CN1160596A - Cyclonic water-sealed tower and fume and mud eliminating technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a technology and equipment for boiler, the technology includes fume purification, purifying liquid circulation and mud elimination, and the embodiment is cyclonic water-sealed tower and sewage precipitating tank. The technological system features the jet blower placed in front of wet scrubber, comprehensive consideration of cinder and mud elimination, the use of alkaline boiler waste water as neutralizing agent, the reuse of waste water from desulphurization and water extraction in scrubber, no waste liquid exhaust and pumping mud with submerged pump. The present invention results in a dedusting efficiency not lower than 98% and desulphurization rate not lower than 95%.

Description

Cyclonic water-sealed tower and fume and mud eliminating technology

The present invention a kind ofly carries out the technology of wet purification and mud eliminating and corollary equipment thereof, facility to coal-fired (comprising fuel oil, combustion gas) boiler smoke, can purify little tonnage boiler for domestic discharged flue gas, can purify large-tonnage electricity generation boiler discharged flue gas again.

As far back as 1884, there is human natural water that the SO2 in the flue gas is removed test abroad, China's similar desulfurization practice probably is some wet dust removal method of creating in the sixties Mo Reform Movement of a mass character, most representatively will count " wet-type rotational flow dust-cleaning equipment " of dying of sea three factories in.

Up to now, the home and abroad is that the wet scrubber of purpose has much with the desulfurization.American AVSlack published the book of " flue gas desulfurization " in 1971, had collected many data of the sixties and former countries in the world boiler of power plant desulfurization and dedusting.After 85 years, we repeatedly consult the Chinese patent of relevant wet dedusting desulfurization technology and wet scrubber, altogether kind surplus in the of 40.Beginning in 90 years, the test and the operating position of watching and following the tracks of CN88210969U, 89218996.7,91218970.3 3 patent wet scrubbers specially.Studied 89105028.0,90106120.4 recently again in great detail, three patent application documents of 93115510.X, the impression that draws is, existing wet scrubber and desulfurization dust-removing technique thereof exist such-and-such deficiency: desulfurization degree is low, anticorrosion problem does not have fine solution, the improper use of desulfurizing agent, mud conditioning is not considered every possible angle, and circulating water flow is through route science not, does not operate easy or the like.

From 93 years, for the practicality of the dust-removal and desulfurizing scheme of verifying us, done twice Small Scale Industry test, the application is proposing on the proof basis.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of high efficiency hydrofilter and a kind of electric energy, the water yield, nertralizer to consume less technology, it can also be widely applicable for various different situations, both be applicable to coal-burning boiler, be applicable to fuel oil or gas fired-boiler again, both be applicable to the fuel that sulfur-bearing is low, be applicable to the fuel that sulfur-bearing is high again, both be applicable to that dirt mud is abandoned, be applicable to the situation that dirt mud is utilized again.

Figure one is the structural representation of Cyclonic water-sealed tower (being wet type desulfurizing dust collector),

Figure two is the air inlet of large-size rotational flow water-sealed tower, a kind of allocation plan of inlet channel,

Figure three is the special wasteway figure of two kinds of small-sized Cyclonic water-sealed tower,

