CN116031448A - Humidity dynamic control method of hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents

Humidity dynamic control method of hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen fuel cell Download PDF

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CN116031448A
CN116031448A CN202310319949.7A CN202310319949A CN116031448A CN 116031448 A CN116031448 A CN 116031448A CN 202310319949 A CN202310319949 A CN 202310319949A CN 116031448 A CN116031448 A CN 116031448A
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gas
fuel cell
gas flow
hydrogen fuel
humidifier
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商哲
赵辛蒙
陶晓冰
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Beijing Ruixing Intelligent Control Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Ruixing Intelligent Control Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310464629.0A priority patent/CN116314967B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
    • H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention provides a humidity dynamic control method of a hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises the steps of adjusting the gas flow of reaction gas supplied to a gas flow module by the gas supply module by dynamically controlling an electromagnetic valve based on a pre-constructed gas supply model and the gas flow required by the gas flow module; the gas flow module controls the reaction gas to carry out electrochemical reaction through an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and determines the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell; and controlling the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas. The method can accurately control the hydrogen humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell, so that the hydrogen fuel cell achieves the highest efficiency.

Description

Humidity dynamic control method of hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen fuel cell
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and in particular, to a method for dynamically controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell and a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The cathode air inlet subsystem of the hydrogen fuel cell regulates the air compressor to provide air with flow rate required by the cell stack, so as to prevent oxygen starvation on the cathode side of the cell stack, and an exhaust valve is arranged at the cathode to purge a gas flow passage to remove redundant water, unreacted nitrogen and other gases. Because the too large cathode and anode pressure difference can damage the breakdown proton exchange membrane, it is important to control the anode pressure. The higher flow of hydrogen is favorable for electrochemical reaction, and the gas circulation pump is controlled to realize stable hydrogen metering ratio and improve the performance of the fuel cell.
The main function of the gas humidification system is to humidify the cathode and anode gases entering the reactor to make the relative humidity reach the target value. In the operation of the fuel cell, the hydrogen ions in the electric pile are transported by carrying water molecules, and the electrochemical reaction generates water molecules at the cathode. The too high humidity in the gas flow channel can form liquid water to form a flooding phenomenon, which is unfavorable for conveying gas, and the too low humidity can lead the moisture of the proton exchange membrane to be insufficient, so that the electrolyte performance of the proton exchange membrane is greatly reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell can be endangered when the water loss is serious.
Therefore, accurate control of humidity according to the corresponding temperature is required to ensure the normal and effective operation of the hydrogen fuel cell.
The information disclosed in the background section of this application is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of this application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a humidity dynamic control method of a hydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen fuel cell, which can solve the problem of insufficient control precision of the hydrogen humidity of the hydrogen fuel cell in the prior art.
In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention,
There is provided a hydrogen humidity automatic regulation control method of a hydrogen fuel cell, the method being applied to a hydrogen fuel cell including a gas supply module, a gas flow module, a solenoid valve, a humidifier, the method comprising:
adjusting a gas flow rate of a reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on a previously constructed gas supply model and a gas flow rate required by the gas flow module;
the gas flow module controls the reactant gas to carry out electrochemical reaction through an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and determines the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the operation state comprises a first operation state and a second operation state, the first operation state is used for indicating that the pile current generated by the electrochemical reaction is lower than a preset current threshold, and the second operation state is used for indicating that the pile current is higher than the preset current threshold;
and controlling the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the adjusting the gas flow rate of the reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on the pre-constructed gas supply model and the gas flow rate required by the gas flow module includes:
determining a maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, a gas critical pressure value and attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve based on a pre-constructed gas supply model, wherein the attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve comprise at least one of an opening area of the electromagnetic valve, a nozzle flow rate and an oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic valve;
dynamically controlling the electromagnetic valve according to the gas flow required by the gas flow module, and determining an actual gas pressure value in the gas supply module according to the actual gas flow and the maximum gas volume;
if the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value, keeping the current attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve unchanged;
and if the actual gas pressure value is larger than the gas critical pressure value, adjusting the current attribute parameter of the electromagnetic valve until the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the adjusting the gas flow rate of the reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on the pre-constructed gas supply model and the gas flow rate required by the gas flow module further includes:
the gas flow rate of the reaction gas was determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Lthe flow rate of the reaction gas supply amount is represented,C out indicating the opening area of the solenoid valve,Arepresenting the nozzle flow rate of the solenoid valve,windicating the oscillation frequency of the solenoid valve,yrepresenting the magnetic damping coefficient of the solenoid valve,P 1 、P max respectively representing the actual gas pressure value and the gas critical pressure value of the gas supply module,Kthe thermal coefficient of proportionality of air is indicated,Rrepresenting the universal gas constant.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the gas flow module controls the reaction gas to carry out electrochemical reaction through an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and the method comprises the following steps:
according to the first gas flow of the reaction gas flowing into the anode flow channel, the consumption of the reaction gas consumed by the anode flow channel, the water flow of the proton exchange membrane passing through the anode flow channel, the pressure sum of each component gas of the reaction gas in the anode flow channel and the volume of the anode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, a first electrochemical reaction model is constructed, and the anode current is determined;
According to the second gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing into the cathode flow channel, the third gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing out of the cathode flow channel, a second electrochemical reaction model is constructed through the mass fraction of each component in the reaction gas, the gas constant of each component in the reaction gas and the volume of the cathode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, and the cathode current is determined;
and determining the pile current according to the anode current, the cathode current and the number of single batteries in the pile.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
controlling the humidifier by a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the implementation of the humidity control of the gas comprises the following steps:
if the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the first operating state,
and determining the cathode pressure and the anode pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the pile current, and controlling a valve signal of the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the pressure difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
and controlling the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the method for controlling the humidity of the gas further comprises the following steps:
If the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the second operating state,
taking the current difference value between the pile current and a preset current threshold value as a state interference vector,
determining a deviation state vector through an objective function corresponding to the preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the objective control vector corresponding to the humidifier and the state interference vector;
and determining the control quantity of the humidifier through a local optimization algorithm according to the deviation state vector, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
determining the control quantity of the humidifier through a local optimization algorithm according to the deviation state vector, and realizing the humidity control of the gas comprises the following steps:
wherein ,Zthe control amount is indicated as such, vindicating the relative humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,Mrepresenting the molar mass of the humidifier inlet gas,kindicating a target humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,ethe representation is made of a combination of a first and a second color,W m the target control vector is represented as such,W s the state interference vector is represented as such,hrepresenting the disturbance input(s),f(x)representing a state transition function.
In a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a hydrogen fuel cell including a gas supply module, a gas flow module, a solenoid valve, a humidifier, further including:
A first unit for adjusting a gas flow rate of a reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on a previously constructed gas supply model and a gas flow rate required by the gas flow module;
the second unit is used for controlling the reactant gas to perform electrochemical reaction through the anode flow channel, the cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and determining the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the operation state comprises a first operation state and a second operation state, the first operation state is used for indicating that the electric pile current generated by performing the electrochemical reaction is lower than a preset current threshold, and the second operation state is used for indicating that the electric pile current is higher than the preset current threshold;
and the third unit is used for controlling the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the first unit is further configured to:
determining a maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, a gas critical pressure value and attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve based on a pre-constructed gas supply model, wherein the attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve comprise at least one of an opening area of the electromagnetic valve, a nozzle flow rate and an oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic valve;
Dynamically controlling the electromagnetic valve according to the gas flow required by the gas flow module, and determining an actual gas pressure value in the gas supply module according to the actual gas flow and the maximum gas volume;
if the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value, keeping the current attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve unchanged;
and if the actual gas pressure value is larger than the gas critical pressure value, adjusting the current attribute parameter of the electromagnetic valve until the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the first unit is further configured to:
the gas flow rate of the reaction gas was determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Lthe flow rate of the reaction gas supply amount is represented,C out indicating the opening area of the solenoid valve,Arepresenting the nozzle flow rate of the solenoid valve,windicating the oscillation frequency of the solenoid valve,yrepresenting the magnetic damping coefficient of the solenoid valve,P 1 、P max respectively representing the actual gas pressure value and the gas critical pressure value of the gas supply module,Kthe thermal coefficient of proportionality of air is indicated,Rrepresenting the universal gas constant.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the second unit is further configured to:
According to the first gas flow of the reaction gas flowing into the anode flow channel, the consumption of the reaction gas consumed by the anode flow channel, the water flow of the proton exchange membrane passing through the anode flow channel, the pressure of each component gas of the reaction gas in the anode flow channel and the volume of the anode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, a first electrochemical reaction model is constructed, and the anode current is determined;
according to the second gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing into the cathode flow channel, the third gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing out of the cathode flow channel, a second electrochemical reaction model is constructed through the mass fraction of each component in the reaction gas, the gas constant of each component in the reaction gas and the volume of the cathode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, and the cathode current is determined;
and determining the pile current according to the anode current, the cathode current and the number of single batteries in the pile.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the third unit is further configured to:
if the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the first operating state,
and determining the cathode pressure and the anode pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the pile current, and controlling a valve signal of the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the pressure difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure to realize the humidity control of the gas.
