CN1160576C - Forced self recording electric energy meter - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a forced self recording electric energy meter which comprises an electric energy measuring component, a mechanical kilowatt-hour counter, a clock calendar circuit, a medium card reading/writing device, a microprocessor for processing the information provided by the electric energy measuring component, the mechanical kilowatt-hour counter, the clock calendar circuit and the medium card reading/writing device, a display device for displaying the information from the microprocessor, and a circuit breaker for executing the microprocessor decision. A forced self reading program which is for reminding users to read the meter in designated dates and pay fee on time, or else electricity supply stops, is installed in the microprocessor. When the meter is used, the manual meter reading trouble in electricity supply departments can be relieved, and besides, the electricity utilization situation of an electrical network can be effectively monitored.

Description

Forced self recording electric energy meter

The present invention relates to a kind of the intelligent electric energy meter, particularly a kind of forced self recording electric energy meter.

The present manual metering mode of generally using, there is inefficiency, defectives such as poor in timeliness, the centralized automatic meter-reading mode, solve the ageing and saving manpower of checking meter preferably, also can gather some field datas in real time, but exist one-time investment bigger, and operation, the maintenance cost of network are higher, and communication is subject to defectives such as environmental interference influence.Prepayment meter is when improving meter reading method, the characteristics of itself have determined to exist in actual use some inherent shortcomings, mainly are its charge method and current schema are runed counter to, power supply department can't truly be added up the actual use of user electric energy, can't definitely understand storage that the user purchases electric degree in advance, are difficult to timely and effective processing when electricity price changes, lack the effective monitoring means to bad user's electricity filching behavior.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of forced self recording electric energy meter, it can exempt the hard work that power supply department is used for manual metering, and makes power supply department can grasp each user definitely in a certain actual electricity consumption data constantly.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of the intelligent electric energy meter, particularly a kind of forced self recording electric energy meter, it includes electric energy measurement parts, mechanical register, it also includes clock/calendar circuit, media card read write line and corresponding media read-write card and to being provided with the bidirectional data transfers passage between microprocessor, microprocessor and the media card read write line handled from the data of clock/calendar circuit, electric energy measurement parts, media card read write line, also is provided with isolating switch and the display controlled by microprocessor; In microprocessor, be provided with forced action type from copying program, this program is checked meter day zero point in accordance with regulations and administered rate carries out integrating and determines that used electric flux number maybe should pay the electricity charge amount of money going up certainly to check meter a zero point day to day totally electricity consumption of checking meter at this zero point, and in display, shown and checked meter in the media read-write card of reminding the user in the media card read write line, to insert special use on the display, and check that the not record of the last cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter is arranged in this card, if inserted this dedicated medium read-write card and the last time cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid record of checking meter arranged, then display no longer shows the mark that former prompting is checked meter, continuing to supply power to next zero point checks meter day, if the user in the media card read write line, insert the media read-write card of above-mentioned special use or in this card, do not have on once check meter the record of cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid and this state continuance so that surpassed checking meter the time limit of stipulating, then microprocessor control isolating switch is stopped power supply, and continue to differentiate the user and whether in the media card read write line, insert the record that has the cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter in the media read-write card of above-mentioned special use and this card, this just differentiates the user and whether insert the effective user card of checking meter in the media card read write line, then control isolating switch and restore electricity and check meter day if inserted the effective user card of checking meter, then do not continue to control isolating switch and stop power supply if insert the effective user card of checking meter yet to next zero point.Can also in the microprocessor of each forced self recording electric energy meter, be provided with and be this forced self recording electric energy meter proprietary suite number and password also to be provided with numbering or the password identical with password with this group # with each media read-write card that this forced self recording electric energy meter matches.Described forced self recording electric energy meter, forced action type set in its microprocessor also can have additional the warning subroutine of exceeding the time limit from copying in the program, do not insert the effective user card of checking meter through differentiating the user, and above checking meter the time limit of starting at the day of checking meter from this zero point, microprocessor sends to exceed the time limit to warn but continue by display and powers so, still continue simultaneously to differentiate the user and whether insert the effective user card of checking meter, if the user inserted effective user check meter card that do not check meter day at continued power to next zero point, if the user does not insert effective user and checks meter card and this state continuance so that surpassed the warning time limit of regulation, microprocessor is just indicated the isolating switch outage, and continue to differentiate and whether to insert the effective user card of checking meter, restore electricity again until the effective user of the insertion card of checking meter.Described forced self recording electric energy meter, forced action type at its microprocessor also can have additional interim power supply subroutine from copying in the program, it is after the isolating switch outage, in the media card read write line, do not insert effective user and check meter after the card through differentiating, differentiate the record that whether obtains from inserting card in the media card read write line again, if inserted the record of card, then continue the outage of control isolating switch, if the record that has been inserted card is then controlled isolating switch and is restored electricity to certain time limit or restore electricity to certain power consumption temporarily temporarily, control the isolating switch outage again, and no longer differentiate the media card read write line whether the record that inserts card is arranged again, but still continue to differentiate in the media card read write line, whether to insert the effective user card of checking meter, then control isolating switch and restore electricity if inserted the effective user card of checking meter, cut off the power supply otherwise continue the control isolating switch.

