling tremor comprises the following steps:
a guard board is arranged around the circumferential side surface of the milling die, and the guard board is tightly attached and fixed with the side surface, so that the side surface is radially fixed on the milling die through the guard board, and the control of radial vibration of the side surface in the milling process is realized;
the outer support structure and the inner support structure are arranged on the turning mold, the outer support structure is pressed and supported on the outer side face of the hollow annular end face, the inner support structure is pressed and supported on the inner side face of the hollow annular end face, and the control of axial vibration of the hollow annular end face in the turning process is realized.
Preferably, the tremor further includes an eccentric tremor, and the eccentric tremor control method includes: correcting the axle center of the thin-wall part blank based on the fitting image of the thin-wall part blank and the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank, and carrying out vertical lathe processing based on the corrected axle center to obtain the thin-wall part blank with uniform wall thickness, thereby realizing the control of eccentric tremble in the processing process.
Preferably, the method for obtaining the fitting image of the thin-walled workpiece blank comprises the following steps: and using the sensors densely distributed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the thin-wall part blank as data sampling points, using laser scanning to acquire the coordinates of the sensors in a space coordinate system, and fitting out the three-dimensional image of the thin-wall part blank according to the space coordinate information of the sensors.
Preferably, the obtaining a thin-walled workpiece blank with uniform wall thickness includes:
s301: connecting the centers of positioning blocks which are symmetrical relative to the center of the axle center to serve as reference positioning lines of the hollow annular end face, acquiring fitting images of the thin-wall part blank based on laser scanning fitting imaging, and correcting the reference positioning lines based on the fitting images of the thin-wall part blank; the thin-wall part blank is provided with a side surface, a free end surface without shielding and a hollow annular end surface; the inner surface of the side surface is provided with at least two positioning blocks which are symmetrical relative to the center of the axle center;
S302: and (3) performing vertical turning on the outer circles of the two end faces and the side faces of the thin-wall part blank subjected to the reference positioning line correction to obtain the thin-wall part blank with uniform wall thickness.
Preferably, the correcting the axis of the thin-wall part blank based on the fitting image of the thin-wall part blank includes:
s3011: overlapping the fitted image of the part blank and the axial lead of the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank by utilizing laser scanning fitting imaging software, comparing the thicknesses of all areas of the radial section of the part blank, automatically acquiring deviation and carrying out color identification according to the deviation;
s3012: if the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 The reference positioning line is corrected without any adjustment;
if the deviation of each radial section is greater than a first threshold delta 1 Adjusting the position of the axis of the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank until the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 Recording a position change value delta (x, y, z) of a central line in a space coordinate system;
s3013: constructing a space coordinate system which is the same as the fitting image of the part blank and the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank, and acquiring the axial lead coordinate of the corrected part blank according to delta (x, y, z) change in the coordinate system.
Preferably, the tremor control method further includes control of axial tremor during milling: the milling die is fixedly connected with the two end faces of the cylindrical thin-wall piece at the same time by the radial tremble, so that the two end faces of the thin-wall piece are axially fixed on the milling die, and the control of the axial tremble in the milling process is realized.
Preferably, one end of the milling die is provided with a first pressing plate in press fit connection with the milling die, and the other end of the milling die is provided with a first bottom fixing piece in press fit connection with the milling die; the milling mold is also provided with a first pull rod for connecting the first pressing plate and the first bottom fixing piece.
Preferably, the first pull rod is circumferentially arranged along the side surface, and the milling mold is provided with a guard plate for limiting radial vibration of the thin-wall part on the side surface of the thin-wall part; the guard plate circumferentially surrounds the side surface and is provided with a first through hole which is axially arranged; the first through holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the first pull rods; the first pull rod penetrates through the first through hole, so that the guard plate is radially fixed; meanwhile, after the guard plate is circumferentially attached to the side surface, enough static friction force is generated, so that the guard plate is axially fixed; the guard plate is circumferentially attached to the side face, and deformation or vibration of the thin-wall part radially outwards is limited.
Preferably, the tremble control method further comprises the step of controlling overall axial tremble of the thin-wall part in the turning process: and the turning mold is fixedly connected with the two end surfaces of the cylindrical thin-wall part at the same time, so that the two end surfaces of the thin-wall part are axially fixed on the turning mold, and the control of integral axial vibration of the thin-wall part in the turning process is realized.
Preferably, one end of the turning mold is provided with a second pressing plate in pressing connection with the turning mold, the other end of the turning mold is provided with a second bottom fixing piece in pressing connection with the turning mold, and the second pressing plate is in pressing connection with the hollow annular end face; one end of the external supporting structure is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece, and the other end of the external supporting structure is in pressing connection with the outer side face of the second pressing plate; one side of the inner supporting structure is connected with the inner side of the hollow annular end face in a pressing mode, and the other side of the inner supporting structure is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece, so that control of axial vibration of the hollow annular end face in the turning process is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, a special vertical lathe processing die and a milling processing die are adopted to process the thin-wall part with the annular groove on the end face, and a processing mode of rough processing, semi-finishing and finishing is adopted, so that deformation and mechanical damage caused by accumulated stress of the thin-wall material are reduced, and the processing precision is improved; the method comprises the steps of sequentially milling and one-time turning, wherein the outer circle of the side wall of the thin-wall part is gradually turned to be thin by adopting a vertical turning mold, the rigidity of the side wall is gradually weakened, and the rigidity of the side surface of the blank of the thin-wall part is improved by arranging a guard plate on the milling mold in the subsequent milling process; meanwhile, in order to cope with the reduction of the rigidity of the side wall of the thin-wall part and avoid deformation of the side wall during vertical lathe machining, the inner support structure and the outer support structure are arranged in the lathe machining die to fix the second end face, so that the dimensional accuracy of the structures such as side milling windows and the like is ensured.
