CN116044495A - Mining area wastewater treatment method - Google Patents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and discloses a mining area wastewater treatment method, which comprises the following steps: building surface water drainage channels communicated with all mines in a mining area, wherein the surface water drainage channels are communicated with downstream water channels to realize intercepting drainage of rainwater, so that the supply of surface water to mine supplementary water sources is reduced to the greatest extent; plugging all mines in a mining area, and blocking the underground water runoff entering the mining pit to the maximum extent; a dewatering drainage well is arranged at a position, close to a mine, in a mining area, wherein the dewatering drainage well comprises a well hole and a well pipe, and the well hole sequentially penetrates through an upper water-bearing layer and the mining layer and then extends into a lower water-bearing layer below the mining layer; the invention provides a mining area wastewater treatment method, which solves the problem that the prior art cannot realize the effective treatment of wastewater generation from the source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a mining area wastewater treatment method.
Background
The mine area groundwater takes atmospheric precipitation as a main supply source, and the precipitation is polluted by the ore-bearing stratum after penetrating into the ore-bearing stratum, so that acid mine water gushing exists in the mine for a long time, a large amount of acid substances and metal elements such as iron, manganese and zinc are carried in the water gushing, the mine water gushing is extremely polluted, the water gushing flows through the soil nearby, the local crop yield reduction is caused, even the farmland waste is caused, and the wastewater enters the nearby water body, so that the water body is deteriorated and the environment is polluted.
The mine acidic wastewater has low pH value and strong corrosiveness, contains a plurality of heavy metal elements, can pollute large-area surface water when discharged to the surface, consumes dissolved oxygen in water, reduces the self purification capacity of the water, can have adverse effects on growth of fresh water animals and plants, and causes massive death and extinction of fish and algae plankton in water. Meanwhile, acidic wastewater can damage soil structure, possibly leading to death of crops. The acidic waste water mainly contains sulfate, the product of sulfate biodegradation mainly contains hydrogen sulfide, H2S contains toxicity and has extremely bad smell, the air is seriously polluted, and the adverse effect is caused on human bodies.
The atmospheric precipitation infiltration mode is planar infiltration and concentrated punctiform replenishment. The planar infiltration mainly penetrates through loose earth surface soil layers, the concentrated point-like infiltration mainly penetrates through karst cracks and karst channels of mining areas, and mine holes and well drilling (holes) are not closed. Atmospheric precipitation enters a water-bearing layer of a system Changxing group (P3 c) of a roof-covering two-layer system on an ore layer, and the layer is covered on the ore-bearing layer to form an indirect roof water-bearing layer of the ore deposit, so that the water-rich property is weak and medium. The layer is mainly made of medium-thickness lamellar to thick-layer limestone, and the weathering cracks, the structural cracks and the karst cracks form a groundwater infiltration channel. If the mine is not plugged, groundwater continues to infiltrate downwards under the control of topography, and enters a Longtan group (P31) on a two-layer system, the layer of water-containing medium is poor in development, poor in replenishment conditions, the topography is favorable for drainage, the water containing cracks is reserved in the layer, the layer forms a direct water-filling water-containing layer of a mineral deposit, the integrity of a rock mass is greatly destroyed in the mining process to form a plurality of old cave, a water-guiding crack zone contacts the layer, particularly the M9 coal seam is about 50M away from the bottom boundary of P3c, when the M9 coal seam is mined, a large-area goaf is formed, the ground collapse can be caused, the layer of water-containing medium is converted into a large-area permeable layer from a relative water-blocking layer, the layer of groundwater can indirectly enter a roadway through the water-guiding crack zone and the collapse zone, the water-containing layer has an influence on water filling of the roadway, the groundwater is migrated in the layer, harmful substances in the mineral layer are finally discharged at a low-lying position such as a hole opening, and the direct factor of a water-gushing hole of the mine.
Aiming at the problem of the waste water gushing out of the mine mouth, at present, the common practice is to seal the water guide cracks in the mine to realize the isolation of the waste water, namely, a curtain grouting process is adopted in a mining area to isolate the mine waste water gushing out, but the problem of the way is that even if the cracks are sealed, leakage can still occur in other places in the mine because of continuous permeation of underground water, therefore, if the mine is sealed, the isolation of the waste water can not be effectively realized, and the problem of waste water generation can not be fundamentally solved.
Of course, the sewage treatment station can be built at the downstream of the mining area, and a curtain grouting process is adopted at the mining area to isolate the mine waste water from gushing out, but the scheme has huge investment amount at the early stage and high use cost at the later stage, and the annual operation cost is also a small number, and the scheme cannot be implemented due to large investment and long construction period, and if farmland or terrains are limited by ravines and the like around the mining area, and the equipment operation also needs energy consumption, so that the scheme is unfavorable for energy conservation and environmental protection. Therefore, the combination of constructing the sewage treatment station and adopting the curtain grouting process has not only fund and construction implementation barriers, but also can not fundamentally solve the problems of the wastewater.
As described above, the mine has been subjected to long-term mining, which has resulted in pollution of surrounding soil, and thus, in order to secure physical health of surrounding residents and growth safety of crops, there has been an urgent need for providing a mining area wastewater treatment method capable of thoroughly solving the problem of mining area wastewater generation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mining area wastewater treatment method which is used for solving at least one of the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mining area wastewater treatment method mainly comprises underground water source head drainage control, key pollution and sewage isolation and sludge centralized treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
building surface water drainage channels communicated with all mines in a mining area, wherein the surface water drainage channels are communicated with downstream water channels to realize intercepting drainage of rainwater, so that the supply of surface water to mine supplementary water sources is reduced to the greatest extent;
plugging all mines in a mining area, and blocking the underground water runoff entering the mining pit to the maximum extent;
the well pipe comprises an upper permeable pipe, a middle isolation pipe and a lower permeable pipe which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the upper permeable pipe is located above the ore layer, the lower permeable pipe is located below the ore layer, and the middle isolation pipe is used for isolating the ore layer.
