CN116043268B - Oxygen evolution reaction catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Oxygen evolution reaction catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116043268B CN116043268B CN202310093093.6A CN202310093093A CN116043268B CN 116043268 B CN116043268 B CN 116043268B CN 202310093093 A CN202310093093 A CN 202310093093A CN 116043268 B CN116043268 B CN 116043268B
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 168
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- WTURHYSHERRQHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Ni]=S Chemical compound [Ni].[Ni]=S WTURHYSHERRQHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxomolybdenum Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DHRLEVQXOMLTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamidine Chemical compound NC=N PNKUSGQVOMIXLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=S YUKQRDCYNOVPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetamide Natural products CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910002554 Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910009111 xH2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005469 synchrotron radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000970 chrono-amperometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- INPLXZPZQSLHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Co+2] INPLXZPZQSLHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KWUUWVQMAVOYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron molybdenum Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe][Mo][Mo] KWUUWVQMAVOYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013460 polyoxometalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/11—Sulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
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- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
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- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
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- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/057—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of a single element or compound
- C25B11/061—Metal or alloy
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- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
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Abstract
The invention provides an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is a nickel sulfide-foam nickel material co-doped with iron and molybdenum, wherein the foam nickel is a substrate material; the microstructure of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material is a double-layer structure with an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is a needle-shaped or rod-shaped nano array structure, and the upper layer is a layered multi-crack structure; the material of the lower layer structure is nickel sulfide-foam nickel material, and the material of the upper layer structure comprises iron element and molybdenum element. Through bi-metal doping and synergistic effect with nickel sulfide-foam nickel material, the material has high current and extremely high stability, and can stably operate for more than 2000 hours under the working condition of 1000mA cm ‑2 high current.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and particularly relates to an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Electrochemical water splitting is a promising technology for producing high purity hydrogen under mild conditions, and the great development of this technology is of great importance for the establishment of environmentally friendly energy systems. To drive electrolyzed water, a highly active and durable electrocatalyst is required to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (Oxygen Evolution Reaction, OER).
Pt and Pt-based nanomaterials are currently the most advanced high efficiency electrocatalysts for cathodic HER reactions. RuO 2 and IrO 2 and their composites generally have excellent activity for the OER reaction of the anode. However, these noble metals are low in abundance and high in cost, which greatly limits their application. Although a variety of non-noble and noble metal-based catalysts have emerged, there is still a need to further improve their performance, since the four-electron process occurring at the anode is kinetically slow, which greatly hinders the realization of efficient water splitting, also known as bottleneck half-reaction. Therefore, it is important to explore efficient non-noble metal OER electrocatalysts to reduce the activation barrier and accelerate the reaction, achieving high energy conversion efficiency.
At present, the non-noble metal-based OER electrocatalyst is concentrated in transition metal alloy, hydroxide, oxide, sulfide, carbide, nitrogen-containing material oxide and the like, and the non-noble metal-based OER electrocatalyst is subjected to multi-metal composite doping regulation and control to obtain a plurality of excellent electrolyzed water catalytic materials. The metal sulfide nano material can absorb electrons in transition metal due to the high electronegativity of sulfur atoms, so that a low-cost sulfide material with abundant electron, optical, physical and chemical property adjustability is formed, and a great deal of application research is carried out on renewable energy sources. The material is mainly composed of graphite-like layered structure material such as molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide, and non-layered material such as iron sulfide, cobalt sulfide and nickel sulfide. However, these materials still face many difficulties such as large overpotential, low current density, unstable catalyst, etc., which directly lead to economic loss and energy waste. Some sulfide OER electrocatalysts have good short-term stability, but are unstable in long-term electrocatalysis, and are easily converted into stable oxides or hydroxides after reaction, and particularly the long-term stability is not maintained even more in industrial actual high current density reactions.
Therefore, OER catalysts obtained in the prior art can mostly run only under small current, and the stability of materials still has some problems, especially under high current reaction, many metal sulfides are easy to oxidize although the short-term stability is good, the long-term stability is to be improved, and the materials can only stay in a laboratory stage.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst which operates stably for a long period of time at a high current density.
It is a further object of the invention to further increase the current density and to further increase the long-term operation stability.
In particular, the invention provides an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst which is a nickel sulfide-foam nickel material co-doped with iron and molybdenum, wherein the foam nickel is a base material;
the microstructure of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material is a double-layer structure with an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is a needle-shaped or rod-shaped nano array structure, and the upper layer is a layered multi-crack structure;
The material of the lower layer structure is nickel sulfide-foam nickel material, and the material of the upper layer structure comprises iron element and molybdenum element.
