CN116044718A - Distributed compressed air energy storage system and energy storage method - Google Patents
Distributed compressed air energy storage system and energy storage method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116044718A CN116044718A CN202310202543.0A CN202310202543A CN116044718A CN 116044718 A CN116044718 A CN 116044718A CN 202310202543 A CN202310202543 A CN 202310202543A CN 116044718 A CN116044718 A CN 116044718A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a distributed compressed air energy storage system and an energy storage method, wherein the compressed air energy storage system comprises at least two air chamber structures; at least one air chamber structure is filled with pressure liquid, and the other air chamber structures are used for storing high-pressure air; the pressure liquid is communicated with each other between the air chamber structures; the air chamber structure comprises a pressure-bearing shell and a flexible air film; the flexible air film is attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell through the magnetic adsorption effect of the fixing piece and the pressure-bearing shell. The compressed air energy storage system can directly store high-pressure air in the air chamber structure without energy conversion loss; and the air chamber structure is tightly attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell through a flexible air film without mechanical damage. According to the method, the pressure liquid circulates in the structures of the plurality of air chambers for storing high-pressure air, the high-pressure air is released in a constant pressure and full capacity mode, a small amount of pressure liquid is utilized, the pressure liquid circulates between the air chamber structures without volume loss, and potential energy resource supply is remarkably reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of storage, in particular to a distributed compressed air energy storage system and an energy storage method.
Background
Along with the large-scale utilization of new energy, energy storage has become an indispensable link in the global energy transformation process. Particularly in the scenes of large-scale new energy bases and the like, the energy storage technology support with large scale, long time, high efficiency and low cost is more needed. Among the numerous energy storage technologies, compressed air energy storage systems are widely recognized as clearly one of the most competitive routes to large-scale electrical energy storage technologies. The technical principle of the compressed air energy storage technology is as follows: in the electricity consumption valley period of the power grid, the compressor is driven to work by utilizing electric energy, and air is compressed to a preset high-pressure value from atmospheric pressure and stored in the air storage tank; and in the electricity consumption peak period, compressed high-pressure air is acted by a turbine to drive a generator to generate electricity.
The related compressed air energy storage technology can be divided into two types of constant-pressure energy storage and variable-pressure (or constant-volume) energy storage, wherein the constant-pressure energy storage is an ideal mode for the construction of a compressed air energy storage power station. However, in order to ensure the constant pressure output of the compressed air energy storage system, the constant pressure of the hydrostatic system, such as the constant pressure of the sea water bottom, the constant pressure of the underground reservoir and the like, is required, and not only strict requirements are put on geological conditions of the project location, but also the construction investment cost of the system is greatly increased, so that the running economy is poor. For example, CN114718684a discloses a gravity hydraulic compressed air energy storage system and method, wherein the construction investment of the energy storage system is huge due to the huge gravity scale required for the hydraulic shaft; in addition, the volume of the pressure liquid is required to be larger when the energy storage system operates, so that huge water resource waste is caused; the gas storage is also required to have a larger volume to accommodate the pressure liquid and the high-pressure air, so that the construction investment cost is further increased, and the engineering practicability and the operation economy of the energy storage system in the related technology are poor.
In addition, as can be seen from the above description, the gas storage is an important component of the compressed air energy storage technology, and technical schemes of adopting an underground gas storage and a high-pressure steel tank as the gas storage are proposed in many schemes at present; however, geological resources for building the underground gas storage are scarce, and the cost of the high-pressure steel tank as the gas storage can not meet engineering requirements. In the scheme of using the surrounding rock artificial tunnel structure as a gas storage for storing high-pressure gas underground, the sealing performance and strength of the surrounding rock artificial tunnel cannot meet the requirement of high-pressure gas storage, the surrounding rock artificial tunnel structure is poor in environmental adaptability and has special requirements on geological conditions, and the surrounding rock artificial tunnel structure has various limitations, and is complex in construction process and high in construction cost. In the prior art, CN207316457U proposes a prestressed concrete pressure vessel for storing high-capacity high-pressure fluid medium, wherein a large empty drum is easily formed between a steel liner and a reinforced concrete casing because the steel liner and the reinforced concrete casing are not integrally formed, and after the prestressed concrete pressure vessel bears pressure, the steel liner therein increases the risk of deformation and cracking. In addition, in the scheme, the problem of displacement deformation of the pressure vessel caused by hard connection of the steel lining and the reinforced concrete due to different expansion coefficients and the problem of potential safety hazard of cracks and deformation caused by operation of the prestressed concrete pressure vessel are solved, and no solution is proposed. In addition, in the scheme that the sealing film is arranged on the inner surface of the reinforced concrete shell, the sealing film is directly fixed on the inner surface of the reinforced concrete shell, or the sealing film is directly placed in the shell of the reinforced concrete shell. Wherein the sealing film is directly fixed on the inner surface of the reinforced concrete shell by an anchoring structure; the arrangement of the anchoring structure breaks the tightness of the sealing film and increases the tearing risk of the sealing film. If the sealing film is directly placed in the reinforced concrete shell, the sealing film is freely folded and compressed and expanded along with the filling and releasing of high-capacity high-pressure fluid medium, and the sealing film is not reversible due to the fact that the compression folding is damaged for a plurality of times, the service life of the sealing film is shortened, and the maintenance cost and the operation risk of the compressed air energy storage system are increased.