According to the technical scheme, the mining area wastewater treatment adopts a technical route of earth surface dredging seepage prevention and underground water drainage. On the basis of checking the hydrogeological conditions of the mining area, comprehensive treatment is carried out by adopting a mode of combining the overground and the underground, overground engineering mainly comprises construction of surface water drainage channels and mine plugging engineering, and underground engineering mainly comprises the step of arranging a plurality of dewatering drainage wells in the mining area.
Firstly, surface water is led out of a mining area through a surface water drainage channel, so that the supply of surface water to a mine supplementary water source is reduced to the greatest extent; secondly, plugging the mine, namely, plugging the underground water runoff passage is realized, so that the underground water runoff entering the mine pit is blocked to the greatest extent; in conclusion, the surface water drainage channel is built and the mine is plugged, and the surface water seepage and replenishment can be reduced by combining the surface water drainage channel with the mine. Finally, the underground water level of the mining area is reduced by adopting the dewatering drainage well, so that uncontaminated water above the mining layer is infiltrated into the lower water-containing layer through the dewatering drainage well, such as the water-containing layer of the cogongrass group, and is diffused inwards and outwards, the surface karst of the water-containing layer of the cogongrass group is relatively developed, the supplementing condition is good, the water-rich property is strong, and the drainage can be carried out through the underground river system, so that the water-gushing source of the mine is well controlled. By combining the earth surface dredging seepage prevention and underground water drainage treatment method, the technical scheme achieves the purpose of earth surface pollution-free water flow, water resources are treated from the source, water resource balance is effectively protected, and the problem of water pollution in mining areas is solved from the source at one time.
Specifically, because the well hole is arranged at the position close to the mine, the well hole sequentially passes through the upper water-bearing layer and the ore layer and then extends into the lower water-bearing layer below the ore layer, according to practical situations, the lower water-bearing layer can be a cogongrass water-bearing layer or other stratum below the layer, the well pipe comprises an upper water-permeable pipe, a middle isolation pipe and a lower water-permeable pipe which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and because the ore layer is weak in water-rich property and large in thickness, a good water-resistant layer is arranged in the ore region, and because of the existence of fine sand interlayers and lens bodies, the directional arrangement of clay particles and the like in the soil in the deposition process, the permeability coefficient in the horizontal direction is always larger than that in the vertical direction, so that under the condition that surface water does not permeate into the ore layer or only a small amount of surface water permeates into the ore layer, the upper water-permeable pipe is positioned above the ore layer to ensure that surface water smoothly permeates into the drainage well, and the surface water permeates towards the drainage well in a funnel shape by taking the center of the drainage well as a reference to the maximum extent, so that the surface water can permeate into the drainage well from the vertical direction to cause pollution layer can be reduced; the middle isolation pipe is arranged, so that isolation of an ore deposit can be realized, namely, a water source polluted by the ore deposit cannot flow into the precipitation drainage well, thereby realizing isolation of wastewater generated in the ore deposit, and water entering the precipitation drainage well cannot be influenced by the ore deposit; the arrangement of the lower permeable pipes enables the water source which is not polluted in the well to permeate into the water-containing layer of the cogongrass site group through the lower permeable pipes and diffuse to the periphery, the surface karst of the water-containing layer of the cogongrass site group is relatively developed, the supplementing condition is good, the water-rich property is strong, and the water source can be excreted through a hidden river system. According to the dewatering drainage well, surface water is led to the water-bearing layer of the cogongrass port group with high deep water permeability through the well pipe of the dewatering drainage well, when a large amount of surface water is led into the rock stratum with high deep water permeability by bypassing the mineral layer, the pollution of the surface water to the mineral layer can be greatly reduced, the water source penetrating into the mineral layer is obviously reduced, and the problem of waste water generated by mine water burst is also directly solved from the source. By implementing the technical scheme, heavy metal pollution in water and soil of a mining area can be directly reduced, the method has positive effects on solving the problem of historical carry-over of the mining area and improving the regional ecological environment, and solves the problem of mine water pollution through seepage precipitation control, and the method is small in relative investment and short in construction period.
In conclusion, the technical scheme is used for treating from the source, so that water resources are not polluted, water resource balance is effectively protected, and the problem of water pollution in mining areas is solved from the source at one time.
The first atmospheric precipitation infiltration mode is planar infiltration, and the second atmospheric precipitation infiltration mode is concentrated point-shaped replenishment. Planar infiltration mainly penetrates through loose earth surface soil layers, concentrated point-like infiltration mainly penetrates through karst rock cracks and karst channels of mining areas, and mine holes and well drilling (holes) are not closed. Atmospheric precipitation enters a water-bearing layer of a system Changxing group (P3 c) of a roof-covering two-layer system on an ore layer, and the layer is covered on the ore-bearing layer to form an indirect roof water-bearing layer of the ore deposit, so that the water-rich property is weak and medium. The layer is mainly made of medium-thickness lamellar to thick-layer limestone, and the weathering cracks, the structural cracks and the karst cracks form a groundwater infiltration channel downwards, so that the technical scheme blocks the runoff of groundwater entering a pit to the greatest extent by plugging a mine.
