CN116054211A - Method for generating power by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing or carbon-containing fuel and oxygen to react and couple peak shaving energy storage to consume green electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emission - Google Patents
Method for generating power by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing or carbon-containing fuel and oxygen to react and couple peak shaving energy storage to consume green electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN116054211A CN116054211A CN202310016512.6A CN202310016512A CN116054211A CN 116054211 A CN116054211 A CN 116054211A CN 202310016512 A CN202310016512 A CN 202310016512A CN 116054211 A CN116054211 A CN 116054211A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/02—Preparation of nitrogen
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0488—Processes integrated with preparations of other compounds, e.g. methanol, urea or with processes for power generation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/222—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on compounds containing nitrogen, e.g. hydrazine, ammonia
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for generating power by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing or carbon-containing fuel and oxygen to couple peak regulation and energy storage to consume green electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emission. The method comprises the following steps of: electrolytic water is produced into hydrogen and oxygen by utilizing green electricity; in peak-to-valley time of peak regulation, enabling the produced oxygen to react with the nitrogen-containing fuel to generate electricity and generate nitrogen and water, or enabling the produced oxygen to react with the carbon-containing fuel to generate electricity and generate carbon dioxide and water; the produced hydrogen is reacted with nitrogen to produce ammonia. The invention utilizes electrolyzed water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and obtains N from air or nitrogen-containing fuel flue gas 2 The oxygen produced by synthesizing ammonia and electrolyzing water can be easily produced and stored by utilizing liquefaction, green electricity can be unconstrained theoretically only by water, and for photovoltaic wind power, stored oxygen is used for replacing electricity, and the produced ammonia reacts with oxygen to generate electricity peak regulation, and can also react with CO generated during power generation by adopting carbon fuel 2 Urea is produced for chemical fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for generating power by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing or carbon-containing fuel and oxygen to couple peak regulation and energy storage to consume green electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emission, belonging to the technical field of energy sources.
Background
The time distribution of the photovoltaic is uneven, the instability of wind power and the linearity of electricity bring peak shaving, energy storage and new challenges of absorption when green electricity such as photovoltaic wind power is connected to a traditional power grid, and the required capacity is larger and larger.
What is needed for a grid peaking power system is not the complete "charge-discharge" capability, but for the system is the ability to adjust, i.e., to adapt the load to be smaller and to adapt the power generation to be smaller.
The traditional pumped storage peak regulation has the functions of large capacity, frequency modulation, phase modulation, standby of an energy storage system, black start and the like in an electric power system, but has territorial limitation after all, has limited capacity and can not consume green electricity. There is a need for a new high capacity peak shaving tool that will provide more peak shaving space in conjunction with it.
And a power grid service base capable of carrying out high-capacity peak shaving, energy storage and digestion is urgently needed to be built for a backbone power grid. The electrolytic water and the nitrogen-containing or oxygen-containing fuel react with the produced oxygen to generate electricity or produce chemicals with high added value, and the coupling of power grid peak regulation, energy storage and green electricity absorption is a feasible method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a peak shaving method for generating power coupling by utilizing the reaction of electrolyzed water and nitrogen-containing or carbon fuel and oxygen.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for generating electricity, coupling peak regulation and energy storage, absorbing green electricity and reducing carbon dioxide emission by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing or carbon fuel and oxygen, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: electrolytic water is produced into hydrogen and oxygen by utilizing green electricity;
step 2: in peak-to-valley time of peak regulation, enabling the oxygen produced in the step 1 to react with the nitrogen-containing fuel to generate electricity and generate nitrogen and water, or enabling the oxygen produced in the step 1 to react with the carbon-containing fuel to generate electricity and generate carbon dioxide and water;
step 3: and (3) reacting the hydrogen produced in the step (1) with nitrogen to produce ammonia.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the method provided by the invention can also be used for preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water, and the oxygen is recycled to the reaction of oxygen and nitrogen-containing fuel to generate electricity in the step 2, wherein the oxygen for starting the reaction can be from air.
In the above method, preferably, the nitrogen-containing fuel is ammonia.
In the above method, preferably, the carbonaceous fuel is one or a combination of two or more of natural gas, methanol, dimethyl carbonate, and coal.
