CN116029622B - Plate girder bridge safety early warning method and device based on cloud evidence reasoning - Google Patents
Plate girder bridge safety early warning method and device based on cloud evidence reasoning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plate girder bridge safety early warning method and device based on cloud evidence reasoning, and relates to the technical field of bridge structure safety assessment and prediction early warning; establishing an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index; describing the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level by adopting a cloud model, and obtaining the membership between the evaluation index and each security level based on a cloud generator algorithm; based on an evidence theory, carrying out multi-source fusion on the membership between the evaluation index and the security level to obtain an evaluation result of the bridge; based on bridge evaluation results, constructing evaluation indexes and safety levels of bridges in a set area range as a decision table; and removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table, and separating out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table to realize bridge safety early warning. The invention can realize effective safety evaluation of the girder bridge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge structure safety assessment and predictive early warning, in particular to a plate girder bridge safety early warning method and device based on cloud evidence reasoning.
Background
As a conventional bridge structure, the slab bridge has the advantages of large number and wide distribution range, and can generally bear larger traffic pressure, and the overload condition on the bridge is more serious than that of other bridge types, and the slab bridge can be used for being spread over highways, urban overhead, crossing rivers and lakes and the like. In road traffic, slab girder bridges are widely adopted, the service time is long, the grade of the bridge is generally low, sufficient management and maintenance importance is lacked, and the disease condition is more serious. Meanwhile, most of plate girder bridges are designed in a standardized mode, bridge type structures are similar, the number of plate girder bridges distributed in a region is large, and the safety state assessment method among the bridges has strong generalization. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified safety assessment system for the regional inner plate girder bridge and to perform rapid safety pre-warning on the plate girder bridge by using a small number of index combinations.
Currently, bridge management and maintenance departments generally adopt a buckling method to carry out safety evaluation on a slab-girder bridge, a mode of buckling each selected index item by item is comprehensively obtained to obtain a final score value of the bridge, and the scoring process needs to evaluate monitoring and detection results of the bridge according to experience and inevitably contains subjectivity and uncertainty. In addition, after all indexes are detected, the score of the bridge needs to be evaluated afterwards, and quick early warning is difficult to realize. Safety early warning models based on time sequence analysis, such as an autoregressive average moving model (ARIMA) and a gray system prediction model (GM), need to build a time sequence model for pre-judging according to state data of the previous years of a bridge, and the external environment, traffic volume and other factors have large changes and have no tendency to be followed, so that the accuracy of the prediction method is difficult to ensure, and the practical applicability is not strong. As can be seen, there is currently a lack of effective methods of slab bridge safety assessment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a plate girder bridge safety early warning method and device based on cloud evidence reasoning, which can realize effective safety assessment of the plate girder bridge.
In order to achieve the purpose, the plate girder bridge safety early warning method based on cloud evidence reasoning provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge according to the bridge information obtained by bridge investigation in the set area range;
according to the principle that the bridge performance is from high to low, an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index is established, wherein the safety level comprises an alarm line level and a state level;
describing the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level by adopting a cloud model, and obtaining the membership between the evaluation index and each security level based on a cloud generator algorithm;
based on an evidence theory, carrying out multi-source fusion on the membership between the evaluation index and the security level to obtain an evaluation result of the bridge;
based on bridge evaluation results, constructing evaluation indexes and safety levels of bridges in a set area range as a decision table;
and removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table, and separating out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table to realize bridge safety early warning.
On the basis of the technical scheme, according to the bridge information obtained by investigation of the bridge in the set area, an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge is selected, and the specific steps comprise:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out information investigation on bridges in a set area range, and summarizing bridge information from structural parameters, service time, traffic flow, disease conditions, monitoring data and inspection reports;
according to the summarized bridge information, selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the bridge safety condition from the stress condition, the overload condition, the transverse connection, the inspection result and the service time dimension;
the evaluation indexes comprise a stress threshold value, an alarm measuring point number proportion, an alarm number in a set time, a stress peak value super-threshold proportion, a transverse distribution coefficient maximum value, a transverse alarm proportion, a disease number in a set length and bridge age.
On the basis of the technical proposal, the method comprises the following steps,
the alarm line grade comprises a no-alarm line, a light alarm line, a medium alarm line, a heavy alarm line and a huge alarm line;
the state level comprises no alarm, light alarm, medium alarm, heavy alarm and huge alarm;
after the alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index is established, the method further comprises the following steps:
and determining the threshold value of each evaluation index, and dividing the alarm line level of each evaluation index according to the division principle of the golden section method.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the cloud model is adopted to describe the uncertainty degree between the evaluation index and the security level, and the membership degree between the evaluation index and each security level is obtained based on a cloud generator algorithm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the determined threshold value of the evaluation index, generating cloud parameters of each evaluation index by adopting a reverse cloud generator algorithm, and taking the cloud parameters as an evaluation standard cloud model;
calculating cloud parameters of the sample according to bridge information obtained by investigation aiming at each evaluation index;
substituting the evaluation indexes into an evaluation standard cloud model, and applying a forward cloud generator to obtain the membership degree of each evaluation index of each bridge corresponding to each security level.