The third unit is further configured to:
if the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the second operating state,
taking the current difference value between the pile current and a preset current threshold value as a state interference vector,
determining a deviation state vector through an objective function corresponding to the preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the objective control vector corresponding to the humidifier and the state interference vector;
and determining the control quantity of the humidifier through a local optimization algorithm according to the deviation state vector, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the third unit is further configured to:
the control amount of the humidifier is determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Zthe control amount is indicated as such, vindicating the relative humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,Mrepresenting the molar mass of the humidifier inlet gas,kindicating a target humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,ethe representation is made of a combination of a first and a second color,W m the target control vector is represented as such,W s the state interference vector is represented as such,hrepresenting the disturbance input(s),f(x)representing a state transition function.
In a third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a humidity dynamic control apparatus of a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
a processor;
A memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method described previously.
In a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method as described above.
The method can adjust the gas flow of the reaction gas supplied to the gas flow module by the gas supply module by dynamically controlling the electromagnetic valve, the gas supply model can determine the maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, the gas critical pressure value and the attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve, ensure that the gas supply module works in a normal state, control the related attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve, accurately adjust the output gas flow, realize stable hydrogen metering ratio and improve the performance of the fuel cell;
the reaction gas is controlled to carry out electrochemical reaction according to a pre-constructed gas flow model, so that the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell can be controlled according to the current of a galvanic pile, and corresponding control strategies can be given pointedly according to the running states of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the accuracy of the subsequent humidity control is improved;
According to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell, the humidification humidity of the humidifier to the gas is controlled through a preset fuzzy control algorithm, the problem that the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell is affected due to the fact that the humidity in a gas flow module is too high and the humidity is too low is effectively solved, external disturbance can be effectively restrained, and the robustness of the algorithm is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for dynamically controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of determining a pile current according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not mean that the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be understood that in the present invention, "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements that are expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that in the present invention, "plurality" means two or more. "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing an association object, and means that three relationships may exist, for example, and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. "comprising A, B and C", "comprising A, B, C" means that all three of A, B, C comprise, "comprising A, B or C" means that one of the three comprises A, B, C, and "comprising A, B and/or C" means that any 1 or any 2 or 3 of the three comprises A, B, C.
It should be understood that in the present invention, "B corresponding to a", "a corresponding to B", or "B corresponding to a" means that B is associated with a, from which B can be determined. Determining B from a does not mean determining B from a alone, but may also determine B from a and/or other information. The matching of A and B is that the similarity of A and B is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value.
As used herein, "if" may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection" depending on the context.
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below by specific examples. The following embodiments may be combined with each other, and some embodiments may not be repeated for the same or similar concepts or processes.
A hydrogen fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy. The basic principle is that the reverse reaction of electrolyzed water supplies hydrogen and oxygen to the anode and the cathode respectively, and after hydrogen diffuses outwards through the anode and reacts with electrolyte, electrons are released and reach the cathode through an external load. The hydrogen fuel cell is used with a need to ensure the relative humidity of the stack to be optimally controlled between 90-98%, and if the humidity is close to or exceeds 100%, liquid water can block the catalyst electrode and reduce the effective void fraction of the gas diffusion layer, and can potentially flood the effluent, resulting in unacceptable voltage drop. If the humidity is too low, dehydration can occur, so that performance is deteriorated and even the battery is damaged, and meanwhile, the higher the temperature in the electric pile is, the moisture in the electric pile is accelerated to run off, so that the accurate control of the humidity is required according to the corresponding temperature, and the normal and effective operation of the hydrogen fuel battery is ensured.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a humidity dynamic control method of a hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s101, dynamically controlling the electromagnetic valve to adjust the gas flow rate of the reaction gas supplied to the gas flow module by the gas supply module based on a pre-constructed gas supply model and the gas flow rate required by the gas flow module;
the function of the gas supply module is to continuously supply hydrogen required by the reaction to the electric pile, and the gas supply module needs to ensure that a proper amount of hydrogen enters the fuel cell system at the moment, so that the electrochemical reaction can continuously occur, the requirement of uninterrupted outward power generation of the electric pile is met, and simultaneously, the hydrogen is safely stored and transported and the tail hydrogen is treated.