If the mine is not plugged, groundwater continues to infiltrate downwards under the control of topography, and enters a Longtan group (P31) on a two-layer system, the layer of water-containing medium is poor in development, poor in replenishment conditions, the topography is favorable for drainage, the water containing cracks is reserved in the layer, the layer forms a direct water-filling water-containing layer of a mineral deposit, the integrity of a rock mass is greatly destroyed in the mining process to form a plurality of old cave, a water-guiding crack zone contacts the layer, particularly the M9 coal seam is about 50M away from the bottom boundary of P3c, when the M9 coal seam is mined, a large-area goaf is formed, the ground collapse can be caused, the layer of water-containing medium is converted into a large-area permeable layer from a relative water-blocking layer, the layer of groundwater can indirectly enter a roadway through the water-guiding crack zone and the collapse zone, the water-containing layer has an influence on water filling of the roadway, the groundwater is migrated in the layer, harmful substances in the mineral layer are finally discharged at a low-lying position such as a hole opening, and the direct factor of a water-gushing hole of the mine.
Therefore, according to the technical scheme, firstly, a surface water drainage channel is designed to lead surface water out of a mining area, so that the supply of the surface water to a mine supplementary water source is reduced to the greatest extent; secondly, blocking underground water runoff entering a pit is prevented to the greatest extent by blocking the mine; finally, a dewatering drainage well is designed, and underground water penetrating into an upper water-bearing layer is introduced into the well, so that the water inflow source of a mine is well controlled, and the problem of water inflow of the mine is solved from the source.
The technical scheme can control the pollution of the mining area from the source, can realize the comprehensive treatment of the regional history carry-over polluted environment, also belongs to the related technology of regional water pollution treatment, can directly reduce the heavy metal pollution in the water body and the soil of the mining area, and has positive effects on solving the history carry-over problem and improving the regional ecological environment.
The implementation of the scheme needs regional hydrogeology investigation, and the problems of precipitation and water quality change are solved. The scheme solves the problem of mine water pollution by controlling seepage precipitation and surrounding surface drainage, and has the advantages of small relative investment and short construction period.
Furthermore, in order to achieve a better plugging effect, the plugging length of the mine can be 10m extending inwards from the opening of the mine, and the plugging length can be determined according to hydrogeological exploration results.
Furthermore, in order to realize dewatering drainage to the well near the mine in a larger area, the seepage of water flow to the mine or the mine layer is reduced, the number of the dewatering drainage wells is not less than that of the mines in the mine area, and the positions of the dewatering drainage wells are distributed in the extending direction close to the mine opening or the mine main hole.
Further, in order to promote dewatering drainage effect, in time realize the drainage to groundwater, set up three dewatering drainage well respectively in the extending direction that is close to mine entrance to a cave and mine main hole.
Further, for each well, in order to reduce groundwater contamination as much as possible, the spacing between adjacent precipitation drainage wells may be 80-150 m, specifically determined from hydrogeological test result data.
Furthermore, in order to prevent underground water from entering the mine from the collapse area and causing water burst in the mine, if the mine is provided with the collapse area, the collapse area in the mine is filled, and sludge is cleaned.
Further, the sludge in the original drainage ditch in the mining area is cleaned, and the cleaned sludge is transported away or used for filling the collapse area. The overflow of wastewater in mining areas can be reduced by cleaning the sludge in the original drainage ditch, and the influence of the overflow on the surrounding soil is reduced.
Furthermore, in order to improve the drainage effect and the service life of the surface water drainage channel, the inner wall of the surface water drainage channel is formed by casting concrete, and the cross section of the surface water drainage channel is a rectangular cross section.
Further, in order to remove the polluted soil layer in the mining area as much as possible, the ecological environment of the mining area is restored to a certain extent, the method further comprises the step of removing the polluted soil layer on the ground surface of the mining area, and the removed soil layer is subjected to concentrated landfill.
Further, in order to better realize the plugging of the mine, the curtain grouting is carried out on the fractured karst development zone in the process of plugging the mine, so that the underground water runoff passage is plugged.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the technical scheme, the mining area wastewater treatment adopts a technical route of earth surface dredging seepage prevention and underground water drainage. On the basis of checking the hydrogeological conditions of the mining area, comprehensive treatment is carried out by adopting a mode of combining the overground and the underground, overground engineering mainly comprises construction of surface water drainage channels and mine plugging engineering, and underground engineering mainly comprises the step of arranging a plurality of dewatering drainage wells in the mining area.
Firstly, surface water is led out of a mining area through a surface water drainage channel, so that the supply of surface water to a mine supplementary water source is reduced to the greatest extent; secondly, plugging the mine, namely, plugging the underground water runoff passage is realized, so that the underground water runoff entering the mine pit is blocked to the greatest extent; in conclusion, the surface water drainage channel is built and the mine is plugged, and the surface water seepage and replenishment can be reduced by combining the surface water drainage channel with the mine. Finally, the underground water level of the mining area is reduced by adopting the dewatering drainage well, so that uncontaminated water above the mining layer is infiltrated into the lower water-containing layer through the dewatering drainage well, such as the water-containing layer of the cogongrass group, and is diffused inwards and outwards, the surface karst of the water-containing layer of the cogongrass group is relatively developed, the supplementing condition is good, the water-rich property is strong, and the drainage can be carried out through the underground river system, so that the water-gushing source of the mine is well controlled. By combining the earth surface dredging seepage prevention and underground water drainage treatment method, the technical scheme achieves the purpose of earth surface pollution-free water flow, water resources are treated from the source, water resource balance is effectively protected, and the problem of water pollution in mining areas is solved from the source at one time.
