CN116031431B - Bipolar flow plate structure, fuel cell, and fuel cell stack system - Google Patents
Bipolar flow plate structure, fuel cell, and fuel cell stack system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116031431B CN116031431B CN202310066394.XA CN202310066394A CN116031431B CN 116031431 B CN116031431 B CN 116031431B CN 202310066394 A CN202310066394 A CN 202310066394A CN 116031431 B CN116031431 B CN 116031431B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- group
- channels
- flow channels
- target fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a bipolar flow plate structure, a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack system, wherein the bipolar flow plate structure comprises a polar flow plate, a first group of flow channels and a second group of flow channels are arranged on the polar flow plate, the structure of the first group of flow channels is different from that of the second group of flow channels, the first group of flow channels and the second group of flow channels comprise at least one flow channel unit, each flow channel unit is independently arranged, target fluid can flow from the inlet end of the polar flow plate to the outlet end of the polar flow plate in a forward direction through the first group of flow channels and the second group of flow channels, and target fluid can flow from the outlet end of the polar flow plate to the inlet end of the polar flow plate in a reverse direction through the second group of flow channels, and the first group of flow channels and the second group of flow channels are used for supplying at least one of air, hydrogen and cooling liquid, so that the size change of the flow field area of the polar flow plate is controllable, and the problem of membrane electrode anode catalysis caused by low current density when the electric stack is in a low-power working condition is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a bipolar flow plate structure, a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack system.
Background
The fuel cell is an energy conversion device which directly converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy according to electrochemical principle, and the fuel cell is provided with an anode and a cathode, and the partial and whole undergassing phenomenon of the anode caused by start-stop, load changing, misoperation, external environment and the like can induce voltage 'reverse polarity', and can be accompanied with water electrolysis reaction and carbon corrosion reaction. Among them, carbon corrosion reaction causes metal platinum to fall off, resulting in a decrease in the electrochemically active area of the membrane electrode, and thus an irreversible performance decrease occurs. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is formed by stacking parts such as a bipolar plate, a membrane electrode, a current collecting plate, an insulating plate, an end plate and the like, wherein the bipolar plate has the functions of separating hydrogen from air, preventing gas from permeating, collecting and conducting current, uniformly distributing fuel gas, discharging reaction heat and the like, and the performance of the membrane electrode is reduced, so that the reaction effect of the fuel cell stack is weakened, the generated electric energy is reduced, and the service life of the fuel cell stack is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a bipolar flow plate structure, a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack system, which are used for solving the problem that the service life of a fuel cell stack is limited by corrosion of a membrane electrode anode catalyst caused by voltage reversal in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bipolar flow plate structure comprising: the device comprises a pole flow plate, wherein a first group of flow channels and a second group of flow channels are formed in the pole flow plate, the structures of the first group of flow channels and the structures of the second group of flow channels are different, the first group of flow channels and the second group of flow channels comprise at least one flow channel unit, the flow channel units are independently arranged, target fluid can flow from the inlet end of the pole flow plate to the outlet end of the pole flow plate in the forward direction through the first group of flow channels and the second group of flow channels, and target fluid can flow from the outlet end of the pole flow plate to the inlet end of the pole flow plate in the reverse direction through the second group of flow channels only, wherein the first group of flow channels and the second group of flow channels are provided with circulation for at least one of air, hydrogen and cooling liquid.
Further, the first group of flow channels comprises a plurality of flow channel units, the second group of flow channels comprises a plurality of flow channel units, and the flow channel units in the first group of flow channels and the flow channel units in the second group of flow channels are alternately arranged along the preset direction of the polar flow plate.
Further, the kind of the target fluid flowing through at least one of the flow path units in the first group of flow paths is set differently from the kind of the target fluid flowing through the second group of flow paths.
Further, the plurality of runner units in the first set of runners includes a first runner, the first runner includes a plurality of subunits, each subunit further includes a main runner, a first end of the main runner forms an inlet end of the subunit, a second end of the main runner forms an outlet end of the subunit, a bypass runner is disposed between the first end of the main runner and the second end of the main runner, a flow direction of a target fluid at the inlet end of the bypass runner has a first included angle with a flow direction of the target fluid at the inlet end of the bypass runner in the main runner, wherein the first included angle is an obtuse angle, and a flow direction of the target fluid at the outlet end of the bypass runner has a second included angle with a flow direction of the target fluid at the outlet end of the bypass runner in the main runner, wherein the second included angle is an acute angle.