Figure four is blowdown settling tank structural representations,

Figure five is artworks of exemplary embodiments of the present invention,

Crux equipment of the present invention is " Cyclonic water-sealed tower ", i.e. a kind of wet type desulfurizing dust collector, and it is wanted Accomplish dust removal efficiency 〉=98%, desulfurization degree 〉=95%. Shown in accompanying drawing one, tower body is garden shape, dedusting, takes off The task of sulphur is that two operations realize: rotational flow dust-removing desulfurization and water-sealed filter dust-removal and desulfurizing. Revolve Stream dust-removal and desulfurizing operation: the dust-laden sulfur-containing smoke gas becomes to have a down dip, tangentially enter cyclone water by import (1) Eddy flow (2) is collided in envelope tower (D) bottom. Because rotation and the impact of flue gas drive liquid formation and revolve Stream, and crash and be spray. The flue gas that enters has＞100 ℃ high temperature, make the vaporization of a liquid part, Atomizing. Flue gas and liquid clash into repeatedly and mix, and the variation of heat and mass takes place. Big in the flue gas Grit in 1 micron (μ) all dissolves in the water, also dissolves in water less than the major part of 1 micron grit In, SOx and akaline liquid neutralize rapidly and generate sulphite and sulfate, and flue gas just obtains so only Change. Simultaneously, enter the power of the flow of flue gas in the tower, the subsidiary pump that plays a part, both and eddy flow Akaline liquid clean in the blowdown settling tank (F) that water-sealed tower (D) is connected is inhaled through passage (3) Enter in the tower, go there being certain density thin mud to extrude through wasteway (4) from the tower bottom center again, Enter blowdown settling tank (F). The principal element that affects eddy flow efficient has two: one, eddy flow (2) The inclination angle, the 2nd, gas approach speed. From eddy flow, flee from less than 1 micron minority grit and harmful Gas rises to aqua storage tank (6) bottom, and enters the aqua storage tank the inside from central passage (j), then from water The aperture (the little hole area that is evenly arranged on the sieve plate account for plate area 40%～60%) of envelope sieve plate (7) bores Go out, pass the water seal layer, obtain purifying for the second time. There are four to lack on the top of aqua storage tank central passage (j) Mouthful, play the overflow effect, and make the water seal layer have stable thickness, do not deposit in order to make on tower (D) inwall Mud is equipped with a cast scavenge pipe (5), and rinse water is running water, and Guan Shangyou is towards the water spray of inwall The hole. Water in the aqua storage tank is from cast water distributor (8), and these water are replenishing in the whole technological process Water, entering by magnetic valve (E) control of it links with air-introduced machine, and its water yield is then transferred by valve (i) Joint. Water distributor (8) has some apertures. The below of the outlet of eddy flow tower (10) is dewatering plate (9), altogether Two (two-layer) made by little band steel. Scavenge pipe (6), water seal sieve plate (7) are used stainless steel manufacturing, cloth Water pipe (8) and dewatering plate (9) are preferably also used the stainless steel manufacturing, as use ordinary steel, carry out anticorrosion place Reason. Eddy flow (2) is made with cast stone powder adding preservative agent, waterproofing agent, binding agent, and the inclination angle is from 30 ° To 0 °, fan out. Making material and the mounting means of aqua storage tank (6) and tower body (11): 1, Water at the scene with anti-corrosion concrete; 2, the tower body each several part is given in advance make concrete component, existing The field assembling; 3, do shell with steel plate, cylinder inboard wall carries out preservative treatment, whole Transporting and installation.

Being used for the Cyclonic water-sealed tower of combustion gas and coal-fired difference is: the distance between eddy flow and the liquid packing is short, and the thickness and the inclination angle of eddy flow are different.

Gas approach of large-size rotational flow water-sealed tower (1) and inlet channel (3) can be established two or more.If in the time of two, one of them inlet channel (3) links to each other with slag runner (K).If two when above, tower body (11) is set up into smoke ring (12) and water inlet circle (13) on every side, the former rest on the ground, and the latter places subsurface, and only with water inlet circle (13) directly link to each other with the inlet channel (3 ') that blowdown settling tank (F) links to each other with slag runner (K) this moment.Figure two is a kind of air inlet water inlet of large-size rotational flow water-sealed tower (D) allocation plans, and wherein gas approach (1) and inlet channel (3) respectively are 4, and wasteway (4) is still one.

The crux parts of Cyclonic water-sealed tower (D) are liquid packing naturally, the effect of its final decision desulfurization and dedusting, the liquid packing form that our first commerical test is checked is the water seal sieve plate (7) of a carry potential overflow pipe (6), shown in figure three A, the advantage of this liquid packing is simple, shortcoming has two, the one, do not accomplish wastewater zero discharge, the 2nd, Cyclonic water-sealed tower is big more, water seal board (7) is also big more, the big more then plate of plate face is not easy to keep smooth, the plate unevenness then on the plate face water seal layer thickness inhomogeneous, dedusting and desulfurization degree are bad to be controlled in the efficient scope.Calculate through theoretical, water seal sieve plate (7) thickening to a certain degree, being used on the following boiler of 20T/h is feasible technically, is rational economically.Boiler for 1～4T/h, especially for the not high area of samll cities and towns, environmental requirement, liquid packing can not wanted, shown in figure three B, at this moment have only the eddy flow operation, our second commerical test belongs to this form, test shows, its desulfurization degree can only reach 70%, and dust removal efficiency can only reach 90%.