Therefore, how to provide a compressed air energy storage system, which can store ultra-large capacity gas with the size of millions of cubic meters or more, and reduce the investment cost of the compressed air energy storage system, and improve the operation economy, stability and safety of the energy storage system is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the present application aims to provide a distributed compressed air energy storage system and an energy storage method, wherein the compressed air energy storage system can directly store high-pressure air in an air chamber structure without energy conversion loss; the air chamber structure is tightly attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell through the magnetic adsorption effect of the fixing piece and the pressure-bearing shell by the flexible air film, and the air chamber structure has the characteristics of simple structure, good sealing performance, no leakage and the like, and greatly improves the operation stability, the sealing performance and the safety of the compressed air energy storage system. In addition, the pressure liquid is circulated in the air chamber structures, the high-pressure air is released in a constant pressure and full capacity mode, a small amount of pressure liquid is utilized, circulation among the air chamber structures is achieved without volume loss, and potential energy resource supply is remarkably reduced.
According to a first aspect of the present application there is provided a distributed compressed air energy storage system comprising:
at least two air cell structures; at least one air chamber structure is filled with pressure liquid, and the rest air chamber structures are used for storing high-pressure air; the pressure liquid is communicated with each other between the air chamber structures; wherein the air chamber structure comprises a pressure-bearing shell and a flexible air film; the flexible air film is attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell through the magnetic adsorption effect of the fixing piece and the pressure-bearing shell;
the compressor unit is connected with the gas port of the air chamber structure and is used for introducing high-pressure air into the air chamber structure; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
And the expansion unit is connected with the gas port of the air chamber structure, so that high-pressure air stored in the air chamber structure is introduced into the expansion unit to perform work and generate power.
In some embodiments, the pressure-bearing shell is an integrally formed structure formed by a metal ring layer and a reinforced concrete layer; the fixing piece is a magnetic block and/or a magnetic ring which have magnetic adsorption effect with the metal ring layer and is used for attaching and fixing the flexible air film on the periphery of the inner wall of the metal ring layer.
In some embodiments, a flexible connection is also included; the flexible connecting piece comprises an expansion joint arranged on the metal ring layer and/or a flexible filling part arranged between the reinforced concrete layer and the metal ring layer.
In some embodiments, the reinforced concrete layer is internally provided with prestressed steel wire bundles; each of the prestressed wire bundles comprises a plurality of steel strands.
In some embodiments, the plenum structure is provided with a pressure balance in communication with the plenum structure; the pressure balancing piece is used for balancing the internal and external air pressures of the air chamber structure when the pressure liquid in the air chamber structure flows out.
In some embodiments, the flexible gas membrane is a pressure resistant membrane or bladder made of PVDF flexible material or nitrile rubber.
In some embodiments, the liquid ports of the air chamber structure are communicated by utilizing a hydraulic pipeline; a plurality of liquid pump assemblies and a plurality of liquid valves are arranged on the hydraulic pipeline; the liquid pump assemblies are arranged between the adjacent air chamber structures, and the liquid valve is arranged at the liquid through hole of each air chamber structure.
In some embodiments, the liquid pump assembly is for transferring pressurized liquid in the air chamber structure into the air chamber structure storing high pressure air, the liquid pump assembly including a liquid pump and a control valve connected to the liquid pump.
In some embodiments, the gas ports of the gas chamber structure are communicated by a gas pressure pipeline; a plurality of air valves are arranged on the air pressure pipeline; each air valve is correspondingly arranged at the air port.
