CN116056118A - Wireless communication transmission method and system based on active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface - Google Patents
Wireless communication transmission method and system based on active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0222—Estimation of channel variability, e.g. coherence bandwidth, coherence time, fading frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a wireless communication transmission method and a system based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface, which belong to the technical field of wireless communication, and the method comprises the following steps: each terminal transmits uplink pilot frequency information to the base station and each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface; each active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface selecting active antenna unit receives uplink pilot frequency information; the base station adopts a channel estimation algorithm to obtain all uplink channel information; setting all active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces; the terminal sends an uplink signal; the base station performs joint processing on all received uplink signals based on the uplink channel information of the base station and the uplink channel information of the active antenna unit; the base station performs joint coding on downlink pilot frequency information or downlink data according to a target criterion and uplink channel information of the base station, and performs joint transmission through an antenna array of the base station and active antenna units of all active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces; the transmission performance is improved based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a wireless communication transmission method and system based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
Background
Currently, with the rapid technological transformation and the trend of society toward the internet of everything, the mobile communication system has evolved to the fifth generation (5G) targeting mobile internet and internet of things services as subjects. With the continuous development of mobile communication, the mobile communication technology benefits the aspects of human life. In order to cope with the service demands of various scenes, the large-scale input/output (Multiple In Multiple Out, MIMO) technology simultaneously serves a plurality of user terminals by deploying a large-scale antenna array at a base station, fully utilizes the high spatial resolution and the abundant spatial degrees of freedom brought by the large-scale antenna array, and effectively improves the spectrum efficiency of the system, so that the technology is widely studied and commercially applied as one of the key technologies of 5G.
Successful large-scale business of 5G has prompted the industry and academia to study and think about the next generation mobile communications (6G). In particular, in order to achieve the goal of interconnecting 6G from everything to everything alliance, in addition to mining novel wireless air interface technology, existing air interface technology such as massive MIMO technology needs to be further enhanced and upgraded to meet and support the service requirements of future 6G networks. On the other hand, the intelligent super-surface is beneficial to the excellent low-power consumption and easy-deployment characteristics, can be widely deployed in daily environments, effectively solves the problems of signal coverage blind areas and the like, and is also widely focused in industry and academia in recent years. Smart supersurfaces are also referred to as Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS), large Intelligent Surface (LIS), etc., all of which are referred to herein as RIS.
The RIS architecture adopted at present is mostly a full passive architecture, namely a large number of programmable passive reflection antenna units are constructed by adopting sub-wavelength two-dimensional metamaterials, PIN tubes and the like, and incident electromagnetic waves are regulated and reflected based on digital codes, so that the capacity of remolding signal propagation environments is provided for a communication system, and the additional degree of freedom of channel design is added for the design of the communication system. Through the optimal design of the reflection coefficient of the RIS, numerous theories and experiments aiming at the RIS prove that the RIS has great value in solving the communication problems such as blind area coverage, channel environment deterioration and the like, and can effectively improve the energy efficiency and the frequency spectrum efficiency of the existing communication system.
However, the existing fully passive RIS architecture still has a number of bottlenecks. For example, numerous theoretical studies and experimental results demonstrate that: to obtain sufficient beamforming gain to help existing communication systems achieve better signal area coverage and transmission rate improvement, a large number of antenna elements are typically required to be deployed on the fully passive RIS side. However, effective beamforming requires accurate acquisition of channel state information on the RIS side, and deployment of a large number of antenna elements poses serious challenges for channel state information acquisition in RIS-assisted communication systems.
In fact, the pilot overhead required by the conventional pilot signal-based RIS cascade channel state information estimation algorithm generally increases linearly with the increase of the number of antenna units at the RIS side, and under the condition that a large number of antenna units are configured at the RIS side, the acquisition of the channel state information at the RIS side greatly increases the computational complexity and the signal processing delay of the system, thereby limiting the application potential of the RIS. In addition, although the performance of the existing communication system can be improved by optimizing the reflection coefficient of the RIS to realize waveform shaping, a few theoretical researches prove that: the RIS requires at least a few hundred or more antenna elements to provide equivalent performance gains to a forward decoding relay communication system, as compared to the forward decoding relay communication system, given the total transmit power.
For this reason, a number of different RIS architectures have been proposed in tandem to further enhance RIS-assisted system performance. For example, the semi-passive RIS architecture replaces a small number of passive reflection antenna units with antenna units having signal receiving capability, and adds a simple signal processing module, so as to implement pilot signal receiving and channel estimation at the RIS side in the pilot training stage, and obtain accurate channel state information at the RIS side. Compared with the full passive RIS architecture, the passive RIS architecture can effectively reduce pilot training overhead and effectively improve the beamforming capability of RIS. The relay-reflection hybrid RIS architecture further improves system performance by replacing a small number of passive reflection antenna units on the fully passive RIS architecture with relay module units with signal amplification capability.