Figure three is two kinds of special ways that are suitable for the wasteway (4) of miniature boiler (1-4 ton/time), because many old boiler rooms that is used to have a bath, supply boiling water are unlikely according to the appearance repacking of figure one.Here, the effect of wasteway (4) is still as typical scenario, and the one, control the water level of Cyclonic water-sealed tower (D) internal liquid reliably, the 2nd, continuously the fine particle in the mud is overflowed.Also expression among the figure, because arcola often adopts craft, dry type muck removal, therefore available boiler alkaline discharge water seldom, need add lime in blowdown settling tank (F).Have, represent among the figure, desulfurization wastewater is not recycling, and waste water is not zero-emission, so it is done like this, be by practice, calculate that economic account draws, because, if want recycling waste water, magnetic valve will change water pump into, consumed power, and the electricity charge are more fair or higher than water rate.

Figure four is blowdown settling tank (F).Pond body rectangle, it is fixed that volume comes according to the boiler tonnage.It is become by three lattices: I-mud lattice, accept and the interim mud of rushing out by tower (D) end that stores, nertralizer (boiler blowdown water, shrend muck removal water, a quarrel careless omission water, lime) adds in these lattice, II-water lattice, the water of storage through to a certain degree clarifying is so that import III-clear water lattice to tower (D) end, the water of storage through to a certain degree clarifying is in order to process immersible pump (H ₂) to the water of the usefulness of boiler pumping shrend muck removal, the shared volume ratio of each lattice: I-60%～50%, II-20%～30%, III-20%～25%.Pool wall (15) is by concrete masonry units, and partition wall (16) is made up of movable plank, and partition wall (17) is by brick one-tenth, and gate valve group (18) has several gate valves, up and down between the gate valve distance 20～30cm, nethermost gate valve is positioned at pond body horizontal center line.These gate valves on the pool wall, be to be provided with for those boilers adopt the situation of gap operation specially, their occupation mode is as follows: after about two hours out of service of the boiler, clarify on the top of Chi Shui, open uppermost gate valve, clear water is put into the III lattice from I, II lattice, the rest may be inferred by analogy, when the mud in the pond has become quite thick, then start slush pump (H ₁), slush pump in the automobile of interim stove quarrel stockyard or outward transport.When the long-term operation continuously of boiler, when not having stove quarrel field again, the gate valve group (18) on the pool wall is moved on the wagon box of quarrel car.Gate valve group (18) on the quarrel car wagon box, its function and mode of operation and above-mentioned identical, only, at this moment from the pond, draw mud operate in boiler operatiopn among carry out.Pump (H ₂) in order to be provided with to boiler muck removal point pumping clear water.As previously mentioned, Cyclonic water-sealed tower (D) fuses with blowdown settling tank (F) by inlet channel (3) and wasteway (4), and in fact, pond (F) is the extension of the volume of tower (D) bottom.The advantage of this version be exactly the removing work of dedusting mud to the continuous operation of boiler without any obstruction, and, the work of from pond (F), drawing mud, labour intensity is little, speed is fast.

