CN116060013A - Method for preparing carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst through hydrothermal carbonization - Google Patents

Method for preparing carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst through hydrothermal carbonization Download PDF

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CN116060013A
CN116060013A CN202310137127.7A CN202310137127A CN116060013A CN 116060013 A CN116060013 A CN 116060013A CN 202310137127 A CN202310137127 A CN 202310137127A CN 116060013 A CN116060013 A CN 116060013A
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carbon
salt
ethylenediamine tetraacetic
hydrothermal carbonization
coated
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李福伟
李金磊
王嘉
席永杰
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/755—Nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/75—Cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08—Heat treatment
    • B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization, which comprises the steps of adding a carbon source and a metal precursor into an alcohol-water mixed solvent, stirring and mixing uniformly, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization for 1-24 hours at 80-250 ℃, centrifugally separating, washing, drying, and calcining for 1-12 hours at 200-1000 ℃ in a protective atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated high-loading bimetallic catalyst. The method has simple operation method and good universality; the method for preparing the carbon-coated high-loading bimetallic catalyst is simple, mild in process condition, low in cost, easy to control metal loading, environment-friendly, wide in hydrogenation catalytic capability, capable of realizing selective hydrogenation on various organic compounds containing unsaturated bonds, and suitable for industrial production.

Description

Method for preparing carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst through hydrothermal carbonization
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst, in particular to a method for preparing the carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization, which is mainly used for preparing organic compounds with corresponding unsaturated bonds by hydrogenation reaction, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials and the field of hydrogenation catalysts.
Background
The metal nano particle catalyst has wide application in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology and the like due to the unique physical and chemical properties such as size effect, quantum effect and the like. However, metal nanoparticles, particularly non-noble metal nanoparticles, are extremely unstable in air due to their unique physicochemical properties and are easily oxidized. Meanwhile, the loss or sintering easily occurs in the reaction process, so that the catalytic activity of the metal nano particles is drastically reduced. Thus, carbon-coated metal nanoparticles were first discovered in the Rouff research team in the united states (r.rouff et al, science, 259, 346 (1993)), and this material has attracted considerable interest to researchers. The coated metal nano particles avoid excessive contact between active components and the external environment, and the problem of preservation of the metal nano particles in air atmosphere is solved. Meanwhile, due to the protection effect of the coated carbon, the metal nano particles reduce the problem of metal nano particle loss or agglomeration caused by the reaction atmosphere in the reaction process.
According to literature reports, the existing preparation methods of the carbon-coated metal nanoparticle catalyst mainly comprise a pyrolysis method, a chemical vapor deposition method, an atomic layer deposition method, an arc discharge method and the like, but the operation methods are generally complex, the process flow is complex, the yield is low, and the metal loading is not easy to control. Therefore, the development of the preparation method of the high-load carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst with simple process, low cost and high yield has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization, which aims to solve the problems of complicated process flow, low yield, difficult control of metal loading and the like in the preparation of the carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst in the prior art.
Adding a carbon source and a metal precursor into an alcohol-water mixed solvent, stirring and mixing uniformly, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization for 1-24 hours at 80-250 ℃, centrifugally separating, washing, drying, and calcining for 1-12 hours (preferably 1-6 hours, and optimally 3-5 hours) at 200-1000 ℃ (preferably 300-600 ℃, optimally 400-500 ℃) in a protective atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated high-loading bimetallic catalyst.
In the alcohol-water mixed solvent, the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol; the volume ratio of the alcohol to the water is 1:1-1:5.
The carbon source is glucose and its derivatives (such as glucose hydrochloride), citric acid and its derivatives (citric acid monosodium salt, citric acid disodium salt, citric acid trisodium salt, citric acid monopotassium salt, citric acid tripotassium salt), and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and its derivatives (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid monosodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid trisodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid monopotassium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dipotassium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tripotassium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrapotassium salt).
The metal precursor is any two of nitrate, sulfate, acetate or chloride corresponding to hydrogenated metal iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc in a mass ratio of 1:1-1:5.
In the carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst, the content of hydrogenation metal is 20-95 wt%.