In the above method, preferably, carbon dioxide or nitrogen is mixed with oxygen which reacts with the nitrogen-containing fuel to generate electricity, and the molar ratio of the oxygen to the carbon dioxide or nitrogen is 1:0.01-4.
In the above method, preferably, the carbon dioxide produced by reacting the oxygen produced in step 1 with the carbonaceous fuel is reacted with ammonia to produce urea and water.
In the above method, preferably, the power generation process of the reaction of oxygen with the nitrogen-containing fuel, oxygen with the carbon-containing fuel is performed by a fuel cell or combustion, such as an ammoxidation fuel cell or the like.
In the above method, preferably, the nitrogen gas is generated in step 2 or obtained by means of air separation.
In the above method, preferably, the oxygen that reacts with the carbonaceous fuel to generate electricity contains carbon dioxide.
In the above process, preferably, the molar ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen is from 0.01 to 9:1, preferably from 0.25 to 4:1.
In the above method, preferably, the water produced in the step 2 is recycled for the electrolytic water process of the step 1.
According to the invention, the nitrogen-containing fuel (such as ammonia) synthesized in the process is circulated to generate electricity, so that fossil fuel is not needed for peak shaving, the conversion from fossil fuel generation peak shaving to renewable fuel generation peak shaving is realized, the carbon neutralization innovation technical path of the existing power plant is realized, and the recycling of carbon can be realized.
The invention utilizes electrolyzed water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and obtains N from air or nitrogen-containing fuel flue gas 2 The oxygen produced by synthesizing ammonia and electrolyzing water can be easily produced and stored by utilizing liquefaction, green electricity can be unconstrained theoretically only by water, and for photovoltaic wind power, stored oxygen is used for replacing electricity, and the produced ammonia reacts with oxygen to generate electricity peak regulation, and can also react with CO generated during power generation by adopting carbon fuel 2 Urea is produced for chemical fertilizer. For some coal-fired power plants, peak-shaving photovoltaic wind power is generated, but a large amount of CO is discharged 2 The technical proposal of the invention is utilized to discharge CO 2 As a carbon resource, the method reacts with ammonia to produce urea, thereby replacing the traditional technical route for producing synthetic ammonia urea by coal gasification and realizing the purpose of carbon emission reduction.
In the process of the present invention, the electrolyzed water consumes a certain amount of water as a starting reaction, but water can be produced in the subsequent reaction process, thereby realizing the recycling of water.
On the 24-hour scale of one day, if the photovoltaic wind power can be used for leading and supporting an 8-hour power grid, the rest 16 hours are used for generating and peak shaving by using carbon or oxygen circulating nitrogen fuel such as ammonia, hydrogen and oxygen are produced by electrolysis of water for peak shaving in 8 hours leading by the photovoltaic wind power, the hydrogen and nitrogen are synthesized into ammonia, and the redundant oxygen is liquefied and stored for generating power by reaction of the other 16-hour carbon or nitrogen fuel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the reaction process of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the reaction process of example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below for a clearer understanding of technical features, objects and advantageous effects of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for generating power, regulating peak, storing energy, absorbing green electricity and reducing carbon dioxide emission by utilizing the reaction of electrolyzed water, nitrogenous fuel and oxygen, and particularly relates to a method for producing ammonia and urea by coupling a certain coal fuel power plant with electrolyzed water, which comprises the following steps:
generating electricity by burning coal and generating CO 2 ；
Electrolyzing water to prepare hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the hydrogen reacts with nitrogen (from air) to generate ammonia;
CO produced by combustion of ammonia and coal 2 Reacting to generate urea;
the oxygen adopted by the primary combustion power generation is from air, and in the subsequent process, the oxygen prepared by electrolyzing water can be used for coal combustion power generation.