According to two aspects of the application, an energy storage method of a compressed air energy storage system is provided, and compressed air energy storage is performed by using the compressed air energy storage system in any embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
determining the number of a plurality of air chamber structures distributed in a modularized manner according to the compressed air reserves, and building an inner hollow type or embedded concave type matrix; a metal ring layer with a flexible air film is arranged in the matrix, the metal ring layer is used as an inner layer pouring template, and a reinforced concrete layer is formed by one-step pouring along the outer side of the metal ring layer;
at least one air chamber structure in the initial stage is filled with pressure liquid; when in an energy storage working condition, the compressor unit compresses air to generate high-pressure air and sends the high-pressure air into the rest air chamber structure; when the energy release working condition is adopted, the pressure liquid in at least one air chamber structure is simultaneously input into the air chamber structure filled with high-pressure air until the pressure liquid in the air chamber structure completely displaces the high-pressure air; and meanwhile, all high-pressure air in the air chamber structure enters an expansion unit to expand and do work.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gas chamber according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the plenum structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a gas chamber according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a gas chamber according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is another state diagram of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of air cells in a compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution connection of air cells within a compressed air energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a method of storing energy in a compressed air energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application;
in the figure, 1000, a compressed air energy storage system; 1. a gas cell structure; 11. a gas port; 12. a liquid port; 13. a pressure balance member; 131. a vent hole; 101. a reinforced concrete layer; 102. a metal ring layer; 1021. an expansion joint; 103. a flexible air film; 104. a fixing member; 105. a flexible filling portion; 2. a compressor unit; 3. an expansion unit; 4. a hydraulic line; 5. a liquid pump assembly; 51. a liquid pump; 52. a control valve; 6. a liquid valve; 7. an air pressure pipeline; 8. and an air valve.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Examples of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The examples described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
According to a first aspect of the present application, a compressed air energy storage system 1000 is presented, comprising at least two air chamber structures 1, a compressor assembly 2 and an expander assembly 3; the air chamber structure 1 is provided with a gas port 11 for entering and exiting compressed air and a liquid port 12 for entering and exiting pressure liquid, as shown in fig. 8, the compressor unit 2 is connected with the gas port 11 of the air chamber structure 1 and is used for introducing compressed air into the air chamber structure 1; the expansion unit 3 is connected with the gas port 11 of the air chamber structure 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 9, so that compressed air stored in the air chamber structure 1 is introduced into the expansion unit 3 to do work and generate electricity; the compressor unit 2 and the expander unit 3 are all conventional in the art, and will not be described again. The compressed air to be stored is stored in the plurality of air chamber structures 1, the compressed air can be pre-stored in the plurality of air chamber structures 1 after being split charging, the large-scale air chamber structures 1 are integrated into small-sized modularized distributed arrangement, the air chamber structures 1 can be flexibly arranged without being limited by regions, and the environmental adaptability and the use flexibility of the air chamber structures 1 are enhanced.
Wherein at least one air chamber structure 1 is filled with pressure liquid, and the rest air chamber structures 1 are used for storing compressed air; the pressurized liquid between the air cell structures 1 is communicated with each other. In other words, of the at least two interconnected air cell structures 1, at least one air cell structure 1 is filled with a pressure liquid, and the remaining air cell structures 1 are used for storing compressed air. It is known that the air chamber structure 1 may be two or more than two, wherein the pressure liquid fills at least one air chamber structure 1 and the pressure liquid between the air chamber structures 1 is communicated with each other. As shown in fig. 1, there may be two air chamber structures 1, one air chamber structure 1 stores compressed air, and the other air chamber structure 1 is full of pressure liquid, that is, the volume of one air chamber structure 1 is equal to the volume of the pressure liquid; wherein the air chamber structure 1 is provided with a gas port 11 for inputting and outputting compressed air and a liquid port 12 for inputting and outputting pressure liquid; according to the flow characteristics of the compressed air and the pressure liquid, the liquid port 12 is arranged at the bottom of the air chamber structure 1, and the air port 11 is arranged at the top of the air chamber structure 1.
Therefore, the compressed air energy storage system 1000 in this embodiment has a simple structure, is easy to implement, and has low cost, and in the energy storage working condition stage, the compressor unit 2 only needs to compress air to generate compressed air and send the compressed air into the air chamber structure 1 without pressure liquid, so that the compressed air is directly stored without energy conversion loss; when the energy release working condition stage is carried out, the compressed air is input into the air chamber structure 1 for storing the compressed air by using pressure liquid, so that the compressed air can be conveniently, efficiently and stably output in a constant pressure full capacity by using a small amount of pressure liquid circulation, and the compressed air capacity can be reduced by more than 40%. In addition, through the cyclic application of the pressure liquid in the plurality of air chamber structures 1, the reserve quantity of the pressure liquid is reduced by more than 90 percent compared with the reserve quantity of the pressure liquid in the related art, the construction scale and the investment cost of the compressed air energy storage of the air chamber structures 1 are greatly optimized, and the economic feasibility of the large-scale compressed air energy storage technology is greatly promoted.
Wherein, in the present embodiment, the air chamber structure 1 comprises a pressure-bearing shell and a flexible air film 103; the pressure-bearing shell forms a space inside to store high-capacity and high-pressure compressed air, is a sealed container with a certain containing volume, has strong supporting force and sealing performance, and can be used for heat-insulating storage of liquid and gas. The flexible air film 103 is a pressure-resistant film or an air bag made of PVDF flexible material or nitrile rubber, and is flatly and tightly attached to the inner wall of the metal ring layer 102 through the adsorption action of the fixing piece 104 and the pressure-bearing shell, so that the flexible air film 103 can be attached and fixed without structural damage on the premise of not damaging or damaging the flexible air film 103. Compared with the technical scheme that the sealing film is damaged by utilizing the anchoring structure in the related art, the tearing risk of the sealing film and the operation risk of the air chamber structure 1 are greatly reduced; compared with the scheme that the sealing film is directly placed in the pressure-bearing shell, the flexible air film 103 is free from irreversible folding damage, and the service life is prolonged.