The carbon-coated high-loading bimetallic catalyst prepared by the invention consists of a porous carbon carrier and a catalytic active component, wherein the catalytic active component is coated by the carbon carrier. XRD patterns show that the prepared catalyst mainly exists in metal alloy, and has very important effect on catalytic hydrogenation, especially hydrogen activation. As can be seen from TEM images, the prepared carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst has the morphology of monodisperse spherical particles, and the size of the monodisperse spherical particles is 5-200 nm. The specific surface area of the prepared catalyst is 50-300 m through BET characterization 2 And/g. The larger specific surface area and the smaller uniform spherical structure can increase the number of active sites of the catalyst and improve the mass transfer efficiency, thereby improving the catalytic performance. Meanwhile, the TEM image can also find that the periphery of the metal nano-particles is coated with carbon. Carbon coating can inhibit metal activityThe components are oxidized by air, so that the hydrogen activating capacity of the metal active components is improved. In addition, the coating structure can also improve the stability of the catalyst metal active component under the reaction condition.
In addition, the type and the content of the hydrogenation metal component of the carbon-coated high-loading bimetallic catalyst can be adjusted.
In conclusion, the method for preparing the carbon-coated high-loading bimetallic catalyst is simple, mild in process condition, low in cost, easy to control metal loading, environment-friendly, wide in hydrogenation catalytic capability, capable of realizing selective hydrogenation on various organic compounds containing unsaturated bonds, and suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) pattern of the catalyst prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of the catalyst prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of the catalyst prepared in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of recycling the catalyst prepared in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparation of Co/Ni/C catalyst: adding 5.82g of cobalt nitrate, 5.80g of nickel nitrate and 6.72 g of g ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt into a mixed solution of 40 mL water and 20mL methanol, fully stirring for 4 hours, transferring into a 120 mL hydrothermal kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization on 24 h at 200 ℃, centrifugally separating the obtained complex precipitate, washing with methanol and water, and drying the obtained complex precipitate in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12 h; the solid obtained was carbonized at 400℃in nitrogen for 6 h to obtain the target catalyst Co/Ni/C.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) pattern and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) pattern of a catalyst Co/Ni/C, respectively. XRD patterns show that active components in the Co/Ni/C catalyst are mainly in a metal state, so that the hydrogen activating capacity of the catalyst can be improved. The Co/Ni/C bimetallic catalyst on the surface of the TEM image has the morphology of monodisperse spherical particles, and the size of the monodisperse spherical particles is 5-200 nm. It was also found that the metal active component NiCo of the catalyst was coated with carbon.
Weighing 0.5g of the catalyst prepared in example 1, 4g of phthalide and mL of cyclohexane, adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing 1 MPa of high-purity hydrogen, replacing the gas in the kettle for 6 times, raising the pressure of the hydrogen to 5.0MPa, reacting the reaction kettle at 170 ℃ for 24. 24 h, after the reaction is finished, placing the reaction kettle in an ice bath, rapidly cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction liquid, and taking supernatant to quantitatively analyze the reaction system. The yield of hexahydrophthalide was 96% as characterized by gas chromatography GC detection.
0.5g of the catalyst prepared in example 1, 4g of phenol, 20 g mL of water and 10mL of isopropanol are weighed and added into a high-pressure reaction kettle, 1 MPa high-purity hydrogen is introduced, after the gas in the kettle is replaced for 6 times, the hydrogen pressure is raised to 5.0MPa, the reaction kettle is reacted at 140 ℃ for 24 h, after the reaction is finished, the reaction kettle is placed in an ice bath and is rapidly cooled to room temperature, then the reaction liquid is subjected to centrifugal separation, and the supernatant liquid is taken for quantitative analysis of the reaction system. The yield of cyclohexanol was 99% as characterized by gas chromatography GC detection.
Example 2
Preparation of Fe/Ni/C catalyst: adding 8.08 g ferric nitrate, 5.80g nickel nitrate and 6.72 g ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt into a mixed solution of 40 mL water and 20mL methanol, fully stirring for 4 hours, transferring into a 120 mL hydrothermal kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 200 ℃ for 24 h, centrifugally separating the obtained complex precipitate, washing with methanol and water, and then drying the obtained complex precipitate in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12 h; the obtained solid was carbonized 6 h at 350 ℃ in a hydrogen/argon mixture to obtain the target catalyst.