Further, the bypass flow passage comprises a first composition section, the first end of the first composition section forms an inlet end of the bypass flow passage, the first end of the first composition section is communicated with the main flow passage, and a first included angle is formed between the flow direction of the target fluid in the first composition section and the flow direction of the target fluid in the main flow passage, which is positioned at one side of the first end of the first composition section; the first end of the second component section is communicated with the second end of the first component section, and the axis of the first component section is perpendicular to the axis of the second component section; the first end of the third composition section is communicated with the second end of the second composition section, the second end of the third composition section forms an outlet end of the bypass flow passage, and the flow direction of the target fluid in the third composition section and the flow direction of the target fluid positioned at one side of the third composition section in the main flow passage form a second included angle.
Further, the outlet end of one subunit of the two adjacent subunits is communicated with the inlet end of the other subunit, the inlet end of the subunit close to the inlet end of the polar flow plate is communicated with the inlet end of the polar flow plate through a first communication pipeline, and the outlet end of the subunit close to the outlet end of the polar flow plate is communicated with the outlet end of the polar flow plate through a second pipeline.
Further, the main flow channel has a plurality of first bending sections, wherein an axis of the third constituent section is disposed collinearly with an axis of one of the first bending sections in a forward flow direction of the target fluid.
Further, the flow channel unit in the second group of flow channels comprises a plurality of second flow channels, the second flow channels comprise a plurality of second bending sections, the second flow channels and the first flow channels are alternately arranged along the preset direction, the target fluid can flow in the second flow channels in the forward direction or in the reverse direction, the target fluid can flow in the first flow channels in the forward direction, and the target fluid cannot flow in the first flow channels in the reverse direction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell comprising a bipolar flow plate structure as described above.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell stack system including a bipolar flow plate structure as described above, the bipolar flow plate structure having a first set of flow channels and a second set of flow channels in the bipolar flow plate for air, hydrogen and coolant flow channels, the fuel cell stack system comprising: the high-pressure water pump is selectively communicated with the inlet end of the cooling liquid flow passage or the outlet end of the cooling liquid flow passage through a first four-way valve; the air compressor is selectively communicated with the inlet end of the air flow channel or the outlet end of the air flow channel through a second four-way valve; the outlet end of the hydrogen bottle is communicated with the inlet end of the hydrogen flow channel, the outlet end of the hydrogen flow channel is communicated with the inlet end of the third three-way valve, and the hydrogen bottle is used for providing hydrogen; the inlet end of the water separator is communicated with one outlet end of the third three-way valve, the outlet end of the water separator is communicated with the hydrogen bottle through the ejector, wherein a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet end of the communicated hydrogen bottle and the inlet end of the hydrogen flow channel, one outlet end of the first three-way valve is communicated with the other outlet end of the third three-way valve, and one outlet end of the second three-way valve is communicated with the inlet end of the water separator.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a flow direction of a fluid in a fuel cell stack system, the control method being used for controlling a flow direction of a target fluid in a bipolar flow plate of the fuel cell stack system, the control method comprising the steps of: acquiring target power of the fuel cell; when the target power is determined to be less than or equal to the preset power, controlling a control valve on a target flow passage to act so that the target fluid in the bipolar flow plate flows reversely in the second group of flow passages, wherein the target flow passage comprises at least one of an air flow passage and a cooling liquid flow passage, four-way valves are arranged on the air flow passage and the cooling liquid flow passage, and a three-way valve is arranged on the cooling liquid flow passage; and under the condition that the target power is determined to be greater than the preset power, controlling a control valve on the target flow channel to act so as to ensure that the target liquid in the bipolar flow plate flows in the first group of flow channels and the second group of flow channels at the same time.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, two groups of different flow channels are arranged on the polar flow plate, wherein the target fluid can only flow positively in the first group of flow channels, namely only flows from the inlet end of the polar flow plate to the outlet end of the polar flow plate, the target fluid can not flow reversely in the first group of flow channels, and the target fluid can flow positively or reversely in the second group of flow channels, so that when the target fluid flows positively, the flow field area flowing on the polar flow plate is large, and the area of the first group of flow channels is the area of the second group of flow channels; when the target fluid flows reversely, the flow field area flowing on the polar flow plate is small and is only the area of the second group of flow channels, so that the change of the flow field area of the polar flow plate is controllable, the flow direction of the target fluid can be adjusted according to the external power of the cell stack, the area of the flow field can be adjusted, the problem of membrane electrode anode catalysis caused by low current density in the low-power working condition of the cell stack is solved, and the universalization degree of the polar flow plate on different power stacks is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a bipolar flow plate structure according to the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of a bipolar flow plate structure according to the present invention;
fig. 3 shows an enlarged schematic view of a third embodiment of a bipolar flow plate structure according to the present invention;
fig. 4 shows an enlarged schematic view of a fourth embodiment of a bipolar flow plate structure according to the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a fuel cell stack system according to the present invention;
fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the fuel cell stack system according to the present invention.