Because all components in the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system cannot be directly connected, insulating rubber pipelines are required to be connected, and in order to ensure the accuracy of a hydrogen fuel cell air supply system model, the pipelines in the air supply system are required to be modeled, so that the overall research of the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system is facilitated, and the deviation of the model is reduced.
Illustratively, the gas supply model of the embodiment of the present invention can determine the maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, the gas critical pressure value, and the attribute parameters of the solenoid valve, where the maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, that is, the maximum volume of the mathematical model corresponding to the gas supply module; the gas critical pressure value, namely, the pressure value corresponding to the maximum gas which can be accommodated by the gas supply module; the attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve comprise at least one of opening area of the valve, flow coefficient of the nozzle and damping coefficient of the electromagnetic valve;
It can be understood that the electromagnetic valve plays a key role in the hydrogen and air supply systems, the electromagnetic valve controls the opening area of the valve by the controller, and the flow of the reaction gas supply amount of the supply system is regulated, so that the reaction condition of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is determined, and the output performance of the hydrogen fuel cell is affected.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the adjusting the gas flow rate of the reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on the pre-constructed gas supply model and the gas flow rate required by the gas flow module includes:
determining a maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, a gas critical pressure value and attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve based on a pre-constructed gas supply model, wherein the attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve comprise at least one of an opening area of the electromagnetic valve, a nozzle flow rate and an oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic valve;
dynamically controlling the electromagnetic valve according to the gas flow required by the gas flow module, and determining an actual gas pressure value in the gas supply module according to the actual gas flow and the maximum gas volume;
If the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value, keeping the current attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve unchanged;
and if the actual gas pressure value is larger than the gas critical pressure value, adjusting the current attribute parameter of the electromagnetic valve until the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value.
Illustratively, the gas supply model according to the embodiment of the invention can be constructed by a mathematical method, and various types of parameters corresponding to the gas supply module, such as a maximum gas volume, a gas critical pressure value, and an attribute parameter of a solenoid valve, can be constructed mathematically, so that the overall study of the hydrogen fuel cell air supply system can be performed, and the deviation of the model can be reduced.
Alternatively, the actual gas pressure value in the gas supply module may be determined according to the actual gas flow and the maximum gas volume, and then the current attribute parameters of the solenoid valve may be adjusted according to the comparison relationship between the actual gas pressure value and the gas critical pressure value, that is,
if the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value, the gas supply module can meet the gas supply requirement, and the current attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve can be kept unchanged, namely the opening area of the valve can be kept unchanged;
If the actual gas pressure value is greater than the gas critical pressure value, it indicates that the gas supply module cannot meet the current gas supply flow, and the current attribute parameter of the solenoid valve needs to be adjusted, for example, the opening area of the valve of the solenoid valve can be reduced, and the gas flow passing through the solenoid valve is reduced.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the adjusting the gas flow rate of the reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on the pre-constructed gas supply model and the gas flow rate required by the gas flow module further includes:
the gas flow rate of the reaction gas was determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Lthe flow rate of the reaction gas supply amount is represented,C out indicating the opening area of the solenoid valve,Arepresenting the nozzle flow rate of the solenoid valve,windicating the oscillation frequency of the solenoid valve,yrepresenting the magnetic damping coefficient of the solenoid valve,P 1 、P max respectively representing the actual gas pressure value and the gas critical pressure value of the gas supply module,Kthe thermal coefficient of proportionality of air is indicated,Rrepresenting the universal gas constant.
S102, the gas flow module controls the reaction gas to carry out electrochemical reaction through an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell is determined;
Illustratively, the operating states include a first operating state for indicating that a stack current generated by performing an electrochemical reaction is below a preset current threshold and a second operating state for indicating that the stack current is above the preset current threshold;
the complex working condition of the hydrogen fuel cell determines that the power change range of an energy device-fuel cell is large, the traditional hydrogen supply system scheme adopts a single hydrogen recirculation mode, and the cyclic utilization of hydrogen in different operation states is difficult to consider, and the invention is divided into two operation states according to the current of a pile: a first operating state and a second operating state.