Specifically, because the well hole is arranged at the position close to the mine, the well hole sequentially passes through the upper water-bearing layer and the ore layer and then extends into the lower water-bearing layer below the ore layer, according to practical situations, the lower water-bearing layer can be a cogongrass water-bearing layer or other stratum below the layer, the well pipe comprises an upper water-permeable pipe, a middle isolation pipe and a lower water-permeable pipe which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and because the ore layer is weak in water-rich property and large in thickness, a good water-resistant layer is arranged in the ore region, and because of the existence of fine sand interlayers and lens bodies, the directional arrangement of clay particles and the like in the soil in the deposition process, the permeability coefficient in the horizontal direction is always larger than that in the vertical direction, so that under the condition that surface water does not permeate into the ore layer or only a small amount of surface water permeates into the ore layer, the upper water-permeable pipe is positioned above the ore layer to ensure that surface water smoothly permeates into the drainage well, and the surface water permeates towards the drainage well in a funnel shape by taking the center of the drainage well as a reference to the maximum extent, so that the surface water can permeate into the drainage well from the vertical direction to cause pollution layer can be reduced; the middle isolation pipe is arranged, so that isolation of an ore deposit can be realized, namely, a water source polluted by the ore deposit cannot flow into the precipitation drainage well, thereby realizing isolation of wastewater generated in the ore deposit, and water entering the precipitation drainage well cannot be influenced by the ore deposit; the arrangement of the lower permeable pipes enables the water source which is not polluted in the well to permeate into the water-containing layer of the cogongrass site group through the lower permeable pipes and diffuse to the periphery, the surface karst of the water-containing layer of the cogongrass site group is relatively developed, the supplementing condition is good, the water-rich property is strong, and the water source can be excreted through a hidden river system. According to the dewatering drainage well, surface water is led to the water-bearing layer of the cogongrass port group with high deep water permeability through the well pipe of the dewatering drainage well, when a large amount of surface water is led into the rock stratum with high deep water permeability by bypassing the mineral layer, the pollution of the surface water to the mineral layer can be greatly reduced, the water source penetrating into the mineral layer is obviously reduced, and the problem of waste water generated by mine water burst is also directly solved from the source. By implementing the technical scheme, heavy metal pollution in water and soil of a mining area can be directly reduced, the method has positive effects on solving the problem of historical carry-over of the mining area and improving the regional ecological environment, and solves the problem of mine water pollution through seepage precipitation control, and the method is small in relative investment and short in construction period.
In conclusion, the technical scheme is used for treating from the source, so that water resources are not polluted, water resource balance is effectively protected, and the problem of water pollution in mining areas is solved from the source at one time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dewatering and drainage test well according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the layout of four dewatering drainage wells according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the layout of four dewatering drainage wells according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dewatering drainage test well according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of a reinforced concrete cover plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view at B-B in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken at C-C of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a distribution of mine drainage test wells;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a dewatering drainage well in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a tunnel zone groundwater hopper according to the invention.
In the figure: a well bore 1; an upper water permeable pipe 2; a middle isolation tube 3; a lower water permeable pipe 4; an aquifer 5; a mineral layer 6; a water-bearing layer 7 of a cogongrass rhizome group; a reinforced concrete cover plate 8; a wellhead bore 9; a stabilizing table 10; backfill layer 11; a cover handle 12; and a dropping funnel 13.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present invention will be briefly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments or the prior art, and it is obvious that the following description of the structure of the drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art. It should be noted that the description of these examples is for aiding in understanding the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-11, the embodiment provides a mining area wastewater treatment method, which mainly comprises the following steps of groundwater source head drainage control, key pollution isolation and sludge centralized treatment:
building surface water drainage channels communicated with all mines in a mining area, wherein the surface water drainage channels are communicated with downstream water channels to realize intercepting drainage of rainwater, so that the supply of surface water to mine supplementary water sources is reduced to the greatest extent;
plugging all mines in a mining area, and blocking the underground water runoff entering the mining pit to the maximum extent;
the dewatering drainage well is arranged at a position, close to a mine well, in a mining area, the dewatering drainage well comprises a well hole 1 and a well pipe, the well hole 1 sequentially penetrates through an upper water-bearing layer 5 and a mining layer 6 and then extends into a lower water-bearing layer below the mining layer, the well pipe is arranged in the well hole 1, the well pipe comprises an upper water-permeable pipe 2, a middle isolation pipe 3 and a lower water-permeable pipe 4 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the upper water-permeable pipe 2 is located above the mining layer 6, the lower water-permeable pipe 4 is located below the mining layer 6, and the middle isolation pipe 3 is used for isolating the mining layer 6.
According to the technical scheme, the mining area wastewater treatment adopts a technical route of earth surface dredging seepage prevention and underground water drainage. On the basis of checking the hydrogeological conditions of the mining area, comprehensive treatment is carried out by adopting a mode of combining the overground and the underground, overground engineering mainly comprises construction of surface water drainage channels and mine plugging engineering, and underground engineering mainly comprises the step of arranging a plurality of dewatering drainage wells in the mining area.