On the basis of the technical proposal, the method comprises the following steps,
the cloud parameters of the calculation sample are specifically as follows:
performing expected calculation in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
and (3) calculating entropy in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
and (3) performing calculation of super entropy in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,E x it is indicated that the desire is to be met,E n the entropy is represented by the value of the entropy,H e represents the super-entropy of the light,C min indicating that a certain evaluation index corresponds to a minimum value of the interval within a certain alarm line class,C max representing a certainThe evaluation index corresponds to the maximum value of the interval within a certain alarm line class,x i indicating the first range of the set areaiThe seat bridge corresponds to the evaluation index in the alarm line level,mrepresenting the total number of bridges within the set area,
the sample mean value of all bridges corresponding to a certain alarm line level in the set area range is represented,Ssample variances of all bridges corresponding to a certain alarm line level in a set area range are represented;
and obtaining the membership degree of each evaluation index of each bridge corresponding to each safety grade, wherein the membership degree is calculated by the following steps:
to be used forE n In the hope that,H e for variance, generate random numberE n1 ；
To be used forE x In the hope that,E n1 for variance, generate random numberx；
Calculating random numbersxCorresponding membership degree
Forming a cloud dropx,C T (x))；
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,C T (x) Indicating the membership of the evaluation index to a certain security level.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the method carries out multi-source fusion on the membership degree between the evaluation index and the safety level based on the evidence theory to obtain the evaluation result of the bridge, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the evaluation index is regarded as evidence, the security level is regarded as coke element, the membership between the evaluation index and the security level is regarded as basic probability assignment, and the Dempster synthesis rule in the evidence theory is utilized for fusion, wherein the fusion mode is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,m 1 (M)m 2 (N) In (a) and (b)m 1 ()m 2 () Represents 2 evaluation indexes to be fused,MandNthe focal length of the lens is represented by,Lrepresenting focal elementsMAnd focal elementNIs used for the intersection of (a) and (b),m 1 (M) Represents one of 2 evaluation indexes to be fused, wherein one evaluation index corresponds to the focal elementMIs assigned to the base probability of (a),m 2 (N) Representing that the other evaluation index corresponds to the focal element in the 2 evaluation indexes to be fusedMIs assigned to the base probability of (a),Krepresents the degree of conflict between the 2 evaluation indexes to be fused,m(L) Representing a fusion result;
and fusing all the evaluation indexes for set times to obtain the bridge evaluation result.
Based on the technical scheme, the bridge evaluation index and the safety level in the set area range are constructed as a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result, and the concrete steps include:
and expressing the evaluation index and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range in the form of a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result:
S=(U，A，V，f )
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,Sthe decision table is represented by a table of decisions,Urepresenting the rows in the decision table, representing the sample set, i.e. the slab bridge within the set area,Arepresenting columns in a decision table, divided into conditional attributesCAnd decision attributesDAnd (2) andC∪D=A，C∩D≠∅ Condition attributesCRepresenting evaluation index, decision attributeDThe level of security is indicated and,Vrepresenting a set of attribute values,frepresenting information functions, i.e.U×A→VRepresenting the mapping relationship between the conditional attribute and the decision attribute, for each objectUIs not equal to the value of each attribute of (a)aAssigning an attribute value, i.ea ∈A，y∈U，f（y,a）∈V。
Based on the technical scheme, the method adopts the rough set theory to remove the evaluation index with low contribution degree, obtains a simplified decision table, and separates out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table, and comprises the following specific steps:
based on the decision table obtained by representation, discretizing the data, and utilizing a rough set theory to mine the dependence of the security level on each evaluation index, judging to obtain the evaluation index with larger contribution, wherein the calculation mode of the dependence of the security level on the evaluation index is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
representing security levelDFor evaluation indexC j Is used to determine the degree of dependence of (1),POS(C j ,D) Representing security levelDRelative evaluation indexC j Is a positive domain of (2);
in the calculated dependence
On the basis of the above, the importance degree of each evaluation index relative to the security level is calculated, specifically:
sequencing the importance degree of each evaluation index from small to large, sequentially selecting the columns of the corresponding evaluation indexes in the decision table, if the classification capacity of the decision table is unchanged, indicating that the current evaluation index can be deleted, otherwise, indicating that the current evaluation index cannot be deleted, and thus obtaining a simplified decision table;
selecting the obtained simplified decision table to separate out a reduction rule, wherein the reduction rule is a current evaluation indexc j Evaluating the index when the divided equivalent set is identical to the safety level divided equivalent setc j When a certain value is reached, a certain security level is pointed.