Weighing 0.5g of the catalyst prepared in example 2, 5g of p-nitrostyrene, 20mL of water and 10mL of isopropanol, adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing 1 MPa high-purity hydrogen, replacing the gas in the kettle for 6 times, raising the pressure of the hydrogen to 3.0MPa, reacting the reaction kettle at 100 ℃ for 5 hours, after the reaction is finished, placing the reaction kettle in an ice bath, rapidly cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction liquid, and taking supernatant to quantitatively analyze the reaction system. The yield of 4-aminostyrene, characterized by GC-detection by gas chromatography, was 95%.
Example 3
Preparation of Co/Fe/C catalyst: cobalt nitrate 5.82g and ferric nitrate 8.08 g, and disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 6.72 g were added to 40 mL water and 20mL methanol solution, stirred well for 4 hours, then transferred to a 120 mL hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal carbonization at 200 ℃ for 24 h, the resulting complex precipitate was separated centrifugally, washed with methanol and water, and then the resulting complex precipitate was dried in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12 h. The solid was then carbonized 6 h in a hydrogen/argon mixture at 350 ℃ to give the target catalyst.
Weighing 0.5g of the catalyst prepared in example 3, 5g of p-nitrobenzene, 20mL of water and 10mL of isopropanol, adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing 1 MPa of high-purity hydrogen, replacing the gas in the kettle for 6 times, raising the pressure of the hydrogen to 5.0MPa, reacting the reaction kettle at 170 ℃ for 24. 24 h, after the reaction is finished, placing the reaction kettle in an ice bath, rapidly cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction liquid, and taking supernatant to quantitatively analyze the reaction system. The conversion of 4 nitrobenzene was 95% as characterized by gas chromatography GC detection.
Example 4
Preparation of Co/Cu/C catalyst: adding 5.82g cobalt nitrate and 4.11g copper nitrate, and 6.72 g ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt into a mixed solution of 40 mL water and 20mL methanol, fully stirring for 4 hours, transferring into a 120 mL hydrothermal kettle, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization at 200 ℃ for 24 h, centrifugally separating the obtained complex precipitate, washing with methanol and water, and then drying the obtained complex precipitate in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12 h; the obtained solid was carbonized 6 h at 350 ℃ in a hydrogen/argon mixture to obtain the target catalyst. FIG. 3 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of the catalyst Co/Cu/C prepared in example 4. From TEM images, the nano particles in the Co/Cu/C catalyst have a monodisperse spherical morphology structure.
Weighing 0.5g of the catalyst prepared in example 4, 5g of p-benzaldehyde, 10g of nitrobenzene, 20 g mL of water and 10mL of isopropanol, adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing 1 MPa of high-purity hydrogen, replacing the gas in the kettle for 6 times, raising the pressure of the hydrogen to 3.0MPa, reacting the reaction kettle at 160 ℃ for 18 h, after the reaction is finished, placing the reaction kettle in an ice bath, rapidly cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction liquid, and taking the supernatant to quantitatively analyze the reaction system. The yield of N-benzylaniline was 96% as characterized by GC-detection.
The catalyst of example 4 was recycled (the reaction process for preparing aniline by hydrogenating nitrobenzene, the reaction conditions are the same), and the yield of the product of the recycled catalyst is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the catalyst prepared by the invention still has a high catalytic effect after six uses.
2.0g (20-60 meshes) of the catalyst prepared in example 4 is weighed and is filled into a reaction tube of a fixed bed, mixed gas of 50% of acetylene and 50% of hydrogen is filled to 4.0MPa, the temperature is raised to 80 ℃, mixed gas is filled in 50ml/min, and the tail gas is subjected to GC analysis, so that the yield of ethylene is 90%.
Example 5
Preparation of Fe/Cu/C catalyst: 8.08 g ferric nitrate and 4.11g cupric nitrate, 6.72 g ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt were added to a mixed solution of 40 mL water and 20mL methanol, stirred well for 4 hours, then transferred to a 120 mL hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal carbonization at 200 ℃ for 24 h, the resulting complex precipitate was separated centrifugally, washed with methanol and water, and then the resulting complex precipitate was dried in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12 h. The resulting solid was carbonized at 400 ℃ in nitrogen to 6 h to give the target catalyst.