Firstly, surface water is led out of a mining area through a surface water drainage channel, so that the supply of surface water to a mine supplementary water source is reduced to the greatest extent; secondly, plugging the mine, namely, plugging the underground water runoff passage is realized, so that the underground water runoff entering the mine pit is blocked to the greatest extent; in conclusion, the surface water drainage channel is built and the mine is plugged, and the surface water seepage and replenishment can be reduced by combining the surface water drainage channel with the mine. Finally, the underground water level of the mining area is reduced by adopting a dewatering drainage well, so that uncontaminated water above the mining layer 6 is infiltrated into the lower water-bearing layer through the dewatering drainage well, for example, the water-bearing layer 7 of the cogongrass group is internally and peripherally diffused, the surface karst of the water-bearing layer 7 of the cogongrass group is relatively developed, the feeding condition is good, the water-rich property is strong, and the drainage can be carried out through a hidden river system, so that the water-gushing source of a mine is well controlled. By combining the earth surface dredging seepage prevention and underground water drainage treatment method, the technical scheme achieves the purpose of earth surface pollution-free water flow, water resources are treated from the source, water resource balance is effectively protected, and the problem of water pollution in mining areas is solved from the source at one time.
Specifically, because the well hole 1 is arranged at a position close to the mine, the well hole 1 sequentially passes through the upper water-bearing layer 5 and the ore layer 6 and then extends into the lower water-bearing layer below the ore layer, according to practical situations, the lower water-bearing layer can be the cogongrass water-bearing layer 7 or other stratum below the layer, the well pipe comprises the upper water-permeable pipe 2, the middle isolation pipe 3 and the lower water-permeable pipe 4 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the ore layer 6 is weak in water enrichment and large in thickness, a good water-resistant layer is arranged in the ore region, and the permeability coefficient in the horizontal direction is always larger than the permeability coefficient in the vertical direction due to the existence of fine sand interlayers and lens bodies in the soil depositing process, the directional arrangement of clay particles and the like, so that under the condition that surface water does not permeate into the ore layer 6 or only a small amount of surface water permeates into the ore layer 6, the upper water-permeable pipe 2 is positioned above the ore layer 6 and can smoothly permeate into the dewatering drainage well, and the surface water can permeate into the drainage well in a funnel shape based on the center of the dewatering drainage well, thereby the surface water can be reduced to the maximum extent that the surface water permeates into the drainage well from the ore layer 6 in the vertical direction; the middle isolation pipe 3 is arranged, so that the isolation of the mineral seam 6 can be realized, namely, a water source polluted by the mineral seam 6 cannot flow into the dewatering drainage well, so that the isolation of wastewater generated in the mineral seam 6 is realized, and water entering the dewatering drainage well cannot be influenced by the mineral seam 6; the arrangement of the lower permeable pipes 4 enables the water source which is not polluted in the well to permeate into the water-bearing layer 7 of the cogongrass site group through the lower permeable pipes 4 and diffuse to the periphery, the surface karst of the water-bearing layer 7 of the cogongrass site group is relatively developed, the supplementing condition is good, the water-rich property is strong, and the water source can be drained through a submerged river system. According to the dewatering drainage well, surface water is guided to the cogongrass site group aquifer 7 with strong deep water permeability through the well pipe of the dewatering drainage well, when a large amount of surface water is guided into the rock stratum with strong deep water permeability by bypassing the mineral stratum 6, the pollution of the surface water to the mineral stratum 6 can be greatly reduced, the water source penetrating into the mineral stratum 6 is obviously reduced, and the problem of waste water generated by mine water burst is directly solved from the source. By implementing the technical scheme, heavy metal pollution in water and soil of a mining area can be directly reduced, the method has positive effects on solving the problem of historical carry-over of the mining area and improving the regional ecological environment, and solves the problem of mine water pollution through seepage precipitation control, and the method is small in relative investment and short in construction period.
In conclusion, the technical scheme is used for treating from the source, so that water resources are not polluted, water resource balance is effectively protected, and the problem of water pollution in mining areas is solved from the source at one time.
The regional groundwater dropping funnel 13 is formed in the mining area, so that the groundwater level is effectively reduced, and the effect that the ground surface is basically free of open current is achieved. Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, 4-6 dewatering drainage wells can be arranged near each mine.
It is noted that the two-fold system overlying the mineral bearing formation is a well-developed group (P3 c) of aqueous layers, which are mainly medium-to thick-layered limestone, the weathering cracks, the construction cracks and the karst cracks form a downward infiltration channel for groundwater, so that the technical scheme blocks the runoff of the groundwater entering the pit to the greatest extent by plugging the mine.
Therefore, according to the technical scheme, firstly, a surface water drainage channel is designed to lead surface water out of a mining area, so that the supply of the surface water to a mine supplementary water source is reduced to the greatest extent; secondly, blocking underground water runoff entering a pit is prevented to the greatest extent by blocking the mine; finally, a dewatering drainage well is designed, and underground water penetrating into the upper water-bearing layer 5 is introduced into the well, so that the water inflow source of a mine is well controlled, and the problem of water inflow of the mine is solved from the source.
The technical scheme can control the pollution of the mining area from the source, can realize the comprehensive treatment of the regional history carry-over polluted environment, also belongs to the related technology of regional water pollution treatment, can directly reduce the heavy metal pollution in the water body and the soil of the mining area, and has positive effects on solving the history carry-over problem and improving the regional ecological environment.
The implementation of the scheme needs regional hydrogeology investigation, and the problems of precipitation and water quality change are solved. The scheme solves the problem of mine water pollution by controlling seepage precipitation and surrounding surface drainage, and has the advantages of small relative investment and short construction period.
Example 2:
this example was optimized based on example 1 above.
In order to achieve a better plugging effect, the plugging length of the mine can be 10m extending inwards from the opening of the mine, and the specific extending length is determined according to the exploration result.
Example 3:
this example was optimized based on example 1 above.
In order to realize dewatering drainage to the well near the mine in a larger area, the seepage of water flow into the mine or the mine layer 6 is reduced, the number of the dewatering drainage wells is not less than that of the mines in the mine area, and the positions of the dewatering drainage wells are distributed in the extending direction close to the mine opening or the main mine hole.