Figure five is exemplary embodiments artworks of the present invention, and it is applicable to that large coal-fired boiler, boiler move, adopt the situation of shrend muck removal continuously.As shown in the figure, it comprises gas cleaning circuit, scavenging solution current through line and three aspects of mud conditioning.The dust-laden sulfur-containing smoke gas that is come out by boiler at first enters dry type cyclone dust collectors (B) and enters air-introduced machine (C) again, and this is in order to reduce the wearing and tearing of flue dust coarse granule to air-introduced machine.It is the front rather than the back of Cyclonic water-sealed tower (D) that air-introduced machine (C) places wet scrubber, and this is to erode for the purified gas that prevents the humidity that air-introduced machine is come out by Cyclonic water-sealed tower.Enter 120 ℃-180 ℃ of the flue-gas temperatures of Cyclonic water-sealed tower (D), about 60 ℃ of the purified gas temperature of outflow, the ratio that enters the volume of gas and eluting gas approximately is 1: 0.75.Consider the volume-diminished and desulfurization degree＞95% of discharging gas, so the comparable routine of height of chimney is short, directly through also diminishing.Consider that the purified gas that enters chimney has only 60 ℃, do not adopt demister again, so inner wall of stack (particularly in the chimney lower inner wall) need be taked anticorrosion.The gas cleaning circuit is represented with block diagram six: for 4 tons/time following boiler, dry type cyclone dust collectors (B) generally are not set, the height of iron sheet chimney, can shorten to 5m from 30m, but chimney is directly through overstriking 1/4～1/2, in order that reduce the purified gas flow velocity of throat, make purified gas not be with the water vapour discharging.Shown in figure three B, be used for the arcola of the not high samll cities and towns of environmental requirement, deduster has only rotational flow dust-removing desulfurization one procedure, and the dust-removal and desulfurizing rate is lower, and chimney height can keep former high 30m, or reduces slightly.As shown in the figure, boiler shrend muck removal water and dust-removal and desulfurizing supplementing water, all, add in the liquid packing on Cyclonic water-sealed tower (D) top, form the water seal layer in aqua storage tank (6) lining from the starting point of scavenging solution current through line, at the bottom of overflowing to tower from the breach of central passage (j), extruded by the power of air-introduced machine, enter blowdown settling tank (F) by wasteway (4), wherein one one enters at the bottom of the tower through inlet channel (3) again, realize partial circulating, another one is by pump (H ₂) pump advances the filling up area of the water quenching oven quarrel ditch (K) of boiler, behind the quarrel of the quenching depositing dust, the alkaline sewage in the quarrel ditch (K) overflow again enters blowdown settling tank (F), enters inside at the bottom of the tower again, realizes systemic circulation, reaches zero-emission.In the whole circulation process, damage by water consumption each link such as carries secretly in evaporation, vaporization, ash quarrel, and water consumption is 1.5 tons of water of ton coal approximately, and these damage by waters consumptions are necessary, reasonably.The nertralizer of cleaning system except alkalescence quarrel water, also has boiler periodical blowdown water and continuous blowdown water, and in general, three kinds of waste water are enough, do not need to add specially nertralizer.The exception that need add nertralizer specially is: 1, do not have slag or do not adopt the boiler of shrend muck removal, 2, dedusting mud works as industrial chemicals, needs to use the boiler of specific nertralizer.The scavenging solution flow circuits of typical scenario is expressed as follows with block diagram seven: " zero-emission " in the top block diagram also has exception, i.e. the said situation in figure two the insides.All supplementing water at first add aqua storage tank (6), its objective is the water that keeps in the tank for neutral, make calcium sulfate particularly calcium sulfite in tank (6), do not gather, these materials have easy fouling and cause the defect of obstruction.Molecule solids in the mud has a very special physical property: light, waft, floating, with grabbing bucket and scraper plate machine and so on machinery may not drag for up them from water.At present, the way of handling them in the practice has two, one, thin up, and overflow enters sewer (or river), digs out from blocked sewer again, the 2nd, in the pond, stop some days, natural air drying, from the pond, dig out again, this is not a good method.At this situation, treating method of the present invention is as follows: 1, boiler intermittent duty, (as heating boiler about six hours of fine blowing out at noon) is in the several hrs of blowing out, with submersible dredge pump (H ₁) drain out from pond (F) having done some concentrated mud, pump is in interim quarrel field or stove quarrel car, and the concrete operation method front has been narrated no longer and has been repeated; 2, boiler moves continuously, under the situation of not blowing out, with diving slurry pump (H ₁) mud is drawn in the bottom of (F) from the pond, pump draws and should be noted that 2 points in the process in quarrel field or stove quarrel car, and the one, drawing a little of frequent conversion pump, the 2nd, slush pump will sink at the bottom of the pond.Doing what usefulness as for mud, is as industrial chemicals, still regards the building materials raw material with the stove quarrel, still is abandoned as rubbish, and this is irrelevant with the present invention.Mud eliminating mode block representation such as figure eight.

Figure five: a---continuous blowdown system of boiler, b---boiler periodical blowdown, c---quarrel ditch overflow water, d---a quarrel careless omission water.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of flue-gas wet dust removal desulfurization and mud eliminating technology, process system comprises gas cleaning circuit, scavenging solution flow circuits and mud eliminating mode three parts, feature is as follows:---the gas cleaning circuit: fuel and air enter boiler (A), the flue gas to be clean (200～150 ℃ of cigarette temperature) of discharging through burning at first enters dry type cyclone dust collectors (B), after removing most of bulky grain flue dust, enter air-introduced machine (C), enter Cyclonic water-sealed tower (D) again; Through further dust-removal and desulfurizing, flue gas is purified in tower (D), and the cigarette temperature drop is to about 60 ℃, and the short chimney (G) of will lacking through the aspect ratio routine enters atmosphere then.Theoretical design dust removal efficiency 〉=98%, desulfurization degree 〉=95%.---the scavenging solution flow circuits: the control valve (i) that the running water that the water yield is bigger has constantly passed through the magnetic valve (E) of on-off action and played water yield regulating action enters aqua storage tank (6) (water in the aqua storage tank flue gas is play block and the bathing effect), and overflow water passes through overflow pipe falls into tower (D) along central passage (J) wall bottom; The water of tower (D) bottom under the effect of air-introduced machine power with blowdown settling tank (F) in water by the exchange that circulates of inlet channel (3) and water outlet (4), the sewage that contains body refuse is extruded, being with alkaline water purification to suck in; The source of the alkaline water in the pond (F) has four---a. continuous blowdown system of boiler water; B. boiler periodical blowdown water; C. the overflow water of shrend muck removal ditch (K); D. the careless omission water of quarrel (L); Shrend muck removal water is without running water, and by pump (H ₂) the water through clarifying to a certain degree in pond (F), pump is realized wastewater zero discharge to the shrend filling up area.---the mud eliminating mode: mud in the tower (D) is clamp-oned pond (F) by the power of air-introduced machine (C), the mud of blowdown settling tank (F) is delivered to quarrel (L) or quarrel car by slush pump (H1), rubbish is worked as in preparation or the building materials raw material is handled, if work as industrial chemicals, generally to use the Separation of Solid and Liquid unit, fast dewatering, outward transport fast.