In some embodiments, the pressure-bearing shell is an integrally formed structure of a metal ring layer 102 and a reinforced concrete layer 101; the fixing member 104 is a magnetic block and/or a magnetic ring having magnetic attraction with the metal ring layer 102, and is used for attaching and fixing the flexible air film 103 on the inner wall circumference side of the metal ring layer 102.
The pressure-bearing shell comprises a metal ring layer 102 and a reinforced concrete layer 101, wherein the reinforced concrete layer 101 uses the metal ring layer 102 as an inner layer pouring template, prestressed concrete is poured and formed at one time along the outer side of the metal ring layer 102, and after the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the metal ring layer 102 are solidified, the pressure-bearing shell with an integrated structure is obtained. In this embodiment, the reinforced concrete layer 101 uses the metal ring layer 102 as an inner layer pouring template and is formed by one-step pouring along the outer side of the metal ring layer 102, so that the phenomenon of hollowing between the metal ring layer 102 and the reinforced concrete layer 101 can be effectively avoided when compressed air is filled into the pressure bearing shell for bearing pressure, the risk of deformation and cracking of the metal ring layer 102 after bearing pressure is reduced, and the operation safety and stability of the air chamber structure 1 are improved.
As illustrated in fig. 2 and 3; the fixing piece 104 is a magnetic block, the magnetic block has a circular structure and comprises a plurality of magnetic blocks, the magnetic blocks are dispersed on the flexible air film 103, and the flexible air film 103 is attached to the periphery of the inner wall of the metal ring layer 102; as shown in fig. 4, the magnetic block is a ring-shaped magnetic ring attached to the inside of the metal ring layer 102, and the flexible air film 103 is attached to the inner wall circumference side of the metal ring layer 102.
It can be known that the metal ring layer 102 is made of a material having magnetic attraction to the magnetic blocks, and the metal ring layer 102 can be made of a steel material having magnetic permeability. In some embodiments, in view of the alkaline corrosion environment in the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the empty environment between the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the metal ring layer 102 provides conditions for corrosion erosion of the metal ring layer 102, the concrete material can be poured after the outer surface of the metal ring layer 102 is subjected to acid-washing, alkali-washing and passivation, so that the air tightness of the air chamber structure 1 is further improved, and double insurance of sealing performance is realized.
In summary, as shown in the above description, the air chamber structure 1 in this embodiment adopts a sandwich-type sandwich structure design scheme of the flexible air film 103-the metal ring layer 102-the reinforced concrete layer 101 from inside to outside, and the reinforced concrete layer 101 provides the compressive strength of the air chamber structure 1 and can reduce the input cost. In this embodiment, the metal ring layer 102 and the reinforced concrete layer 101 are integrally formed, so that the compressive strength of the air chamber structure 1 is improved, and meanwhile, the metal ring layer 102 and the flexible air film 103 have tightness, the tightness of the air chamber structure 1 is enhanced due to superposition of the tightness of the metal ring layer 102 and the flexible air film 103, double insurance and management of the tightness of the air chamber structure 1 are realized, the operation stability of the air chamber structure 1 is greatly improved, and the possibility of explosion failure is avoided. Therefore, the unique structural design of the air chamber structure 1 has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenient construction, high strength, good sealing performance and the like, and has popularization and application values in the fields of compressed air energy storage artificial air pockets, natural gas reservoirs and the like.
In some embodiments, the plenum structure 1 further comprises a flexible connection; the flexible connection comprises an expansion joint 1021 provided on the eyelet layer 102 and/or a flexible filler 105 provided between the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the eyelet layer 102.
Wherein the flexible connector comprises an expansion joint 1021 arranged on the metal ring layer 102; or the flexible connection comprises a flexible filler 105 disposed between the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the eyelet layer 102; or the flexible connection unit includes an expansion joint 1021 provided on the eyelet layer 102 and a flexible filling portion 105 provided between the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the eyelet layer 102 and corresponding to the expansion joint 1021.
Wherein the metal ring layer 102 is a prefabricated pressure vessel formed by pressing a steel plate with the thickness of 20mm-34mm, so that the metal ring layer 102 achieves a certain structural support. In some embodiments, the metal ring layer 102 in each air cell structure 1 is a seamless integrated structure formed by pressing, which greatly improves the tightness of the air cell structure 1. It can be known that, after the air chamber structure 1 adopts the modularized distributed layout scheme, the capacity of the single air chamber structure 1 is reduced, the metal ring layer 102 can be prefabricated and formed in a factory, and the flexible air film 103 can be smoothly arranged. In the working condition, under the condition that the storage quantity of the compressed air is unchanged, the quality control difficulty of large-scale forming is reduced, and the construction cost of the whole large-scale air chamber structure 1 is further reduced.