Based on the technical scheme, the implementation of bridge safety precaution specifically comprises the following steps:
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained security level is a first level or a second level, the bridge is in a security state, and other evaluation index data are not required to be acquired;
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained safety level is three-level, indicating that potential safety hazards possibly exist in the bridge, making a middle-alarm forecast, and making a monitoring and inspection scheme in the recent period of the bridge so as to further judge the safety state of the bridge;
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained security level is four or five, indicating that the bridge is possibly endangered, immediately making a heavy alarm or a huge alarm, adopting corresponding traffic control, expanding special inspection of the bridge, collecting other evaluation index data, comprehensively evaluating, and taking reference for maintenance decision of the bridge.
The invention provides a plate girder bridge safety early warning device based on cloud evidence reasoning, which comprises the following components:
the selecting module is used for selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge according to the bridge information obtained by the bridge investigation in the set area range;
the building module is used for building an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index according to the principle that the bridge performance is from high to low, and the safety level comprises an alarm line level and a state level;
the description module is used for describing the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level by adopting a cloud model, and obtaining the membership between the evaluation index and each security level based on a cloud generator algorithm;
the fusion module is used for carrying out multi-source fusion on the membership between the evaluation index and the safety grade based on the evidence theory to obtain the evaluation result of the bridge;
the construction module is used for constructing the evaluation index and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range as a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result;
and the early warning module is used for removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table, and separating out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table to realize bridge safety early warning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention improves the accuracy of early warning by a decision method suitable for uncertain data, can quickly early warn when the bridge is endangered, strives for more time for maintenance and maintenance, avoids the occurrence of safety accidents, reduces monitoring and detecting indexes when the bridge is safe, saves manpower and material resource cost and has stronger engineering application value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a plate girder bridge safety early warning device based on cloud evidence reasoning in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a security assessment based on cloud evidence theory;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process of precipitating a safety warning rule.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention provides a plate girder bridge safety early warning method based on cloud evidence reasoning, on the basis, an implicit rule existing between bridge evaluation indexes and a safety state is mined by utilizing a rough set, so that an early warning rule of a bridge in an endangered dangerous state is obtained by reasoning, and decision support is provided for plate girder bridge cluster management and maintenance.
Referring to fig. 1, the plate girder bridge safety early warning method based on cloud evidence reasoning provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge according to the bridge information obtained by bridge investigation in the set area range; :
according to the bridge information obtained by investigation of the bridge in the set area range, the method selects the evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: the method comprises the steps of carrying out information investigation on bridges in a set area range, and summarizing bridge information from structural parameters, service time, traffic flow, disease conditions, monitoring data and inspection reports;
s102: according to the summarized bridge information, selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the bridge safety condition from the stress condition, the overload condition, the transverse connection, the inspection result and the service time dimension;
the evaluation indexes are selected according to the statistics and quantification principles, and the total number of the determined evaluation indexes is 8, namely stress threshold value, alarm measuring point number proportion, alarm number in set time, stress peak value super-threshold proportion, transverse distribution coefficient maximum value, transverse alarm proportion, disease number in set length and bridge age are recorded asC 1 ~C 8 。
S2: according to the principle that the bridge performance is from high to low, an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index is established, wherein the safety level comprises an alarm line level and a state level;
in the invention, the alarm line grade comprises a no-alarm line, a light alarm line, a medium alarm line, a heavy alarm line and a huge alarm line; the status classes include no alarm, light alarm, medium alarm, heavy alarm and huge alarm.
The method comprises the steps of establishing an alarm system with a security level of five lines, namely a no-alarm line, a light-alarm line, a medium-alarm line, a heavy-alarm line and a huge-alarm line, wherein the five lines are respectively a level I, a level II, a level III, a level IV and a level V, and correspond to the no-alarm, the light-alarm, the medium-alarm, the heavy-alarm and the huge-alarm.
In the invention, after an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index is established, the method further comprises the following steps: and determining the threshold value of each evaluation index, and dividing the alarm line level of each evaluation index according to the division principle of the golden section method. The threshold value of each evaluation index is determined through the ways of calculation and analysis, statistical rules, specification and the like, and the corresponding alarm line grade is divided according to the golden section method. And (3) optimizing scoring intervals in the highway bridge technical condition assessment standard and the urban bridge maintenance technical specification by using a golden section method according to the rule of classifying the alarm line.