Wherein the above figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a polar flow plate;
20. a first set of flow channels; 21. a first flow passage; 211. a subunit; 2111. a main flow passage; 2112. a bypass flow passage; 2113. a first component section; 2114. a second component section; 2115. a third component section; 2000. a first bending section;
30. a second set of flow channels; 31. a second flow passage;
1. a first three-way valve; 2. a second three-way valve; 3. and a third three-way valve.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Exemplary embodiments according to the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of these exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art, that in the drawings, it is possible to enlarge the thicknesses of layers and regions for clarity, and that identical reference numerals are used to designate identical devices, and thus descriptions thereof will be omitted.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a bipolar flow plate structure is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the bipolar flow plate structure includes a polar flow plate 10, a first set of flow channels 20 and a second set of flow channels 30 are formed on the polar flow plate 10, the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30 are configured differently, and each of the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30 includes at least one flow channel unit, each flow channel unit is independently configured, wherein a target fluid can flow forward from an inlet end of the polar flow plate 10 to an outlet end of the polar flow plate 10 through the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30, and a target fluid flows backward from an outlet end of the polar flow plate 10 to an inlet end of the polar flow plate 10 through only the second set of flow channels 30, wherein the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30 have a circulation for at least one of air, hydrogen and a cooling liquid.
In this embodiment, two different sets of flow channels are provided on the polar flow plate 10, wherein the target fluid can only flow in the forward direction in the first set of flow channels 20, that is, can only flow from the inlet end of the polar flow plate 10 to the outlet end of the polar flow plate 10, the target fluid can not flow in the reverse direction in the first set of flow channels 20, and the target fluid can flow in the forward direction or the reverse direction in the second set of flow channels 30, so when the target fluid flows in the forward direction, the flow field area flowing on the polar flow plate 10 is large, which is the area of the first set of flow channels 20 plus the area of the second set of flow channels 30; when the target fluid flows reversely, the flow field area flowing on the polar flow plate 10 is small and is only the area of the second group of flow channels 30, so that the change of the flow field area of the polar flow plate 10 is controllable, the flow direction of the target fluid can be adjusted according to the external power of the cell stack, the area of the flow field can be adjusted, the problem of membrane electrode anode catalysis caused by low current density in the low-power working condition of the cell stack is solved, and the universalization degree of the polar flow plate 10 on the cell stacks with different powers is improved.
Further, the first set of flow channels 20 includes a plurality of flow channel units, the second set of flow channels 30 includes a plurality of flow channel units, and the plurality of flow channel units in the first set of flow channels 20 and the flow channel units in the second set of flow channels 30 are alternately arranged along the preset direction of the polar flow plate 10, and by adopting such a structure, the flow efficiency of the target fluid on the polar flow plate 10 is improved, and meanwhile, the space utilization rate of the polar flow plate 10 is improved, and further, the efficiency of the fuel cell is improved.