The expansion coefficients of the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the metal ring layer 102 are different, so that the metal ring layer 102 inevitably has shrinkage, and when the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the metal ring layer 102 are directly hard-connected, cracks are easily generated at the hard-connected position of the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the metal ring layer 102, and the air chamber structure 1 is deformed, so that the service life of the air chamber structure 1 is influenced. In some embodiments, a flexible medium may be mixed into a concrete material poured to form the reinforced concrete layer 101, for example, an epoxy resin, asphalt, glass fiber, or other additives may be added to the concrete material to modify the concrete material to form a prestressed concrete material (also referred to as a flexible concrete material), which is a common material in the art and will not be described herein. The flexible concrete material can only alleviate the displacement problem caused by the expansion of the metal ring layer 102 and the potential safety hazard brought by the displacement problem to a certain extent when the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the metal ring layer 102 are directly and rigidly connected, and the possibility of explosion failure of the air chamber structure cannot be completely eradicated.
The small-scale air chamber structure 1 can perform batch prefabrication production on the metal ring layer 102, is used for bearing partial pressure and basic sealing performance of compressed air, and compared with the prior art, the air chamber structure 1 has the advantages that the metal ring layer 102 can be assembled and welded only on site, and the building time of the air chamber structure 1 is greatly shortened. Thus, when using the eyelet layer 102 of a seamless integrated structure, the flexible connection member includes a flexible filler 105 disposed between the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the eyelet layer 102, and it is understood that filling with a flexible filler between the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the eyelet layer 102 may create a flexible filler 105, and the flexible filler 105 alleviates displacement problems caused by expansion of the eyelet layer 102 to some extent, as shown in fig. 6. For example, the flexible material is filled on the reinforced concrete layer 101 toward the metal ring layer 102 to form the flexible filling portion 105, and the known flexible material is flexible cement, a rubber interlayer, or the like, where the flexible cement may be a common commercially available material, and no special component is not described herein.
However, in some embodiments, because the capacity of the single air chamber structure 1 is larger, when the metal ring layer 102 with a seamless integrated structure cannot be used, the metal ring layer 102 can be divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section and the lower section are formed by splicing steel plates with the thickness of 20mm-34mm, and the two sections are connected by using expansion joints 1021, wherein the expansion joints 1021 can be wave expansion joints as shown in fig. 5. Therefore, the arrangement of the expansion joint 1021 can reduce the internal stress of the pressure-bearing shell when the reinforced concrete layer 101 or the metal ring layer 102 is contracted, can completely avoid local stress fracture of the metal ring layer 102, and reduces the fracture probability of the air chamber structure 1 caused by displacement risk, wherein the flexible air film 103 is adaptively adjusted along with the bending of the expansion joint 1021 in the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 5, the metal ring layer 102 is divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section and the lower section of the metal ring layer 102 are connected by using a waveform expansion joint by adopting steel plates with the thickness of 20mm-34mm for splicing and forming, and the outer side of the metal ring layer 102 is a flexible concrete layer. Preferably, in this embodiment, a flexible filling portion 105 may be disposed between the waveform expansion joint and the flexible concrete layer, and the flexible filling portion 105 is disposed around the waveform expansion joint, where the flexible filling portion 105 and the flexible concrete layer adapt to the shape of the waveform expansion joint, as shown in fig. 7.
In some embodiments, in order to alleviate the corrosion problem caused by the contact of the outer side of the metal ring layer 102 with concrete, the flexible filling portion 105 may also be a rubber interlayer (not shown) sleeved on the outer side of the metal ring layer 102, and the solution in this embodiment may solve the problem that the metal ring layer 102 and the reinforced concrete layer 101 deform due to the different elastic moduli, and buffer the interface stress of the contact interface of the metal ring layer 102 and the reinforced concrete layer, and also improve the corrosion problem of the metal ring layer 102.
In the embodiment, the flexible concrete layer, the flexible filling part 105 and the expansion joint 1021 are used for cooperation, so that the internal stress of the pressure-bearing shell is greatly reduced, and the risk of cracking of the pressure-bearing shell is avoided. In addition, as can be seen, the reinforced concrete layer 101 is used as a main strength supporting structure of the air chamber structure 1, and is formed by casting at one time on a construction site, so that the air tightness and strength hidden trouble of the air chamber are avoided from being reduced on the construction joint surface. The steel bar grade, the reinforcement design, the concrete label and the thickness in the reinforced concrete layer 101 are all determined by the pressure proof check calculation of the air chamber structure 1 and the pressure proof capability design of the metal ring layer 102 comprehensively considered, which is a specific construction method and is a conventional technical means in the field, and will not be described in detail.