In the first running state, if the current of the electric pile is lower than a preset current threshold value, the hydrogen fuel cell can be considered to work in a normal state, and the valve signal of the humidifier can be controlled through a fuzzy control algorithm, so that the humidity control of the gas is realized, and the control mode is simpler;
in the second operation state, if the stack current is higher than the preset current threshold, it indicates that the hydrogen fuel cell operation mode needs to be controlled through complex control, so that the humidity of the gas is controlled.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of determining a pile current according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the gas flow module controls the reaction gas to perform electrochemical reaction through an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and the determining the pile current includes:
s201, constructing a first electrochemical reaction model according to the first gas flow of the reaction gas flowing into the anode flow channel, the consumption of the reaction gas consumed by the anode flow channel, the water flow of the proton exchange membrane passing through the anode flow channel, the pressure sum of each component gas of the reaction gas in the anode flow channel and the volume of the anode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, and determining anode current;
illustratively, the anode in the embodiment of the present invention adopts a dead-end manner, so that the discharge items are all zero. However, in order to avoid flooding and inert gas accumulation problems, the embodiment of the present invention periodically/irregularly opens the valve of the exhaust valve to exhaust the excess moisture or gas.
The method for determining the anode current according to the embodiment of the invention can be shown as the following formula:
wherein ,Isindicating the current at the anode and,dthe gas consumption coefficient is indicated as such,T 1 indicating the flow rate of the first gas, CIndicating the consumption amount of the reaction gas,Rwrepresents the flow of water through the proton exchange membrane of the anode flow channel,Pzrepresenting the sum of the pressures of the component gases,V1indicating the volume of the anode flow channels,oindicating the pore size coefficient of the anode.
S202, constructing a second electrochemical reaction model according to the second gas flow of the reaction gas flowing into the cathode flow channel, the third gas flow of the reaction gas flowing out of the cathode flow channel, the mass fraction of each component in the reaction gas, the gas constant of each component in the reaction gas and the volume of the cathode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, and determining cathode current;
the method for determining the cathode current according to the embodiment of the invention can be shown as the following formula:
wherein ,Inindicating the cathode current flow and,T 2 indicating the flow rate of the second gas,T 3 a third flow rate of the gas is indicated,dthe gas consumption coefficient is indicated as such,Cindicating the consumption amount of the reaction gas,Mwindicating the mass fractions of the components in the reaction gas,Ethe gas constants of the components in the reaction gas are indicated,V2representing the volume of the cathode flow channels.
S203, determining the pile current according to the anode current, the cathode current and the number of single batteries in the pile.
The method for determining the pile current according to the embodiment of the invention can be shown as the following formula:
wherein ,I D indicating the current of the electric pile,nindicating the number of unit cells in the stack,Aindicating the bias factor corresponding to the anode current,Bindicating the bias factor corresponding to the cathode current.
S103, controlling the humidifying humidity of the humidifier to the gas through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell.
Illustratively, the fuzzy control algorithm of the embodiment of the invention consists of three parts, namely fuzzification, fuzzy reasoning and anti-fuzzification. The fuzzy control algorithm mainly carries out fuzzy reasoning decision according to language rules. Fuzzy control is determined based on the empirical knowledge of an operator or domain expert and is a knowledge model that controls the controlled object. The fuzzy control algorithm is actually a set of multiple fuzzy condition sentences, and can be expressed as a fuzzy relation matrix from an input variable domain to a controlled variable domain, the function of fuzzy reasoning is to synthesize a fuzzy vector of an input variable and a fuzzy relation by adopting a proper reasoning method, thus obtaining the fuzzy vector definition of the controlled variable, which is the reverse process of the fuzzy definition, and the function of the fuzzy control algorithm is to transform the fuzzy quantity of the controlled variable obtained by the fuzzy reasoning into the definition quantity actually used for control.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
and controlling the humidifying humidity of the humidifier to the gas through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises the following steps:
if the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the first operating state,
and determining the cathode pressure and the anode pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the pile current, and controlling a valve signal of the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the pressure difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In the first operation state, if the current of the electric pile is lower than the preset current threshold, the hydrogen fuel cell can be considered to work in a normal state, and the valve signal of the humidifier can be controlled through a fuzzy control algorithm, so that the humidity control of the gas is realized, and the control mode is simpler; that is, the valve information of the humidifier is controlled by the pressure difference, so that the humidity of the gas can meet the preset requirement, and the air-break embodiment does not develop the valve information.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
and controlling the humidification humidity of the humidifier to the gas through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises:
If the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the second operating state,
taking the current difference value between the pile current and a preset current threshold value as a state interference vector,
determining a deviation state vector through an objective function corresponding to the preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the objective control vector corresponding to the humidifier and the state interference vector;
and determining the control quantity of the humidifier through a local optimization algorithm according to the deviation state vector, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
determining the control quantity of the humidifier through a local optimization algorithm according to the deviation state vector, and realizing the humidity control of the gas comprises the following steps:
the control amount of the humidifier is determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Zthe control amount is indicated as such, vindicating the relative humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,Mrepresenting the molar mass of the humidifier inlet gas,kindicating a target humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,ethe representation is made of a combination of a first and a second color,W m the target control vector is represented as such,W s the state interference vector is represented as such,hrepresenting the disturbance input(s),f(x)representing a state transition function.