The specific values of the alarm line grades of the evaluation indexes are determined through thresholds, theoretical change intervals obtained by calculation of the multi-working condition values are considered in the determination of the thresholds, and design limit values of different components and different mechanical indexes in the specification are combined, specifically as follows:
for the stress threshold value in the evaluation index, the threshold value division principle of the corresponding alarm line level is as follows: the non-warning line takes the minimum value of the stress in finite element calculation, the giant warning line takes the standard value of the tensile strength of the C50 concrete, the heavy warning line takes the design value of the C50 tensile strength, and the middle warning line takes 0, namely the full prestressed concrete is in a non-tensile state;
for the alarm measuring point number proportion, the stress peak value super-threshold proportion and the transverse distribution coefficient maximum value in the evaluation index, the threshold dividing principle of the corresponding alarm line level is as follows: taking the proportion coefficient of 100% as a limit value;
for the number of alarms in the set time (the set time can be one week) in the evaluation index, the threshold dividing principle of the corresponding alarm line level is as follows: according to the statistical result of the bridge monitoring points, taking the average alarm 50 times in one week of each measuring point as a limit value;
for the maximum value of the transverse distribution coefficient in the evaluation index, the threshold value division principle of the corresponding alarm line level is as follows: the non-police line takes 0, the huge police line takes 0.5, and the middle police line takes the design value of the transverse distribution coefficient;
for the disease number (the set length can be 1 meter) in the set length in the evaluation index, the threshold value division principle of the corresponding alarm line level is as follows: taking the position of 2 diseases per meter as a limit value;
for bridge age in the evaluation index, the threshold value division principle of the corresponding alarm line level is as follows: and taking the service life of the bridge in the specification as a limit value of 100 years.
And according to the determined threshold value and the division principle of the golden section method, dividing the alarm line for each evaluation index.
S3: describing the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level by adopting a cloud model, and obtaining the membership between the evaluation index and each security level based on a cloud generator algorithm; the adjacent safety levels are not in a 'strong segmentation' state, a transition mode of a cloud model is adopted, the cloud model is utilized to describe the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the safety levels, the randomness of on-site monitoring data and the ambiguity of detection scoring can be considered, and the membership degree between the evaluation index and each safety level is obtained through a two-time cloud generator algorithm and is used as the basis of subsequent multi-source index fusion.
In the invention, a cloud model is adopted to describe the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level, and the membership between the evaluation index and each security level is obtained based on a cloud generator algorithm, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s301: according to the determined threshold value of the evaluation index, generating cloud parameters of each evaluation index by adopting a reverse cloud generator algorithm, and taking the cloud parameters as an evaluation standard cloud model; five security levels corresponding to each evaluation index are represented by three intermediate cloud models and one rising cloud model and one falling cloud model.
S302: calculating cloud parameters of the sample according to bridge information obtained by investigation aiming at each evaluation index;
in the invention, cloud parameters of a sample are calculated, specifically:
performing expected calculation in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
and (3) calculating entropy in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
and (3) performing calculation of super entropy in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,E x it is indicated that the desire is to be met,E n the entropy is represented by the value of the entropy,H e represents the super-entropy of the light,C min indicating that a certain evaluation index corresponds to a minimum value of the interval within a certain alarm line class,C max indicating that a certain evaluation index corresponds to a maximum value of the interval within a certain alarm line class,x i indicating the first range of the set areaiThe seat bridge corresponds to the evaluation index in the alarm line level,mrepresenting the total number of bridges within the set area,
the sample mean value of all bridges corresponding to a certain alarm line level in the set area range is represented,Ssample variances of all bridges corresponding to a certain alarm line level in a set area range are represented;
s303: substituting the evaluation indexes into an evaluation standard cloud model, and applying a forward cloud generator to obtain the membership degree of each evaluation index of each bridge corresponding to each security level.
In the invention, the membership degree of each evaluation index of each bridge corresponding to each safety grade is obtained, wherein the membership degree is calculated by the following steps:
to be used forE n In the hope that,H e for variance, generate random numberE n1 ；
To be used forE x In the hope that,E n1 for variance, generate random numberx；
Calculating random numbersxCorresponding membership degree
Forming a cloud dropx,C T (x) Repeating until generation ofnCloud droplets;
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,C T (x) Indicating the membership of the evaluation index to a certain security level.
S4: based on an evidence theory, carrying out multi-source fusion on the membership between the evaluation index and the security level to obtain an evaluation result of the bridge; the safety states of the bridge in which 8 evaluation indexes tend are generally inconsistent, misjudgment is often caused if only a voucher-evaluation index is used for obtaining a conclusion, the membership functions of all the evaluation indexes are subjected to multi-source fusion by applying an evidence theory, the accuracy of an evaluation result is improved, the uncertainty of a system is reduced, and therefore the comprehensive safety level of the bridge is obtained.
