CN116030022A - Quality detection system and method for building prefabricated part - Google Patents
Quality detection system and method for building prefabricated part Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quality detection system and a quality detection method for a building prefabricated part, which relate to the technical field of engineering detection and are used for scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part and scanning and detecting a secondary target point of the prefabricated part to obtain secondary point cloud data of the prefabricated part; performing data preprocessing and point cloud merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part, and improving the accuracy of the point cloud data; and respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model to obtain a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model, wherein the centers of triangular patches with the same positions in the two triangular patch models form a model point pair, the three-dimensional scanning digital model is judged by utilizing the data of the model point pair, the quality judgment result of the prefabricated part is calculated, and the quality detection and judgment result is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering detection, in particular to a quality detection system and method for a building prefabricated part.
Background
Along with the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of living standard of people, people have put forward higher and higher demands on the practicality, the aesthetic property and the like of house construction. Meanwhile, for accelerating the supply structural adjustment and the new town development, china proposes to develop assembled buildings such as steel structures, concrete structures and the like. The prefabricated parts refer to various parts manufactured by adopting a pre-forming method, and are mainly used in the field of buildings, and can be divided into steel structure prefabricated parts, wood structure prefabricated parts, concrete prefabricated parts, stone prefabricated parts and the like according to material properties. Among them, concrete prefabricated parts are the most widely used, and the prefabricated parts are generally equivalent to reinforced concrete prefabricated parts or precast concrete in the construction field.
Due to the structural characteristics of the concrete prefabricated part, the prefabricated part expands and contracts unevenly in the production hardening process, so that certain defects are generated in the inner part and the surface of the concrete prefabricated part. Meanwhile, in the stacking, hoisting and transporting processes of the concrete prefabricated parts, the prefabricated parts can generate defects to a certain extent due to the influence of additional loads and various external environments. These cracks continue to propagate and become a wider or longer hazard. When the width of the crack reaches more than 0.2-0.3 mn, the structural integrity of the prefabricated part can be directly damaged, so that the steel bars inside the concrete prefabricated part rust, the bending resistance and the compression resistance of the prefabricated part are weakened, the carrying capacity state of the prefabricated part is reduced, and the quality and the service life of the fabricated building are seriously influenced.
In the prior art, for example, patent document CN110608683a discloses a method for evaluating the quality of a large-size building element by combining a laser scanner with BIM, and a BIM building design technique is used to build a whole building BIM model according to a design drawing; setting a plurality of laser scanners for the current component to be tested to acquire point cloud data, splicing the point cloud data, and converting the point cloud data into a BIM model in software; and obtaining the plan view and the section view of the part of the to-be-measured component of the overall building BIM model and the BIM model of the to-be-measured component in software, and comparing the plan view and the section view of the part of the to-be-measured component of the overall building BIM model with the plan view and the section view of the BIM model of the to-be-measured component of the overall building BIM model, wherein key parameters are in the section view. However, the technical scheme has the defect of intuitively obtaining the building quality, but the quality detection method is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a quality detection method of a building prefabricated part, which comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a main target spot and a secondary target spot on a prefabricated part;
s2, scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part, and scanning and detecting a secondary target point of the prefabricated part to obtain secondary point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
s3, carrying out data preprocessing and point cloud data merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
s4, establishing a three-dimensional reference digital model according to a computer-aided design drawing of the prefabricated part; establishing a three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated part according to the global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
s5, respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model to obtain a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model, wherein the centers of triangular patches with the same positions in the two triangular patch models form a model point pair;
and S6, judging the three-dimensional scanning digital model by using the data of the model point pairs, and calculating the quality judgment result of the prefabricated part.
Further, the step S5 includes the steps of:
s5.1, respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model into a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model;
s5.2, obtaining points with the same positions of the centers of the triangular patches in the reference triangular patch model and the scanning triangular patch model to form a model point pair.
Further, the step S6 includes the steps of:
s6.1, acquiring center point data of triangular patches at all important positions in the three-dimensional scanning digital model to generate a data set F (F) 1 ,f 2 ,…，f i ,…，f n ) Wherein f i The central point data of the triangular patches at the ith important position in the three-dimensional scanning digital model are obtained, and n is the number of the important positions;
s6.2, acquiring data sets of model point pairs formed by central point data of triangular patches at important positions in the three-dimensional reference digital model and the data set F
Wherein->
Forming center point data of a model point pair for center point data of the triangular patches at the i-th important position in the three-dimensional reference digital model and the data set F, wherein n is the number of important positions;
s6.3, obtaining the importance degree of each important position, and carrying out important position deviation weight S through the following formula i Is calculated by (1):
wherein D is i K is an adjustment coefficient, and n is the number of important positions;
s6.4, calculating a quality judgment result X of the prefabricated part:
wherein D is i F is the importance of the important position i Is the center point data of the triangular patch at the ith important position in the three-dimensional scanning digital model, S i N is the number of important positions, which is the weight of the important position deviation.