Optionally, the iron element is in a trivalent state or more, and the molybdenum element is in a hexavalent state.
Optionally, at least a portion of the cracks in the upper layer structure expose the tops of the needle-like or rod-like nano-array structures.
Optionally, the molar ratio of the iron element to the molybdenum element in the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material is any one value in the range of 1:1-5.
In particular, the invention provides a preparation method of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
Providing foam nickel;
performing in-situ vulcanization on the foam nickel by utilizing a hydrothermal method to obtain a nickel sulfide-foam nickel material;
Doping iron element and molybdenum element on the nickel sulfide-foam nickel material by utilizing a hydrothermal method to obtain the nickel sulfide-foam nickel material co-doped with iron and molybdenum.
Optionally, in the step of doping iron element and molybdenum element on the nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material by using a hydrothermal method to obtain the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material, an iron source in the hydrothermal method is selected as ferric iron inorganic salt;
the molybdenum source in the hydrothermal method is selected as molybdate or phosphomolybdic acid;
Optionally, the molybdate is sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate.
Optionally, in the step of doping iron element and molybdenum element on the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material by using a hydrothermal method to obtain the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material co-doped with iron and molybdenum, the molar ratio of the iron source and the molybdenum source in the hydrothermal method is any value ranging from 1:1 to 5.
Optionally, in the step of performing in-situ vulcanization on the nickel foam by using a hydrothermal method to obtain a nickel sulfide-nickel foam material, the vulcanization raw material in the hydrothermal method comprises sodium sulfide, formamidine, thioacetamide or sodium thiosulfate.
Optionally, in the step of performing in-situ vulcanization on the nickel foam by using a hydrothermal method to obtain the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material, the reaction condition of the hydrothermal method is that the reaction temperature is raised from room temperature 25 ℃ to 90-210 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and then the reaction temperature is kept at one of the temperatures of 90-210 ℃ for 4-12 hours.
Optionally, in the step of doping iron element and molybdenum element on the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material by utilizing a hydrothermal method to obtain the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material co-doped with iron and molybdenum, the reaction condition of the hydrothermal method is that the temperature is raised from room temperature 25 ℃ to 90-210 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and then the reaction is kept at one of the temperatures of 90-210 ℃ for 4-12 hours.
According to the scheme of the invention, the nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material co-doped with iron and molybdenum is used as an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, the microstructure of the nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material is a double-layer structure of an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is in a needle-shaped or rod-shaped nano array structure, the upper layer is in a layered multi-crack structure, the material of the lower layer is nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material, and the material of the upper layer comprises iron element and molybdenum element. As the lower layer structure is in a needle-shaped or rod-shaped nano array structure, the specific surface area is larger, so that more active sites of iron and molybdenum in the lower layer structure are available, the transmission rate of electrons in the water electrolysis process is facilitated, the adsorption and desorption process of bubbles is further improved, and the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is also a reason for excellent material performance under high current, and experiments prove that only 284mV of overpotential is needed under 1000mA cm -2. And the bimetal is doped and cooperates with nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material, so that the material has extremely high stability, and can stably operate for more than 2000 hours under the working condition of large current of 1000mA cm -2 (since the experiment only tests for 2000 hours, the operation can be expected to be stable for more than 2000 hours in 2000 hours).
Further, the valence state of the iron element is more than trivalent, the valence state of the molybdenum element is more than hexavalent, and the material types higher than the normal valence state are favorable for the oxygen evolution reaction process, so that the electron transmission rate in the water electrolysis process can be improved to the maximum extent, the material performance is improved to the maximum extent, and the operation stability under high current is improved.
According to the scheme of the invention, the materials of the raw materials in the two-step hydrothermal method are selected, so that the cost of the raw materials is low, and the low-cost requirement of commercial application can be met. And the hydrothermal method is simple in preparation method, and can realize large-scale preparation, thereby meeting the industrial application requirements.
The above, as well as additional objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope image of an underlying structure of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a superstructure of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a synchrotron radiation diagram of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic flow chart of a method of preparing an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows cyclic voltammograms of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material of example one after a three electrode system was connected using an electrochemical workstation;
fig. 7 shows a graph of the high current stability of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material of example one, tested by chronoamperometry.