(2) According to the invention, the first pressing plate, the first bottom fixing piece, the first pull rod and the guard plate are arranged in the milling die, so that the thin-wall part is pressed and fixed, and meanwhile, the adverse effect of tremble on the machining precision during side machining is greatly reduced; the defect that the side surface of the thin-wall part is easy to shake and the processing precision is poor when being processed from inside to outside in the prior art is overcome.
(3) According to the invention, the guard plate is radially fixed through the first pull rod and circumferentially surrounds and presses the side surface, so that the rigidity of the side surface of the thin-wall part blank is improved, and when the milling cutter is used for processing the first groove, the guard plate provides circumferential supporting force for the side surface, and the supporting force is opposite to the force application direction of the milling cutter, so that the thin-wall part blank is stable and is not easy to shake or deform from outside to inside; on one hand, the circular arch structure of the side surface of the guard plate can effectively disperse the force applied by the milling cutter; on the other hand, the guard board provides circumferential supporting force for the side surface, and the guard board uniformly applies force on each point where the guard board contacts with the side surface, so that the side surface deformation of the thin-wall part blank caused by local stress concentration can be prevented; therefore, when the thin-wall part blank is milled, the guard plate can provide supporting force for two radial directions, so that vibration and deformation in the two radial directions are reduced.
(4) The invention adopts the laser scanning imaging technology to preliminarily judge the wall thickness condition of each section of casting, determines the correction position of the rotating axis, adjusts and coordinates the wall thickness size of each processing part based on the corrected axis to the processing datum line, so that the wall thickness of the part is uniform as much as possible before processing, and simultaneously the problems of misalignment of the geometric center of the rotating shaft and the cylindrical part and eccentric trembling caused by the casting precision error of the blank can be greatly improved after the rotating axis is corrected.
(5) According to the invention, the positioning block is arranged on the inner side surface of the cast thin-wall part blank, and the radial plane connecting line of the center of the positioning block is used as a reference in the first vertical lathe process, so that the workload of machine tool alignment and zero setting in the subsequent working procedure can be greatly reduced on the basis of meeting the precision requirement, and the machining precision is improved.
(6) According to the invention, the internal supporting structure and the external supporting structure are arranged in the turning mold, the second pressing plate is used for providing the force for tightening and pressing between the second pressing plate and the second bottom fixing piece for the thin-wall piece, the internal supporting structure and the second bottom fixing piece are used for providing the supporting force from the inside of the thin-wall piece to the outside for the second end face, the forces in the two opposite directions balance the stress of the second pressing piece, the second end face is fixed, the deformation and vibration of the second end face during the machining of the turning tool are reduced, and the machining precision is improved.
(7) According to the invention, the connecting pressing plate, the external supporting rod and the second pull rod are arranged on the external supporting structure of the turning mold, so that stable lamination fixation of corners of the thin-wall part can be realized, and the long connecting pressing plate passing through the center area of the second end surface is not needed to be adopted in the prior art, thus the defect that the fixed mold of the thin-wall part interferes with the machining of the lathe tool in the prior art is also overcome.
(8) According to the invention, the bottom of the guard plate is fixedly connected with the first bottom fixing piece, and the side surface of the guard plate is in fit connection with the side surface of the thin-wall part blank, so that noise in a machining area during milling can be transmitted to a machine tool through the first bottom fixing piece, the noise is reduced from spreading into the air, and the environmental noise is reduced.
(9) Through the through holes formed in the guard plate, the wall thickness of each region can be conveniently monitored by milling; meanwhile, the through holes improve ventilation and heat dissipation during side machining, and are beneficial to preventing the workblank machining surface from overheating, deformation caused by overheating and even damage and burning of the workblank.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the embodiments of the invention particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a 45-degree schematic top view of a cylindrical thin-walled member with a groove on the end face of the thin-walled member in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 45-degree bottom schematic view of a cylindrical thin-walled member with a groove on the end surface of the thin-walled member in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a 45 top view of a thin-walled workpiece milling die in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view showing an installation mode of a milling die for a thin-walled member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of A-A side view of an installation mode of a milling die for a thin-walled member according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view showing an installation mode of a thin-walled workpiece turning mold in one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B side of an installation mode view of a thin-walled workpiece turning mold in one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for controlling chatter during a cylindrical thin-walled workpiece processing process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a part blank 1; a side face 101; a first end face 102; a second end face 103; a window 1011; a positioning block 1012; first recess 1013; an annular groove 1031; milling a die 2; a first platen 201; a shield 202; a first bottom fixture 203; a first pull rod 204; a connection structure 205; a second through hole 2021; a first through hole 2022; an external support structure 301; a second bottom fixture 303; an internal support structure 305; a second pressing plate 307; a connecting platen 3011; an outer support bar 3012; a second pull rod 3013; an inner support plate 3051; medial support bar 3052.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the invention, are used to explain the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the invention, the axial direction is perpendicular to the two end face directions of the thin-wall part, and the radial direction is parallel to the two end face directions of the thin-wall part.
The invention discloses a cylindrical thin-wall part, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising: a first end face 102, a second end face 103, and a side face 101 connecting the first end face 102 and the second end face 103; the first end face 102 is a free end face without shielding, and the second end face 103 is a hollow annular end face; the hollow annular inner side of the second end surface 103 is provided with an annular groove 1031.
As shown in fig. 1, the side 101 is provided with a plurality of windows 1011, and at least one group of windows 1011 are arranged symmetrically relative to the center of the axis of the thin-wall part; after the thin-wall part blank is fixed by a milling die, the milling tool penetrates into the thin-wall part blank through the first end face 102, and a window 1011 which meets the target size is obtained by processing the window 1011 in the opposite side 101.