Further, in step S3, all the primary point cloud data and the secondary point cloud data are subjected to dimension reduction by a principal component analysis technology, denoising by a spatial clustering algorithm based on density, data preprocessing and point cloud data merging by an inverse PAC dimension-increasing calculation process, so as to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated member.
Further, in the step S1, a main target spot and a sub target spot of a checkerboard shape are provided on the prefabricated member to be detected, and the main target spot and the sub target spot are staggered.
The invention also provides a quality detection system of the building prefabricated part, which is used for realizing a quality detection method, comprising the following steps: the system comprises a target setting unit, a main body scanner, an auxiliary scanner, a data processing module, a three-dimensional reference model building module, a three-dimensional scanning model building module, a data analysis and evaluation module and a judging module;
the target setting unit is used for setting a main target and a secondary target on the prefabricated component and is used as a reference point for scanning measurement;
the main body scanner is used for scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
the auxiliary scanner is used for scanning and detecting auxiliary targets of the prefabricated parts to obtain auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated parts;
the data processing module is used for carrying out data preprocessing and point cloud merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
the three-dimensional reference model building module is used for building a three-dimensional reference digital model according to the computer-aided design drawing of the prefabricated part;
the three-dimensional scanning model building module is used for building a three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated part according to global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
the data analysis and evaluation module is used for respectively carrying out gridding on the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated component to obtain two triangular patch models, and forming a model point pair by using points with the same positions of the triangular patch centers in the two triangular patch models;
and the judging module is used for judging the three-dimensional scanning digital model by utilizing the data of the model point pairs and calculating the quality judging result of the prefabricated part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part, and scanning and detecting a secondary target point of the prefabricated part to obtain secondary point cloud data of the prefabricated part; performing data preprocessing and point cloud merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part, and improving the accuracy of the point cloud data; and respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model to obtain a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model, wherein the centers of triangular patches with the same positions in the two triangular patch models form a model point pair, the three-dimensional scanning digital model is judged by utilizing the data of the model point pair, the quality judgment result of the prefabricated part is calculated, and the quality detection and judgment result is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a quality inspection method of a building prefabricated part according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a triangular patch center acquisition of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a quality inspection system for a building prefabricated part according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
In the drawings of the specific embodiments of the present invention, in order to better and more clearly describe the working principle of each element in the system, the connection relationship of each part in the device is represented, but only the relative positional relationship between each element is clearly distinguished, and the limitations on the signal transmission direction, connection sequence and the structure size, dimension and shape of each part in the element or structure cannot be constructed.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a quality detection method of a building prefabricated part according to the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a main target spot and a secondary target spot on a prefabricated part as reference points for scanning measurement.
In the preferred embodiment, a main target and an auxiliary target of a chessboard are arranged on the prefabricated member to be detected, and the main target and the auxiliary target are arranged in a staggered manner when being selected, so that a reference point of complete scanning measurement can be finally obtained, and complete point cloud data of the member to be detected can be formed in subsequent steps.
S2, scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part by using a main body scanner to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part, and scanning and detecting a secondary target point of the prefabricated part by using an auxiliary scanner to obtain secondary point cloud data of the prefabricated part.
And S3, performing data preprocessing and point cloud merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part by utilizing a data processing module to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part.
In a preferred embodiment, all the primary point cloud data and the secondary point cloud data are subjected to dimension reduction by a principal component analysis technology, denoising by a density-based spatial clustering algorithm, data preprocessing and point cloud data merging by an inverse PAC dimension-increasing calculation process to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated component, and a three-dimensional scanning digital model of a subsequent prefabricated component can be executed on the global point cloud data, so that the overall complexity can be remarkably reduced, and meanwhile, noise is effectively removed and environmental characteristics are reserved.
S4, a three-dimensional reference model building module is utilized to build a three-dimensional reference digital model according to the computer-aided design drawing of the prefabricated part; and utilizing a three-dimensional model building module to build a three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated part according to the global point cloud data of the prefabricated part.