Further, the kind of the target fluid flowing through at least one of the flow path units in the first group of flow paths 20 is set differently from the kind of the target fluid flowing through the second group of flow paths 30, so that the air, the hydrogen gas and the coolant have independent flow paths, respectively, preventing the occurrence of disturbance of the fluid flow.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, further, the plurality of flow channel units in the first set of flow channels 20 includes a first flow channel 21, the first flow channel 21 includes a plurality of sub-units 211, and each sub-unit 211 further includes: the main flow channel 2111, the first end of the main flow channel 2111 forms an inlet end of the sub-unit 211, the second end of the main flow channel 2111 forms an outlet end of the sub-unit 211, a bypass flow channel 2112 is arranged between the first end of the main flow channel 2111 and the second end of the main flow channel 2111, the flow direction of the target fluid at the inlet end of the bypass flow channel 2112 and the flow direction of the target fluid at the inlet end of the bypass flow channel 2112 in the main flow channel 2111 have a first included angle, wherein the first included angle is an obtuse angle, and the flow direction of the target fluid at the outlet end of the bypass flow channel 2112 in the main flow channel 2111 have a second included angle, and the second included angle is an acute angle. So arranged, when the target fluid flows through the first group of channels 20 in the forward direction, the target fluid can pass through the two branches of the main channel 2111 and the bypass channel 2112 from the inlet end of the subunit 211 and then converge to the outlet end of the subunit 211, and the target fluid passes through the next subunit 211 again, and the above processes are repeated, and in the forward direction, the flow direction of the target fluid in the main channel 2111 and the flow direction of the bypass channel 2112 form an obtuse angle, so that the bypass channel 2112 has a diversion effect, and the flow resistance of the flow field is reduced; when the target fluid reversely flows through the first group of flow channels 20, since the flow direction of the target fluid in the main flow channel 2111 forms an obtuse angle with the flow direction in the bypass flow channel 2112, the structure greatly improves the flow resistance in the flow channels, so that the target fluid cannot reversely flow in the first group of flow channels 20, and the flow field area can be controlled by controlling the flow direction of the target fluid.
Further, the bypass flow channel 2112 includes a first component section 2113, a second component section 2114, and a third component section 2115, wherein a first end of the first component section 2113 forms an inlet end of the bypass flow channel 2112, a first end of the first component section 2113 communicates with the main flow channel 2111, and a flow direction of the target fluid in the first component section 2113 forms a first included angle with a flow direction of the target fluid in the main flow channel 2111 at a first end side of the first component section 2113; a second constituent section 2114, a first end of the second constituent section 2114 communicating with a second end of the first constituent section 2113, and an axis of the first constituent section 2113 being disposed perpendicularly to an axis of the second constituent section 2114; the third component section 2115, the first end of the third component section 2115 is communicated with the second end of the second component section 2114, the second end of the third component section 2115 forms an outlet end of the bypass flow channel 2112, the flow direction of the target fluid in the third component section 2115 forms a second included angle with the flow direction of the target fluid in the main flow channel 2111 at one side of the third component section 2115, and the structure is arranged so that the flow directions of the target fluid sequentially passing through the first component section 2113, the second component section 2114 and the third component section 2115 are respectively in a straight line shape in the first component section 2113, the second component section 2114 and the third component section 2115, the flow efficiency of the target fluid is improved, and a certain angle is formed between the flow directions of the target fluid respectively passing through the first component section 2113, the second component section 2114 and the third component section 2115, so that the target fluid smoothly flows in the forward direction in the first component flow channel 20, and is blocked in the reverse direction.
Further, the outlet end of one subunit 211 of the two adjacent subunits 211 is communicated with the inlet end of the other subunit 211, and the inlet end of the subunit 211 close to the inlet end of the pole flow plate 10 is communicated with the inlet end of the pole flow plate 10 through a first communication pipeline, the outlet end of the subunit 211 close to the outlet end of the pole flow plate 10 is communicated with the outlet end of the pole flow plate 10 through a second communication pipeline, a plurality of subunits 211 are arranged between the inlet end of the pole flow plate 10 and the outlet end of the pole flow plate 10, and the flow resistance of the fluid in the stroke can be improved when the fluid flows reversely by the plurality of subunits 211, so that the reverse flow of the fluid is avoided, and the effect that only the forward flow can be effectively realized and the reverse flow cannot be realized is effectively achieved.