The objective function of the embodiment of the present invention may be a state transition function, which is used to convert each state vector into a corresponding space matrix, so as to facilitate subsequent computation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, in the above simulation, by way of example, the stack voltage was reduced from 286V to 281V at 5 seconds, the voltage was peaked up to 292V at 10 seconds, and the voltage was quickly stabilized, because the hydrogen pressure was peaked at a sudden decrease in consumption amount at 10 seconds, and then the controller controlled the pressure to be quickly reduced to a stabilization point, and the stack voltage and the load current were inversely changed in the whole. The variation trend of the output power of the pile is consistent with the load current, and the variation range is within 5 kw. When the load current step rises, the cathode pressure difference and the anode pressure difference become smaller, and when the load current step falls, the pressure difference presents rising overpotential, which is caused by the pressure drop caused by the change of the hydrogen mass of the anode of the electric pile due to the load current, but the opening area of the flow control valve is controlled to enable the anode pressure to quickly return to a preset target value. The peak variation range of the pressure difference is between (0.1X10) Pa and (2X 10) Pa, and is stabilized around (1X 10) Pa.
The simulation result shows that the increase of the load current of the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell can reduce the output voltage, the output power of the electric pile is increased, the pressure difference between the cathode and the anode is reduced, and the hydrogen metering ratio is increased. Experimental results prove that the control algorithm of the embodiment of the invention can effectively inhibit external disturbance and keep the humidity of the control target at a stable value.
In a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a hydrogen fuel cell including a gas supply module, a gas flow module, a solenoid valve, and a humidifier, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, and further includes:
a first unit for adjusting a gas flow rate of a reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on a previously constructed gas supply model and a gas flow rate required by the gas flow module;
the second unit is used for controlling the reactant gas to perform electrochemical reaction through the anode flow channel, the cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and determining the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the operation state comprises a first operation state and a second operation state, the first operation state is used for indicating that the electric pile current generated by performing the electrochemical reaction is lower than a preset current threshold, and the second operation state is used for indicating that the electric pile current is higher than the preset current threshold;
and the third unit is used for controlling the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the first unit is further configured to:
determining a maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, a gas critical pressure value and attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve based on a pre-constructed gas supply model, wherein the attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve comprise at least one of an opening area of the electromagnetic valve, a nozzle flow rate and an oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic valve;
dynamically controlling the electromagnetic valve according to the gas flow required by the gas flow module, and determining an actual gas pressure value in the gas supply module according to the actual gas flow and the maximum gas volume;
if the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value, keeping the current attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve unchanged;
and if the actual gas pressure value is larger than the gas critical pressure value, adjusting the current attribute parameter of the electromagnetic valve until the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the first unit is further configured to:
the gas flow rate of the reaction gas was determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Lthe flow rate of the reaction gas supply amount is represented, C out Indicating the opening area of the solenoid valve,Arepresenting the nozzle flow rate of the solenoid valve,windicating the oscillation frequency of the solenoid valve,yrepresenting the magnetic damping coefficient of the solenoid valve,P 1 、P max respectively representing the actual gas pressure value and the gas critical pressure value of the gas supply module,Kthe thermal coefficient of proportionality of air is indicated,Rrepresenting the universal gas constant.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the second unit is further configured to:
according to the first gas flow of the reaction gas flowing into the anode flow channel, the consumption of the reaction gas consumed by the anode flow channel, the water flow of the proton exchange membrane passing through the anode flow channel, the pressure of each component gas of the reaction gas in the anode flow channel and the volume of the anode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, a first electrochemical reaction model is constructed, and the anode current is determined;
according to the second gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing into the cathode flow channel, the third gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing out of the cathode flow channel, a second electrochemical reaction model is constructed through the mass fraction of each component in the reaction gas, the gas constant of each component in the reaction gas and the volume of the cathode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, and the cathode current is determined;
And determining the pile current according to the anode current, the cathode current and the number of single batteries in the pile.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the third unit is further configured to:
if the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the first operating state,
and determining the cathode pressure and the anode pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the pile current, and controlling a valve signal of the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the pressure difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure to realize the humidity control of the gas.