The basic condition of the process is shown in figure 1, 1 ton of carbon is contained, 1.1 ton of coal and 2.67 tons of oxygen are needed to burn and generate electricity by taking 90% of carbon as a basis, and the oxygen-containing gas can be pure oxygen or O 2 With CO 2 Of (wherein oxygen is 25%, CO) 2 75%) to produce 3.67 tons of CO 2 . Production of 2.33 tons of N from air by pressure swing adsorption PSA 2 And 0.5 ton H 2 2.83 tons of ammonia are produced, then with 3.67 tons of CO 2 Production of 5 tons of urea and 1.5 tons of water, and addition of 4.5 tons of water to a total of 3 tons of water to produce 0.5 ton of H by alkaline electrolysis of water 2 And 4 tons of oxygen, except for 2.67 tons for combustion, and 1.33 tons of oxygen are sold.
Production of 1m at 5 degree electricity 3 The electricity consumption of the alkaline electrolyzed water for 4.5 tons of water production was (0.5×1000/2) ×22.4×5=28000 degrees. The water price, the process power consumption, the labor, the management cost, the comprehensive energy utilization and the like are not counted, and only the materials are counted.
If N is produced by air liquefaction 2 2.33 tons of N based on electricity consumption of 750 DEG for 1 ton of liquid 2 The byproduct liquid oxygen is about 9.32 tons at the same time, and the electricity consumption is 11.65×750=8738 degrees.
If the coal is 800 yuan/ton, 3000 degrees electricity can be generated per ton of coal, the coal power generation is 0.32 yuan/degree, the photovoltaic wind power is 0.15 yuan/degree, the urea is 3000 yuan/ton, and the liquid oxygen is 4000 yuan/ton, then
Raw material input: 1.1 ton of coal x 8000 yuan + space 8738 degree electricity x 0.15+ electrolyzed water 28000 x 0.15
＝880+1311+4200
=6391 yuan
Yield: peak shaver power 3000 x 1.1 x 0.32+5 ton urea x 3000+ (93.2+1.33) oxygen x 400
＝1056+15000+4260
=20316 yuan
Gross profit: 20316-6391= 13925 yuan
From the above calculation, the peak shaving absorption ratio of electricity is:
controllable electricity/photovoltaic wind power= (3000×1.1)/(28000+8738) ×100%
＝3300/36738×100％
＝9％
The method is used for absorbing photovoltaic wind power, 5 tons of urea can be produced when about 1 ton of coal is discharged without carbon, 4.5 tons of electrolytic water is needed, and the external oxygen is about 10 tons (air separation).
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for generating power, coupling peak regulation, energy storage, green electricity consumption and carbon dioxide emission reduction by utilizing electrolytic water, nitrogen-containing fuel and oxygen, and the method comprises the following steps:
the nitrogen was produced using PSA, with about 1 ton of coal fired, CO-free, as in example 1 2 When the urea is discharged, 5 tons of urea can be produced, 4.5 tons of electrolyzed water is needed, 1.33 tons of liquid oxygen is sold out, and the electricity consumption is 28000 degrees. Neglecting the cost impact of air separation oxygen and nitrogen, then:
raw material input: 1.1 ton of coal x 800 yuan + 28000 x 0.15 yuan per degree of electrolyzed water
＝880+4200
=5080 yuan
Yield: peak regulating power 3000 x 1.1 x 0.32+5 ton urea x 3000 yuan + external pin electrolyzed water oxygen 1.33 x 400
＝1056+15000+532
= 16588 yuan
Gross profit: 16588-5080=11508 yuan
The electrolytic water and oxygen are consumed by utilizing coal electricity, and meanwhile, the PSA is utilized to extract nitrogen, so that the oxygen delivery and consumption can be obviously reduced, and the investment of air separation can be reduced. The technical route is that NH which is easy to store 3 And O 2 Easily available N 2 Replacing electricity and H which are difficult to store 2 Thereby realizing the controllable peak shaving of the photovoltaic wind power.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for generating electricity by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing fuel and oxygen to couple peak regulation, energy storage and consumption of green electricity and emission reduction of carbon dioxide, which specifically takes ammonia as a circulating medium, electrolyzes 4.5 tons of water by using alkaline electrolytic water to produce 0.5 ton of hydrogen, synthesizes 2.83 tons of ammonia with 2.33 tons of nitrogen in the air or recycled, then generates electricity by combusting with 4 tons of oxygen, and adds N for safety consideration in oxygen feeding 2 Dilution, N 2 70% of the total amount, 30% of oxygen and O 2 /N 2 For 1:0.43, a steam turbine is connected in series in the combustion of ammonia flame to generate electricity, the electricity is 1.8 DEG per kilogram of ammonia, and 2.83 tons of ammonia can generate controllable electricity of 5094 DEG to generate 2.33 tons of N 2 And 4.5 tons of water, N 2 And water can be recycled. As shown in fig. 2.