Unfortunately, the RIS architecture described above may still provide limited performance gains for the communication system. The reason is that the transmitting signal is reflected (or amplified) by the RIS and then reaches the receiving end, and the cascade channel constructed by each RIS antenna unit is passed through, so that the channel gain is the product of two cascade channel gains, and the equivalent channel gain is smaller, so that the higher data transmission requirement can not be met only by adjusting the parameters such as the phase, the number, the signal amplification power and the like of the passive reflection antenna units and the relay module units on the RIS. In addition, although the reflection coefficient of the RIS is dynamically adjustable at present, the RIS architecture still lacks environmental adaptability, and in order to cope with future diverse communication requirements, the RIS architecture should also have reconfigurability, and the architecture can be adjusted according to different environments or channel states to realize the maximum gain.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides a wireless communication transmission method and system based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a wireless communication transmission method based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface, which is applied to a wireless communication transmission system based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface, where the system includes a base station, K terminals, and M active-passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, and each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface is formed by a passive reflection antenna unit, a control module, and a passive-to-active unit circuit capable of being customized and enabled; the passive-to-active-unit circuit can convert a passive reflection antenna unit at the position into an active antenna unit after programming and enabling; the number and the positions of the active antenna units are respectively determined by the number and the positions of the enabled passive-to-active unit circuits; the base station is respectively connected with a control module and an active antenna unit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through optical fibers or radio frequency cables, and the method comprises the following steps:
Uplink pilot training phase: each terminal respectively transmits uplink pilot frequency information to the base station and each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface; each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface enables a part of passive reflection antenna units to be selected as active antenna units by a part of passive-to-active unit circuit according to a selection criterion so as to receive uplink pilot frequency information, and transmits the received uplink pilot frequency information to the base station through a cable; the base station receives uplink pilot frequency information sent by the terminal and received by an active antenna unit transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through a cable by utilizing an antenna of the base station, and obtains all uplink channel information by adopting a channel estimation algorithm; the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface sets the enabling of the passive-to-active unit circuit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the passive reflection antenna unit according to the uplink channel information and the target criterion;
uplink data transmission stage: the terminal respectively transmits uplink signals to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; the base station receives corresponding uplink signals through an antenna of the base station; the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces transmit the received uplink signals to the base station; the base station performs joint processing on all received uplink signals according to uplink channel information of the base station and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, which are obtained in an uplink pilot training stage;
And a downlink transmission stage: and the base station performs joint coding on downlink pilot frequency information or downlink data to be transmitted according to the target criterion, uplink channel information of the base station obtained in an uplink pilot frequency training stage and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, and performs joint transmission through an antenna array of the base station and the active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a wireless communication transmission system based on active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface, where the system includes a base station, K terminals, and M active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces: each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface consists of a passive reflection antenna unit, a control module and a passive-to-active unit circuit capable of being enabled in a self-defined mode; the passive-to-active-unit circuit can convert a passive reflection antenna unit at the position into an active antenna unit after programming and enabling; the number and the positions of the active antenna units are respectively determined by the number and the positions of the enabled passive-to-active unit circuits; the base station is respectively connected with the control module and the active antenna unit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through optical fibers or radio frequency cables;
Uplink pilot training phase: the terminal respectively transmits uplink pilot frequency information to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface enables a part of passive reflection antenna units to be selected as active antenna units by a part of passive-to-active unit circuit according to a selection criterion so as to receive uplink pilot frequency information, and transmits the received uplink pilot frequency information to the base station through a cable; the base station receives uplink pilot frequency information sent by the terminal and received by an active antenna unit transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through a cable by utilizing an antenna of the base station, and obtains all uplink channel information by adopting a channel estimation algorithm; the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface sets the enabling of the passive-to-active unit circuit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the passive reflection antenna unit according to the uplink channel information and the target criterion;
uplink data transmission stage: the terminal respectively transmits uplink signals to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; the base station receives corresponding uplink signals through an antenna of the base station; the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces transmit the received uplink signals to the base station; the base station performs joint processing on all received uplink signals according to uplink channel information of the base station and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, which are obtained in an uplink pilot training stage;
And a downlink transmission stage: and the base station performs joint coding on downlink pilot frequency information or downlink data to be transmitted according to the target criterion, uplink channel information of the base station obtained in an uplink pilot frequency training stage and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, and performs joint transmission through an antenna array of the base station and the active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
According to the wireless communication transmission method and system based on the active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surface, the passive-to-active unit circuit of the active hybrid intelligent super-surface can be dynamically enabled according to different environments and transmission requirements, the framework of the intelligent super-surface and the reflection coefficient of the reflection antenna unit can be adjusted in real time, and the problems that the equivalent channel gain of the existing RIS framework is low, accurate channel state information is difficult to obtain at the RIS side and the like are effectively solved; the advantages of the existing wireless communication system and the intelligent super surface can be fully combined, the design freedom degree of the two aspects of architecture and reflection coefficient brought by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface is utilized, the problems of the traditional communication system in the aspects of blind area coverage, channel environment deterioration and the like are solved, the performance gain brought by the distributed active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface is fully exerted, and the transmission performance of the existing wireless communication is greatly enhanced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are required for the embodiments will be briefly described, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Like elements are numbered alike in the various figures.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication transmission system based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is another flow chart of a wireless communication transmission method based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface according to an embodiment of the present application.