In the invention, based on an evidence theory, the membership degree between an evaluation index and a safety grade is subjected to multi-source fusion to obtain an evaluation result of a bridge, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s401: the evaluation indexes are regarded as evidences (namely 8 evaluation indexes of the bridge are regarded as evidences), the safety levels are regarded as focal elements (namely 5 safety levels of the bridge are regarded as focal elements), the membership degree between the evaluation indexes and the safety levels is regarded as basic probability assignment, and the fusion is carried out by utilizing the Dempster synthesis rule in the evidence theory, wherein the fusion mode is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,m 1 (M)m 2 (N) In (a) and (b)m 1 ()m 2 () Represents 2 evaluation indexes to be fused,MandNthe focal length of the lens is represented by,Lrepresenting focal elementsMAnd focal elementNIs used for the intersection of (a) and (b),m 1 (M) Represents one of 2 evaluation indexes to be fused, wherein one evaluation index corresponds to the focal elementMIs assigned to the base probability of (a),m 2 (N) Representing that the other evaluation index corresponds to the focal element in the 2 evaluation indexes to be fusedMIs assigned to the base probability of (a),Krepresents the degree of conflict between the 2 evaluation indexes to be fused,m(L) Representing a fusion result;
since there are 8 evaluation indexes, the above-described fusion is required 7 times.
S402: and fusing all the evaluation indexes for set times to obtain the bridge evaluation result.
The reliability value of the evaluation result is obviously increased along with the iteration of the fusion times, the reliability interval range and the uncertainty are gradually reduced, and after 8 evaluation indexes are fused for 7 times, the safety level with obvious advantages is determined as the final evaluation result of the bridge. Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of security assessment based on cloud evidence theory is shown.
S5: based on bridge evaluation results, constructing evaluation indexes and safety levels of bridges in a set area range as a decision table;
in the invention, based on bridge evaluation results, the evaluation indexes and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range are constructed as a decision table, and the concrete steps comprise:
and expressing the evaluation index and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range in the form of a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result:
S=(U，A，V，f )
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,Sthe decision table is represented by a table of decisions,Urepresenting the rows in the decision table, representing the sample set, i.e. the slab bridge within the set area,Arepresenting columns in a decision table, divided into conditional attributesCAnd decision attributesDAnd (2) andC∪D=A，C∩D≠∅ Condition attributesCRepresenting evaluation index, decision attributeDThe level of security is indicated and,Vrepresenting a set of attribute values,frepresenting information functions, i.e.U×A→VRepresenting the mapping relationship between the conditional attribute and the decision attribute, for each objectUIs not equal to the value of each attribute of (a)aAssigning an attribute value, i.ea ∈A，y∈U，f（y,a）∈V。
S6: and removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table, and separating out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table to realize bridge safety early warning.
And removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by utilizing a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table based on a small amount of evaluation indexes, and further separating out a simplification rule to prepare for safety early warning of the bridge.
In the invention, a rough set theory is adopted to remove evaluation indexes with low contribution degree, a simplified decision table is obtained, and a simplifying rule is precipitated based on the simplified decision table, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s401: based on the decision table obtained by representation, discretizing the data, utilizing a rough set theory to mine the dependence degree of the security level on each evaluation index, judging to obtain the evaluation index with larger contribution, further exploring the dependence degree relation among different condition attributes, constructing a corresponding dependence relation map, and deeply mining the hidden association between the monitoring data and the inspection diseases. The calculation mode of the dependence of the security level on the evaluation index is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
representing security levelDFor evaluation indexC j Is used to determine the degree of dependence of (1),POS(C j ,D) Representing security levelDRelative evaluation indexC j Is the positive domain of (i.e. security level)DRelative evaluation indexC j Representing an equivalent set
Elements of (a)XAll belong toDI.e. +.>
ThenXMust belong toD，/>
Representing the lower approximation set, i.e
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
when->
=0，DCompletely independent ofC j I.e. evaluation indexC j The safety state of the bridge is not affected at all; when->
，DThe roughness depends onC j The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When->
Security level of bridge =1DIs totally dependent on evaluation indexC j ；
S402: in the calculated dependence
On the basis of the above, the importance degree of each evaluation index relative to the security level is calculated, specifically:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,Sig(c j ,C,D) The importance degree of the evaluation index with respect to the security level is represented,
representing the secondary evaluation index setCThe evaluation index is deletedc j Then, the change of the dependence of the security level on the evaluation index set represents the evaluation indexc j Importance of (2);
s403: sequencing the importance degree of each evaluation index from small to large, sequentially selecting the columns of the corresponding evaluation indexes in the decision table, if the classification capacity of the decision table is unchanged, indicating that the current evaluation index can be deleted, otherwise, indicating that the current evaluation index cannot be deleted, and repeating the operation on all the evaluation indexes until a final reduced set is obtained
Thereby obtaining a reduced decision table->
Since the reduction set is not generally unique, it also corresponds to a plurality of reduced decision tables.