Example 4:
this example was optimized based on example 3 above.
In order to improve dewatering drainage effect, in time realize the drainage to groundwater, set up three dewatering drainage wells respectively in the extending direction that is close to mine entrance to a cave and mine main hole.
Example 5:
this example was optimized based on example 4 above.
For each well, the spacing between adjacent precipitation drainage wells may be 80-150 m, as determined by hydrogeological tests, in order to minimize groundwater contamination.
Example 6:
this example was optimized based on example 1 above.
In order to prevent underground water from entering the mine from the collapse area to cause water burst in the mine, if the mine is provided with the collapse area, the collapse area in the mine is filled, and sludge is cleaned.
Example 7:
this example was optimized based on example 6 above.
And cleaning sludge in the original drainage ditch in the mining area, and transporting the cleaned sludge away or filling the collapse area. The overflow of wastewater in mining areas can be reduced by cleaning the sludge in the original drainage ditch, and the influence of the overflow on the surrounding soil is reduced.
Example 8:
this example was optimized based on example 1 above.
In order to improve the drainage effect and the service life of the surface water drainage channel, the inner wall of the surface water drainage channel is formed by casting concrete, and the cross section of the surface water drainage channel is a rectangular cross section.
Example 9:
this example was optimized based on example 1 above.
In order to remove the polluted soil layer in the mining area as much as possible, recovering the ecological environment of the mining area to a certain extent, and removing the soil layer polluted on the ground surface of the mining area, wherein the removed soil layer is subjected to concentrated landfill.
Example 10:
this example was optimized based on example 1 above.
In order to better realize the plugging of the mine, the curtain grouting is carried out on the karst development belt of the fissure in the process of plugging the mine, so as to plug the underground water runoff passage.
In the above embodiment, the optimal design for the dewatering drainage well is as follows:
in order to achieve effective isolation of the mineral seam 6, the middle isolation tube 3 is an isolation tube formed by sealing concrete to isolate the mineral seam 6. In order to improve the isolation effect and ensure the structural strength of the well pipe, the middle isolation pipe 3 can also comprise a steel pipe and a concrete wrapping pipe externally applied to the steel pipe.
In order to improve the installation efficiency of the well pipe, the water permeable effect of the upper water permeable pipe 2 and the lower water permeable pipe 4 is guaranteed, the upper water permeable pipe 2 and the lower water permeable pipe 4 are both flower pipes, and the outer diameter of each flower pipe is matched with the inner diameter of the well hole 1.
In order to realize the plugging of the wellhead, the wellhead of the well bore 1 is provided with a reinforced concrete cover plate 8, and the reinforced concrete cover plate 8 is covered with a backfill layer 11.
In order to achieve better drainage effect, guarantee drainage flow, in order to promote the structural strength of well head simultaneously, the diameter of well hole 1 is 180mm, and well head hole 9 has been seted up to the well head department of well hole 1, and the degree of depth of well head hole 9 is 200mm, and the diameter of well head hole 9 is 250mm, has firm platform 10 through pouring concrete shaping in the well head hole 9, and reinforced concrete apron 8 sets up on firm platform 10. In order to enable the depth of the precipitation drainage well to extend into the cogongrass group aquifer 7, the depth of the well bore 1 is 500m-700m.
According to the technical scheme, more than 6 underground water of a mineral seam is drained and permeated into the water-bearing layer 7 of the cogongrass site group, the depth of the dewatering drainage well is designed to be 500-700m, the actual depth of the dewatering drainage well possibly varies in the construction stage, for example, the actual depth can be 650m, and the actual depth is determined by geological conditions during construction.
The backfill layer 11 had a thickness of 20cm in order to prevent leakage out of the wellhead. In order to improve the structural strength of the reinforced concrete cover plate 8, the thickness of the reinforced concrete cover plate 8 is 10cm. In order to facilitate the handling of the reinforced concrete cover 8, the reinforced concrete cover 8 is provided with a cover handle 12 made of steel bars.
The dewatering drainage well is tested in the mining area, and the experimental process and experimental data are as follows:
as shown in fig. 9, seven dewatering and drainage test wells are distributed on the left sides of the KJ01-KJ06 mine hole and the KJ01 mine, as shown in table 1: .
Table 1 precipitation test well statistics table
Through implementation of a test well, the water level of the SYJ01 test well is reduced to 10.50 meters below the ground, the water level of the SYJ02 test well is reduced to 90.00 meters below the ground, and a 200m measuring rope is adopted to measure the water level of the test precipitation drainage well SYJ03, so that the water level is determined to be greater than 200m, the water level of the SYJ04 test well is reduced to 96 meters below the ground, the water level of the SYJ05 test well is reduced to 39.00 meters below the ground, and the water level of the SYJ06 test well is reduced to 2.6 meters below the ground, wherein the water level of the test precipitation drainage well SYJ11 cannot be measured due to hole collapse at 20m, and the water level is determined to be greater than 20m.
The water-logging drainage test well test finds that the groundwater has poor hydraulic connection, the water permeability of the mineral seam is good, and the harmful mineral substances can be effectively prevented after the cement sealing and isolation are carried out on the mineral seam. The dewatering drainage effect is good, and no surface water flow exists at mine openings of KJ01, KJ02 and KJ03 mines.