Major icons: 100-base station; 200-active-passive hybrid intelligent supersurfaces; 201-a control module; 202-an active antenna unit; 203-a passively reflective antenna element; 300-terminal.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments.
The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
In the following, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "having" and their cognate terms may be used in various embodiments of the present application are intended only to refer to a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be interpreted as first excluding the existence of or increasing the likelihood of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of this application belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) will be interpreted as having a meaning that is identical to the meaning of the context in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in connection with the various embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a wireless communication transmission method based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface, which is applied to a wireless communication transmission system based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface so as to fully utilize the advantages of low-cost deployment and flexible signal coverage enhancement of the intelligent super surface and further improve the uplink and downlink data transmission performance of the wireless communication transmission system.
Referring to fig. 1, the active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface-based wireless communication transmission system includes a base station 100, K terminals 300, and a plurality of active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface surfaces 200, where m active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface surfaces 200 may be distributed and deployed around the base station or the terminals. Each active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200 is composed of a passive reflection antenna unit 203, a control module 201 and a passive-to-active unit circuit (not shown) which can be enabled in a customized manner; the passive-to-active-unit circuit can convert a passive reflection antenna unit at the position into an active antenna unit after programming and enabling; the number and the positions of the active antenna units are respectively determined by the number and the positions of the enabled passive-to-active unit circuits; the base station is respectively connected with the control module and the active antenna unit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through optical fibers or radio frequency cables.
The number of antennas of the base station 100 may be N, and the terminal 300 may use a single antenna or multiple antennas. Each active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200 is comprised of a passive reflective antenna element 203, a control module 201, and a customizable enabled passive-to-active unit circuit (not shown); after programming and enabling, the passive-to-active-unit circuit can convert the passive reflection antenna unit 203 at the position into an active antenna unit, for example, the active antenna unit 202 in fig. 1 is connected with a radio frequency link, so that the functions of receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals, up-down conversion and analog-to-digital/digital conversion can be realized; the number and location of active antenna elements 202 are determined by the number and location of active element circuits that are enabled. The base station is connected with the control modules 201 and the active antenna units 202 of the M active-passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces 200 through optical fibers or radio frequency cables respectively, so as to realize the reflection phase control of the passive reflection antenna units 203 of all active-passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces 200 and the signal receiving and transmitting of the active antenna units 202.
Exemplary, the number of passive reflector antenna element circuits for the ith active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200 is A i The number of the ith active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface enabled passive-to-active unit circuits is B i Wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, and i is an integer. B (B) i ＜＜A i Specifically, the position of the enabled passive-to-active unit circuit can be quickly configured by programming, and the passive reflection antenna unit connected with the enabled passive-to-active unit circuit is used as an active antenna unit.
The following describes a wireless communication transmission method based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface according to the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the wireless communication transmission method based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface includes:
step S201, uplink pilot training phase: each terminal respectively transmits uplink pilot frequency information to the base station and each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface; each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface enables a part of passive reflection antenna units to be selected as active antenna units by a part of passive-to-active unit circuit according to a selection criterion so as to receive uplink pilot frequency information, and transmits the received uplink pilot frequency information to the base station through a cable; the base station receives uplink pilot frequency information sent by the terminal and received by an active antenna unit transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through a cable by utilizing an antenna of the base station, and obtains all uplink channel information by adopting a channel estimation algorithm; and the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface sets the enabling of the passive-to-active unit circuit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the passive reflection antenna unit according to the uplink channel information and the target criterion.
In this embodiment, each of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces includes a plurality of passive reflection antenna units, each of the passive reflection antenna units is correspondingly configured with one of the passive rotation active unit circuits, and the number of passive rotation active unit circuits enabled by each of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces is smaller than or equal to the number of passive rotation active unit circuits of each of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces.
