CN116031864A - Energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC balance - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC balance, which mainly comprises a consistency control module, an improved SOC balance module, a virtual voltage drop balance module, a voltage compensation module and a voltage and current double-loop control module. Through the consistency control module, each energy storage unit only needs to exchange information with adjacent communication nodes, the average value of the SOC, the virtual voltage drop and the like of the energy storage system can be obtained without a central controller, the local information of the SOC, the virtual voltage drop and the like is respectively combined with the average value of the SOC and the virtual voltage drop of the energy storage system through the SOC equalizer and the virtual voltage drop equalizer, the SOC equalization and the current accurate distribution of the energy storage units with different capacities in the direct current micro-grid are realized, and the voltage compensation module is introduced in the improved droop control, so that the output voltage of the energy storage system is maintained within the rated voltage range, and the stability of the system is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power distribution of a direct-current micro-grid distributed energy storage system, in particular to an energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC balance.
Background
In recent years, direct current micro-grids have received attention because of their characteristics of reliability, expandability, high efficiency, and the like. Compared with an alternating-current micro-grid, the direct-current micro-grid has a plurality of advantages, can be effectively connected with a photovoltaic, energy storage, fuel cells and other distributed power sources which have direct-current characteristics in nature, does not need to consider the problems of phase, frequency, reactive power and the like, is relatively simple to control, and has wide application prospects. In order to meet the electricity demand of remote areas such as islands, mountain areas and the like, various energy sources can be utilized to form an independent direct current micro-grid. The independent direct current micro-grid is required to be provided with an energy storage unit with a certain capacity so as to consume the redundant energy of the renewable energy sources or play a role in compensating when the renewable energy sources are insufficient in output. In order to meet the power class requirement of the micro-grid, a plurality of energy storage units are often required to be configured in parallel to form a distributed energy storage system, wherein the capacities of the energy storage units may not be consistent. In the distributed energy storage system, an energy storage unit is connected to a direct current bus through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the charging and discharging processes of the energy storage unit are controlled by the bidirectional DC-DC converter. In order to avoid the unbalance of the state of charge (SOC) of each energy storage unit and the over-charge or over-discharge, thereby influencing the service life of the energy storage unit and the stability of the micro-grid, the output current and the SOC of the energy storage unit need to be coordinated and controlled, and the accurate distribution of the output current of each energy storage unit according to the capacity proportion and the balance of the SOC are ensured.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
1) In the consistency control module, the state of charge SOC of each energy storage unit in the energy storage system is detected i And virtual pressure drop V i Obtaining the charge state average value SOC of the energy storage system through a consistency algorithm avg And virtual pressure drop average value V avg Wherein the expression of the consistency algorithm is:
wherein each energy storage unit is regarded as a node, X i (k)＝[SOC avgi (k)，V avgi (k)]、X i (k+1)＝{SOC avgi (k+1)，V avgi (k+1)]Respectively, the estimated value of the node i on the average value of the whole network data in the kth iteration and the kth+1th iteration, X j (k)＝[SOC avgj (k)，V avgj (k)]For node j to estimate the average value of the whole network data at the kth iteration, D ij (k)、D ij (k+1) is the cumulative difference between the estimated values of node i and node j at the kth and kth+1 iterations, N i Epsilon represents a constant weight, a, related to the communication topology, for the set of nodes connected to node i ij Representing the connection state between the ith node and the jth node, a ij =1 indicates that neighboring nodes are connected to each other, a ij =0 indicates that the nodes are not connected, and under the action of the dynamic consistency algorithm, the state of charge iteration value SOC of each energy storage unit avgi And virtual pressure drop iteration value V avgi Average state of charge SOC to be converged to energy storage system respectively avg And virtual pressure drop average value V avg The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Initial difference cumulative quantity D of node i and node j estimated values ij (0)＝[0，0，0]The value range of the constant weight epsilon is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.
2) In the improved SOC balance module, the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system is averaged avg And state of charge SOC of the energy storage unit i Dividing and subtracting the coefficient 1 to obtain a control coefficient alpha i Will control coefficient alpha i Taking the inverse power of the equalization adjustment coefficient n and adding the coefficient 1 to obtain a result which is multiplied by the initial value R of the sagging coefficient of the local energy storage unit oi Obtaining the droop coefficient R after the adjustment of the local energy storage unit i I.e. the adjusted sag factor R i The expression of (2) is:
the value range of the balance adjustment coefficient n is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 49, n is an odd number, and the initial value R of the sagging coefficient oi The value of the (c) is required to be as follows,
wherein C is i Is the rated capacity of the ith energy storage unit.