In some embodiments, the reinforced concrete layer 101 is internally distributed with prestressed wire bundles (not shown); each prestressed wire bundle comprises a plurality of steel strands. The prestressed wire bundles in the reinforced concrete layer 101 bear internal pressure, and have a large margin for bearing rated operating pressure, so that the safety of the prestressed wire bundles is still guaranteed, and even though the reinforced concrete layer 101 possibly cracks at a plurality of positions, the prestressed wire bundles are still intact for keeping the air chamber structure 1 intact.
In some embodiments, the air chamber structure 1 is provided with a pressure balance 13 in communication with the air chamber structure 1; the pressure balance member 13 is used to balance the air pressure inside and outside the air chamber structure 1 when the pressure liquid in the air chamber structure 1 flows out.
Wherein a pressure balance member 13 is arranged on the air chamber structure 1, wherein the pressure balance member 13 is communicated with the air chamber structure 1 and is used for balancing the air pressure inside and outside the air chamber structure 1. It can be known that, in the air chamber structure 1 storing the pressure liquid, in order to realize smooth outflow of the pressure liquid and prevent structural damage to the air chamber structure 1 when the pressure liquid is transferred, a pressure balancing member 13 for balancing the internal and external pressures of the air chamber structure 1 can be provided, so as to ensure that the internal and external pressures of the air chamber structure 1 storing the pressure liquid are the same when the pressure liquid is transferred. As shown in fig. 8, the air chamber structure 1 can be provided with vent holes 131 to realize the same internal and external pressure of the air chamber structure 1; however, in order to ensure the storage tightness of the air chamber structure 1, the pressure balance member 13 includes a communication pipe; the communicating pipe is a pipeline structure with two open ends, the communicating pipe and the air chamber structure 1 are integrally formed, one end of the communicating pipe is fixed at the top of the air chamber structure 1, the other end of the communicating pipe is provided with a communicating valve, the communicating valve can be closed or opened according to the working condition of the compressed air energy storage system 1000, and the sealing of the air chamber structure 1 is realized under the condition that the communicating valve is closed; the balance of the internal and external air pressures of the air chamber structure 1 is realized under the condition that the communication valve is opened.
In some embodiments, the liquid ports 12 of the air chamber structure 1 are communicated by utilizing the hydraulic pipeline 4; a plurality of liquid pump assemblies 5 and a plurality of liquid valves 6 are arranged on the hydraulic pipeline 4; a liquid pump assembly 5 is arranged between the adjacent air chamber structures 1, and a liquid valve 6 is arranged at a liquid through hole 12 of each air chamber structure 1.
In the embodiment, the liquid ports 12 of the air chamber structures 1 are communicated by utilizing a hydraulic pipeline 4, as shown in fig. 5, wherein the hydraulic pipeline 4 is of a claw-shaped structure and comprises a main flow pipeline and a plurality of branch flow channels; the two ends of the branch flow channels are respectively communicated with the main flow pipeline and the liquid port 12 of the air chamber structure 1, wherein the liquid valve 6 is matched with the branch flow channels, namely, one liquid valve 6 corresponds to one branch flow channel and is used for controlling the flow rate of the branch flow channel and whether the branch flow channel is circulated or closed; the liquid pump assembly 5 is arranged on a main flow pipeline between adjacent branch flow passages and is used for pumping pressure liquid in the air chamber structure 1 and is matched with the liquid valve 6 on the branch flow passages to realize the flow transfer of the pressure liquid in different air chamber structures 1. The liquid pump assembly 5 comprises, for example, a liquid pump 51 and a control valve 52 connected to the liquid pump 51, wherein the control valve 52 is located upstream of the liquid pump 51, depending on the flow direction of the pressurized liquid. It is known that the liquid pump 51 can provide a conveying force for the pressure liquid in the transfer air chamber structure 1, and the control valve 52 can control the flow rate of the pressure liquid flowing through the main flow pipe, wherein the flow rate of the pressure liquid can be 0.
In some embodiments, the gas ports 11 of the gas chamber structure 1 are communicated by using a gas pressure pipeline 7; the air pressure pipeline 7 is provided with a plurality of air valves 8; each gas valve 8 is correspondingly arranged at the gas through hole 11.
The gas ports 11 of each gas chamber structure 1 in the present embodiment are communicated by using a gas pressure pipeline 7 as shown in fig. 9, wherein the gas pressure pipeline 7 may be exemplified as a claw-shaped structure comprising a main pipeline and a plurality of branch pipelines; wherein both ends of the branch pipe are respectively communicated with the main pipe and the gas port 11 of the gas chamber structure 1, wherein the gas valve 8 is matched with the branch pipe for use, namely, one gas valve 8 corresponds to one branch pipe and is used for controlling the compressed air flow in the branch pipe, wherein the flow of the compressed air can be 0. For example, the air valve 8 may be opened or closed under different conditions of the compressed air energy storage system 1000: when the compressed air energy storage system 1000 is in an energy storage working condition stage, the air valves 8 of all the air chamber structures 1 except the air chamber structures 1 storing pressure liquid are opened; during the energy release working condition stage of the compressed air energy storage system 1000, the air valves 8 on the air chamber structure 1 receiving the pressure liquid are opened, and the air valves 8 on the other air chamber structures 1 are closed.