S404: selectingThe simplified decision table (the number of the residual evaluation indexes after reduction is 2-3) is selected, so that a simplifying rule can be separated out, wherein the simplifying rule is that the evaluation indexes are as followsc j Partitioned equivalence sets and security levelsD k When the divided equivalent sets are identical, evaluating the indexc j When reaching a certain value, a certain security level is pointed to, and the rule is expressed as:
and (3) summarizing all the precipitated simplification rules to form the safety early warning rules of the bridge. Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a process of precipitating a safety warning rule is shown.
By the simplifying rule precipitated in the steps, when the girder bridge in the set area range is subjected to subsequent evaluation, the effect of rapid early warning can be achieved based on a small amount of evaluation indexes, particularly the evaluation indexes easy to collect. Namely, the bridge safety early warning is realized, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained security level is the first level or the second level, the bridge is in a security state, other evaluation index data are not required to be acquired, the historical data are deleted to release the memory, and only the evaluation result is returned to the platform;
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained safety level is three-level, the potential safety hazard of the bridge is indicated, a middle alarm forecast is made, a monitoring and inspection scheme in the recent period of the bridge is formulated, and the safety state of the bridge is further judged in detail;
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained security level is four or five, the bridge is possibly endangered, a heavy alarm or a huge alarm is quickly made, corresponding traffic control is adopted, special inspection of the bridge is unfolded, other index data are collected, comprehensive evaluation is carried out, and reference is made for maintenance decision of the bridge.
According to the plate girder bridge safety early warning method based on cloud evidence reasoning, the plate girder bridge is subjected to safety assessment by using the cloud evidence method, and based on the safety assessment, the early warning rule is extracted and refined by information, so that the purpose of realizing bridge quick early warning by using a small amount of assessment indexes is achieved, and corresponding management and maintenance schemes are formulated for bridges with different early warning grades.
The embodiment of the invention provides a plate girder bridge safety early warning device based on cloud evidence reasoning, which comprises a selecting module, a building module, a description module, a fusion module, a construction module and an early warning module.
The selecting module is used for selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge according to the bridge information obtained by the bridge investigation in the set area range; the building module is used for building an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index according to the principle that the bridge performance is from high to low, and the safety level comprises an alarm line level and a state level; the description module is used for describing the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level by adopting a cloud model, and obtaining the membership between the evaluation index and each security level based on a cloud generator algorithm; the fusion module is used for carrying out multi-source fusion on the membership between the evaluation index and the security level based on the evidence theory to obtain the evaluation result of the bridge; the construction module is used for constructing the evaluation index and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range as a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result; the early warning module is used for removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table, and separating out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table to realize bridge safety early warning.
The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the application to enable one skilled in the art to understand or practice the application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Claims (7)
1. A plate girder bridge safety early warning method based on cloud evidence reasoning is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge according to the bridge information obtained by bridge investigation in the set area range;
according to the principle that the bridge performance is from high to low, an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index is established, wherein the safety level comprises an alarm line level and a state level;
describing the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level by adopting a cloud model, and obtaining the membership between the evaluation index and each security level based on a cloud generator algorithm;
based on an evidence theory, carrying out multi-source fusion on the membership between the evaluation index and the security level to obtain an evaluation result of the bridge;
based on bridge evaluation results, constructing evaluation indexes and safety levels of bridges in a set area range as a decision table;
removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table, and separating out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table to realize bridge safety early warning;
the bridge evaluation method comprises the following specific steps of constructing an evaluation index and a safety level of a bridge in a set area range as a decision table based on a bridge evaluation result, wherein the specific steps comprise:
and expressing the evaluation index and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range in the form of a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result:
S=(U，A，V，f)
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,Sthe decision table is represented by a table of decisions,Urepresenting the rows in the decision table, representing the sample set, i.e. the slab bridge within the set area,Arepresenting columns in a decision table, divided into conditional attributesCAnd decision attributesDAnd (2) andC∪D=A，C∩D≠∅ Condition attributesCRepresenting evaluation index, decision attributeDThe level of security is indicated and,Vrepresenting a set of attribute values,frepresenting information functions, i.e.U×A→VRepresenting the mapping relationship between the conditional attribute and the decision attribute, for each objectUIs not equal to the value of each attribute of (a)aAssigning an attribute value, i.ea∈A，y ∈U，f（y,a）∈V；
The alarm line grade comprises a no-alarm line, a light alarm line, a medium alarm line, a heavy alarm line and a huge alarm line;
the state level comprises no alarm, light alarm, medium alarm, heavy alarm and huge alarm;
after the alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index is established, the method further comprises the following steps:
determining threshold values of all evaluation indexes, and dividing alarm line grades of all evaluation indexes according to a division principle of a golden section method;
the cloud model is adopted to describe the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level, and the membership degree between the evaluation index and each security level is obtained based on a cloud generator algorithm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the determined threshold value of the evaluation index, generating cloud parameters of each evaluation index by adopting a reverse cloud generator algorithm, and taking the cloud parameters as an evaluation standard cloud model;
calculating cloud parameters of the sample according to bridge information obtained by investigation aiming at each evaluation index;
substituting the evaluation indexes into an evaluation standard cloud model, and applying a forward cloud generator to obtain the membership degree of each evaluation index of each bridge corresponding to each security level.