The third unit is further configured to:
if the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the second operating state,
taking the current difference value between the pile current and a preset current threshold value as a state interference vector,
determining a deviation state vector through an objective function corresponding to the preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the objective control vector corresponding to the humidifier and the state interference vector;
and determining the control quantity of the humidifier through a local optimization algorithm according to the deviation state vector, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
the third unit is further configured to:
The control amount of the humidifier is determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Zthe control amount is indicated as such, vindicating the relative humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,Mrepresenting the molar mass of the humidifier inlet gas,kindicating a target humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,ethe representation is made of a combination of a first and a second color,W m the target control vector is represented as such,W s the state interference vector is represented as such,hrepresenting the disturbance input(s),f(x)representing a state transition function.
In a third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a humidity dynamic control apparatus of a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the method described previously.
In a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention,
there is provided a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method as described above.
The present invention may be a method, apparatus, system, and/or computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program instructions embodied thereon for performing various aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: portable computer disks, hard disks, random Access Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Disks (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical coding devices, punch cards or in-groove structures such as punch cards or grooves having instructions stored thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media, as used herein, are not to be construed as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., optical pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.
The computer readable program instructions described herein may be downloaded from a computer readable storage medium to a respective computing/processing device or to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmissions, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. The network interface card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
Computer program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembly instructions, instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or source or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, c++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, aspects of the present invention are implemented by personalizing electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs), with state information for computer readable program instructions, which can execute the computer readable program instructions.
Various aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processing unit of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processing unit of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable medium having the instructions stored therein includes an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other devices to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other devices implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
Note that all features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic set of equivalent or similar features. Where used, further, preferably, still further and preferably, the brief description of the other embodiment is provided on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, and further, preferably, further or more preferably, the combination of the contents of the rear band with the foregoing embodiment is provided as a complete construct of the other embodiment. A further embodiment is composed of several further, preferably, still further or preferably arrangements of the strips after the same embodiment, which may be combined arbitrarily.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention described above and shown in the drawings are by way of example only and are not limiting. The objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively achieved. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the examples and embodiments of the invention may be modified or practiced without departing from the principles described.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for dynamically controlling humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell, the method being applied to a hydrogen fuel cell including a gas supply module, a gas flow module, a solenoid valve, and a humidifier, the method comprising:
dynamically controlling the solenoid valve to adjust the gas flow rate of the reactant gas supplied to the gas flow module by the gas supply module based on a pre-constructed gas supply model and the gas flow rate required by the gas flow module;
the gas flow module controls the reactant gas to carry out electrochemical reaction through an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and determines the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the operation state comprises a first operation state and a second operation state, the first operation state is used for indicating that the pile current generated by the electrochemical reaction is lower than a preset current threshold, and the second operation state is used for indicating that the pile current is higher than the preset current threshold;
And controlling the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically controlling the solenoid valve to adjust the gas flow rate of the reactant gas supplied by the gas supply module to the gas flow module based on the pre-established gas supply model and the desired gas flow rate of the gas flow module comprises:
determining a maximum gas volume of the gas supply module, a gas critical pressure value and attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve based on a pre-constructed gas supply model, wherein the attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve comprise at least one of an opening area of the electromagnetic valve, a nozzle flow rate and an oscillation frequency of the electromagnetic valve;
dynamically controlling the electromagnetic valve according to the gas flow required by the gas flow module, and determining an actual gas pressure value in the gas supply module according to the actual gas flow and the maximum gas volume;