Exemplary, in FIG. 1, the number of passive reflection antenna element circuits of the ith active-passive hybrid smart subsurface is A i Correspondingly, the passive reflection antenna unit of the ith active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface is also A i A passive reflection antenna unit circuit corresponds to a passive reflection antenna unit.
In this embodiment, the selection criterion is any one of the following: random selection, equidistant selection, minimum uplink channel information complement error of a plurality of passive reflection antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface, or maximum uplink receiving rate of the combination of the base station and the active antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
For example, a portion of the passive to active cell circuit may be randomly selected and enabled.
In an embodiment, the base station performs joint estimation on uplink channel information of the base station and uplink channel information of all units of each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface according to uplink pilot information received by an antenna of the base station and uplink pilot information transmitted by each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the base station estimates uplink channel information of the base station according to uplink pilot frequency information received by an antenna of the base station, and obtains uplink channel information of all units of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface by utilizing a matrix complement algorithm based on uplink channel information estimation of active antenna units of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface;
all units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface comprise active antenna units and passive antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
In an embodiment, in an uplink pilot training phase, the target criterion is: maximizing the achievable data transmission rate of signals sent by the terminal to the base station via reflection paths and other propagation paths constructed by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
And maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals sent by the terminals to the base station through the reflection paths and other propagation paths constructed by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
Exemplary, in connection with fig. 1, taking the i-th active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface 200 as an example for assisting the k-th terminal 300 in uplink channel estimation:
after the kth terminal 300 sends the uplink pilot information to the base station 100 and each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200, the uplink pilot information y received by the antenna of the base station 100 and the uplink pilot information u received by the active antenna unit of each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200 i The received signal model of (2) is represented by the following formula:
wherein h is UB，k H is an uplink channel between the kth terminal 300 and the base station 100 UI，k H is the uplink channel of the kth terminal 300 and the ith active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200 IB，i Is the uplink channel between the i-th active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200 and the base station 100. h is a k For terminal 300 and base station 1Equivalent uplink channel of 00 g k Is the uplink channel of the active antenna element of the terminal 300 and the active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200. I is a diagonal matrix, n BS And A is a i n I,i And respectively receiving noise vectors for signals of the base station and the ith active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surface active antenna unit. A is that i Active antenna element indication matrix and V after passive-to-active element circuit enabling for active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200 according to relevant selection criteria i Is a reflection coefficient vector of the passive reflection antenna unit.
Specifically, A i Is (A) i +B i )*(A i +B i ) Diagonal matrix of dimensions, A i (j, j) =1 represents that the j-th element of the i-th block active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface 200 is an active antenna element (at most B i A) A i (j, j) =0 represents that the j-th element of the i-th block active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface is a passive reflection unit (common a i -B i And (c) a). V (V) i ＝[v i，1 ，v i，2 ，…，v i，M ]The reflection coefficient vector can be adjusted according to different requirements. For example, the mth element is
Wherein θ is m For the adjustable phase of the mth cell (the type of mth cell is indicated by the cell indicating matrix A i Determining, for example, when the mth cell is in a passive reflection state, i.e. A i (m，m)＝0)，|α i And I is the adjustable amplitude of the mth unit. diag (·) is the operator that turns the vector into a diagonal matrix. P (P) k Signal transmission power, x, for kth terminal 300 k Which is the transmission information symbol of the kth terminal 300. n is n BS Receiving noise vectors for signals of base stations, A i n I，i And receiving noise vectors for signals of the i-th active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surface active antenna units.
In this embodiment, each channel is represented by a parameterized channel model as follows:
in the course of the channel model,
for the complex gain of the kth terminal 300 and the first path of the base station 100, +.>
For the complex gain of the kth terminal 300 and the ith path of the ith active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200, +.>
Complex gains for the ith active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200 and the ith path of base station 100. L (L) UB，k L is the number of paths between the kth terminal 300 and the base station 100 UI，k L is the number of paths of the kth terminal 300 and the ith active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200 IB，i The number of paths for the i-th active/passive hybrid intelligent subsurface 200 and the base station channel. θ and ψ represent the arrival angle and the transmission angle of the path respectively according to different subscripts, and a (·) is an array response vector determined by the topology of the uplink receiving antenna array (active antenna unit of the base station antenna and the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface), and its form is as follows:
wherein lambda is the system carrier wavelength, a i ∈{1，2，…，N a Is the receiving antenna index (N) a For the heavenThe number of lines, e.g. for array response vector of base station, N a =n; for the array response vector of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface, N a ＝B i ) D is the antenna spacing (determined by the antenna array topology).