3) In the virtual pressure drop balancing module, the adjusted droop coefficient R i Multiplying the output current I of the local energy storage unit i Obtaining virtual voltage drop V of local energy storage unit i Virtual voltage drop average value V of energy storage system avg And virtual voltage drop V of the local energy storage unit i Subtracting to obtain virtual pressure drop error DeltaV i Virtual pressure drop error DeltaV i PI controller G through virtual voltage drop equalization link PI1 After the adjustment of(s), the output current distribution accuracy compensation amount Deltau Ii 。
4) In the voltage compensation module, bus voltage reference value V ref And the energy storage system outputs bus voltage V bus The difference value of (2) passes through a voltage compensation link PI controller G PI2 (s) generating a voltage compensation amount Deltau after the adjustment Vi To compensate the voltage drop of the bus, the reference value V of the bus voltage is calculated ref Virtual voltage drop V with local energy storage unit i Subtracting, adding the current distribution precision compensation quantity delta u Ii And a voltage compensation amount Deltau Vi Obtaining the voltage reference value V of the output capacitor after introducing virtual impedance refi 。
5) In the voltage-current double-loop control module, a virtual impedance is introduced to output a capacitor voltage reference value V refi And the local energy storage unit outputs capacitor voltage V ci After subtraction, the signals pass through a voltage ring PI controller G PI3 (s) obtaining a reference current I refi Output inductive current I with the local energy storage unit Li After subtraction, the current passes through a current loop PI controller G PI4 (s) obtaining a driving voltage u si Drive voltage u si And then the modulated signal is obtained by comparing the modulated signal with the triangular carrier.
Compared with the prior art, the principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows:
the invention discloses an energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC balance, which mainly comprises a consistency control module, an improved SOC balance module, a virtual voltage drop balance module, a voltage compensation module and a voltage and current double-loop control module. Through the consistency control module, each energy storage unit only needs to exchange information with adjacent communication nodes, the average value of the SOC, the virtual voltage drop and the like of the energy storage system can be obtained without a central controller, the local information of the SOC, the virtual voltage drop and the like is respectively combined with the average value of the SOC and the virtual voltage drop of the energy storage system through the SOC equalizer and the virtual voltage drop equalizer, the SOC equalization and the current accurate distribution of the energy storage units with different capacities in the direct current micro-grid are realized, and the voltage compensation module is introduced in the improved droop control, so that the output voltage of the energy storage system is maintained within the rated voltage range, and the stability of the system is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a main circuit diagram of an energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC equalization in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of an energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC equalization in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a waveform of an SOC of a conventional control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a SOC waveform with an improved control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram of the output current of a conventional control strategy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of output current waveforms for an improved control strategy in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of a bus voltage waveform for a conventional control strategy in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of bus voltage waveforms for an improved control strategy in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
fig. 1 is a main circuit diagram of a power distribution strategy of an energy storage system based on improved SOC balance, the energy storage system is formed by parallel connection of j energy storage units through DC-DC converters, where i=1, 2, …，j，DESU i Is any energy storage unit, V ci To output the capacitance voltage I i To output current, R linei R is the corresponding line impedance load Is the load resistance.
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of an energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC equalization, including the steps of:
in the consistency control module, the state of charge SOC of each energy storage unit in the energy storage system is detected i And virtual pressure drop V i Obtaining the charge state average value SOC of the energy storage system through a consistency algorithm avg And virtual pressure drop average value V avg Wherein the expression of the consistency algorithm is:
wherein each energy storage unit is regarded as a node, X i (k)＝[SOC avgi (k)，V avgi (k)]、X i (k+1)＝[SOC avgi (k+1)，V avgi (k+1)]Respectively, the estimated value of the node i on the average value of the whole network data in the kth iteration and the kth+1th iteration, X j (k)＝[SOC avgj (k)，V avgj (k)]For node j to estimate the average value of the whole network data at the kth iteration, D ij (k)、D ij (k+1) is the cumulative difference between the estimated values of node i and node j at the kth and kth+1 iterations, N i Epsilon represents a constant weight, a, related to the communication topology, for the set of nodes connected to node i ij Representing the connection state between the ith node and the jth node, a ij =1 indicates that neighboring nodes are connected to each other, a ij =0 indicates that the nodes are not connected, and under the action of the dynamic consistency algorithm, the state of charge iteration value SOC of each energy storage unit avgi And virtual pressure drop iteration value V avgi Average state of charge SOC to be converged to energy storage system respectively avg And virtual pressure drop average value V avg The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Initial difference cumulative quantity D of node i and node j estimated values ij (0)＝[0，0，0]Value range of constant weight epsilonThe surrounding is that epsilon is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.