According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided an energy storage method of a compressed air energy storage system 1000, as shown in fig. 10, where the method uses the compressed air energy storage system 1000 according to any one of the embodiments described above to store energy of compressed air; the method comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the quantity of the air chamber structures 1 which are distributed in a modularized manner according to the compressed air reserves, building an internal hollow or embedded concave matrix, installing metal ring layers 102 with flexible air films 103 in batches in the matrix, taking the metal ring layers 102 as inner layer pouring templates, and pouring and forming the metal ring layers along the outer sides of the metal ring layers 102 at one time to prepare reinforced concrete layers 101;
s2: at least one air chamber structure in the initial stage is filled with pressure liquid; compressed air is sent into the air chamber structure 1 which does not store pressure liquid under the working condition of energy storage; and in the energy release working condition, the pressure liquid in at least one air chamber structure 1 simultaneously inputs the pressure liquid into the air chamber structure 1 filled with the compressed air, and the compressed air enters the expansion unit 3 to do work.
In the step S1, the number of the plurality of modularized distributed air chamber structures 1 is determined according to the design of the compressed air energy storage system 1000, and the site selection area of the air chamber structure 1 is determined by examining the survey address condition, wherein the modularized distributed air chamber structure 1 is designed, the air chamber structure 1 can be buried by soil or can be independently arranged in open air, is not limited by the region, is not limited by the geological hydrologic condition, and also remarkably reduces the engineering construction difficulty. Alternatively, the site selection area may be a hard geographical environment, hard being a stony and sandy soil, and less groundwater area. At the selected gas storage location, an inner hollow or embedded concave matrix is dug manually or mechanically, and the structural shape and size of the matrix are larger than those of the steel lining, so that the metal ring layer 102 can be conveniently installed. Because the metal ring layer 102 is a structure which is prefabricated in advance in a factory and is provided with the expansion joint 1021, a plurality of metal ring layers 102 can be installed in batch according to the size of a matrix, after the metal ring layer 102 is arranged, the metal ring layer 102 is used as an inner layer pouring template, and is formed by one-time pouring along the outer side of the metal ring layer 102 to form the reinforced concrete layer 101, and a flexible filling part 105 is arranged between the reinforced concrete layer 101 and the expansion joint 1021; and a flexible air film 103 is provided in the metal loop layer 102. The air chamber structure 1 of the present application enables mass production through the construction mode of combining the factory prefabricated member metal ring layer 102 with the burial depth of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete layer 101, and has the advantages of stronger structure, construction and application in terms of engineering quality, engineering progress, environmental impact reliability and the like.
Taking the compressed air of 10Mpa to be stored as an example, a 100MWh energy storage system needs to have a total volume of 2 square air chamber structure 1, and 20 air chamber structures 1 (about 1000 square/unit) are needed in the application, and the air chamber structure 1 is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, cylindrical, groove-shaped, or the like. By way of example, the air chamber structure 1 is constructed by means of a soil-covered landfill method, wherein the air chamber structure 1 comprises a pressure-bearing shell and a flexible air film 103, wherein the pressure-bearing shell is cylindrical and is provided with a hemispherical structure, wherein the inner radius of the pressure-bearing shell is r 5m, the height of the pressure-bearing shell is 6m, the thickness of the metal ring layer 102 is 20mm, the thickness of the reinforced concrete layer 101 matched with the metal ring layer 102 is about 1m, and the use of steel materials is reduced due to the fact that the main material is concrete, and the raw material cost is low.
In S2, at least one air chamber structure 1 in the initial stage is filled with a pressure liquid; during the energy storage working condition, the compressor unit 2 compresses air to generate compressed air, and the compressed air is sent into the air chamber structure 1 which does not store pressure liquid; and in the energy release working condition, the pressure liquid in at least one air chamber structure 1 simultaneously inputs the pressure liquid into the air chamber structure 1 filled with the compressed air, and meanwhile, the compressed air in the air chamber structure 1 enters the expansion unit 3 to push the expansion unit 3 to do work.
The fact that at least one air chamber structure 1 is filled with the pressure liquid is understood as that one, two or more air chamber structures 1 are filled with the pressure liquid, wherein the compressed air energy storage system 1000 in the embodiment is mainly used for storing compressed air to realize energy storage, so that more air chamber structures 1 need to be ensured to store the compressed air in application, and more air chamber structures 1 for storing the pressure liquid are not suitable.