In an embodiment, if the terminal 300 transmits T pilots in total, the T received signal vectors are arranged according to a matrix to obtain uplink pilot received signal matrices Y and U i The following are provided:
Y＝[y 1 ，y 2 ，…，y T ]
U i ＝[u i，1 ，u i，2 ，…，u i，T ]
finally, the uplink channel estimation can be modeled as a parameter estimation problem as follows:
wherein { α, θ, ψ } is the channel parameter to be estimated (omitting the channel path subscript), σ BS Accepting signal noise, sigma for base station I The method is characterized in that signal noise is received by an active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surface active antenna unit, c and d are super-parameters related to the noise, F (-) is a constraint function of the parameters { alpha, theta, phi }, the constraint function limits the variable dimension of a parameter space by using priori knowledge of the parameters according to different channel characteristics, and the calculation complexity of parameter estimation is reduced.
Under different environment and channel characteristics, the above problems can be solved by various methods, such as when the received signal noise intensity of the active/passive hybrid intelligent super-surface active antenna unit is low, the equivalent terminal and the active/passive hybrid intelligent super-surface active antenna unit uplink channel g k Can be solved by least square
The following is shown:
wherein P is k The average power of the uplink pilot signal transmitted for the kth user,
the pseudo-inverse matrix is formed by arranging T pilot signal vectors according to a matrix.
Using the above estimation
Acquisition of h UI，k And then, using the pilot signal received at the base station, jointly estimating the remaining channel parameters using, but not limited to, matrix-complementary algorithm, and finally recovering h UB，k And H is IB，i 。
The uplink pilot training stage scheme described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but other embodiments are also possible, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
Step S202, uplink data transmission stage: the terminal respectively transmits uplink signals to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; the base station receives corresponding uplink signals through an antenna of the base station; the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces transmit the received uplink signals to the base station; and the base station performs joint processing on all received uplink signals according to the uplink channel information of the base station and the uplink channel information of the active antenna units of each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface, which are obtained in the uplink pilot training stage.
In an embodiment, in the uplink data transmission stage, the uplink signal received by the base station through the self antenna includes at least one of the following: signals transmitted by the line-of-sight path, signals reflected by all active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces and signals reflected by other scatterers in the environment;
The uplink signal received by the base station includes: and the uplink signals received by the antennas of the base station are transmitted to the base station through the cables by the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
Exemplary, in connection with fig. 1, the description will be given taking as an example that the i-th block active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200 assists uplink signal transmission and uplink-downlink channel conversion of the kth terminal 300 in a time division duplex (Time Division Duplexing, TDD) mode.
After the terminal 300 transmits data to the base station 100 and the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200, the signals received by the base station 100 self antenna receiving terminal 300 and the signals received by the i-th active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200 active antenna unit can be represented by the following models:
wherein s is k For uplink transmission of data symbols, y, for the kth terminal 300 s U is the signal received by the antenna of the base station itself i，s Receiving signals for the active antenna unit of the i-th active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface 200, h k And g is equal to k Is an equivalent channel.
Based on the above two received signals, different signal recovery methods can be selected according to the actual hardware architecture design and transmission environment characteristics, and the uplink transmission data recovery is performed by using, but not limited to, a maximum ratio combining receiver (Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC), a zero forcing receiver (Zero Forcing Combining, ZF), a minimum mean square error receiver (Minimum Mean Square Error Combining, MMSE) and other low-complexity linear signal processing receivers or other nonlinear signal processing receivers.
In this embodiment, take the maximum ratio combining acceptor (Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC) as an example:
first, the received signal is represented by the following equivalent:
wherein h is k And g is equal to k Respectively is h k ＝h UB，k +H IB，i (I-A i )diag(v i )h UI g k ＝A i h UI，k H and n are the values obtained by dividing h into k And g is equal to k ，n BS And A is a i n I，i The block equivalent channel vectors and the equivalent receiving noise vectors which are arranged are defined as follows:
the received signal through the MRC is represented as follows:
due to reciprocity of the TDD system, it can be known that the uplink channel and the downlink channel have the following relationship:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
And->
Upstream channel estimated for step 201, +.>
And->
Is a downlink channel acquired by utilizing channel reciprocity in a TDD system.