Detailed Description
Other advantages and effects of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present application with reference to specific examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. The application may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should also be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present application by way of illustration, and only the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the structures in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of each structure in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the structural layout may be more complex.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
The embodiment of the invention provides an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst. The oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is a nickel sulfide-foam nickel material co-doped with iron and molybdenum, wherein the foam nickel is a substrate material. The microstructure of the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material co-doped with iron and molybdenum is a double-layer structure of an upper layer and a lower layer. Fig. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the underlying structure of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 shows a scanning electron microscope image of a superstructure of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lower layer structure is a needle-like or rod-like nano array structure, and the upper layer structure is a layered multi-crack structure. The material of the lower layer structure is nickel sulfide-foam nickel material, and the material of the upper layer structure comprises iron element and molybdenum element.
According to the scheme of the invention, the nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material co-doped with iron and molybdenum is used as an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, the microstructure of the nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material is a double-layer structure of an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is in a needle-shaped or rod-shaped nano array structure, the upper layer is in a layered multi-crack structure, the material of the lower layer is nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material, and the material of the upper layer comprises iron element and molybdenum element. As the lower layer structure is in a needle-shaped or rod-shaped nano array structure, the specific surface area is larger, so that more active sites of iron and molybdenum in the lower layer structure are available, the transmission rate of electrons in the water electrolysis process is facilitated, the adsorption and desorption process of bubbles is further improved, and the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is also a reason for excellent material performance under high current, and experiments prove that only 284mV of overpotential is needed under 1000mA cm -2. And the bimetal is doped and cooperates with nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material, so that the material has extremely high stability, and can stably operate for more than 2000 hours under the working condition of large current of 1000mA cm -2 (since the experiment only tests for 2000 hours, the operation can be expected to be stable for more than 2000 hours in 2000 hours).
FIG. 3 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the present invention. As can be confirmed from fig. 3, the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is mainly based on nickel sulfide-nickel foam, but XRD is not directly reflected due to the low doping content of iron and molybdenum and the possible presence of amorphous form. The presence of iron and molybdenum is demonstrated by the synchrotron radiation of fig. 4, so the material of the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is indeed an iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulphide-nickel foam material, mo-Fe-Ni 3S2. As can be seen from fig. 2, at least a portion of the cracks in the upper layer structure expose the tops of the needle-like or rod-like nano-array structures. This can further improve the catalytic performance of the catalyst. And, the molar ratio of the iron element to the molybdenum element in the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material is any value ranging from 1:1 to 5, for example, can be 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 or 1:5.
Fig. 4 shows a synchrotron radiation diagram of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to one embodiment of the invention. As can be seen from fig. 4, the synchrotron radiation near side absorption spectrums of the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material co-doped with iron and molybdenum are all shifted to the high energy direction, so that the valence state of the iron element is greater than trivalent, the valence state of the molybdenum element is greater than hexavalent, the material type higher than the normal valence state is favorable for the oxygen evolution reaction process, the electron transmission rate in the water electrolysis process can be improved to the maximum extent, the material performance is improved to the maximum extent, and the operation stability under high current is improved.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 5, the preparation method includes:
Step S100, providing foam nickel;
step S200, performing in-situ vulcanization on the foam nickel by utilizing a hydrothermal method to obtain a nickel sulfide-foam nickel material;
and step S300, doping iron element and molybdenum element on the nickel sulfide-foam nickel material by utilizing a hydrothermal method to obtain the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-foam nickel material.
In the step S100, the nickel foam is cleaned nickel foam. The cleaning process is to sequentially ultrasonically clean the surface of the glass for 15 minutes by using acetone, ethanol, 5% HCl solution and water to remove surface oxides, which is beneficial to the next vulcanization process. The solvent used in the cleaning process of the foam nickel can be other solvents as long as the surface of the foam nickel can be cleaned better.
In the step S200, the raw materials for vulcanization in the hydrothermal method are neutral partial alkali, but are not neutral partial acid. Experiments show that the selection of the neutral partial alkali reductive vulcanization material can enable the foam nickel material to be more stable, and is more beneficial to the preparation of materials in the subsequent steps. The sulfidation raw material comprises sodium sulfide, formamidine, thioacetamide or sodium thiosulfate. Most preferably, the sulfidation material is sodium thiosulfate, and the product obtained by subsequent preparation has optimal performance.
In the step S200, the reaction condition of the hydrothermal method is that the temperature is increased from the room temperature of 25 ℃ to 90-210 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and then the reaction is kept at one of the temperatures of 90-210 ℃ for 4-12h. The temperature rise rate may be, for example, 1 ℃,2 ℃,3 ℃,4 ℃ or 5 ℃. The final temperature may be 90℃or 120℃or 150℃or 180℃or any other value from 90 to 210 ℃. The incubation time may be, for example, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours or 12 hours, or any other value from 4 to 12 hours.