4.5 tons of water are electrolyzed to consume 5 degrees of electricity per square hydrogen:
(0.5×1000)/2×22.4×5=28000 degrees
The ratio of peak shaving to power consumption is:
(Ammonia combustion power generation/electrolysis water power consumption) ×100%
＝(5094/28000)×100％
＝18％。
The technical route of the embodiment can realize the ratio of peak shaving to power consumption of 18 percent, and has higher benefit.
Experimental example 4
The embodiment provides a method for generating power, coupling peak regulation, energy storage, green electricity consumption and carbon dioxide emission reduction by utilizing electrolytic water, nitrogen-containing fuel and oxygen, and the method comprises the following steps:
the ammonia power generation adopts a pure oxygen high temperature fuel cell SOFC, the controllable power generation per kilogram is 3.5 ℃,2.83 tons of ammonia can generate 9905 ℃ of controllable power, and 2.33 tons of N are generated simultaneously 2 And 4.5 tons of water, N 2 And water can be recycled. The illustration is as in example 3.
The ratio of peak shaving to power consumption is:
(Ammonia fuel cell controlled power generation/electrolysis water consumption) ×100%
＝(9905/28000)×100％
＝35.4％
If the on-line peak regulation electricity is calculated by 0.8 yuan/degree, the photovoltaic wind electricity is calculated by 0.32 yuan/degree, and the production process cost and the heat energy utilization are not calculated.
The peak regulation benefit is roughly estimated as follows: 0.8x9905-0.32x28000=7924-8960= -1036 membered
The technical route is used for peak shaving and rough estimation, but does not need carbon resources, utilizes N in the air 2 The effective peak shaving of the photovoltaic wind power can be realized. Ammonia generation peak shaving may make sense when photovoltaic wind power is developed to a certain stage.
Claims (10)
1. A method for generating power, coupling peak regulation, energy storage, green electricity and carbon dioxide emission reduction by utilizing the reaction of electrolyzed water and nitrogen-containing or carbon fuel and oxygen comprises the following steps:
step 1: electrolytic water is produced into hydrogen and oxygen by utilizing green electricity;
step 2: in peak-to-valley time of peak regulation, enabling the oxygen produced in the step 1 to react with the nitrogen-containing fuel to generate electricity and generate nitrogen and water, or enabling the oxygen produced in the step 1 to react with the carbon-containing fuel to generate electricity and generate carbon dioxide and water;
step 3: and (3) reacting the hydrogen produced in the step (1) with nitrogen to produce ammonia.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing fuel is ammonia.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous fuel is one or a combination of two or more of natural gas, methanol, dimethyl carbonate, and coal.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, carbon dioxide or nitrogen is mixed with oxygen reacted with a nitrogen-containing fuel to generate electricity, and the molar ratio of the oxygen to the carbon dioxide or nitrogen is 1:0.01-4.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 2, carbon dioxide produced by reacting the oxygen produced in step 1 with a carbonaceous fuel is reacted with ammonia to produce urea and water.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the power generation process by the reaction of oxygen with a nitrogen-containing fuel and oxygen with a carbon-containing fuel is performed by a fuel cell or combustion.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the nitrogen is generated in step 2 or obtained by means of air separation.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the oxygen that is reacted with the carbonaceous fuel to generate electricity contains carbon dioxide.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen is 0.01-9:1, preferably 0.25-4:1.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the water produced in step 2 is recycled for use in the electrolyzed water process of step 1.
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| CN202310016512.6A CN116054211A (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | Method for generating power by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing or carbon-containing fuel and oxygen to react and couple peak shaving energy storage to consume green electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emission |
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| CN202310016512.6A CN116054211A (en) | 2023-01-06 | 2023-01-06 | Method for generating power by utilizing electrolytic water and nitrogen-containing or carbon-containing fuel and oxygen to react and couple peak shaving energy storage to consume green electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emission |
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