Taking water in the well at a depth of 10 meters in the KJ06 well for water quality analysis, wherein various indexes of analysis results meet the standard, and then carrying out water quality analysis on surface water near the mine hole, wherein the indexes are close to the water in the well, and the water quality conditions before and after the dewatering drainage well is distributed are shown in tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 Water quality meter for current situation before precipitation
Table 3 current situation water quality meter after precipitation
The project is considered to be feasible through engineering investigation and water quality test after precipitation. After the dewatering drainage well is implemented, the surrounding geology is not greatly affected, and collapse, landslide, debris flow and the like are not caused.
Mine water inflow condition after test well implementation:
as shown in table 4, 7 test wells SYJ01, SYJ11, SYJ02, SYJ03, SYJ04, SYJ05, SYJ06 were implemented near mines KJ01, KJ02, KJ03, KJ04, KJ05, KJ06, respectively, and after the test wells were completed, the water inflow was significantly continuously reduced as compared to the water inflow situation of the contemporaneous mine, in which KJ02, KJ03, KJ04 had no water inflow. KJ08, KJ09, KJ10 are about 600m from the dewatering drainage well, and are far away from each other, so that the water inflow change condition is not influenced by the dewatering drainage well compared with the synchronous condition.
TABLE 4 conditions of gushing Water from each mine before test well implementation
As can be seen from Table 4, the current water burst of each mine was significantly reduced after the test well was conducted. It should be noted that precipitation test wells are not arranged in the vicinity of the KJ07 mine, but water gushes are also significantly reduced, because the KJ07 mine in the test mine is located downstream of KJ01-KJ06, and thus water gushes in the KJ07 mine are also significantly reduced in the case where water gushes in KJ01-KJ06 are significantly reduced.
The following description is directed to the precipitation drainage amount of a mine area precipitation drainage test well:
according to the geotechnical engineering test monitoring handbook, the following formula is obtained, and the flow of the dewatering drainage well can be calculated.
Q＝kAH＝591.7(t/d)
Wherein:
k, taking 0.139m/d of the permeability parameter of the test soil layer, wherein the data is derived from regional hydrogeological data;
q-diversion flow (t/d); h-aquifer head (cm).
Wherein: the length (m) of a flowtube in an aqueous layer of the L-precipitation drainage well;
m-is found from the manual for geotechnical engineering test monitoring, fig. 4.14-9, assuming that the vertical and horizontal permeability coefficients are equal, m is 1;
r-dewatering drainage well bore radius.
The calculation is as follows: the seepage flow rate of each test dewatering drainage well is more than 520m 3 And/d, the precipitation influence radius of the test precipitation drainage well is 50-100 m. According to the radius of influence of water drainage, the dewatering drainage wells are distributed according to the arrangement principle of the dewatering drainage wells.
The optimal design for the surface water drainage channel is as follows:
if the mine area is provided with a drainage ditch, a downstream surface drainage channel with the water cross section of 0.4mx0.8m is designed at the downstream of the original drainage ditch or a newly-built upstream surface drainage channel, and the downstream surface drainage channel is communicated with the downstream water channel so as to ensure that the water passing requirement can be met.
An expansion joint is required to be arranged every 10 m-15 m in a surface water drainage channel, a settlement joint is required to be arranged at the position of a base slope which changes slope and has larger foundation change and different structure steps, the joint width is 20-30mm, a 653 water stop belt is adopted for water stop, and an asphalt wood plate is used for joint filling; the water drainage channel design flood takes P=3.33%, and the check flood is calculated according to P=1%.
The requirements for cleaning the surface pollutants are as follows:
under the condition that mines in mining areas have gushed water for many years, the contaminated soil layers need to be removed, manually excavated and then buried intensively.
After the construction is completed according to the technical scheme, the river needs to be monitored, and the flow and the water quality of the river are mainly monitored. The water quantity monitoring can adopt two modes of automatic monitoring and manual monitoring.
The construction notice of the dewatering drainage well is as follows:
in the construction process, the dewatering drainage well can be constructed by adopting an XY-5 type core drilling machine and an SPS-600 type hydrologic well drilling machine to carry out well hole 1 construction, and the dewatering drainage well is drilled in a rotary mode and is cored in the whole process. In the drilling process, the secondary footage, the length of the extracted core, the drill falling, water leakage and a large number of leakage positions of flushing fluid are recorded in detail, the karst development depth and development condition of the extracted core fracture are comprehensively described, and the drilling depth correction and the skewness measurement are carried out every time 50m, the diameter change and the final hole are drilled, so that the problem is timely corrected.
The fourth series of drilling is to better carry rock powder, prevent the core from blocking, can choose to insert the bit inside and outside and bottom that the edge is bigger outside and outside; in order to avoid water shutoff and sticking, the drilling pressure is controlled to be 4-5 kN, and the drilling pressure is changed to be 8-10 kN after entering the rock. According to the geological condition of the mining area, the drillability of the rock is 4-5 grades, the rotating speed of the drill bit can be 200-300 r/min, and the upward return speed of flushing fluid is required to be more than 0.30m/s in order to ensure that rock debris particles are carried to the ground surface in time, so that the pumping capacity is 80-120L/min.
The stratum in the mining area is mainly made of medium hardness and medium abrasive rock, and in order to improve the drilling speed and the service life of the drill bit, an impregnated diamond drill bit with 46-60 meshes of diamond granularity, 80-120% of diamond concentration and 35-40% of matrix hardness can be used for drilling. The following should be noted during drilling: the drill bit should be used in a grouping queuing way, the diameter of the reamer should be 0.3-0.5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the drill bit, the free inner diameter of the clamp spring is 0.3-0.4 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the drill bit, and the diameter of the drill bit is as close as possible to the diameter of the drill rod, so that the drill bit can work stably at the bottom of the hole.