As shown in fig. 9, three air chamber structures 1 are illustrated, and for convenience of description, the three air chamber structures 1 are sequentially numbered one, two and three in the direction from right to left in the figure; the first air chamber structure 1 stores pressure liquid; compressed air is stored in the second air chamber structure 1 and the third air chamber structure 1; when in an energy storage working condition, the air valves 8 on the second and third air chamber structures 1 are opened, the air valves 8 on the first air chamber structure 1 are kept closed, and meanwhile, the liquid valves 6 and the communication valves 133 on the first, second and third air chamber structures 1 are kept closed, and the compressor unit 2 compresses air to generate compressed air to be sent into the second and third air chamber structures 1;
when the energy release working condition is adopted, a liquid valve 6 and a communication valve 133 on the first air chamber structure 1 are opened, a liquid valve 6 and an air valve 8 on the second air chamber structure 1 are opened, a liquid pump 51 and a control valve 52 between the first air chamber structure 1 and the second air chamber structure 1 are opened, and pressure liquid in the first air chamber structure 1 is gradually transferred into the second air chamber structure 1; meanwhile, compressed air in the second air chamber structure 1 enters the expansion unit 3 to push the expansion unit 3 to do work; the process is circulated, so that the pressure liquid in the second air chamber structure 1 is gradually transferred into the third air chamber structure 1, and finally the stored compressed air is released in a constant pressure and full capacity mode by circulating a small amount of pressure liquid in the plurality of air chamber structures 1, and potential energy resource supply is remarkably reduced.
It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and further implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present application in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A distributed compressed air energy storage system, comprising:
at least two air cell structures; at least one air chamber structure is filled with pressure liquid, and the rest air chamber structures are used for storing high-pressure air; the pressure liquid is communicated with each other between the air chamber structures; wherein the air chamber structure comprises a pressure-bearing shell and a flexible air film; the flexible air film is attached to the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell through the magnetic adsorption effect of the fixing piece and the pressure-bearing shell;
the compressor unit is connected with the gas port of the air chamber structure and is used for introducing high-pressure air into the air chamber structure; a kind of electronic device with high-pressure air-conditioning system
And the expansion unit is connected with the gas port of the air chamber structure, so that high-pressure air stored in the air chamber structure is introduced into the expansion unit to perform work and generate power.
2. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the pressure-bearing housing is an integrally formed structure of a metal ring layer and a reinforced concrete layer; the fixing piece is a magnetic block and/or a magnetic ring which have magnetic adsorption effect with the metal ring layer and is used for attaching and fixing the flexible air film on the periphery of the inner wall of the metal ring layer.
3. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 2, further comprising a flexible connection; the flexible connecting piece comprises an expansion joint arranged on the metal ring layer and/or a flexible filling part arranged between the reinforced concrete layer and the metal ring layer.
4. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the reinforced concrete layer has prestressed wire bundles distributed therein; each of the prestressed wire bundles comprises a plurality of steel strands.
5. The compressed air energy storage system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein a pressure balance member is provided on the air cell structure in communication with the air cell structure; the pressure balancing piece is used for balancing the internal and external air pressures of the air chamber structure when the pressure liquid in the air chamber structure flows out.
6. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the flexible gas membrane is a pressure resistant membrane or bladder made of PVDF flexible material or nitrile rubber.
7. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 5, wherein the liquid ports of the air chamber structure are communicated by a hydraulic pipeline; a plurality of liquid pump assemblies and a plurality of liquid valves are arranged on the hydraulic pipeline; the liquid pump assemblies are arranged between the adjacent air chamber structures, and the liquid valve is arranged at the liquid through hole of each air chamber structure.
8. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 7, wherein said liquid pump assembly is for transferring pressurized liquid in said air chamber structure into said air chamber structure storing high pressure air, said liquid pump assembly including a liquid pump and a control valve connected to said liquid pump.
9. The compressed air energy storage system of claim 5, wherein said gas ports of said plenum structure are in communication with each other by means of a pneumatic line; a plurality of air valves are arranged on the air pressure pipeline; each air valve is correspondingly arranged at the air port.
10. A method of storing energy in a compressed air energy storage system, wherein compressed air energy is stored using the compressed air energy storage system of any one of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
determining the number of air chamber structures according to the compressed air reserves and building an inner hollow or embedded concave matrix; installing a metal ring layer of a flexible air film in the matrix, taking the metal ring layer as an inner layer pouring template, and performing one-time pouring molding along the outer side of the metal ring layer to prepare a reinforced concrete layer;
at least one air chamber structure in the initial stage is filled with pressure liquid; when in an energy storage working condition, the compressor unit compresses air to generate high-pressure air and sends the high-pressure air into the rest air chamber structure; when the energy release working condition is adopted, the pressure liquid in at least one air chamber structure is simultaneously input into the air chamber structure filled with high-pressure air until the pressure liquid in the air chamber structure completely displaces the high-pressure air; and meanwhile, all high-pressure air in the air chamber structure enters an expansion unit to expand and do work.
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