In the improved SOC balance module, the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system is averaged avg And state of charge SOC of the energy storage unit i Dividing and subtracting the coefficient 1 to obtain a control coefficient alpha i Will control coefficient alpha i Taking the inverse power of the equalization adjustment coefficient n and adding the coefficient 1 to obtain a result which is multiplied by the initial value R of the sagging coefficient of the local energy storage unit oi Obtaining the droop coefficient R after the adjustment of the local energy storage unit i I.e. the adjusted sag factor R i The expression of (2) is:
the value range of the balance adjustment coefficient n is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 49, n is an odd number, and the initial value R of the sagging coefficient oi The value of the (c) is required to be as follows,
wherein C is i Is the rated capacity of the ith energy storage unit.
In the virtual pressure drop balancing module, the adjusted droop coefficient R i Multiplying the output current I of the local energy storage unit i Obtaining virtual voltage drop V of local energy storage unit i Virtual voltage drop average value V of energy storage system avg And virtual voltage drop V of the local energy storage unit i Subtracting to obtain virtual pressure drop error DeltaV i Virtual pressure drop error DeltaV i PI controller G through virtual voltage drop equalization link PI1 After the adjustment of(s), the output current distribution accuracy compensation amount Deltau Ii 。
In the voltage compensation module, bus voltage reference value V ref And the energy storage system outputs bus voltage V bus The difference value of (2) passes through a voltage compensation link PI controller G PI2 (s) generating a voltage compensation amount Deltau after the adjustment Vi To compensate the voltage drop of the bus, the reference value V of the bus voltage is calculated ref Virtual voltage drop V with local energy storage unit i Subtracting, adding the current distribution precision compensation quantity delta u Ii And voltage compensationQuantity Deltau Vi Obtaining the voltage reference value V of the output capacitor after introducing virtual impedance refi 。
In the voltage-current double-loop control module, a virtual impedance is introduced to output a capacitor voltage reference value V refi And the local energy storage unit outputs capacitor voltage V ci After subtraction, the signals pass through a voltage ring PI controller G PI3 (s) obtaining a reference current I refi Output inductive current I with the local energy storage unit Li After subtraction, the current passes through a current loop PI controller G PI4 (s) obtaining a driving voltage u si Drive voltage u si And then the modulated signal is obtained by comparing the modulated signal with the triangular carrier.
Fig. 3 and 4 are diagrams of SOC waveforms of a conventional control strategy and an improved control strategy, respectively, in which the energy storage system is composed of four energy storage units of different capacities, the capacity ratio is C 1 ∶C 2 ∶C 3 ∶C 4 The initial droop coefficients of the four energy storage units are scaled according to the reciprocal of the capacity, thus the initial droop coefficient R of each energy storage unit oi Satisfy R o1 ∶R o2 ∶R o3 ∶R o4 The actual values are 1/3, 0.5, respectively=1:1:1.5:1.5. The initial SOC is 90%, 85%, 83% and 87% respectively, the line impedance of the four energy storage units is 0.50Ω, 0.60deg.OMEGA, 0.54Ω and 0.40Ω respectively, and the bus voltage reference value V ref =400V, the equalization adjustment coefficient n=7. Under the traditional control strategy, in the four energy storage units SOC, the energy storage units with the same capacity and the same initial sagging coefficient are always kept parallel, the SOC difference value is always kept unchanged, and the SOC values of the four energy storage units are not consistent at the end of simulation. Under the improved control strategy, for the energy storage units with larger initial values of the SOC, the discharge speed is faster, the SOC is reduced faster, for the energy storage units with smaller initial values of the SOC, the discharge speed is slower, the SOC is reduced slower, and when the simulation time reaches 2.82 seconds, the SOCs of the four energy storage units are equal, and then the energy storage units are reduced at the same reduction rate all the time, so that dynamic balance is achieved.
Fig. 5 and 6 are graphs of output current waveforms of a conventional control strategy and an improved control strategy, under the conventional control strategy, output currents of four energy storage units are 8.67A, 7.77A, 6.95A and 8.05A respectively, and a difference between the output currents is kept unchanged all the time in a simulation process, so that the currents cannot be distributed in proportion to the capacities of the energy storage units. Under the improved droop control strategy, for the energy storage units with larger capacity, the output current is larger, the output currents of the energy storage units with the same capacity and the same initial droop coefficient slowly approach along with the longer discharge time, and balance is achieved at 3.06 seconds, at the moment, the output currents of the four energy storage units are respectively 9.6A, 6.4A and 6.4A, 1.5:1:1:1 is met, and along with the progress of simulation, the output currents of the energy storage units are always kept at balance.