2, according to the described technology of claim 1, supplementing water that adds to dusting and desulfuring system and the shrend that adds to stove quarrel ditch go out pulp water, all at first add the aqua storage tanks (6) of tower D; Scavenging solution is carried out zero-emission in principle, but arcola below 4 tons/hour and mud is when industrial chemicals is handled, and scavenging solution is not carried out zero-emission;

3, according to the described technology of claim 1, the alkaline waste water that nertralizer all adopts the boiler room to discharge, but when boiler does not have slag maybe can not adopt the shrend muck removal, or mud then will use other nertralizer specially when industrial chemicals need use specific nertralizer;

4, according to the described technology of claim 1, when being used for the boiler of running continuously, mud carries out boiler operatiopn with the operation that mud immersible pump (H1) draws from blowdown settling tank (F); When the boiler that is used for the gap running, the furnace outage time that operates in that draws mud carries out;

5, according to the described Cyclonic water-sealed tower of claim 1 (D), it is characterized in that, tower body is a garden shape, comprise " eddy flow " and " water seal " two dedustings, desulfurization process, the eddy flow operation is finished by have a down dip tangential direction and eddy flow (2) of gas approach (1), and the water seal operation is realized by aqua storage tank (6) and water seal sieve plate (7).Other annex has: scavenge pipe (5), and water distributor (8), dewatering plate (9), pure qi (oxygen) outlet (10) has four overflow breach on the top of aqua storage tank central passage (j), and tower (D) bottom communicates with blowdown settling tank (F) by inlet channel (3) and wasteway (4).The making material and the mounting means of tower body (11): 1. with the on-the-spot pouring of anti-corrosion concrete, 2. the tower body each several part is given and make concrete component, 3. on-the-spot assembling does shell with steel plate, and inner wall anti-corrosive is handled, integral installation.

6, the envelope tower (D) that revolves according to claim 5, the time that adds water to water seal aqua storage tank (6), (magnetic valve and air-introduced machine are chain) water yield was regulated by control valve (i) by magnetic valve (E) control;

7, the envelope tower (D) that revolves according to claim 5, when gas approach (1), when inlet channel (3) is respectively established two, an inlet channel (3) still links to each other with blowdown settling tank (F), and another inlet channel (3) links to each other with quarrel ditch (K);

8, the envelope tower (D) that revolves according to claim 5, when gas approach (1) and inlet channel (3) are respectively established 4 or 4 when above, tower body (11) is set up into smoke ring (12) on every side and is intake and encloses (13), and the former rest on the ground, and the latter places subsurface.Only directly link to each other with the inlet channel (3 ') that blowdown settling tank (F) links to each other with quarrel ditch (14) with water inlet circle (13);

9, the envelope tower (D) that revolves according to claim 5, when being used for boiler below 4 tons/hour, wasteway (4) is taked special way, and concrete condition is seen accompanying drawing three; The arcola that is used for the not high samll cities and towns of environmental requirement can be cancelled the water seal operation, and efficiency of dust collection drops to 90%, and desulfuration efficiency drops to 70%;

10, blowdown settling tank according to claim 1 (F) is characterized in that, pond body rectangle.Form by mud lattice (I), water lattice (II), clear water lattice (III).The mid-slush pump in pond (H1), clarified water pump (H2).Boiler is continuous, periodical blowdown water, a quarrel careless omission water, and shrend muck removal water all flows in the pond; When being used for the boiler of intermittent duty, establish gate valve group (18) on the pool wall; When the boiler that is used for moving did not continuously have the quarrel field again, gate valve group (18) dislocation was on the wagon box of stove quarrel car.

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