Under normal conditions, the resistance loss at the pipeline system, the drilling tool and the drill bit is about 0.8MPa, and the resistance loss of each hundred meters of drill rods is about 0.2 MPa; the pumping pressure in drilling rises or falls slightly, possibly in layer change, the situation of footage and the sound of drilling tools should be noted, and the regulation parameters can be adjusted if necessary to prevent the core from being blocked; if the drilling speed is suddenly reduced or the drilling speed is not increased, and the pump pressure is suddenly increased, the drilling tool is lifted off the bottom of the hole as soon as possible, so that the drilling burning accident is prevented, and the pump pressure change must be closely observed frequently in the drilling process; in order to improve the drilling speed, a higher rotating speed can be adopted, vibration reduction work is required to be carried out in order to reduce abnormal loss of the diamond drill bit, the operation is required to be stable, and therefore reasonable drilling tool grading is required to be adopted, and lubricating flushing fluid is required to be used; during drilling, the pump pressure meter, the ammeter, the footage and the water return condition are observed, so that the problem of the drilling lifting treatment can be found in time; under the condition of permission of stratum conditions, clear water and lubricant are adopted as flushing liquid as much as possible, in order to strengthen the flushing liquid purification and improve the flushing liquid quality, the length of a flushing liquid circulating groove is generally not less than 15m, the number of sedimentation tanks is not less than 2, and the flushing liquid is cleaned and replaced in time. The lifting and tripping speeds are reasonably controlled so as to reduce vibration caused by the drilling tool in the lifting process, and particularly the lifting and tripping speeds are slowed down when the drilling tool drills into complex stratum.
The foundation is stable, the foundation platform is horizontal, the center of the vertical shaft, the front edge of the crown block and the center of the drilling design are three points and one line; the active drill rod is not suitable to be overlong and is fixed at the center of the chuck, and the orifice pipe is required to be right and firm; guiding is carried out when the diameter is changed, and the upper large-caliber guiding core barrel is removed after the small-caliber core barrel completely enters the small aperture; the drilling tool with good rigidity and long and straight length is used, and an outer tube with a reamer is added at the upper part of the rope coring drilling tool for 1-2 sets so as to ensure the perpendicularity of the drilling tool; when drilling a strong deflecting stratum, proper drilling regulation parameters of pressure reduction, medium and low rotation speeds and flushing liquid amount are used; the drill rod is in a straightening state, so that the deflection degree of the drill rod is reduced, and the stability of the drilling tool is improved.
The technical scheme adopts the process of 'underground water source head drainage control, pollutant isolation and sludge centralized treatment', 1-2 wells are used for experiments, and experiments of 1-2 wells prove that the treatment effect is better.
The design idea of the technical scheme is as follows: "underground water source head drainage control, key pollutant isolation and sludge centralized treatment".
And (3) drainage control of an underground water source head: and the groundwater in the upper aquifer of the ore bed and the surrounding supplementing area is led into the other aquifer of the underground through the dewatering drainage well, so that the groundwater is prevented from penetrating into the ore bed.
Key contaminant isolation: cement is adopted to seal the ore layer section of the dewatering drainage well and the upper and lower junction contact zones, and groundwater is prohibited from being dissolved with ore bodies to generate polluted water.
And (3) sludge centralized treatment: the sludge is removed from the mine hole and the surface for centralized treatment.
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the dewatering and drainage well introduces water in the upper part of the ore bed or groundwater to be introduced into the ore bed in advance through the water seepage pipe of the dewatering and drainage well, and underground water source in the well seeps into the lower part of the well and flows out of the dewatering well along the lower water seepage pipe to enter the permeable water bed (namely the lower water-bearing bed). The mineral seam section is permanently sealed by cement, and groundwater is prevented from flowing in the mineral seam. After dewatering drainage, the mine hole area forms a groundwater dropping funnel, the groundwater level elevation is lower than the mine hole bottom plate, and no sewage flows out.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A mining area wastewater treatment method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
building surface water drainage channels communicated with all mines in a mining area, wherein the surface water drainage channels are communicated with downstream water channels to realize intercepting drainage of rainwater, so that the surface water is reduced to supplement water sources for the mines;
plugging all mines in a mining area to block underground water runoff entering the mining area;
the well pipe comprises an upper permeable pipe, a middle isolation pipe and a lower permeable pipe which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the upper permeable pipe is located above the ore layer, the lower permeable pipe is located below the ore layer, and the middle isolation pipe is used for isolating the ore layer.
2. A mining area wastewater treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the dewatering drainage wells is not less than the number of the mines in the mining area, and the positions of the dewatering drainage wells are distributed in the extending direction close to the mine opening or the mine main hole.
3. A mining area wastewater treatment method according to claim 2, wherein: three dewatering drainage wells are respectively arranged in the extending directions close to the mine opening and the mine main hole.
4. A mining area wastewater treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: if the mine is provided with a collapse area, the collapse area in the mine is filled, and the sludge is cleaned.
5. A mining area wastewater treatment method according to claim 4, wherein: and cleaning sludge in the original drainage ditch in the mining area, and transporting the cleaned sludge away or filling the collapse area.
6. A mining area wastewater treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the surface water drainage channel is formed by casting concrete, and the cross section of the surface water drainage channel is a rectangular cross section.
7. A mining area wastewater treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: and the method also comprises the step of removing the soil layer which is polluted on the surface of the mining area.
8. A mining area wastewater treatment method according to claim 1, wherein: and grouting the fractured karst development zone through a curtain in the process of plugging the mine, and plugging the underground water runoff passage.
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