The difference that forced self recording electric energy meter of the present invention is structurally compared with general prepayment meter and multi-rate electric energy meter is that its delivery of prepayment meter depends on recorded data on the media read-write card that is equivalent to currency, thereby can have the clock/calendar circuit, multi-rate electric energy meter is charged by different rates to the electricity consumption of different periods, thereby must have the clock/calendar circuit but be not necessarily to need media card read write line and media read-write card and isolating switch, must have the clock/calendar circuit in its structure of forced self recording electric energy meter of the present invention, isolating switch and media card read write line and with the media read-write card as electric energy meter and the extraneous instrument that transmits every information, and this is on the document about electric energy meter report not to be arranged as yet up to now from copying program to be provided with forced action type in microprocessor; The present invention is owing to check meter with user self-help and to replace power supply department to check meter greatly reducing the workload of power supply department, and writes or sense data has been avoided the error of artificial write by hand with the media read-write card; It is reminded the user to check meter with the program that sets in electric energy meter onboard clock calendar and the microprocessor and pays in the prescribed timelimit if fail to pay the Fei Zeyu outage on time, so just forces the self-service on schedule paying of checking meter of user; Determined the checking meter of microprocessor day can be checking meter day or even being accurate to the moment of expressing with minute, second of the unified regulation of power supply department in the electric energy meter, and each electric energy meter have its specific password and special-purpose media read-write card, facilitate power supply department like this electricity consumption situation is done effective monitoring, the true loss of understanding transmission line of electricity, and the situation of various illegal electricity consumptions; Its read-write media is equivalent to currency and what write down in the media read-write card in the forced self recording electric energy meter of the present invention is data in pre-paying kilowatt-hour meter, thereby safer relatively; Forced self recording electric energy meter of the present invention is particularly useful for the user power utilization in the area that has inconvenient traffic is managed.

The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is arranged on forced action type in the microprocessor among Fig. 1 from copying the flow chart of program.

Fig. 3 is that the represented forced action type of Fig. 2 is from the flow chart of copying after setting up the warning subroutine of exceeding the time limit in the program.

Circle 4 be the interim power supply subroutine that can set up again in the represented flow chart of Fig. 3 flow chart situation is set.

Fig. 5 is the electronic-circuit diagram of a kind of embodiment of the represented circuit block diagram of Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 1, electric energy measurement parts 1 have been the present invention includes, machinery register 2, electrical energy pulse sample circuit 3, microprocessor 4, clock/calendar circuit 5, isolating switch 6, media card read write line 7, display 8, A, B is the inlet wire of electric energy meter, A ', B ' is the outlet of electric energy meter, wherein electric energy measurement parts 1 and mechanical register 2 are common induction type or indispensable two critical pieces of static electric energy meter, if its output directly was electrical energy pulse when electric energy measurement parts 1 were state type when formation is of the present invention, thereby at this moment can omit electrical energy pulse sample circuit 3, definite electric energy value of its expression of each electrical energy pulse is the intrinsic constant that is determined by electric energy meter, microprocessor 4 is adjusted power consumption according to the counting to electrical energy pulse, and according to checking meter the date at zero point of clock/calendar circuit 5 and setting, the meter reading data at zero point of the day of checking meter is specified in storage monthly, write down zero point in the table and just sent the prompting that requires the user to check meter behind the meter reading data, the user must be in the time limit of checking meter of regulation, reads meter reading data at zero point in this ammeter such as holding the settled effective user of the last electricity charge card of checking meter in ten days that check meter from zero point day.Clock/calendar circuit 5 is that the realization automatic zero point checks meter, forces to realize that the user is by self-service time reference of checking meter of cycle, it provide definite year, month, day, hour, the real-time information of minute, second is to microprocessor 4, these information and send to the user as the operation of microprocessor 4 internal programs and by display 8 together from the information of media card read write line 7 and to check meter, should pay the electricity charge number of degrees, various caution signal are sent the foundation of switching instruction to isolating switch 6.

The media read-write card that forced self recording electric energy meter of the present invention adopted can be IC-card, electricity card or magnetic card, and each disposes corresponding media card read write line.

After the user checked meter, the accounting period by agreement of holding was limited to clearing point paying nearby, so that check meter smoothly next time.If in official hour, ammeter will not cut off user's power supply automatically after the user checks meter and then arrives the time limit of checking meter of stipulating.After the user is cut off power supply, but power as long as insert the paid-up user of the electricity charge last time card instant recovery of checking meter at any time; The function that also can further expand electric energy meter by the clock/calendar circuit expands a plurality of charging rates as cooperating time-of-use tariffs, when the time parameter such as segment table of many rates amount need be revised, can transmit to electric energy meter by means of user's card of checking meter; Can also carry out the load overcurrent and place restrictions on, limit power when user load surpasses, and after continuing a short time, can give and cutting off the electricity supply, also can carry out the load curve record and promptly write down the actual electric flux that uses hourly in 24 hours appointed days.

Referring to Fig. 2, forced self recording electric energy meter of the present invention can have the media read-write card of multiple different purposes, as check card is set, initialization is provided with card, user's (being provided with/check meter) card, the user removes card, the on-the-spot card of removing, site inspection card (special survey card), parameter reading card, historical record reading card, when media card read write line 7 reads in the card of a certain purposes, having corresponding program in the microprocessor 4 handles the information of reading in, wherein regular use is user's card of checking meter, in microprocessor 4 in the set multiple program, topmost just with user's relevant program of card of checking meter, just forced action type is from copying program, listed the flow chart of this program among Fig. 2, check meter day promptly to be accurate to branch so-called zero point, that day of the moment integrating electricity consumption situation of second, this program is checked meter day zero point in accordance with regulations and administered rate carries out integrating and determines that used electric flux maybe should pay the electricity charge amount of money going up certainly to check meter a zero point day to day totally electricity consumption of checking meter at this zero point, and in display 8, shown and checked meter in the media read-write card of reminding the user in media card read write line 7, to insert special use on the display 8, and check that the not record of the last cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter is arranged in this card, write down then that display 8 no longer shows the mark that former prompting is checked meter if inserted special-purpose media read-write card and the existing last time cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter, continuing to supply power to next zero point checks meter day, if the user in media card read write line 7, insert the media read-write card of above-mentioned special use or in this card, do not have on once check meter the record of cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid and this state continuance to one prescribed timelimit then microprocessor 4 control isolating switchs 6 and stop power supply, and continue to differentiate the user and whether in media card read write line 7, insert the record that has the cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter in the media read-write card of above-mentioned special use and this card, if charges paid is then controlled isolating switch 6 and restored electricity,, the then continuation of paying yet stops power supply if controlling isolating switch 6.The media read-write card of special use described here is just at the card of checking meter of the user described in the flow chart, so-called effectively user check meter card just the numbering of numbering and password and the electric energy meter of this card and password consistent by this electric energy meter special use, and have the record of the last cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter in this card; Initialization before program begins comprises the ammeter table number, area code, the groundwork parameter such as the pulse constant of password and ammeter operation, the function selecting combination, the clock initial value, the electric energy metrical initial value, check meter month first at zero point, basic parameter is that the most basic running parameter does not allow to be revised once more in normal course of operation, also have functional parameter to comprise checks meter the date at zero point, check meter the time limit, the interim power supply time limit, overload limits power, overload continuous impulse number, day is represented in electricity consumption in order to the record load curve, many rates functional parameter (rate number, the time hop count, the time segment table), these basic parameters and functional parameter sticked into row setting by table meter administrative authority by the initialization setting before ammeter is installed, when checking meter later at every turn, ammeter carries out verification by the basic parameter that the user checks meter in the card his-and-hers watches, can be made amendment to the method that ammeter transmits parameter by means of user's card of checking meter by the demand charge settlement terminal if functional parameter is necessary to revise.Ammeter not only write electricity consumption number in this cycle of checking meter to user's card of checking meter when the user checked meter, deal with the electricity charge amount of money, also can in checking meter card, the user write the data that show the ammeter operation conditions, the actual date and time of checking meter as the user, the parameter verification sign, relay normally indicates, the under-voltage sign of battery, overload outage number of times, IC-card maloperation number of times, the load curve of representing day in electricity consumption (writing down per hour actual power consumption in 24 hours), these information pass to management of power use department the user when the charge calculation terminal is paid the bill, the charge calculation terminal when receiving that the user checks meter card earlier the checking electricity consumption data that this card write down effective and collect the electricity charge after, write the settled information of these electricity charge and comprise Settlement Date, the payment receipt numbering to user's card of checking meter.

Referring to Fig. 3, can set up the warning subroutine of exceeding the time limit at forced action type from copying in the program, surpassing the checking meter during the time limit of regulation, microprocessor does not make isolating switch outage immediately, but continues power supply but send the warning that exceeds the time limit, and the mode of warning can be hummer sounding, intermittent power failure, also can notify fine or hand over overdue fine, and set the warning time limit, and having only to have surpassed the warning time limit and do not insert the effective user card of checking meter, microprocessor just indicates isolating switch to cut off the power supply.Fig. 3 and Fig. 2 are compared the riding position of the relevant as can be seen process block of warning subroutine of exceeding the time limit.

Referring to Fig. 4, on the basis of the flow chart of Fig. 3, also can set up interim power supply subroutine, P among Fig. 3 ₁, P ₂, P ₃The right side of each point is removed and is connected with respective point among this figure, thereby form complete having and exceed the time limit the forced action type of warning subroutine and interim power supply subroutine from copying program, it is not to inserting the check meter user of card of effective user yet and once look after during in the urgent need electricity consumption surpassing the warning time limit because of various reasons, this program makes after isolating switch cuts off user's power supply according to microprocessor instruction, non-effective card that can insert this user or other users restores electricity temporarily, interim power supply can be kept some days, and certain limiting the quantity of arranged for institute's electricity consumption, and only for once, that is to say still outage again of interim power supply expiration, at this moment inserting non-effective card again can not restore electricity, and has only to insert the effective user card of checking meter and just can restore electricity.

Referring to Fig. 5, this is the electronic-circuit diagram as a specific embodiment of circuit block diagram shown in Figure 1, with dashed lines is divided into the circuit block that several regions corresponds respectively to same numbering among Fig. 1 to electronic circuit among Fig. 5, because electric energy measurement parts 1, machinery register 2 is that general electric energy meter all has, thereby in Fig. 5, omit and do not draw, the mu balanced circuit of electronic circuit operation also omits and does not draw in the supply electric energy meter, microprocessor 4 is that a model is 8751 to belong to 8051 Series chip, it has the 4K internal memory, contained program can write with programmable device, during production in enormous quantities, present very ripe mask lithography technology manufactures the integrated circuit ROM of curing in the employing electronics industry, do not change because of dead electricity, the remainder of internal memory is that RAM is used for storing all kinds of transformable data, need power supply just can keep unlikely losing, clock/calendar circuit 5 be one by the battery powered micropower circuit of specialized lithium, its model is PCF8583, it also has the RAM of 240 bytes, stored among the RAM of microprocessor 8751 may all have backup because of the data that dead electricity is lost in the RAM of PCF8583, because PCF8583 has special-purpose lithium battery can obliterated data, the situation of outage if meet accident is even stored data are lost also and can be able to rapid recovery by PCF8583 among the RAM of microprocessor 8751; The INT pin of PCF8583 links to each other with 8751 P32 pin, make microprocessor 4 accept the second signal that PCF8583 sends, the SCL pin links to each other with 8751 P36 pin, receive the Data Receiving beat clock signal that microprocessor 4 is exported, the SDA pin links to each other as the data channel between clock/calendar circuit 5 and the microprocessor 4 with 8751 P37 pin; Impulse sampling circuit 3 mainly is that two photoelectric tubes 11 and 12 are as sensor, the machine carousel of their self-inducting electric energy measurement in future parts 1 changes electric pulse into, need two photoelectric sensors be because be convenient to allow sensor difference dial rotation direction and eliminate shake, enter by 8751 P34, P35 pin respectively from the information of this two photoelectric tube 11 and 12; Isolating switch 6 is made up of the power-type relay 13 of a driving circuit and a magnetic maintenance, directly control user loop, wherein transistor T 11, T12, T13, T14 constitutes a bridge circuit, P16 from 8751, the signal of P17 pin makes transistor T 10 respectively, T15 be in on-off state and and then oxide-semiconductor control transistors T11, T12, T13, the on-off of T14, work as P16, when P17 is all high level or is all low level, power-type relay 13 no currents that magnetic keeps pass through, this relay is failure to actuate, T11 when P16 is low level for high level P17, the T13 conducting, T14, not conducting of T12, the power-type relay 13 that magnetic keeps gets electronic work, T14 when P16 is high level for low level P17, the T12 conducting, T11, not conducting of T13, the power-type relay 13 that magnetic keeps also electronic work, these two kinds must switch on or off user's power lead by the electronic isolating switch 6 that makes respectively; 8751 P00～P07 pin is the pen section decoding of the video data of wanting, P10～P15 is in order to determine the position of the video data of wanting, in each moment, having only a pin among P10～P15 is that other pin of high level are low level, correspondingly transistor T 1 to T6 also has only one to be in conducting state, a certain position among pairing three dibits, the eight piece of digital display TOD-3261 of this conduction pipe just shows by P00～P07 pen section decoding, because P10～P15 is a high level with flank speed in turn, six displays just can be observed simultaneously; RXD/P30 pin and P27 pin output level make two LED light pipes play suggesting effect, represent the electrical energy pulse indication and the indication of checking meter respectively; P20 links to each other with the RST pin of deck 14 for card resets, P21 be microprocessor 4 clock output it link to each other with CLK pin in the deck 14, P22 links to each other with the SW pin of deck 14 has not card in order to detection, P23 control card power supply, having card not have card for low level is high level, it is the data double-way transmission line of 14 of microprocessor 4 and decks that P24 links to each other with the I/O pin of deck 14, and it presses the timeticks output data of microprocessor 4; The RESET pin is the reset signal input pin of microprocessor 4.Here related components and parts microprocessor 8051 series monolithics and its performance of PCF8583 can be referring to " Philip 80C31 series monolithic principle and application technology handbook " publishing house of BJ University of Aeronautics ﹠ Astronautics versions in 1992 with relevant principle of work, the power-type relay that isolating switch 6 adopts the BST-902 of Beister Relay Inst., Shanghai type magnetic to keep, its principle can be referring to patent documentation 95243817.8.

Forced self recording electric energy meter of the present invention, in its concrete electronic circuit of implementing, each integrated circuit block and transistor can adopt its substitute, for example adopt the microprocessor of certain model to make clock/calendar circuit and microprocessor one, and that still should belong to scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the intelligent electric energy meter, particularly a kind of forced self recording electric energy meter, it includes electric energy measurement parts (1), machinery register (2), it is characterized in that: it also includes clock/calendar circuit (5), media card read write line (7) and corresponding media read-write card, and to from clock/calendar circuit (5), electric energy measurement parts (1), the microprocessor (4) that the data of media card read write line (7) are handled, be provided with the bidirectional data transfers passage between microprocessor (4) and the media card read write line (7), also be provided with by the isolating switch (6) and the display (8) of microprocessor (4) control; In microprocessor (4), be provided with forced action type from copying program, this program is checked meter day zero point in accordance with regulations and administered rate carries out integrating and determines that used electric flux number maybe should pay the electricity charge amount of money going up certainly to check meter a zero point day to day totally electricity consumption of checking meter at this zero point, and shown that in display (8) reaching the media read-write card of upward reminding the user to insert special use in media card read write line (7) at display (8) checks meter, and check that the not record of the last cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter is arranged in this card, if inserted this dedicated medium read-write card and the last time cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid record of checking meter arranged, then display (8) no longer shows the mark that former prompting is checked meter, continuing to supply power to next zero point checks meter day, if the user in media card read write line (7), insert the media read-write card of above-mentioned special use or in this card, do not have on once check meter the record of cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid and this state continuance down to having surpassed checking meter the time limit of stipulating, then microprocessor (4) control isolating switch (6) is stopped power supply, and continue to differentiate the user and whether in media card read write line (7), insert the record that has the last cycle institute's electricity consumption charges paid of checking meter in the media read-write card of above-mentioned special use and this card, this just differentiates the user and whether insert the effective user card of checking meter in media card read write line (7), then control isolating switch (6) and restore electricity and check meter day if inserted the effective user card of checking meter, then do not continue to control isolating switch (6) and stop power supply if insert the effective user card of checking meter yet to next zero point.

2. forced self recording electric energy meter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each forced self recording electric energy meter, in its microprocessor (4), all be provided with and be this forced self recording electric energy meter proprietary suite number and password also to be provided with numbering or the password identical with password with this group # with each media read-write card that this forced self recording electric energy meter matches.

3. forced self recording electric energy meter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: forced action type set in its microprocessor (4) has additional the warning subroutine of exceeding the time limit from copying in the program, do not insert the effective user card of checking meter through differentiating the user, and above checking meter the time limit of starting at the day of checking meter from this zero point, microprocessor (4) sends to exceed the time limit to warn but continue by display (8) and powers so, still continue simultaneously to differentiate the user and whether insert the effective user card of checking meter, if the user inserted effective user check meter card that do not check meter day at continued power to next zero point, if the user does not insert effective user and checks meter card and this state continuance so that surpassed the warning time limit of regulation, microprocessor (4) is just indicated isolating switch (6) outage, and continue to differentiate and whether to insert the effective user card of checking meter, restore electricity again until the effective user of the insertion card of checking meter.

4. forced self recording electric energy meter according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the forced action type at microprocessor (4) also is provided with interim power supply subroutine from copying in the program, it is after isolating switch (6) outage, in media card read write line (7), do not insert effective user and check meter after the card through differentiating, differentiate the record that whether obtains from inserting card in the media card read write line (7) again, if inserted the record of card, then continue control isolating switch (6) outage, if the record that has been inserted card is then controlled isolating switch (6) and is restored electricity to certain time limit or restore electricity to certain power consumption temporarily temporarily, control isolating switch (6) outage again, and no longer differentiate media card read write line (7) whether the record that inserts card is arranged again, but still continue to differentiate in media card read write line (7), whether to insert the effective user card of checking meter, then control isolating switch (6) and restore electricity as if having inserted the effective user card of checking meter, otherwise continue control isolating switch (6) outage.

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