Further, the main flow channel 2111 has a plurality of first bending sections 2000, wherein, along the forward flow direction of the target fluid, the axis of the third component section 2115 is arranged in line with the axis of one of the first bending sections 2000, so that the target fluid passing through the outlet of the third component section 2115 can be directly converged in the main flow channel 2111 with the target fluid in the main flow channel 2111, and thus the target fluid which is branched by the bypass flow channel 2112 to the main flow channel 2111 can be converged together again, so that the target fluid can be conveniently branched again to the bypass flow channel 2112 of the next subunit 211, and the flow efficiency of the target fluid can be improved.
Further, the flow channel unit in the second group of flow channels 30 includes a plurality of second flow channels 31, the second flow channels 31 include a plurality of second bending sections, the plurality of second flow channels 31 and the plurality of first flow channels 21 are alternately arranged along a preset direction, and the target fluid can flow forward or backward in the second flow channels 31, the target fluid can flow forward in the first flow channels 21, and the target fluid cannot flow backward in the first flow channels 21, and by adopting the structure, the area utilization rate of the second group of flow channels 30 and the first group of flow channels 20 on the polar flow plate 10 is improved.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell comprising a bipolar flow plate structure, which is the bipolar flow plate structure of the above-described embodiment.
In this embodiment, the bipolar flow plate structure includes a polar flow plate 10, a first set of flow channels 20 and a second set of flow channels 30 are formed on the polar flow plate 10, the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30 are configured differently, and each of the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30 includes at least one flow channel unit, each flow channel unit is independently configured, wherein a target fluid can flow forward from an inlet end of the polar flow plate 10 to an outlet end of the polar flow plate 10 through the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30, and a target fluid flows backward from an outlet end of the polar flow plate 10 to an inlet end of the polar flow plate 10 through only the second set of flow channels 30, wherein the first set of flow channels 20 and the second set of flow channels 30 have a flow field area for at least one of air, hydrogen and a cooling liquid, and when the target fluid flows forward, the flow field area flowing on the polar flow plate 10 is large, which is the area of the first set of flow channels 20 plus the area of the second set of flow channels 30; when the target fluid flows reversely, the flow field area flowing on the polar flow plate 10 is small and is only the area of the second group of flow channels 30, so that the change of the area of the flow field area of the polar flow plate 10 is realized, the flow direction of the target fluid can be adjusted according to the external power of the cell stack, the area of the flow field can be adjusted, the problem of membrane electrode anode catalysis caused by low current density in the low-power working condition of the cell stack is solved, and the universalization degree of the polar flow plate 10 on the cell stacks with different powers is improved.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell stack system including a bipolar plate structure as described above, the bipolar plate structure having a first group of flow channels 20 and a second group of flow channels 30 in a bipolar plate 10 for circulating air, hydrogen and a coolant, the fuel cell stack system comprising: the high-pressure water pump is selectively communicated with the inlet end of the cooling liquid flow passage or the outlet end of the cooling liquid flow passage through a first four-way valve; the air compressor is selectively communicated with the inlet end of the air flow channel or the outlet end of the air flow channel through a second four-way valve; the outlet end of the hydrogen bottle is communicated with the inlet end of the hydrogen flow channel, the outlet end of the hydrogen flow channel is communicated with the inlet end of the third three-way valve 3, and the hydrogen bottle is used for providing hydrogen; the inlet end of the water separator is communicated with one outlet end of the third three-way valve 3, the outlet end of the water separator is communicated with the hydrogen bottle through the ejector, a first three-way valve 1 and a second three-way valve 2 are arranged on a pipeline between the outlet end of the communicated hydrogen bottle and the inlet end of the hydrogen flow channel, one outlet end of the first three-way valve 1 is communicated with the other outlet end of the third three-way valve 3, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve 2 is communicated with the inlet end of the water separator.