if the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value, keeping the current attribute parameters of the electromagnetic valve unchanged;
and if the actual gas pressure value is larger than the gas critical pressure value, adjusting the current attribute parameter of the electromagnetic valve until the actual gas pressure value is smaller than the gas critical pressure value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically controlling the solenoid valve to adjust the gas flow of the reactant gas supplied by the gas supply module to the gas flow module based on the pre-constructed gas supply model and the desired gas flow of the gas flow module further comprises:
the gas flow rate of the reaction gas was determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Lthe flow rate of the reaction gas supply amount is represented,C out indicating the opening area of the solenoid valve,Arepresenting the nozzle flow rate of the solenoid valve,windicating the oscillation frequency of the solenoid valve,yrepresenting the magnetic damping coefficient of the solenoid valve,P 1 、P max respectively representing the actual gas pressure value and the gas critical pressure value of the gas supply module,Krepresenting the air heat coefficient of proportionality，RRepresenting the universal gas constant.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas flow module controlling the reaction gas to undergo an electrochemical reaction via an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel, and a pre-built gas flow model comprises:
according to the first gas flow of the reaction gas flowing into the anode flow channel, the consumption of the reaction gas consumed by the anode flow channel, the water flow of the proton exchange membrane passing through the anode flow channel, the pressure sum of each component gas of the reaction gas in the anode flow channel and the volume of the anode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, a first electrochemical reaction model is constructed, and the anode current is determined;
According to the second gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing into the cathode flow channel, the third gas flow rate of the reaction gas flowing out of the cathode flow channel, a second electrochemical reaction model is constructed through the mass fraction of each component in the reaction gas, the gas constant of each component in the reaction gas and the volume of the cathode flow channel, which are determined by the gas flow model, and the cathode current is determined;
and determining the pile current according to the anode current, the cathode current and the number of single batteries in the pile.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein controlling the humidifier by a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell, the humidity control of the gas comprises:
if the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the first operating state,
and determining the cathode pressure and the anode pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the pile current, and controlling a valve signal of the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the pressure difference between the cathode pressure and the anode pressure to realize the humidity control of the gas.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein controlling the humidifier by a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell, the humidity control of the gas further comprises:
If the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell is the second operating state,
taking the current difference value between the pile current and a preset current threshold value as a state interference vector,
determining a deviation state vector through an objective function corresponding to the preset fuzzy control algorithm based on the objective control vector corresponding to the humidifier and the state interference vector;
and determining the control quantity of the humidifier through a local optimization algorithm according to the deviation state vector, so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining the control amount of the humidifier by a local optimization algorithm based on the deviation status vector, the humidity control of the gas comprises:
the control amount of the humidifier is determined according to the following formula:
wherein ,Zthe control amount is indicated as such, vindicating the relative humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,Mrepresenting the molar mass of the humidifier inlet gas,kindicating a target humidity of the humidifier inlet gas,ethe representation is made of a combination of a first and a second color,W m the target control vector is represented as such,W s the state interference vector is represented as such,hrepresenting the disturbance input(s),f(x)representing a state transition function.
8. A hydrogen fuel cell comprising a gas supply module, a gas flow module, a solenoid valve, a humidifier, and further comprising:
A first unit for adjusting a gas flow rate of a reaction gas supplied from the gas supply module to the gas flow module by dynamically controlling the solenoid valve based on a previously constructed gas supply model and a gas flow rate required by the gas flow module;
the second unit is used for controlling the reactant gas to perform electrochemical reaction through the anode flow channel, the cathode flow channel and a pre-constructed gas flow model, and determining the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the operation state comprises a first operation state and a second operation state, the first operation state is used for indicating that the electric pile current generated by performing the electrochemical reaction is lower than a preset current threshold, and the second operation state is used for indicating that the electric pile current is higher than the preset current threshold;
and the third unit is used for controlling the humidifier through a preset fuzzy control algorithm according to the running state of the hydrogen fuel cell so as to realize the humidity control of the gas.
9. A humidity dynamic control apparatus of a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising:
a processor;
a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
Wherein the processor is configured to invoke the instructions stored in the memory to perform the humidity dynamic control method of a hydrogen fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, characterized in that the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the method of dynamically controlling the humidity of a hydrogen fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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