2. The method for pre-warning the safety of the plate girder bridge based on cloud evidence reasoning according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge according to the bridge information obtained by the bridge investigation of the set area range include:
the method comprises the steps of carrying out information investigation on bridges in a set area range, and summarizing bridge information from structural parameters, service time, traffic flow, disease conditions, monitoring data and inspection reports;
according to the summarized bridge information, selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the bridge safety condition from the stress condition, the overload condition, the transverse connection, the inspection result and the service time dimension;
the evaluation indexes comprise a stress threshold value, an alarm measuring point number proportion, an alarm number in a set time, a stress peak value super-threshold proportion, a transverse distribution coefficient maximum value, a transverse alarm proportion, a disease number in a set length and bridge age.
3. The plate girder bridge safety precaution method based on cloud evidence reasoning of claim 1, characterized in that,
the cloud parameters of the calculation sample are specifically as follows:
performing expected calculation in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
and (3) calculating entropy in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
and (3) performing calculation of super entropy in cloud parameters:
for interval data, the calculation mode is as follows:
；
for discrete data, the calculation method is as follows:
；
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,E x it is indicated that the desire is to be met,E n the entropy is represented by the value of the entropy,H e represents the super-entropy of the light,C min indicating that a certain evaluation index corresponds to a minimum value of the interval within a certain alarm line class,C max indicating that a certain evaluation index corresponds to a maximum value of the interval within a certain alarm line class,x i indicating the first range of the set areaiThe seat bridge corresponds to the evaluation index in the alarm line level,mrepresenting the total number of bridges within the set area,
the sample mean value of all bridges corresponding to a certain alarm line level in the set area range is represented,Ssample variances of all bridges corresponding to a certain alarm line level in a set area range are represented;
and obtaining the membership degree of each evaluation index of each bridge corresponding to each safety grade, wherein the membership degree is calculated by the following steps:
to be used forE n In the hope that,H e for variance, generate random numberE n1 ；
To be used forE x In the hope that,E n1 for variance, generate random numberx；
Calculating random numbers
Corresponding membership->
Forming a cloud dropx, C T (x))；
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,C T (x) Indicating the membership of the evaluation index to a certain security level.
4. The plate girder bridge safety early warning method based on cloud evidence reasoning of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that membership between an evaluation index and a safety level is subjected to multi-source fusion based on the evidence theory to obtain a bridge evaluation result, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the evaluation index is regarded as evidence, the security level is regarded as coke element, the membership between the evaluation index and the security level is regarded as basic probability assignment, and the Dempster synthesis rule in the evidence theory is utilized for fusion, wherein the fusion mode is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,m 1 (M)m 2 (N) In (a) and (b)m 1 ()m 2 () Represents 2 evaluation indexes to be fused,MandNthe focal length of the lens is represented by,Lrepresenting focal elementsMAnd focal elementNIs used for the intersection of (a) and (b),m 1 (M) Representing 2 evaluations to be fusedOne of the indexes corresponds to the focal elementMIs assigned to the base probability of (a),m 2 (N) Representing that the other evaluation index corresponds to the focal element in the 2 evaluation indexes to be fusedMIs assigned to the base probability of (a),Krepresents the degree of conflict between the 2 evaluation indexes to be fused,m(L) Representing a fusion result;
and fusing all the evaluation indexes for set times to obtain the bridge evaluation result.