Specifically, the high-pressure water pump, the air compressor and the water separator are used for respectively providing cooling liquid, air and hydrogen for the cell stack system, so that the air and the hydrogen react in the cell stack system, the four-way valve can change the flow direction of fluid, the first four-way valve is used for controlling the forward flow or the reverse flow of the cooling liquid, the second four-way valve is used for controlling the forward flow or the reverse flow of the air, the flow direction of the fluid is controlled through the four-way valve, and then the area of the air and the cooling liquid flowing through the polar flow plate 10 is changed.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method of a flow direction of a fluid in a fuel cell stack system, the control method being used for controlling a flow direction of a target fluid in a bipolar flow plate of the fuel cell stack system, the control method comprising the steps of: acquiring target power of the fuel cell; when the target power is determined to be less than or equal to the preset power, controlling a control valve on a target flow passage to act so that the target fluid in the bipolar flow plate flows reversely only in the second group of flow passages 30, wherein the target flow passage comprises at least one of an air flow passage and a cooling liquid flow passage, four-way valves are arranged on the air flow passage and the cooling liquid flow passage, and a three-way valve is arranged on the cooling liquid flow passage; and if the target power is determined to be greater than the preset power, controlling a control valve on the target flow channel to act so as to enable the target liquid in the bipolar flow plate to flow in the forward directions in the first flow channel 20 and the second flow channel 30 at the same time.
Specifically, when the flow field area of the polar flow plate 10 in the reverse direction is S, the rated current density of the membrane electrode is i, and the number of individual cells of the stack is n, the rated power p1=s·i·0.65·n of the polar flow plate 10 in the reverse direction is obtained. When the target power P of the electric pile is more than P1, the fuel cell controller controls the first four-way valve, the second four-way valve and the third four-way valve to realize the forward flow of fluid in the electric pile, and the flow field of the polar flow plate 10 is in a state with the largest area; when the target power P of the electric pile is less than or equal to P1, the fuel cell controller controls the first four-way valve, the second four-way valve and the third four-way valve to realize the reverse flow of fluid in the electric pile, reduce the flow field area of the polar flow plate 10, and enable the membrane electrode to be at a higher electric density level, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the voltage polar reversal problem and solving the problem of corrosion of the membrane electrode anode catalyst caused by low current density when the electric pile works under the low power working condition.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "upper surface at … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial location relative to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures would then be oriented "below" or "beneath" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" may include both orientations of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
In addition to the foregoing, references in the specification to "one embodiment," "another embodiment," "an embodiment," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment described in general terms in the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is intended that such feature, structure, or characteristic be implemented within the scope of the invention.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for parts of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bipolar flow plate structure comprising:
a polar flow plate (10), on which a first group of flow channels (20) and a second group of flow channels (30) are formed, the structure of the first group of flow channels (20) is different from that of the second group of flow channels (30), and the first group of flow channels (20) and the second group of flow channels (30) each comprise at least one flow channel unit, each flow channel unit is independently arranged, wherein a target fluid can flow from an inlet end of the polar flow plate (10) to an outlet end of the polar flow plate (10) through the first group of flow channels (20) and the second group of flow channels (30) in a forward direction, and the target fluid flows from the outlet end of the polar flow plate (10) to an inlet end of the polar flow plate (10) only through the second group of flow channels (30) in a reverse direction, wherein the first group of flow channels (20) and the second group of flow channels (30) have flow channels for supplying at least one of air, hydrogen and a cooling liquid;
the first group of flow channels (20) comprises a plurality of flow channel units, the second group of flow channels (30) comprises a plurality of flow channel units, and the flow channel units in the first group of flow channels (20) and the flow channel units in the second group of flow channels (30) are alternately arranged along the preset direction of the pole flow plate (10);
the plurality of flow channel units in the first set of flow channels (20) comprises a first flow channel (21), the flow channel units in the second set of flow channels (30) comprises a plurality of second flow channels (31), the target fluid can flow forward or backward in the second flow channels (31), the target fluid can flow forward in the first flow channel (21), and the target fluid cannot flow backward in the first flow channel (21).
2. The bipolar fluidic plate structure of claim 1, wherein the type of the target fluid flowing through at least one of the flow channel elements in the first set of flow channels (20) is arranged differently from the type of the target fluid flowing through the second set of flow channels (30).
3. The bipolar flow plate structure of claim 2, wherein the first flow channel (21) comprises a plurality of subunits (211), each subunit (211) further comprising:
the main runner (2111), the first end of main runner (2111) forms the entrance point of subunit (211), the second end of main runner (2111) forms the exit point of subunit (211), be provided with bypass runner (2112) between the first end of main runner (2111) and the second end of main runner (2111), the flow direction of the target fluid of entrance point department of bypass runner (2112) has first contained angle with the flow direction of the target fluid of main runner (2111) that is located at the entrance point of bypass runner (2112), wherein, first contained angle is the obtuse angle, the flow direction of the target fluid of exit point department of bypass runner (2112) has the second contained angle with the flow direction of the target fluid of exit point department of bypass runner (2112) in main runner (2111), wherein, the second contained angle is the acute angle.