In a preferred embodiment, the building of the three-dimensional reference digital model from the computer-aided design drawing of the prefabricated component specifically comprises: obtaining a target layer of a computer-aided design prefabricated part drawing, and carrying out direction identification, elevation symbol identification and thickness acquisition on each elevation drawing of the computer-aided design prefabricated part drawing; and carrying out component identification, visibility analysis and three-dimensional positioning on each layer of plane drawing of the computer-aided design prefabricated component drawing.
In a preferred embodiment, the building of the three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated part according to the global point cloud data of the prefabricated part specifically comprises: and managing the point cloud output by the original point cloud in an engineering mode, outputting preprocessed point cloud data, automatically registering and mapping the three-dimensional point cloud, outputting image point cloud data, and performing three-dimensional modeling based on the image point cloud. On the three-dimensional point cloud top view, a point cloud tangent plane is utilized to rapidly outline the contour line of the horizontal section of the building, the contour is automatically stretched by calculating the height of the building by utilizing the point cloud, and a building model is constructed; and supporting texture extraction by fusion with the holographic image for the constructed building model, and displaying the corresponding map texture in the three-dimensional model.
S5, respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model by utilizing a data analysis and evaluation module to obtain a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model, wherein the triangular patch centers with the same positions in the two triangular patch models form a model point pair. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s5.1, respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model into a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model. And performing finite element triangular gridding treatment by using a large-structure number model to obtain a discrete triangular surface patch, and performing operation by replacing the triangular surface patch with the triangular surface patch center.
The entity model expression mode of the triangular patch model is mainly a surface triangular mesh, is obviously different from point cloud data, and the triangular mesh data format consists of vertexes, edges and faces and is used for representing the polyhedral shape in the three-dimensional digital model, and the three-dimensional object surface is finally formed through layer-by-layer connection construction of points, lines and faces, so that the purpose of entity expression of the three-dimensional digital model is achieved.
S5.2, obtaining points with the same center positions of the triangular patches in the reference triangular patch model and the scanning triangular patch model to form a model point pair.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram is obtained for the center of the triangular patches, in which the digital model is gridded into triangular patch models, V1-V6 are the vertices of two triangular patches, and f1 and f2 are the center points of each triangular patch. Respectively obtaining points with the same positions of triangular patch centers in two triangular patch models to form a model point pair
。
S6, judging the three-dimensional scanning digital model by using the data of the model point pairs by a judging module, and calculating a quality judging result of the prefabricated part, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
s6.1, acquiring center point data of triangular patches at all important positions in the three-dimensional scanning digital model to generate a data set F (F) 1 ,f 2 ,…，f i ,…，f n ) Wherein f i And the central point data of the triangular patches at the ith important position in the three-dimensional scanning digital model is obtained, and n is the number of the important positions.
S6.2, acquiring data sets of model point pairs formed by central point data of triangular patches at important positions in the three-dimensional reference digital model and the data set F
Wherein->
And forming center point data of a model point pair for center point data of the triangular patches at the i-th important position in the three-dimensional reference digital model and the data set F, wherein n is the number of important positions.
S6.3、Obtaining importance degree of each important position, and carrying out important position deviation weight S by the following formula i Is calculated by (1):
wherein D is i K is an adjustment coefficient, and n is the number of important positions.
S6.4, calculating a quality judgment result X of the prefabricated part:
wherein D is i F is the importance of the important position i Is the center point data of the triangular patch at the ith important position in the three-dimensional scanning digital model, S i N is the number of important positions, which is the weight of the important position deviation.
S7, evaluating the quality of the prefabricated part according to the quality judgment result X of the prefabricated part.
And if the quality judgment result X of the prefabricated component is out of the error allowable range, the quality of the to-be-detected component is not qualified.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic structural view of a quality inspection system for a building prefabricated part according to the present invention includes: the system comprises a target setting unit, a main body scanner, an auxiliary scanner, a data processing module, a three-dimensional reference model building module, a three-dimensional scanning model building module, a data analysis and evaluation module and a judging module.
And the target setting unit is used for setting a main target and a secondary target on the prefabricated component and is used as a reference point for scanning measurement.
And the main body scanner is used for scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part.
And the auxiliary scanner is used for scanning and detecting auxiliary targets of the prefabricated part to obtain auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part.
The data processing module is used for carrying out data preprocessing and point cloud merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part.
The three-dimensional reference model building module is used for building a three-dimensional reference digital model according to the computer-aided design drawing of the prefabricated part.
And the three-dimensional scanning model building module is used for building a three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated part according to the global point cloud data of the prefabricated part.
And the data analysis and evaluation module is used for respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated component to obtain two triangular patch models, and forming model point pairs by using points with the same positions of the centers of triangular patches in the two triangular patch models.