5. The method for early warning of plate girder bridge safety based on cloud evidence reasoning according to claim 1, wherein the method for removing the evaluation index with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a reduced decision table and separating out a reduction rule based on the reduced decision table comprises the following specific steps:
based on the decision table obtained by representation, discretizing the data, and utilizing a rough set theory to mine the dependence of the security level on each evaluation index, judging to obtain the evaluation index with larger contribution, wherein the calculation mode of the dependence of the security level on the evaluation index is as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
representing security levelDFor evaluation indexC j Is used to determine the degree of dependence of (1),POS(C j ,D) Representing security levelDRelative evaluation indexC j Is a positive domain of (2);
in the calculated dependence
On the basis of the above, the importance degree of each evaluation index relative to the security level is calculated, specifically:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,Sig(c j ,C,D) The importance degree of the evaluation index with respect to the security level is represented,
representing the secondary evaluation index setCThe evaluation index is deletedc j Then, the change of the dependence of the security level on the evaluation index set represents the evaluation indexc j Importance of (2);
sequencing the importance degree of each evaluation index from small to large, sequentially selecting the columns of the corresponding evaluation indexes in the decision table, if the classification capacity of the decision table is unchanged, indicating that the current evaluation index can be deleted, otherwise, indicating that the current evaluation index cannot be deleted, and thus obtaining a simplified decision table;
selecting the obtained simplified decision table to separate out a reduction rule, wherein the reduction rule is a current evaluation indexc j Evaluating the index when the divided equivalent set is identical to the safety level divided equivalent setc j When a certain value is reached, a certain security level is pointed.
6. The method for realizing the plate girder bridge safety early warning based on cloud evidence reasoning according to claim 5, wherein the method for realizing the bridge safety early warning is specifically as follows:
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained security level is a first level or a second level, the bridge is in a security state, and other evaluation index data are not required to be acquired;
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained safety level is three-level, indicating that potential safety hazards possibly exist in the bridge, making a middle-alarm forecast, and making a monitoring and inspection scheme in the recent period of the bridge so as to further judge the safety state of the bridge;
based on the evaluation index in the simplification rule, if the obtained security level is four or five, indicating that the bridge is possibly endangered, immediately making a heavy alarm or a huge alarm, adopting corresponding traffic control, expanding special inspection of the bridge, collecting other evaluation index data, comprehensively evaluating, and taking reference for maintenance decision of the bridge.
7. Plate girder bridge safety precaution device based on cloud evidence reasoning, characterized by comprising:
the selecting module is used for selecting an evaluation index for reflecting the safety state of the bridge according to the bridge information obtained by the bridge investigation in the set area range;
the building module is used for building an alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index according to the principle that the bridge performance is from high to low, and the safety level comprises an alarm line level and a state level;
the description module is used for describing the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level by adopting a cloud model, and obtaining the membership between the evaluation index and each security level based on a cloud generator algorithm;
the fusion module is used for carrying out multi-source fusion on the membership between the evaluation index and the safety grade based on the evidence theory to obtain the evaluation result of the bridge;
the construction module is used for constructing the evaluation index and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range as a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result;
the early warning module is used for removing evaluation indexes with low contribution degree by adopting a rough set theory to obtain a simplified decision table, and separating out a simplifying rule based on the simplified decision table to realize bridge safety early warning;
the bridge evaluation method comprises the following specific steps of constructing an evaluation index and a safety level of a bridge in a set area range as a decision table based on a bridge evaluation result, wherein the specific steps comprise:
and expressing the evaluation index and the safety level of the bridge in the set area range in the form of a decision table based on the bridge evaluation result:
S=(U，A，V，f)
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,Sthe decision table is represented by a table of decisions,Urepresenting rows in a decision table, representing sets of samples, i.e.A slab-girder bridge within a set area range,Arepresenting columns in a decision table, divided into conditional attributesCAnd decision attributesDAnd (2) andC∪D=A，C∩D≠∅ Condition attributesCRepresenting evaluation index, decision attributeDThe level of security is indicated and,Vrepresenting a set of attribute values,frepresenting information functions, i.e.U×A→VRepresenting the mapping relationship between the conditional attribute and the decision attribute, for each objectUIs not equal to the value of each attribute of (a)aAssigning an attribute value, i.ea∈A，y ∈U，f（y,a）∈V；
The alarm line grade comprises a no-alarm line, a light alarm line, a medium alarm line, a heavy alarm line and a huge alarm line;
the state level comprises no alarm, light alarm, medium alarm, heavy alarm and huge alarm;
after the alarm system for evaluating the safety level of the evaluation index is established, the method further comprises the following steps:
determining threshold values of all evaluation indexes, and dividing alarm line grades of all evaluation indexes according to a division principle of a golden section method;
the cloud model is adopted to describe the uncertainty between the evaluation index and the security level, and the membership degree between the evaluation index and each security level is obtained based on a cloud generator algorithm, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the determined threshold value of the evaluation index, generating cloud parameters of each evaluation index by adopting a reverse cloud generator algorithm, and taking the cloud parameters as an evaluation standard cloud model;
calculating cloud parameters of the sample according to bridge information obtained by investigation aiming at each evaluation index;
substituting the evaluation indexes into an evaluation standard cloud model, and applying a forward cloud generator to obtain the membership degree of each evaluation index of each bridge corresponding to each security level.
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