Fig. 7 and 8 are graphs of the output bus voltage waveforms of the conventional control strategy and the modified control strategy, respectively, under the conventional droop control, the bus voltage is only 393V, since the virtual impedance is introduced, and thus the bus voltage drops by 7V compared to the reference voltage. With the improved droop control strategy, the bus voltage is 400V, since the voltage compensation module is introduced, eliminating the sag in the bus voltage.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so variations in shape and principles of the present invention should be covered.
Claims (3)
1. An energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC equalization, comprising the steps of:
1) In the consistency control module, the state of charge SOC of each energy storage unit in the energy storage system is detected i And virtual pressure drop V i Obtaining the charge state average value SOC of the energy storage system through a consistency algorithm avg And virtual pressure drop average value V avg Wherein the expression of the consistency algorithm is:
in the process, each energy storage unit is seenAs a node X i (k)＝[SOC avgi (k)，V avgi (k)]、X i (k+1)＝[SOC avgi (k+1)，V avgi (k+1)]Respectively, the estimated value of the node i on the average value of the whole network data in the kth iteration and the kth+1th iteration, X j (k)＝[SOC avgj (k)，V avgj (k)]For node j to estimate the average value of the whole network data at the kth iteration, D ij (k)、D ij (k+1) is the cumulative difference between the estimated values of node i and node j at the kth and kth+1 iterations, N i Epsilon represents a constant weight, a, related to the communication topology, for the set of nodes connected to node i ij Representing the connection state between the ith node and the jth node, a ij =1 indicates that neighboring nodes are connected to each other, a ij =0 indicates that the nodes are not connected, and under the action of the dynamic consistency algorithm, the state of charge iteration value SOC of each energy storage unit avgi And virtual pressure drop iteration value V avgi Average state of charge SOC to be converged to energy storage system respectively avg And virtual pressure drop average value V avg ；
2) In the improved SOC balance module, the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage system is averaged avg And state of charge SOC of the energy storage unit i Dividing and subtracting the coefficient 1 to obtain a control coefficient alpha i Will control coefficient alpha i Taking the inverse power of the equalization adjustment coefficient n and adding the coefficient 1 to obtain a result which is multiplied by the initial value R of the sagging coefficient of the local energy storage unit oi Obtaining the droop coefficient R after the adjustment of the local energy storage unit i I.e. the adjusted sag factor R i The expression of (2) is:
3) In the virtual pressure drop balancing module, the adjusted droop coefficient R i Multiplying the output current I of the local energy storage unit i Obtaining virtual voltage drop V of local energy storage unit i Virtual voltage drop average value V of energy storage system avg And virtual voltage drop V of the local energy storage unit i Subtracting to obtain virtual pressure drop error DeltaV i Virtual pressure drop error DeltaV i PI controller G through virtual voltage drop equalization link PI1 After the adjustment of(s), the output current distribution accuracy compensation amount Deltau Ii ；
4) In the voltage compensation module, bus voltage reference value V ref And the energy storage system outputs bus voltage V bus The difference value of (2) passes through a voltage compensation link PI controller G PI2 (s) generating a voltage compensation amount after the adjustment
To compensate the voltage drop of the bus, the reference value V of the bus voltage ref Virtual voltage drop V with local energy storage unit i Subtracting, adding the current distribution precision compensation quantity delta u Ii And voltage compensation quantity->
Obtaining the voltage reference value V of the output capacitor after introducing virtual impedance refi ；
5) In the voltage-current double-loop control module, a virtual impedance is introduced to output a capacitor voltage reference value V refi And the local energy storage unit outputs capacitor voltage V ci After subtraction, the signals pass through a voltage ring PI controller G PI3 (s) obtaining a reference current I refi Output inductive current I with the local energy storage unit Li After subtraction, the current passes through a current loop PI controller G PI4 (s) obtaining a driving voltage u si Drive voltage u si And then the modulated signal is obtained by comparing the modulated signal with the triangular carrier.
2. The energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC equalization of claim 1, wherein in step 1), an initial difference, cumulative amount D, of node i and node j estimates ij (0)＝[0，0，0]The value range of the constant weight epsilon is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.5.
3. The energy storage system power distribution strategy based on improved SOC equalization of claim 1, wherein step 2) Wherein the value range of the balance adjustment coefficient n is more than or equal to 5 and less than or equal to 49, n is an odd number, and the initial value R of the sagging coefficient oi The value of the (c) is required to be as follows,
wherein C is i Is the rated capacity of the ith energy storage unit. />
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