The thin-walled workpiece blank is obtained by casting, and dimensional accuracy such as a window 1011 in the blank obtained by casting cannot meet the requirement, so that a milling cutter is required to further process the blank to obtain a specified shape and accuracy.
In fig. 2, the annular groove 1031 is obtained by fixing the thin-walled workpiece blank with a turning mold and then machining the second end surface 103 with a turning tool.
The side 101 of the thin-wall part is provided with a plurality of positioning blocks 1012, and at least one group of positioning blocks 1012 are arranged symmetrically relative to the axis center of the thin-wall part.
The side 101 of the part blank 1 has a plurality of windows 1011, and the windows 1011 need to be machined one by rotating the part blank by milling, so that it is necessary to determine the rotation angle of the part blank 1 and the rotating platform connected thereto after finishing machining the adjacent windows 1011 to match the machining of the next window 1011.
As shown in fig. 1, the side surface 101 is provided with a plurality of first grooves 1013 spaced apart from each other on the side near the first end surface 102.
In practice, the first recess 1013 is obtained by milling the side 101 from the outside to the inside.
The thin-walled member has thin-walled characteristics, and specifically, the ratio of the wall thickness of the first end face 102, the second end face 103 and the side face 101 to the outer diameter of the thin-walled member is 1:200-1000.
It should be noted that chatter and deformation are mainly affected by the relative values of the wall thickness and the diameter of the part, and the smaller the relative ratio of the wall thickness to the diameter of the part is, the more remarkable thin-wall characteristic is exhibited by the part, and the machining accuracy is remarkably reduced due to machining chatter and deformation.
Specifically, the thin-walled member may be any one of carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, and magnesium alloy.
In summary, the deformation of the cylindrical thin-walled workpiece needs to be processed in the peripheral direction by adopting vertical lathe processing and in the peripheral direction of the end surface, and meanwhile, the side surface of the workpiece blank needs to be processed in the radial direction by adopting milling machine processing; therefore, the forming process of the cylindrical thin-wall part can be subjected to axial and radial external forces, and the cylindrical thin-wall part is easy to shake in the two directions, so that the forming shape and the forming precision are affected.
In addition, the errors that are unavoidable in the casting to obtain the blank of the part covered by the steel are expressed as: the rotation axis of the blank is not coincident with the geometric center, and the wall thickness is uneven; when the cast blank is directly processed, the eccentric tremble is difficult to avoid when the rotary workbench rotates, and the molding shape and the molding precision are affected.
On the other hand, the invention provides a method for controlling tremble in the machining process of a cylindrical thin-wall part, which is used for solving the problem of tremble of the cylindrical thin-wall part in the radial direction and the axial direction, wherein the machining process comprises milling of the side surface of the cylindrical thin-wall part and turning of the end surface and the outer circle of the cylindrical thin-wall part, and the tremble comprises radial tremble and axial tremble; as shown in fig. 8, the method of controlling tremor includes:
A guard board is arranged around the circumferential side surface of the milling die, and the guard board is tightly attached and fixed with the side surface, so that the side surface is radially fixed on the milling die through the guard board, and the control of radial vibration of the side surface in the milling process is realized;
the outer support structure and the inner support structure are arranged on the turning mold, the outer support structure is pressed and supported on the outer side face of the hollow annular end face, the inner support structure is pressed and supported on the inner side face of the hollow annular end face, and the control of axial vibration of the hollow annular end face in the turning process is realized.
Specifically, the control of lateral radial chatter during milling and the control of axial chatter during milling are related to: as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5: one end of the milling die 2 is provided with a first pressing plate 201 in press fit connection with the first end face 102, and the other end is provided with a first bottom fixing piece 203 in press fit connection with the second end face 103.
Specifically, the first pressing plate 201 has a hollow annular structure, and the milling cutter enters the thin-walled workpiece from the first end face 102 for milling or milling the outer part of the thin-walled workpiece.
Meanwhile, the milling mold is further provided with a first pull rod 204 for connecting the first pressing plate 201 and the first bottom fixing piece 203; the circumferential outer edge of the first pressing plate 201 is fixedly connected with the circumferential outer edge of the first bottom fixing piece 203 through a first pull rod 204, and the first bottom fixing piece 203 is fixedly connected with a machine tool platform; the first pull rod 204 provides a fastening force along the direction of the first pull rod 204, so that the thin-wall part is pressed and fixed on the machine tool platform.
The first pull rod 204 is circumferentially arranged along the side face 101, and the milling die is provided with a guard plate 202 for limiting radial vibration of the thin-wall part on the side face 101 of the thin-wall part; the guard plate 202 circumferentially surrounds the side face 101 and is provided with a first through hole 2022 axially arranged; the first through holes 2022 are in one-to-one correspondence with the first tie bars 204; the first tie rod 204 passes through the first through hole 2022; the guard plate 202 is radially fixed by a first pull rod 204 circumferentially arranged along the side surface 101; meanwhile, enough static friction force is generated after the guard plate 202 and the side face 101 are circumferentially attached in a surrounding mode, axial fixing of the guard plate 202 is achieved, and fixing of the guard plate 202 is achieved. When the inner wall of the side face 101 is machined by the milling machine tool, the guard plate 202 is circumferentially attached to the side face 101, and deformation or vibration of the thin-wall part radially outwards can be limited.
The milling machine tool is used for machining the side face 101 of the thin-walled workpiece gradually from the inside to the outside of the thin-walled workpiece, so that radial outward force is applied to the side face 101, and deformation or vibration of the side face 101 is easily caused; when the wall thickness of the processed blank becomes thin, the adverse effect of deformation or chatter on the processing accuracy is further increased.