Weighing 0.5g of the catalyst prepared in example 5, 5.0g of phenylacetylene, 15ml of isopropanol and 15ml of water, adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, introducing 1 MPa high-purity hydrogen, replacing the gas in the kettle for 6 times, raising the pressure of the hydrogen to 3.0MPa, reacting the reaction kettle at 120 ℃ for 24. 24 h, after the reaction is finished, placing the reaction kettle in an ice bath, rapidly cooling to room temperature, centrifuging the reaction liquid, and taking supernatant to quantitatively analyze the reaction system. The yield of styrene was 96% as characterized by gas chromatography GC detection.
Example 6
Ni/Zn/C catalyst preparation: nickel nitrate 5.80g and zinc nitrate 5.95 g, and disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate 6.72 g were added to 40 mL water and 20mL methanol solution, stirred well for 4 hours, then transferred to a 120 mL hydrothermal kettle for hydrothermal carbonization at 200 ℃ for 24 h, the resulting complex precipitate was separated centrifugally, washed with methanol and water, and then the resulting complex precipitate was dried in an oven at 100 ℃ for 12 h. The resulting solid was then carbonized at 400 ℃ in nitrogen for 6 h to give the target catalyst.
0.5g of the catalyst prepared in example 6, 4g of benzoic acid, 20 g mL of water and 10mL of isopropanol are weighed and added into a high-pressure reaction kettle, 1 MPa high-purity hydrogen is introduced, after the gas in the kettle is replaced for 6 times, the hydrogen pressure is raised to 4.0MPa, the reaction kettle is reacted at 160 ℃ for 24 h, after the reaction is finished, the reaction kettle is placed in an ice bath and is rapidly cooled to room temperature, then the reaction liquid is subjected to centrifugal separation, and the supernatant liquid is taken for quantitative analysis of the reaction system. The yield of cyclohexylformic acid, as characterized by gas chromatography GC detection, was 99%.

Claims (8)

1. Adding a carbon source and a metal precursor into an alcohol-water mixed solvent, stirring and mixing uniformly, carrying out hydrothermal carbonization for 1-24 hours at 80-250 ℃, centrifugally separating, washing, drying, and calcining for 1-12 hours at 200-1000 ℃ in a protective atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated high-loading bimetallic catalyst.
2. The method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization of claim 1, wherein: the carbon source is glucose and derivatives thereof, citric acid and derivatives thereof, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and derivatives thereof.
3. The method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization of claim 2, wherein: the citric acid derivative is citric acid monosodium salt, citric acid disodium salt, citric acid trisodium salt, citric acid monopotassium salt, and citric acid tripotassium salt.
4. The method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization of claim 2, wherein: the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid derivative is ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid monosodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid trisodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid monopotassium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dipotassium salt, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tripotassium salt, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrapotassium salt.
5. The method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization of claim 2, wherein: the glucose derivative is glucose hydrochloride.
6. The method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization of claim 1, wherein: the metal precursor is any two of nitrate, sulfate, acetate or chloride corresponding to hydrogenated metal iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc in a mass ratio of 1:1-1:5.
7. The method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization of claim 1, wherein: in the alcohol-water mixed solvent, the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol; the volume ratio of the alcohol to the water is 1:1-1:5.
8. The method for preparing a carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst by hydrothermal carbonization of claim 1, wherein: in the carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst, the content of hydrogenation metal is 20-95 wt%.
CN202310137127.7A 2023-02-20 2023-02-20 Method for preparing carbon-coated bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst through hydrothermal carbonization Pending CN116060013A (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN108889300A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-11-27 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 A kind of preparation method and applications of novel hydro-thermal charcoal carried nanometer bi-metal catalyst
CN110354886A (en) * 2019-08-02 2019-10-22 陕西科技大学 A kind of nitrogen-doped carbon nickel-loaded cobalt dual-metal nanocatalyst, preparation method and application
CN110813337A (en) * 2019-12-02 2020-02-21 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Metal-phosphorus-carbon hierarchical pore catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
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