Step S203, downlink transmission stage: and the base station performs joint coding on downlink pilot frequency information or downlink data to be transmitted according to the target criterion, uplink channel information of the base station obtained in an uplink pilot frequency training stage and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, and performs joint transmission through an antenna array of the base station and the active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
In an embodiment, in a downlink transmission stage, the base station adopts a joint precoding criterion as follows: maximizing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the terminal; or, maximizing the system downlink transmission rate.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the following description is given by taking the i-th block active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface 200 as an example to assist the base station 100 to transmit data to K terminals 300:
when the base station 100 jointly transmits to the K terminals 300, the received signal of the kth terminal 300 may be represented by the following model:
y k ＝A k +B k +C k +D k +n k
wherein A is k 、B k 、C k And D k The corresponding relation is represented as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
and->
Transmitting beam forming vector of active antenna unit of base station and active-passive mixed intelligent super surface, n k Noise of the k-th terminal received signal, n o Interference noise P caused by active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surface active antenna unit k For the transmission power of the base station to the kth terminal signal, Q k The transmitting power of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surface active antenna unit to the kth terminal signal, t k For transmitting data symbols to the kth terminal. And then, according to different target criteria, designing the reflection coefficient of the passive unit, and maximizing the system performance by using an indication matrix of the active and passive units, a transmitting beam forming vector and the like.
Referring to fig. 3, the wireless communication transmission method based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface provided in this embodiment further includes the following steps:
step S200, synchronization and access phase: the base station broadcasts a synchronization sequence to each terminal; each terminal utilizes the received synchronization sequence to complete synchronization with the base station and initiate an uplink access request so as to complete initial access of each terminal; the base station realizes synchronization with each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through the cable based on a network clock synchronization protocol; and controlling the initialization of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
In one embodiment, in the synchronization and access phase, the initialization of each of the active-passive hybrid smart metasurfaces includes initialization of an enable setting of each of the passive-switched active unit circuits and initialization of a reflection coefficient setting of the passive-reflective antenna unit.
It should be noted that the steps S200, S201, S202, and S203 may be sequentially performed.
According to the wireless communication transmission method based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface, provided by the embodiment, the passive-to-active unit circuit of the active hybrid intelligent super surface can be dynamically enabled according to different environments and transmission requirements, the architecture of the intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the reflection antenna unit can be adjusted in real time, and the problems that the equivalent channel gain of the existing RIS architecture is low, accurate channel state information is difficult to obtain on the RIS side and the like are effectively solved; the advantages of the existing wireless communication system and the intelligent super surface can be fully combined, the design freedom degree of the two aspects of architecture and reflection coefficient brought by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface is utilized, the problems of the traditional communication system in the aspects of blind area coverage, channel environment deterioration and the like are solved, the performance gain brought by the distributed active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface is fully exerted, and the transmission performance of the existing wireless communication is greatly enhanced.
Example 2
In addition, the embodiment of the application provides a wireless communication transmission system based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface, which comprises a base station, K terminals and M active-passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces: each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface consists of a passive reflection antenna unit, a control module and a passive-to-active unit circuit capable of being enabled in a self-defined mode; the passive-to-active-unit circuit can convert a passive reflection antenna unit at the position into an active antenna unit after programming and enabling; the number and the positions of the active antenna units are respectively determined by the number and the positions of the enabled passive-to-active unit circuits; the base station is respectively connected with the control module and the active antenna unit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through optical fibers or radio frequency cables,
uplink pilot training phase: the terminal respectively transmits uplink pilot frequency information to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface enables a part of passive reflection antenna units to be selected as active antenna units by a part of passive-to-active unit circuit according to a selection criterion so as to receive uplink pilot frequency information, and transmits the received uplink pilot frequency information to the base station through a cable; the base station receives uplink pilot frequency information sent by the terminal and received by an active antenna unit transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through a cable by utilizing an antenna of the base station, and obtains all uplink channel information by adopting a channel estimation algorithm; the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface sets the enabling of the passive-to-active unit circuit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the passive reflection antenna unit according to the uplink channel information and the target criterion;
Uplink data transmission stage: the terminal respectively transmits uplink signals to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; the base station receives corresponding uplink signals through an antenna of the base station; the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces transmit the received uplink signals to the base station; the base station performs joint processing on all received uplink signals according to uplink channel information of the base station and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, which are obtained in an uplink pilot training stage;
and a downlink transmission stage: and the base station performs joint coding on downlink pilot frequency information or downlink data to be transmitted according to the target criterion, uplink channel information of the base station obtained in an uplink pilot frequency training stage and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, and performs joint transmission through an antenna array of the base station and the active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
In one embodiment, the synchronization and access phases: the base station broadcasts a synchronization sequence to each terminal; each terminal utilizes the received synchronization sequence to complete synchronization with the base station and initiate an uplink access request so as to complete initial access of each terminal; the base station realizes synchronization with each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through the cable based on a network clock synchronization protocol; and controlling the initialization of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
In one embodiment, in the synchronization and access phase, the initialization of each of the active-passive hybrid smart metasurfaces includes initialization of an enable setting of each of the passive-switched active unit circuits and initialization of a reflection coefficient setting of the passive-reflective antenna unit.