Compared with the prior art, the first pressing plate 201, the first bottom fixing piece 203, the first pull rod 204 and the guard plate 202 are arranged in the milling die, so that the pressing fixation of the thin-wall piece is realized, and meanwhile, the adverse effect of tremble on the machining precision during side machining is greatly reduced; the defect that the side surface of the thin-wall part is easy to shake and has poor machining precision when being machined from inside to outside in the prior art is overcome.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the first end face 102 of the thin-walled member is press-connected with the first pressing plate 201; the second end face 103 is connected with the first bottom fixing piece 203 in a pressing mode; both ends of the first pull rod 204 are fixedly connected with the circumferential edges of the first pressing plate 201 and the first bottom fixing piece 203 respectively; the first pull rod 204 is arranged along the circumferential edges of the first pressing plate 201 and the first bottom fixing piece 203 and penetrates through the first through hole 2022, so that the guard plate 202 is radially fixed and circumferentially pressed with the side face 101; the pressed guard 202 generates enough static friction force with the side 101, so that the guard 202 and the side 101 are axially fixed.
Specifically, the side surface of the guard plate 202 is further provided with a plurality of radially arranged second through holes 2021, which are used for ventilation and heat dissipation of the side surface of the blank when the external device detects and processes the wall thickness of the side surface 101.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the thickness of the side wall can be measured while milling is performed by arranging the second through hole, ventilation and heat dissipation are realized through the through hole, and the problems of difficult thickness control and unsmooth heat dissipation in the processing of the side wall of the thin-wall part in the prior art are solved.
It should be noted that, the processing of thin-wall parts, especially the processing and heat dissipation of magnesium alloy parts, is always a key problem, and excessive heat accumulation can cause softening deformation and even burning of magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloy is a few metals which can react with nitrogen and oxygen in air at the same time, and the temperature control is particularly important during processing.
Preferably, the guard plate 202 is formed by axially splicing two guard plate units, and a connecting structure 205 with adjustable connecting gaps is arranged at the joint of the two guard plate units, so that the guard plate 202 can be matched with thin-wall part blanks with different outer diameters, and the lamination degree of the guard plate 202 and the side face 101 is adjusted; when the pressing force is large enough, the guard plate 202 and the side face 101 generate a large enough static friction force, so that the guard plate 202 is axially fixed.
To achieve the machining of the first recess 1013 in the side 101, the height of the guard 202 is set lower than the height of the thin-walled blank.
Specifically, the milling cutter machines the first recess 1013 from outside to inside through the gap between the shield 202 and the first platen 201.
Preferably, the wall thickness of the shield 202 is greater than the wall thickness of the thin-walled workpiece blank.
It should be noted that, the guard plate 202 is radially fixed through the first tie rod 204 and circumferentially surrounds and is pressed with the side 101, meanwhile, the wall thickness of the guard plate 202 is far greater than that of the thin-wall part blank, so that the rigidity of the side surface of the thin-wall part blank is improved, and when the milling cutter is used for machining the first groove 1013, the guard plate 202 provides circumferential supporting force for the side surface 101, and the supporting force is opposite to the force application direction of the milling cutter, so that the thin-wall part blank is stable and is not easy to vibrate or deform from outside to inside.
On the one hand, the side surface of the guard plate 202 and the circular arch structure of the guard plate 202 can effectively disperse the force applied by the milling cutter; on the other hand, the guard 202 provides circumferential supporting force for the side 101, and the guard 202 uniformly applies force at each point where the guard contacts the side 101, so that the side deformation of the blank of the thin-walled workpiece caused by local stress concentration can be prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the guard plate 202 is arranged around the side surface of the blank of the thin-wall part, and can provide supporting force for two radial directions when the side surface of the blank of the thin-wall part is milled, so that vibration and deformation in the two radial directions are reduced.
Specifically, the first pull rod is detachably fixedly connected with the first pressing plate and the first bottom fixing piece.
Preferably, the connecting area of the first pull rod and the first pressing plate as well as the first bottom fixing piece is provided with threads, and the first pull rod is fixedly connected with the first pressing plate and the first bottom fixing piece by means of nuts matched with the threads.
Preferably, the first pull rod is symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the axis of the thin-wall part, and provides uniform pressure for the thin-wall part in the radial direction.
Specifically, use milling die to be fixed in rotary table with the free end face of thin wall spare blank, include:
s101: the first pressing plate of the milling die is in press fit connection with the first end face, and the first bottom fixing piece is in press fit connection with the second end face;
S102: fixedly connecting the circumferential outer edge of the first pressing plate with the corresponding position of the circumferential outer edge of the first bottom fixing piece through a first pull rod, and fixedly connecting the first bottom fixing piece with the machine tool platform;
s103: the first pull rod penetrates through the first through hole formed in the circumferential surrounding side face, and the first pull rod arranged along the side face circumferentially surrounds the attaching side face in the circumferential direction of the guard board.
Specifically, the control of integral axial vibration of the thin-wall part and the control of axial vibration of the hollow annular end face in the turning process are related to: the turning mold is fixedly connected with the first end face and the second end face of the thin-wall piece at the same time, so that the thin-wall piece is fixed on the turning mold, the turning mold is provided with an external supporting structure and an internal supporting structure, the external supporting structure supports the outer side face of the second end face, and the internal supporting structure supports the inner side face of the second end face.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the turning mold includes: a second platen 307, a second bottom fixture 303; one end of the external supporting structure 301 is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece 303, and the other end is in press fit connection with the outer side surface of the second pressing plate 307; the inner side surface of the second pressing plate 307 is in press-fit connection with the outer side of the second end surface 103, and the external support structure 301 provides a force for tightening the press-fit between the second pressing plate 307 and the second bottom fixing member 303 for the thin-walled member through the second pressing plate 307.