And the judging module is used for judging the three-dimensional scanning digital model and calculating the quality judging result of the prefabricated part.
According to the method, the main point cloud data of the prefabricated part are obtained through scanning and detecting the main target point of the prefabricated part, and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part are obtained through scanning and detecting the auxiliary target point of the prefabricated part; performing data preprocessing and point cloud merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part, and improving the accuracy of the point cloud data; and respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model to obtain a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model, wherein the centers of triangular patches with the same positions in the two triangular patch models form a model point pair, the three-dimensional scanning digital model is judged by utilizing the data of the model point pair, the quality judgment result of the prefabricated part is calculated, and the quality detection and judgment result is improved.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, produces a flow or function in accordance with embodiments of the present application, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted across a computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The quality detection method of the building prefabricated part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, setting a main target spot and a secondary target spot on a prefabricated part;
s2, scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part, and scanning and detecting a secondary target point of the prefabricated part to obtain secondary point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
s3, carrying out data preprocessing and point cloud data merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
s4, establishing a three-dimensional reference digital model according to a computer-aided design drawing of the prefabricated part; establishing a three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated part according to the global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
s5, respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model to obtain a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model, wherein the centers of triangular patches with the same positions in the two triangular patch models form a model point pair;
and S6, judging the three-dimensional scanning digital model by using the data of the model point pairs, and calculating the quality judgment result of the prefabricated part.
2. The quality inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 includes the steps of:
s5.1, respectively gridding the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model into a reference triangular patch model and a scanning triangular patch model;
s5.2, obtaining points with the same positions of the centers of the triangular patches in the reference triangular patch model and the scanning triangular patch model to form a model point pair.
3. The quality inspection method according to claim 2, wherein the step S6 includes the steps of:
s6.1, acquiring center point data of triangular patches at all important positions in the three-dimensional scanning digital model to generate a data set F (F) 1 ,f 2 ,…，f i ,…，f n ) Wherein f i The central point data of the triangular patches at the ith important position in the three-dimensional scanning digital model are obtained, and n is the number of the important positions;
s6.2, acquiring data sets of model point pairs formed by central point data of triangular patches at important positions in the three-dimensional reference digital model and the data set F
Wherein->
Forming center point data of a model point pair for center point data of the triangular patches at the i-th important position in the three-dimensional reference digital model and the data set F, wherein n is the number of important positions;
s6.3, obtaining the importance degree of each important position,the important positional deviation weight S is performed by the following formula i Is calculated by (1):
wherein D is i K is an adjustment coefficient, and n is the number of important positions;
s6.4, calculating a quality judgment result X of the prefabricated part:
wherein D is i F is the importance of the important position i Is the center point data of the triangular patch at the ith important position in the three-dimensional scanning digital model, S i N is the number of important positions, which is the weight of the important position deviation.
4. The quality inspection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, all the primary point cloud data and the secondary point cloud data are subjected to data preprocessing and point cloud data merging through a primary component analysis technology dimension reduction, a spatial clustering algorithm denoising based on density, and an inverse PAC dimension-increasing calculation process, so as to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated member.
5. The quality inspection method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, a main target and a sub target of a checkerboard shape are provided on the prefabricated member to be inspected, and the main target and the sub target are staggered.
6. A quality inspection system for a building prefabricated element for implementing the quality inspection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: the system comprises a target setting unit, a main body scanner, an auxiliary scanner, a data processing module, a three-dimensional reference model building module, a three-dimensional scanning model building module, a data analysis and evaluation module and a judging module;
the target setting unit is used for setting a main target and a secondary target on the prefabricated component and is used as a reference point for scanning measurement;
the main body scanner is used for scanning and detecting a main target point of the prefabricated part to obtain main point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
the auxiliary scanner is used for scanning and detecting auxiliary targets of the prefabricated parts to obtain auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated parts;
the data processing module is used for carrying out data preprocessing and point cloud merging on the main point cloud data and the auxiliary point cloud data of the prefabricated part to obtain global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
the three-dimensional reference model building module is used for building a three-dimensional reference digital model according to the computer-aided design drawing of the prefabricated part;
the three-dimensional scanning model building module is used for building a three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated part according to global point cloud data of the prefabricated part;
the data analysis and evaluation module is used for respectively carrying out gridding on the three-dimensional reference digital model and the three-dimensional scanning digital model of the prefabricated component to obtain two triangular patch models, and forming a model point pair by using points with the same positions of the triangular patch centers in the two triangular patch models;
and the judging module is used for judging the three-dimensional scanning digital model by utilizing the data of the model point pairs and calculating the quality judging result of the prefabricated part.
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