In an embodiment, each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface includes a plurality of passive reflection antenna units, each passive reflection antenna unit is correspondingly configured with one passive rotation active unit circuit, and the number of passive rotation active unit circuits enabled by each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface is smaller than or equal to the number of passive rotation active unit circuits of each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
In one embodiment, the selection criteria is any one of the following: random selection, equidistant selection, minimum uplink channel information complement error of a plurality of passive reflection antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface, or maximum uplink receiving rate of the combination of the base station and the active antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
In an embodiment, the obtaining all uplink channel information by using a channel estimation algorithm includes:
The base station carries out joint estimation on the uplink channel information of the base station and the uplink channel information of all units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface according to the uplink pilot information received by the self antenna and the uplink pilot information transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the base station estimates uplink channel information of the base station according to uplink pilot frequency information received by an antenna of the base station, and obtains uplink channel information of all units of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface by utilizing a matrix complement algorithm based on uplink channel information estimation of active antenna units of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface;
all units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface comprise active antenna units and passive antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
In an embodiment, in an uplink pilot training phase, the target criterion is: maximizing the achievable data transmission rate of signals sent by the terminal to the base station via reflection paths and other propagation paths constructed by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals sent by the terminals to the base station through the reflection paths and other propagation paths constructed by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
In an embodiment, in the uplink data transmission stage, the uplink signal received by the base station through the self antenna includes at least one of the following: signals transmitted by the line-of-sight path, signals reflected by all active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces and signals reflected by other scatterers in the environment;
the uplink signal received by the base station includes: the uplink signals received by the antennas of the base station are transmitted to the uplink signals at the base station through the cables by the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces;
in an embodiment, in a downlink transmission stage, the base station adopts a joint precoding criterion as follows: maximizing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the terminal; or, maximizing the system downlink transmission rate.
The wireless communication transmission system based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface provided in this embodiment can implement the wireless communication transmission method based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface provided in embodiment 1, and in order to avoid repetition, a description thereof will be omitted.
The wireless communication transmission system based on the active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface provided by the embodiment can dynamically enable the passive-to-active unit circuit of the active hybrid intelligent super surface according to different environments and transmission requirements, adjust the architecture of the intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the reflection antenna unit in real time, and effectively solve the problems that the equivalent channel gain of the existing RIS architecture is low, accurate channel state information is difficult to obtain at the RIS side, and the like; the advantages of the existing wireless communication system and the intelligent super surface can be fully combined, the design freedom degree of the two aspects of architecture and reflection coefficient brought by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface is utilized, the problems of the traditional communication system in the aspects of blind area coverage, channel environment deterioration and the like are solved, the performance gain brought by the distributed active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface is fully exerted, and the transmission performance of the existing wireless communication is greatly enhanced.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or terminal comprising the element.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiment method may be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, but of course may also be implemented by means of hardware, but in many cases the former is a preferred embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied essentially or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium (e.g., ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) including several instructions for causing a computer device to perform the methods described in the embodiments of the present application.
The embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application and the scope of the claims, which are also within the protection of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The wireless communication transmission method based on the active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces is characterized by being applied to a wireless communication transmission system based on the active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces, wherein the system comprises a base station, K terminals and M active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces, and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surface is composed of a passive reflection antenna unit, a control module and a passive conversion active unit circuit capable of being enabled in a self-defining mode; the passive-to-active-unit circuit can convert a passive reflection antenna unit at the position into an active antenna unit after programming and enabling; the number and the positions of the active antenna units are respectively determined by the number and the positions of the enabled passive-to-active unit circuits; the base station is respectively connected with a control module and an active antenna unit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through optical fibers or radio frequency cables, and the method comprises the following steps:
Uplink pilot training phase: each terminal respectively transmits uplink pilot frequency information to the base station and each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface; each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface enables a part of passive reflection antenna units to be selected as active antenna units by a part of passive-to-active unit circuit according to a selection criterion so as to receive uplink pilot frequency information, and transmits the received uplink pilot frequency information to the base station through a cable; the base station receives uplink pilot frequency information sent by the terminal and received by an active antenna unit transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through a cable by utilizing an antenna of the base station, and obtains all uplink channel information by adopting a channel estimation algorithm; the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface sets the enabling of the passive-to-active unit circuit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the passive reflection antenna unit according to the uplink channel information and the target criterion;
uplink data transmission stage: the terminal respectively transmits uplink signals to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; the base station receives corresponding uplink signals through an antenna of the base station; the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces transmit the received uplink signals to the base station; the base station performs joint processing on all received uplink signals according to uplink channel information of the base station and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, which are obtained in an uplink pilot training stage;