Meanwhile, one side of the inner supporting structure 305 is connected with the inner side of the second end face 103 in a pressing mode, the other side of the inner supporting structure 305 is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece 303, and the inner supporting structure 305 and the second bottom fixing piece 303 provide supporting force for the second end face 103 from the inside of the thin-wall piece to the outside.
Specifically, the second end surface 103 partially coincides with the press-fit area of the second pressing plate 307, and the annular center edge of the second end surface 103 is provided with an area which is not blocked by the second pressing plate 307 and is used for processing the annular groove 1031.
Alternatively, the inner support structure 305 is fully coincident with the region of the second platen 307 for machining the annular groove 1031, the inner support structure 305 providing support to the machining region of the annular groove 1031 from inside the second platen 307.
The machining of the annular groove 1031 by the turning tool is performed from shallow to deep outside the second end surface 103, and at this time, the turning tool gives an external-to-internal pressing force to the second end surface 103, and under the action of the force, the second end surface 103 also generates deformation or tremble, thereby affecting the machining precision; when the wall thickness of the thin-wall part is smaller, the influence of deformation or tremble on the precision is larger, and the processing difficulty of the part is correspondingly increased.
Compared with the prior art, the internal support structure and the external support structure are arranged, the second pressing plate is used for providing the force for tightening and pressing between the second pressing plate and the second bottom fixing piece for the thin-wall piece, the internal support structure and the second bottom fixing piece are used for providing the supporting force from the inside to the outside of the thin-wall piece for the second end face, the forces in the two opposite directions balance the stress of the second pressing piece, the second end face is fixed, the deformation and the vibration of the second end face during machining of the machining tool are reduced, and the machining precision is improved.
Specifically, in order to realize press-fit fixation of the thin-walled workpiece during turning, as shown in fig. 7, the outer support structure 301 is provided with a connecting pressing plate 3011, a second pull rod 3013 and an outer support rod 3012; the connecting press plate 3011 is provided with a through hole; the second pull rods 3013 are in one-to-one correspondence with the through holes, one end of each second pull rod 3013 penetrates through each through hole and is fixedly connected with the corresponding connecting pressing plate 3011, and the other end of each second pull rod 3013 is fixedly connected with the corresponding second bottom fixing piece 303; a set of side surfaces penetrating through the through hole is disposed parallel to the second pressing plate 307, and one side surface of the set of side surfaces is pressed and abutted with the outer edge of the second pressing plate 307.
In practice, as shown in fig. 6, the second pressing plate 307 is an annular plate, the connecting pressing plate 3011 is a cuboid connecting block, and is pressed on the outer edge of the annular plate.
Optionally, a threaded structure is disposed at the end of the second pull rod 3013, and the second pull rod 3013 is fixedly connected to the connecting pressing plate 3011 by a nut after penetrating through the connecting pressing plate 3011.
It should be noted that, the connecting press plate 3011 is pressed against the outer edge of the annular flat plate of the second press plate 307, and is fixed to the second bottom fixing member 303 by the second tie rod 3013, so that the connection point between the second tie rod 3013 and the second press plate 307 is not coincident with the stress point between the connecting press plate and the second press plate 307, and the connecting press plate is subjected to a reverse stress while pressing the second press plate 307, so that the pressing and fixing manner between the connecting press plate 3011 and the second press plate 307 is easy to loosen.
Further, in order to solve the problem of easy loosening and falling of the press-fit fixation of the connecting press plate 3011 and the second press plate 307, the outer support structure 301 is provided with an outer support rod 3012; one end of the external support rod 3012 is fixedly connected with the connecting pressing plate 3011, the other end is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece 303, and the external support rod 3013 is far away from the thin-wall piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize stable lamination and fixation of the corners of the thin-wall part by arranging the connecting pressing plate 3011, the external supporting rod 3012 and the second pull rod 3013 on the external supporting structure 301, and does not need to adopt a long connecting pressing plate passing through the center area of the second end surface like the prior art, thereby improving the defect that the thin-wall part fixing die in the prior art interferes with the lathe tool processing.
Specifically, to achieve inboard support of the second end face 103, the inner support structure 305 is provided with an inboard support plate 3051 and an inboard support rod 3052; the inner support plate 3051 is in a ring shape and is coaxially matched with the second end surface 103, and the inner side provides a support force for the second end surface 103, which is opposite to the pressing force of the connecting pressing plate 3011; one end of the inner support rod 3052 is fixedly connected with the inner support plate 3051, and the other end is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece 303, so that a supporting force opposite to the pressing force of the connecting pressing plate 3011 from inside to outside is provided for the inner support plate 3051.
Optionally, the inner support plate 3051 fully coincides with the machining area of the annular groove 1031, providing a supporting force for machining the annular groove 1031 that is opposite to the pressing force of the connecting press plate 3011; thus, the deformation and vibration generated by the processing groove of the thin-wall part can be greatly improved.
Specifically, adopt the lathe work mould to be fixed in swivel work head with the free end face of thin wall spare blank, include:
s201: one end of the external supporting structure is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece, and the other end of the external supporting structure is in pressing connection with the outer side surface of the second pressing plate; the inner side surface of the second pressing plate is connected with the outer side of the second end surface in a pressing way;
s202: one side of the internal supporting structure is connected with the inner side of the second end face in a pressing mode, and the other side of the internal supporting structure is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece.
The tremors also include eccentric tremors, and the eccentric tremor control method includes: correcting the axle center of the thin-wall part blank based on the fitting image of the thin-wall part blank and the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank, carrying out vertical lathe processing based on the corrected axle center to obtain the thin-wall part blank with uniform wall thickness, realizing the control of eccentric tremble in the processing process and the eccentric tremble problem caused by the poor casting precision of the thin-wall part blank,
Specifically, regarding eccentric tremor:
the obtaining of the thin-walled workpiece blank with uniform wall thickness comprises the following steps:
s301: connecting the centers of positioning blocks which are symmetrical relative to the center of the axle center to serve as reference positioning lines of the hollow annular end face, acquiring fitting images of the thin-wall part blank based on laser scanning fitting imaging, and correcting the reference positioning lines based on the fitting images of the thin-wall part blank; the thin-wall part blank is provided with a side surface, a free end surface without shielding and a hollow annular end surface; the inner surface of the side surface is provided with at least two positioning blocks which are symmetrical relative to the center of the axle center.
Specifically, the cast part blank information obtained by laser scanning is synthesized into a fitting image of a thin-wall part blank by using laser scanning fitting imaging analysis software; acquiring deviation of a fitting image of the thin-wall part blank and a theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank in each radial section based on the fitting image of the part blank and the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank; judging the deviation of each radial section:
if the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 The reference positioning line is corrected without any adjustment;
if the deviation of each radial section is greater than a first threshold delta 1 Adjusting the position of the axis of the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank until the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 Recording a position change value delta (x, y, z) of a central line in a space coordinate system; obtaining the axial lead coordinates of the corrected part blank according to delta (x, y, z) change of the axial lead of the part blank in the same space coordinate system; connecting the center of the positioning block and the axial lead of the corrected part blank in a radial plane, and taking the connecting line of the center of the positioning block and the axial lead of the corrected part blank as a corrected reference positioning line.
When in implementation, the thin-wall part blank is a hollow thin-wall part blank with two end surfaces, which is obtained by casting, and the end surfaces are fixed on a rotating platform and can freely rotate around the axle center during processing; the two end faces are arranged parallel to the radial plane.
When the method is implemented, the positioning block and the blank of the thin-walled part are cast and formed in a die, and the positioning block and the blank of the thin-walled part can be of a structure which is regular in shape and convenient to find the center, such as a cuboid; the positioning blocks can be arranged in a plurality of groups, and the centers of the two pairs of positioning blocks are symmetrical.
It should be noted that, the setting precision of the positioning block on the thin-wall workpiece blank meets the primary alignment requirement, so that a processing personnel can roughly judge the reference line position, the rotation angle of the thin-wall workpiece blank is convenient to adjust, and the initial processing position of the thin-wall workpiece blank is close to the processing area.
It should be noted that the side wall thickness of the thin-walled workpiece blank obtained by casting is uneven, and is not in an ideal uniform state; if the original design axis is used for processing, products with uneven wall thickness are necessarily obtained; therefore, the axial lead position of the thin-wall part blank needs to be corrected, so that the thin-wall part blank can be rotationally processed by taking the axial lead position as the axial lead, and a product with uniform wall thickness can be obtained.
When the method is implemented, the space coordinate system usually adopts the axial direction of the thin-wall part as a coordinate axis, and the radial direction is the plane where the other two coordinate axes are located; the laser scanning fitting imaging analysis software can simultaneously display a fitting image of the part blank and a theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank, calculate a non-overlapping area of the fitting image and the theoretical image, give different color marks, and intuitively acquire each radial plane deviation of the thin-wall part through the color marks; the color mark of each radial plane deviation is changed by adjusting the position of the axis of the fitting image of the part blank, so that the position with the relatively minimum radial plane deviation can be screened out, and the position is used as the position after the axis of the part blank is corrected, and the position change value delta (x, y, z) is calculated; in a space coordinate system for processing and fixing the part blank, the corrected position of the axis of the part blank is obtained after the axis is changed according to delta (x, y, z), any one of a group of positioning blocks which are symmetrical relative to the center of the axis is selected, the center of the positioning block and the axis of the corrected part blank are connected in a radial plane, and the connecting line of the center of the positioning block and the axis of the corrected part blank is used as a corrected reference positioning line to finish the correction of the reference positioning line.
S302: and (3) performing vertical turning on the outer circles of the two end faces and the side faces of the thin-wall part blank subjected to the reference positioning line correction to obtain the thin-wall part blank with uniform wall thickness.
Specifically, a three-jaw clamp is adopted to fix the thin-wall part blank from the inner part of the thin-wall part blank, the free end face of the thin-wall part blank is fixed on a rotary workbench, and the hollow annular end face is arranged near a turning cutter end; the turning tool carries out turning on the outer circles of the two end surfaces and the side surfaces of the thin-wall part blank from the hollow annular end surface to the free end surface.
It should be noted that the three-jaw clamp is an internal fixing clamp commonly used for lathes, and is provided with three jaw heads, so that the distance between the three jaw heads can be adjusted, and the hollow parts with different inner diameters can be clamped and fixed from the inside of the hollow parts.
The allowance for the vertical lathe machining described herein means that the vertical lathe machining is not finished to the size of the molding assembly, and that there is an allowance for further vertical lathe machining.
The axial lead of the thin-wall part blank subjected to the machining and rotation of the reference positioning line is corrected, and the side surface of the thin-wall part blank obtained by the machining and rotation of the axial lead has a more uniform wall thickness; the cross section of the part blank after the vertical lathe is processed is changed compared with the original thin-wall part blank, the wall thickness is uniform, and the center of the cross section of the part blank is positioned on the corrected axis.
Compared with the prior art, on one hand, the invention adopts the special vertical lathe processing die and milling processing die to process the thin-wall part with the annular groove on the end face, adopts the processing mode of rough processing, semi-finishing and finishing, reduces the deformation and mechanical damage caused by the accumulated stress of the thin-wall material, and improves the processing precision; the method comprises the steps of carrying out primary milling and primary turning on the outer circle of the side wall of the thin-wall part by adopting a vertical turning mold, gradually turning and thinning the outer circle of the side wall of the thin-wall part, gradually weakening the rigidity of the side wall, and improving the rigidity of the side surface of the blank of the thin-wall part by arranging a guard plate on the milling mold in the subsequent milling process, wherein the guard plate can provide supporting force for two radial directions when the blank of the thin-wall part is milled, so that the tremble and deformation in the two radial directions are reduced; meanwhile, in order to cope with the reduction of the rigidity of the side wall of the thin-wall part and avoid deformation of the side wall during vertical lathe machining, the inner support structure and the outer support structure are arranged in the lathe machining die to fix the second end face, so that the dimensional accuracy of the structures such as side milling windows and the like is ensured.
On the other hand, the first pressing plate, the first bottom fixing piece, the first pull rod and the guard plate are arranged in the milling die, so that the thin-wall piece is pressed and fixed, and meanwhile, the adverse effect of tremble on the machining precision during side machining is greatly reduced; the defect that the side surface of the thin-wall part is easy to shake and has poor machining precision when being milled from inside to outside in the prior art is overcome.
In addition, the invention adopts the laser scanning imaging technology to preliminarily judge the wall thickness condition of each section of casting, determines the correction position of the rotating axis, adjusts and coordinates the wall thickness size of each processing part based on the corrected axis to the processing datum line, ensures that the wall thickness borrowing amount of the part before processing is uniform as much as possible, ensures that the processing allowance of each surface is uniform, ensures that the wall thickness uniformity meets the requirement, and simultaneously greatly reduces the workload of machine tool alignment and zero setting in the subsequent working procedure while ensuring the datum line marking precision.
In addition, the positioning blocks are arranged on the inner side surfaces of the cast thin-wall part blanks, and the radial plane connecting line of the centers of the positioning blocks is used as a reference in the first vertical lathe process, so that the workload of machine tool alignment and change setting in the subsequent working procedures can be greatly reduced on the basis of meeting the precision requirement; the positioning block and the rotation axis correction position are further utilized to determine a processing reference positioning line; further, a reference hole is arranged on the processing reference positioning line and used as a transmission medium of an original reference, so that the continuation of the reference is ensured, and the processing precision is improved.
In addition, the deformation and precision errors in the casting process of the blank after the positioning datum line and the axis are corrected are removed through vertical lathe machining, so that the rotation axis of the blank coincides with the geometric center of the end face of the blank, and the datum is provided for the next machining by combining the positioning datum line.
Specifically, S301, obtaining a fitting image of a blank of the thin-walled workpiece based on laser scanning fitting imaging includes: and using the sensors densely distributed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the thin-wall part blank as data sampling points, using laser scanning to acquire the coordinates of the sensors in a space coordinate system, and fitting out the three-dimensional image of the thin-wall part blank according to the space coordinate information of the sensors.
Specifically, S301 corrects the axis of the thin-walled workpiece blank based on the fitted image of the thin-walled workpiece blank, including:
s3011: the method comprises the steps of overlapping a fitted image of a part blank and an axial lead of a theoretical image of a thin-wall part blank by utilizing laser scanning fitting imaging software, comparing the thicknesses of all areas of the radial section of the part blank, automatically obtaining deviation and carrying out color identification according to the deviation;
s3012: if the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 The reference positioning line is corrected without any adjustment;
If the deviation of each radial section is greater than a first threshold delta 1 Adjusting the position of the axis of the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank until the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 Recording a position change value delta (x, y, z) of a central line in a space coordinate system;
s3013: constructing a space coordinate system which is the same as the fitting image of the part blank and the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank, and acquiring the axial lead coordinate of the corrected part blank according to delta (x, y, z) change in the coordinate system.
The first threshold value δ 1 Is related to the accuracy of the dial indicator itself, a first threshold delta 1 Less than 0.02mm, and exceeds the precision range of the dial indicator.
Specifically, the vertical lathe processing in S302 includes the following steps:
s3021: selecting 1/4-1/2 of the machining amount of the vertical lathe for trial machining of the fixed thin-wall part blank to obtain a trial machining blank sample;
s3022: detecting and testing the eccentricity of the processed blank sample rotating around the axis of the corrected part blank;
s3023: judging the eccentricity;
if the eccentricity is smaller than the second threshold delta 2 Turning is carried out;
if the eccentricity is greater than the second threshold delta 2 Repeating S3012-S3013 to correct the axial lead of the part blank again until the eccentricity is smaller than a second threshold delta 2 。
Specifically, the eccentricity of S3022 is checked by a dial indicator, and the method includes the following steps: fixing the fixed end of the dial indicator on a machine tool platform, and enabling the test end to be in contact with the side surface of the part blank until an indication is obtained; and recording the percentage representation number change in the process of rotating the part blank for one circle.
Specifically, the eccentricity is evaluated by using the pointer indication change eta of the dial indicator, and eta satisfies the following conditions: η=s max -S min Wherein S is max Is the maximum value of the pointer indication number of the dial indicator S min The indicator is the minimum value of the indicator.
Optionally, aOf a second threshold delta 2 Set to 0.02mm.
The second threshold value δ 2 Is related to the accuracy of the dial indicator itself, a second threshold delta 2 Less than 0.02mm, and exceeds the precision range of the dial indicator.
In order to meet the requirement of magnesium alloy processing, the feeding amount of a part blank is 0.4 mm/r-0.6 mm/r during the first turning; below 0.4mm/r, the magnesium alloy is easy to deform and even self-ignite due to local overheating; above 0.6mm/r, it is difficult to meet the accuracy requirement.
In order to improve the local heat dissipation, air-cooled air flow of 0.6 MPa-0.8 MPa is supplied during the processing of the part blank.
The water or oil cutting cooling liquid can react with the high-temperature magnesium alloy; compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the air-cooled air flow of 0.6MPa to 0.8MPa to cool, solves the problem of local heat dissipation, is favorable for further reducing the feeding amount and improves the processing precision and the processing safety.
In order to reduce the deformation during processing, the cutting depth of the part blank is 0.5-2; the cutting depth of the part blank is more than 2, and the part blank is easy to deform under the fixation of a common three-jaw clamp.
Specifically, the processing amount of the vertical lathe is 2 mm-4 mm.
Preferably, the processing amount of the vertical lathe is 3mm.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method for controlling tremble in the machining process of the cylindrical thin-wall part is characterized in that the machining process comprises milling of the side face of the cylindrical thin-wall part, turning of the end face and the outer circle of the cylindrical thin-wall part, and the tremble comprises radial tremble and axial tremble; the method for controlling tremor comprises the following steps:
a guard board is arranged around the circumferential side surface of the milling die, and the guard board is tightly attached and fixed with the side surface, so that the side surface is radially fixed on the milling die through the guard board, and the control of radial vibration of the side surface in the milling process is realized;
the outer support structure and the inner support structure are arranged on the turning mold, the outer support structure is pressed and supported on the outer side face of the hollow annular end face, the inner support structure is pressed and supported on the inner side face of the hollow annular end face, and the control of axial vibration of the hollow annular end face in the turning process is realized.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tremors further comprise eccentric tremors, the eccentric tremor control method comprising: correcting the axle center of the thin-wall part blank based on the fitting image of the thin-wall part blank and the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank, and carrying out vertical lathe processing based on the corrected axle center to obtain the thin-wall part blank with uniform wall thickness, thereby realizing the control of eccentric tremble in the processing process.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method of obtaining the fitted image of the thin-walled workpiece blank comprises: and using the sensors densely distributed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the thin-wall part blank as data sampling points, using laser scanning to acquire the coordinates of the sensors in a space coordinate system, and fitting out the three-dimensional image of the thin-wall part blank according to the space coordinate information of the sensors.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein obtaining a thin-walled workpiece blank having a uniform wall thickness comprises:
s301: connecting the centers of positioning blocks which are symmetrical relative to the center of the axle center to serve as reference positioning lines of the hollow annular end face, acquiring fitting images of the thin-wall part blank based on laser scanning fitting imaging, and correcting the reference positioning lines based on the fitting images of the thin-wall part blank; the thin-wall part blank is provided with a side surface, a free end surface without shielding and a hollow annular end surface; the inner surface of the side surface is provided with at least two positioning blocks which are symmetrical relative to the center of the axle center;
S302: and (3) performing vertical turning on the outer circles of the two end faces and the side faces of the thin-wall part blank subjected to the reference positioning line correction to obtain the thin-wall part blank with uniform wall thickness.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein correcting the axis of the thin-walled workpiece blank based on the fitted image of the thin-walled workpiece blank comprises:
s3011: overlapping the fitted image of the part blank and the axial lead of the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank by utilizing laser scanning fitting imaging software, comparing the thicknesses of all areas of the radial section of the part blank, automatically acquiring deviation and carrying out color identification according to the deviation;
s3012: if the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 The reference positioning line is corrected without any adjustment;
if the deviation of each radial section is greater than a first threshold delta 1 Adjusting the position of the axis of the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank until the deviation of each radial section is less than or equal to a first threshold delta 1 Recording a position change value delta (x, y, z) of a central line in a space coordinate system;
s3013: constructing a space coordinate system which is the same as the fitting image of the part blank and the theoretical image of the thin-wall part blank, and acquiring the axial lead coordinate of the corrected part blank according to delta (x, y, z) change in the coordinate system.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the chatter control method further comprises controlling axial chatter during milling: the milling die is fixedly connected with the two end faces of the cylindrical thin-wall piece at the same time by the radial tremble, so that the two end faces of the thin-wall piece are axially fixed on the milling die, and the control of the axial tremble in the milling process is realized.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the milling die has a first platen in press-fit connection with one end and a first bottom fixture in press-fit connection with the other end; the milling mold is also provided with a first pull rod for connecting the first pressing plate and the first bottom fixing piece.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first tie rod is provided in plurality along the side surface circumference, and the milling die is provided with a guard plate for limiting radial chatter of the thin-walled member on the side surface of the thin-walled member; the guard plate circumferentially surrounds the side surface and is provided with a first through hole which is axially arranged; the first through holes are in one-to-one correspondence with the first pull rods; the first pull rod penetrates through the first through hole, so that the guard plate is radially fixed; meanwhile, after the guard plate is circumferentially attached to the side surface, enough static friction force is generated, so that the guard plate is axially fixed; the guard plate is circumferentially attached to the side face, and deformation or vibration of the thin-wall part radially outwards is limited.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the chatter control method further comprises controlling overall axial chatter of the thin-walled member during the turning process: and the turning mold is fixedly connected with the two end surfaces of the cylindrical thin-wall part at the same time, so that the two end surfaces of the thin-wall part are axially fixed on the turning mold, and the control of integral axial vibration of the thin-wall part in the turning process is realized.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein one end of the turning mold is provided with a second pressing plate in press fit connection with the turning mold, and the other end is provided with a second bottom fixing piece in press fit connection with the turning mold, and the second pressing plate is in press fit connection with the hollow annular end face; one end of the external supporting structure is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece, and the other end of the external supporting structure is in pressing connection with the outer side face of the second pressing plate; one side of the inner supporting structure is connected with the inner side of the hollow annular end face in a pressing mode, and the other side of the inner supporting structure is fixedly connected with the second bottom fixing piece, so that control of axial vibration of the hollow annular end face in the turning process is achieved.
CN202310229958.7A 2023-03-10 2023-03-10 Method for controlling tremble in processing process of cylindrical thin-wall part Pending CN116060674A (en)

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