In this step S300, the iron source in the hydrothermal method is selected as a ferric inorganic salt, for example, fe (NO 3)3·9H2 O, feCl3.6H2O or Fe 2(SO4)3·9H2 O. The molybdenum source is selected as molybdate or phosphomolybdic acid, wherein the molybdate may be sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate, for example, wherein the molar ratio of the iron source to the molybdenum source is in the range of any one of 1:1 to 5, for example, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 or 1:5.
When the molybdenum source is phosphomolybdic acid, the phosphate radical ion in the phosphomolybdic acid can finely adjust the pH value in the water-saving thermal reaction, and can also avoid the direct reaction of the iron source and the molybdenum source to generate ferric molybdate complex precipitate. The resulting catalyst also performs better when the molybdenum source is selected as a molybdate, but is inferior to phosphomolybdic acid because phosphomolybdic acid itself is a polyoxometalate, an anionic cluster in the metal-oxygen cluster compound that aids in the incorporation of iron cations near the OER active site.
In the step S300, the reaction condition of the hydrothermal method is that the temperature is increased from the room temperature of 25 ℃ to 90-210 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and then the reaction is kept at one of the temperatures of 90-210 ℃ for 4-12h. The temperature rise rate may be, for example, 1 ℃,2 ℃,3 ℃,4 ℃ or 5 ℃. The final temperature may be 90℃or 120℃or 150℃or 180℃or any other value from 90 to 210 ℃. The incubation time may be, for example, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours or 12 hours, or any other value from 4 to 12 hours.
According to the scheme of the invention, the materials of the raw materials in the two-step hydrothermal method are selected, so that the cost of the raw materials is low, and the low-cost requirement of commercial application can be met. And the hydrothermal method is simple in preparation method, and can realize large-scale preparation, thereby meeting the industrial application requirements.
The following detailed description will be given with reference to specific examples, in which the various examples are only slightly modified for comparison purposes, but are not meant to limit the various material parameters and reaction parameters of the examples of the present invention to those of the following examples.
Embodiment one:
In this example, the method for preparing the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst comprises:
The first step: foam nickel (2 cm x 4 cm) 1mm thick was washed sequentially with acetone, ethanol, 5% hcl solution and water for 15 minutes each for use.
And a second step of: 3.5mmol of Na 2S2O3 was dissolved in 50mL of deionized water and stirred to form a homogeneous solution. Then the obtained uniform solution and the washed foam nickel are put into a 100mL autoclave, and kept at 150 ℃ for 6 hours, and the temperature rising rate is 3 ℃ and min -1. And after natural cooling, the final product is washed by water and ethanol for three times continuously to obtain nickel sulfide-foam nickel.
And a third step of: adding Fe (NO 3)3·9H2 O and H 3Mo12O40P·xH2 O in a molar ratio of 1:4 into 50mL deionized water, stirring for 10min, wherein the total metal molar mass is 0.3mmol, further placing nickel sulfide-foamed nickel and metal salt solution into a 100mL autoclave, maintaining at 120 ℃ for 12H, heating at 3 ℃ for -1, naturally cooling, continuously flushing the finally obtained black foamed nickel with water and ethanol for three times, and placing into a 50 ℃ drying box for 2H, thus obtaining the final material of the iron-molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-foamed nickel material.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the product obtained in step two of the first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the product obtained in step three of this example two. Fig. 3 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material prepared after the third step. As can be seen from fig. 3, the characteristic peaks indicate that nickel sulfide was successfully produced.
In order to electrolyze water for the prepared iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material, the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material is treated as follows: the prepared material was cut into 0.25cm -2 (0.5 mm x 0.5 mm) as working electrode. A three-electrode system was constructed using 1M KOH solution as the electrolyte, hg/HgO electrode (1M KOH) and graphite rod (8 mm diameter) as the reference and counter electrodes.
Fig. 6 shows cyclic voltammograms of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material of example one after connection using an electrochemical workstation. As shown in FIG. 6, the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material was at an overpotential of 215mV and 284mV at 10mA cm -2 and 1000mA cm -2, respectively. The second half of the actual performance data is taken because of the interference of the oxidation peak in the first half.
Fig. 7 shows a graph of the high current stability of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material of example one, tested by chronoamperometry. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the nickel sulfide-nickel foam material co-doped with iron and molybdenum can stably work for more than 2000 hours at 1000 mA.cm -2.