4. A bipolar flow plate structure according to claim 3, wherein the bypass flow channel (2112) comprises:
a first component section (2113), a first end of the first component section (2113) forming an inlet end of the bypass flow channel (2112), the first end of the first component section (2113) being in communication with the main flow channel (2111), a flow direction of the target fluid within the first component section (2113) forming the first angle with a flow direction of the target fluid within the main flow channel (2111) on a side of the first end of the first component section (2113);
a second constituent section (2114), a first end of the second constituent section (2114) being in communication with a second end of the first constituent section (2113), and an axis of the first constituent section (2113) being disposed perpendicular to an axis of the second constituent section (2114);
-a third component section (2115), a first end of the third component section (2115) being in communication with a second end of the second component section (2114), the second end of the third component section (2115) forming an outlet end of the bypass flow channel (2112), a flow direction of the target fluid in the third component section (2115) forming the second angle with a flow direction of the target fluid in the main flow channel (2111) at one side of the third component section (2115).
5. A bipolar flow plate structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the outlet end of one of the sub-units (211) of two adjacent sub-units (211) is arranged in communication with the inlet end of the other sub-unit (211), and that the inlet end of the sub-unit (211) arranged close to the inlet end of the pole flow plate (10) is arranged in communication with the inlet end of the pole flow plate (10) via a first communication line, and that the outlet end of the sub-unit (211) arranged close to the outlet end of the pole flow plate (10) is arranged in communication with the outlet end of the pole flow plate (10) via a second line.
6. The bipolar flow plate structure of claim 4, wherein the main flow channel (2111) has a plurality of first bending sections (2000), wherein an axis of the third component section (2115) is arranged co-linear with an axis of one of the plurality of first bending sections (2000) along a forward flow direction of the target fluid.
7. A bipolar flow plate structure according to claim 3, wherein said second flow channels (31) comprise a plurality of second bending sections, a plurality of said second flow channels (31) being alternately arranged with a plurality of said first flow channels (21) along said predetermined direction.
8. A fuel cell comprising a bipolar flow plate structure, characterized in that the bipolar flow plate structure is the bipolar flow plate structure of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A fuel cell stack system comprising a bipolar flow plate structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bipolar flow plate structure has a first set of flow channels (20) and a second set of flow channels (30) within a polar flow plate (10) of the bipolar flow plate structure each having air flow channels, hydrogen flow channels, and coolant flow channels for air, hydrogen and coolant flow, the fuel cell stack system comprising:
the high-pressure water pump is selectively communicated with the inlet end of the cooling liquid flow passage or the outlet end of the cooling liquid flow passage through a first four-way valve;
the air compressor is selectively communicated with the inlet end of the air flow channel or the outlet end of the air flow channel through a second four-way valve;
the outlet end of the hydrogen bottle is communicated with the inlet end of the hydrogen flow channel, the outlet end of the hydrogen flow channel is communicated with the inlet end of the third three-way valve (3), and the hydrogen bottle is used for providing hydrogen;
the water knockout drum, the entrance point of water knockout drum with an exit end intercommunication of third three-way valve (3), the exit end of water knockout drum pass through the ejector with hydrogen bottle intercommunication sets up, wherein, the intercommunication be provided with first three-way valve (1) and second three-way valve (2) on the pipeline between the exit end of hydrogen bottle and the entrance point of hydrogen runner, an exit end of first three-way valve (1) with another exit end intercommunication of third three-way valve (3), an exit end of second three-way valve (2) with the entrance point intercommunication of water knockout drum sets up.