And a downlink transmission stage: and the base station performs joint coding on downlink pilot frequency information or downlink data to be transmitted according to the target criterion, uplink channel information of the base station obtained in an uplink pilot frequency training stage and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, and performs joint transmission through an antenna array of the base station and the active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to the uplink pilot training phase, the method further comprises:
synchronization and access phase: the base station broadcasts a synchronization sequence to each terminal; each terminal utilizes the received synchronization sequence to complete synchronization with the base station and initiate an uplink access request so as to complete initial access of each terminal; the base station realizes synchronization with each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through the cable based on a network clock synchronization protocol; and controlling the initialization of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein during the synchronization and access phases, the initialization of each of the active-passive hybrid smart metasurfaces includes initialization of an enable setting of each of the passive-to-active unit circuits and initialization of a reflection coefficient setting of a passive-reflective antenna unit.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface includes a plurality of the passive reflection antenna elements, each of the passive reflection antenna elements being configured with one of the passive turning active element circuits, the number of passive turning active element circuits enabled by each of the active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface being less than or equal to the number of passive turning active element circuits of each of the active-passive hybrid intelligent subsurface.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection criterion is any one of: random selection, equidistant selection, minimum uplink channel information complement error of a plurality of passive reflection antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface, or maximum uplink receiving rate of the combination of the base station and the active antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining all uplink channel information using a channel estimation algorithm comprises:
the base station carries out joint estimation on the uplink channel information of the base station and the uplink channel information of all units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface according to the uplink pilot information received by the self antenna and the uplink pilot information transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
The base station estimates uplink channel information of the base station according to uplink pilot frequency information received by an antenna of the base station, and obtains uplink channel information of all units of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface by utilizing a matrix complement algorithm based on uplink channel information estimation of active antenna units of the active-passive hybrid intelligent super-surface;
all units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface comprise active antenna units and passive antenna units of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the target criteria is: maximizing the achievable data transmission rate of signals sent by the terminal to the base station via reflection paths and other propagation paths constructed by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals sent by the terminals to the base station through the reflection paths and other propagation paths constructed by the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the uplink signal received by the base station using its own antenna during the uplink data transmission phase comprises at least one of: signals transmitted by the line-of-sight path, signals reflected by all active and passive hybrid intelligent super-surfaces and signals reflected by other scatterers in the environment;
The uplink signal received by the base station includes: and the uplink signals received by the antennas of the base station are transmitted to the base station through the cables by the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the downlink transmission phase, the base station employs a joint precoding criterion of: maximizing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the terminal; or, maximizing the system downlink transmission rate.
10. A wireless communication transmission system based on an active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface is characterized by comprising a base station, K terminals and M active-passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces: each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface consists of a passive reflection antenna unit, a control module and a passive-to-active unit circuit capable of being enabled in a self-defined mode; the passive-to-active-unit circuit can convert a passive reflection antenna unit at the position into an active antenna unit after programming and enabling; the number and the positions of the active antenna units are respectively determined by the number and the positions of the enabled passive-to-active unit circuits; the base station is respectively connected with the control module and the active antenna unit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through optical fibers or radio frequency cables;
Uplink pilot training phase: the terminal respectively transmits uplink pilot frequency information to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; each active-passive hybrid intelligent super surface enables a part of passive reflection antenna units to be selected as active antenna units by a part of passive-to-active unit circuit according to a selection criterion so as to receive uplink pilot frequency information, and transmits the received uplink pilot frequency information to the base station through a cable; the base station receives uplink pilot frequency information sent by the terminal and received by an active antenna unit transmitted by each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface through a cable by utilizing an antenna of the base station, and obtains all uplink channel information by adopting a channel estimation algorithm; the control module of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface sets the enabling of the passive-to-active unit circuit of each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface and the reflection coefficient of the passive reflection antenna unit according to the uplink channel information and the target criterion;
uplink data transmission stage: the terminal respectively transmits uplink signals to the base station and each active and passive hybrid intelligent super surface; the base station receives corresponding uplink signals through an antenna of the base station; the active antenna units of the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces transmit the received uplink signals to the base station; the base station performs joint processing on all received uplink signals according to uplink channel information of the base station and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, which are obtained in an uplink pilot training stage;
And a downlink transmission stage: and the base station performs joint coding on downlink pilot frequency information or downlink data to be transmitted according to the target criterion, uplink channel information of the base station obtained in an uplink pilot frequency training stage and uplink channel information of active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces, and performs joint transmission through an antenna array of the base station and the active antenna units of all the active and passive hybrid intelligent super surfaces.
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| CN117042162B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-12-26 | 中国移动紫金(江苏)创新研究院有限公司 | Communication method, device, reflection plane, computing system, enhancer and repeater |
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