The parameters such as materials, amounts, molar ratios, etc. of the respective reagents in the above examples are all optimal examples, and are not limited to the parameters in the above examples. And the respective reaction conditions are not limited to those in the above-described embodiment, which is only one specific embodiment. For example, in the second step of the first embodiment, na 2S2O3 may be any one of 3 to 4mmol, such as 3mmol, 3.2mmol, 3.6mmol or 4mmol, and the resulting catalyst may require an overpotential of 215mV and 284mV at 10 mA.cm -2 and 1000 mA.cm -2, respectively, and may be stably operated at 1000 mA.cm -2 for 2000 hours or more. For another example, in step three of the above embodiment, fe (molar ratio of NO 3)3·9H2 O to H 3Mo12O40P·xH2 O is any one of 1:3.5-4.5, such as 1:3.5, 1:3.6, 1:4.1 or 1:4.5), the final catalyst requires 215mV and 284mV over-potential at 10mA cm -2 and 1000mA cm -2, respectively, and can stably operate for more than 2000 hours at 1000mA cm -2.
Embodiment two:
This example two differs from the above example one only in that the Fe (NO 3)3·9H2 O and H 3Mo12O40P·xH2 O ratios are changed, in which example two Fe (NO 3)3·9H2 O and H 3Mo12O40P·xH2 O molar ratio is 1:5. The final preparation of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulphide-nickel foam material requires an overpotential of 225mV and 337mV at 10mA cm -2 and 1000mA cm -2, respectively.
Embodiment III:
This third example differs from the second example only in the change of the holding temperature in the hydrothermal process in the third step. In this example III, the reaction was carried out at 150℃for 12 hours. The final preparation of the obtained iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material requires an overpotential of 241mV and 380mV at 10mA cm -2 and 1000mA cm -2, respectively.
Embodiment four:
this example IV differs from the second example above only in the amount of Na 2S2O3 in the second step and in the Fe (NO 3)3·9H2 O and H 3Mo12O40P·xH2 O ratio) in the third step. In this example IV, the amount of Na 2S2O3 is 5mmol. The final preparation of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulphide-nickel foam material requires an overpotential of 237mV and 356mV at 10mA cm -2 and 1000mA cm -2, respectively.
The stability of the foregoing examples two to four is inferior to that of the first example, but is also very high compared to the prior art, and can be stably operated at 1000mA cm -2 for at least 500 hours.
By now it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications that are consistent with the general principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be understood and deemed to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (7)
1. The oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is characterized in that the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst is a nickel sulfide-foam nickel material co-doped with iron and molybdenum, wherein the foam nickel is a base material;
the microstructure of the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material is a double-layer structure with an upper layer and a lower layer, the lower layer is a needle-shaped or rod-shaped nano array structure, and the upper layer is a layered multi-crack structure;
The material of the lower layer structure is nickel sulfide-foam nickel material, and the material of the upper layer structure comprises iron element and molybdenum element;
the molar ratio of the iron element to the molybdenum element in the iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-nickel foam material is any value in the range of 1:1-5.
2. The oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the iron element is in a trivalent state or more and the molybdenum element is in a hexavalent state.
3. The oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least part of the cracks in the upper layer structure expose the top of the needle-like or rod-like nano array structure.
4. A method for preparing the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
Providing foam nickel;
performing in-situ vulcanization on the foam nickel by utilizing a hydrothermal method to obtain a nickel sulfide-foam nickel material;
Doping iron element and molybdenum element on the nickel sulfide-foam nickel material by utilizing a hydrothermal method to obtain an iron and molybdenum co-doped nickel sulfide-foam nickel material;
the iron source in the hydrothermal method is selected as ferric iron inorganic salt;
the molybdenum source in the hydrothermal method is selected as molybdate or phosphomolybdic acid;
The molar ratio of the iron source to the molybdenum source in the hydrothermal method is any value in the range of 1:1-5;
The reaction condition of the hydrothermal method is that the temperature is increased from the room temperature of 25 ℃ to 90-210 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and then the reaction is kept at one of the temperatures of 90-210 ℃ for 4-12h.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein,
The molybdate is sodium molybdate or ammonium molybdate.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step of obtaining a nickel sulfide-nickel foam material by in-situ sulfidation on the nickel foam using a hydrothermal method, the sulfidation raw material in the hydrothermal method comprises sodium sulfide, formamidine, thioacetamide or sodium thiosulfate.
7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein in the step of obtaining a nickel sulfide-nickel foam material by performing in-situ sulfidation on the nickel foam using a hydrothermal method, the reaction condition of the hydrothermal method is that the temperature is raised from room temperature 25 ℃ to 90-210 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and then the reaction is kept at one of the temperatures of 90-210 ℃ for 4-12 hours.
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