10. A control method of a flow direction of a fluid in a fuel cell stack system for controlling a flow direction of a target fluid in a bipolar flow plate of the fuel cell stack system according to claim 9, comprising the steps of:
acquiring target power of the fuel cell;
when the target power is determined to be less than or equal to the preset power, controlling a control valve on a target flow passage to act so that target fluid in a bipolar flow plate flows reversely in a second group of flow passages, wherein the target flow passages comprise at least one of an air flow passage and a cooling liquid flow passage, four-way valves are arranged on the air flow passage and the cooling liquid flow passage, and a three-way valve is arranged on the cooling liquid flow passage;
and under the condition that the target power is determined to be greater than the preset power, controlling a control valve on the target flow channel to act so as to enable the target liquid in the bipolar flow plate to flow in the forward directions in the first flow channel and the second flow channel at the same time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310066394.XA CN116031431B (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Bipolar flow plate structure, fuel cell, and fuel cell stack system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310066394.XA CN116031431B (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Bipolar flow plate structure, fuel cell, and fuel cell stack system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116031431A CN116031431A (en) | 2023-04-28 |
| CN116031431B true CN116031431B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
Family
ID=86079335
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310066394.XA Active CN116031431B (en) | 2023-01-17 | 2023-01-17 | Bipolar flow plate structure, fuel cell, and fuel cell stack system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116031431B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013004442A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2013-01-07 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Raw material supply device for fuel cell, and fuel cell system |
| CN103346337A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-10-09 | 天津大学 | Fuel cell channel |
| CN107579261A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-01-12 | 广东合即得能源科技有限公司 | Bipolar plates for fuel cell pile |
| CN114512689A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-17 | 清华大学 | Variable air intake type fuel cell flow field and control method thereof |
| CN114865007A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-05 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell gas circulation system, fuel cell and vehicle |
| CN115441000A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-06 | 洛阳科品实业有限公司 | Fuel cell bipolar plate, fuel cell, and vehicle |
-
2023
- 2023-01-17 CN CN202310066394.XA patent/CN116031431B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013004442A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2013-01-07 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Raw material supply device for fuel cell, and fuel cell system |
| CN103346337A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-10-09 | 天津大学 | Fuel cell channel |
| CN107579261A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-01-12 | 广东合即得能源科技有限公司 | Bipolar plates for fuel cell pile |
| CN114512689A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-17 | 清华大学 | Variable air intake type fuel cell flow field and control method thereof |
| CN114865007A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-05 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell gas circulation system, fuel cell and vehicle |
| CN115441000A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-06 | 洛阳科品实业有限公司 | Fuel cell bipolar plate, fuel cell, and vehicle |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116031431A (en) | 2023-04-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9761889B2 (en) | Fuel cell flow field channel with partially closed end | |
| US9574279B2 (en) | Modularized electrochemical cell system | |
| US8278000B2 (en) | High performance proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell | |
| US8415068B2 (en) | Fuel cell | |
| KR101240976B1 (en) | Refrigerant system of fuel cell for vehicle | |
| CA2516749A1 (en) | Flow field design | |
| US7306873B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for changing the direction of fluid flow in fuel cell flow fields | |
| US6964824B2 (en) | Fuel cell and method of operating the same | |
| US7422814B2 (en) | Fuel cell system | |
| KR101791319B1 (en) | Redox flow battery system having reduced shunt loss | |
| CN116031431B (en) | Bipolar flow plate structure, fuel cell, and fuel cell stack system | |
| KR20160042131A (en) | Multi-stack electrochemical cell system and method of use | |
| EP2579373A1 (en) | Operation method for fuel cell, and fuel cell system | |
| US10158141B2 (en) | Fuel cell system including multiple fuel cell stacks | |
| CN109830704B (en) | Hydrogen fuel cell bipolar plate based on tree-shaped flow channel structure | |
| JP4173744B2 (en) | Fuel cell unit and operation method thereof | |
| KR101486168B1 (en) | Bipolar plat of fuel cell and fuel cell stack comprising the same | |
| US10115983B2 (en) | Flow battery with manifold passage that varies in cross-section | |
| CN212625686U (en) | Cell stack structure and fuel cell with same | |
| EP3576200B1 (en) | Fuel cell stack | |
| JP2000100458A (en) | Solid polymer fuel cell | |
| JP2005141994A (en) | Polyelectrolyte fuel cell | |
| WO2012046248A1 (en) | Flow field design in fuel cells | |
| EP2875545A1 (en) | Fuel cell coolant flowfield configuration | |
| KR101186797B1 (en) | fuel cell with flow field structure having multiple channels maintaining different pressure each other |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |