CN116029380A - Quantum algorithm processing method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosure provides a quantum algorithm processing method, a device, equipment, a storage medium and a program product, and relates to the technical fields of quantum gates, quantum circuit diagrams, instruction encapsulation and the like. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an instruction to be executed, which is initiated by a user terminal and indicates to be executed by quantum equipment; responding to the user-defined special instruction which is determined to be created in advance by the instruction to be executed, and acquiring a corresponding target user-defined code according to the acquired user-defined special instruction; the custom special instruction comprises a fixed part for reflecting the special instruction and a custom part for reflecting the custom instruction; the quantum device is controlled to run a custom quantum algorithm pointed by the custom code, a classical computing part in the custom quantum algorithm is executed by a classical computing component associated with the quantum device, and a quantum computing part is executed by the quantum device. The method enables the quantum device to run the corresponding custom quantum algorithm according to the custom code uploaded by the user side, and improves the use flexibility of the quantum device.

Description

Quantum algorithm processing method, device, equipment, storage medium and program product

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of quantum technologies, and in particular, to the technical fields of quantum gates, quantum circuit diagrams, instruction encapsulation, and the like, and in particular, to a quantum algorithm processing operation method, a device, an electronic apparatus, a computer readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

Background

With the increasing computing power of quantum devices, more and more algorithms described by quantum circuits can be executed by quantum devices.

In general, a quantum device can only operate a corresponding quantum circuit according to the quantum circuit diagram contained in the incoming instruction to be executed, i.e. the supported operating range is limited to identifiable quantum circuits.

With the traditional quantum cloud architecture, each execution depends on the last result to be returned from the network (remote), and the network returns a series of algorithms and scheduling time delays are usually tens of seconds in consideration of the network return, so that the noisy middle quantum computing era is a large number of computing architectures which use the cyclic iteration of the variational algorithm, and a large amount of time is lost on the network on the traditional quantum cloud architecture.

Therefore, how to solve this problem is a urgent problem for those skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the disclosure provides a quantum algorithm processing method, a quantum algorithm processing device, electronic equipment, a computer readable storage medium and a computer program product.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a quantum algorithm processing method, including: acquiring an instruction to be executed, which is initiated by a user terminal and indicates to be executed by quantum equipment; responding to the user-defined special instruction which is determined to be created in advance by the instruction to be executed, and acquiring a corresponding target user-defined code according to the acquired user-defined special instruction; the custom special instruction comprises a fixed part for reflecting the special instruction and a custom part for reflecting the custom instruction; controlling quantum equipment to run a custom quantum algorithm pointed by a custom code; the classical computation part in the custom quantum algorithm is executed by a classical computation component associated with the quantum device, and the quantum computation part is executed by the quantum device.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a quantum algorithm processing apparatus, including: the to-be-executed instruction acquisition unit is configured to acquire to-be-executed instructions which are initiated by the user side and are executed by the quantum equipment; the custom code acquisition unit is configured to respond to the custom special instruction which is determined to be created in advance by the instruction to be executed, and acquire a corresponding target custom code according to the acquired custom special instruction; the custom special instruction comprises a fixed part for reflecting the special instruction and a custom part for reflecting the custom instruction; the self-defined quantum algorithm running unit is configured to run the self-defined quantum algorithm pointed by the self-defined code; the classical computation part in the custom quantum algorithm is executed by a classical computation component associated with the quantum device, and the quantum computation part is executed by the quantum device.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to implement the quantum algorithm processing method as described in the first aspect when executed.

In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for enabling a computer to implement the quantum algorithm processing method as described in the first aspect when executed.

In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, is capable of implementing the steps of a quantum algorithm processing method as described in the first aspect.

According to the quantum algorithm processing scheme provided by the disclosure, the special instructions comprising the fixed part for reflecting the special instructions and the custom part for reflecting the custom instructions are identified as the custom special instructions, the custom codes for indicating the custom quantum algorithms are obtained according to the custom special instructions, and finally the quantum equipment is controlled to operate the custom codes to execute the corresponding custom quantum algorithms.

It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following specification.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, made with reference to the following drawings:

FIG. 1 is an exemplary system architecture in which the present disclosure may be applied;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of a quantum algorithm processing method provided in an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for creating custom special instructions and obtaining target custom code from the custom special instructions provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a quantum device to run a custom code according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of two branches providing different processing modes according to different requirements according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6a, fig. 6b, fig. 6c, and fig. 6d are schematic flow structure diagrams in combination with specific application scenarios, respectively;

fig. 7 is a block diagram of a quantum algorithm processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device adapted to perform a quantum algorithm processing method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which include various details of the embodiments of the present disclosure to facilitate understanding, and should be considered as merely exemplary. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Also, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted in the following description for clarity and conciseness. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.

In the technical scheme of the disclosure, the related processes of collecting, storing, using, processing, transmitting, providing, disclosing and the like of the personal information of the user accord with the regulations of related laws and regulations, and the public order colloquial is not violated.

Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary system architecture 100 to which embodiments of quantum algorithm processing methods, apparatus, electronic devices, and computer-readable storage media of the present disclosure may be applied.

As shown in fig. 1, a system architecture 100 may include terminal devices 101, 102, 103, a server 104, and a quantum device 105. The media used by the network to provide the communication links between the terminal devices 101, 102, 103 and the server 104, and between the server 104 and the quantum device 105, may include various connection types, such as wired, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables, among others.

The user may use the terminal devices 101, 102, 103 to perform information interaction with the server 104 through the network to receive the operation result or send the instruction to be executed, etc., and the server 104 may further issue the instruction to be executed received from the terminal devices 101, 102, 103 to the quantum device 105 to specifically execute, or receive the operation result returned by the quantum device 105. Various applications for implementing information communication between the terminal devices 101, 102, 103, the server 104, and the quantum device 105, such as an instruction issuing application, an instruction processing application, a quantum algorithm processing application, and the like, may be installed on the terminal devices.

The terminal devices 101, 102, 103, the server 104 and the quantum device 105 are typically embodied in hardware in different forms, and may also be embodied in software or a software product in some simulation or virtual scenario. When the terminal devices 101, 102, 103 are embodied in hardware, they may be various electronic devices having a display screen, including but not limited to smartphones, tablets, laptop and desktop computers, and the like; when the terminal devices 101, 102, 103 are software, they may be installed in the above-listed electronic devices, which may be implemented as a plurality of software or software modules, or may be implemented as a single software or software module, which is not particularly limited herein. When the server 104 is hardware, it may be implemented as a distributed server cluster formed by a plurality of servers, or may be implemented as a single server; when the server is software, the server may be implemented as a plurality of software or software modules, or may be implemented as a single software or software module, which is not particularly limited herein.

The server 104 may provide various services through various built-in applications, for example, an instruction processing application that may provide a special instruction processing service, and the server 104 may achieve the following effects when running the instruction processing application: firstly, receiving instructions to be executed, which are transmitted by a user through terminal devices 101, 102 and 103 and are executed by quantum device 105, through a network; then, when judging that the to-be-executed instruction is a pre-created custom special instruction, acquiring a corresponding target custom code according to the acquired custom special instruction, wherein the custom special instruction comprises a fixed part for reflecting the special instruction and a custom part belonging to the custom instruction; finally, quantum device 105 is controlled to run a custom quantum algorithm referred to by the custom code, where classical computing portions of the custom quantum algorithm are performed by classical computing components associated with quantum device 105, and quantum computing portions are performed by quantum device 105.

The quantum algorithm processing method provided in the subsequent embodiments of the present disclosure is generally implemented by the server 104 installed in front of the quantum device 105, and accordingly, the quantum algorithm processing apparatus is also generally disposed in the server 104.

It should be understood that the number of terminal devices, servers, and quantum devices in fig. 1 are merely illustrative. There may be any number of terminal devices, servers, and quantum devices, as desired for implementation.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a quantum algorithm processing method provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, where a flowchart 200 includes the following steps:

step 201: acquiring an instruction to be executed, which is initiated by a user terminal and indicates to be executed by quantum equipment;

this step is intended to obtain, by an execution subject of the quantum algorithm processing method (e.g., the server 104 shown in fig. 1), an instruction to be executed, initiated by a user side (typically a terminal device used by the user, such as a mobile smart terminal or a fixed terminal held by the user, such as a smart phone or a desktop computer, etc.), that instructs execution by a quantum device (e.g., the quantum device 105 shown in fig. 1).

Step 202: responding to the user-defined special instruction which is determined to be created in advance by the instruction to be executed, and acquiring a corresponding target user-defined code according to the acquired user-defined special instruction;

on the basis of step 201, when the execution subject determines that the received instruction to be executed is a custom special instruction created in advance by a user, the corresponding target custom code is obtained according to the custom special instruction.

The special instruction is different from a normal instruction of the vector sub device in the prior art, in order to enable the execution body to identify whether the instruction to be executed is the normal instruction, the special instruction or the special instruction to be customized, a fixed part (such as a specific character, a specific character string or a field which is newly added in the instruction and is specially used for identifying the special instruction) for distinguishing the normal instruction is preset in the special instruction, that is, the fixed part is used for reflecting an instruction to be executed as the special instruction, and further, on the basis of the fixed part (such as a user-defined name, a text, a number and the like) for reflecting the special instruction to be customized can be added, so that the instruction simultaneously comprising the fixed part and the custom part is identified as the special instruction to be customized.

It should be noted that, all the custom special instructions are created by the user through the terminal device used by the user in advance, that is, the custom part forming the custom special instruction is named by the creator, in addition, when the custom special instruction is created, the corresponding relation between the custom part and the custom code needs to be completed, for example, the corresponding relation between the custom part and the custom code may be directly established, or the corresponding relation between the custom code and another object may be directly established in consideration of the fact that the custom code may not be conveniently established as an object, the index or the storage position of the custom code which can be obtained is taken as a representation thereof, and the corresponding relation between the custom part and the index or the storage position is established so as to find the index or the storage position through the corresponding relation, and then the corresponding custom code is obtained through the index or the storage position.

The custom code is used for characterizing a quantum algorithm customized by a user, and in general, the custom quantum algorithm may include a classical computing part and a quantum computing part at the same time, wherein the classical computing part needs to be executed by a classical computing component associated with a quantum device, and the quantum computing part is directly executed by the quantum device.

Step 203: and controlling the quantum device to run the custom quantum algorithm pointed by the custom code.

Based on step 202, this step aims at controlling the quantum device to run the custom quantum algorithm pointed by the custom code by the execution body. And subsequently, an operation result obtained by the quantum equipment for operating the custom quantum algorithm can be obtained, and returned to the user side for initiating the instruction to be executed.

According to the quantum algorithm processing method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, the special instructions comprising the fixed part for reflecting the special instructions and the custom part for reflecting the custom instructions are identified as the custom special instructions, the custom codes for indicating the custom quantum algorithms are obtained according to the custom special instructions, and the quantum equipment is finally controlled to operate the custom codes to execute the corresponding custom quantum algorithms.

To enhance understanding of how custom special instructions that can be identified by the executing entity as custom special instructions are created in advance, the present embodiment further illustrates a flowchart of a method for creating custom special instructions and obtaining target custom code according to the custom special instructions by fig. 3, wherein the flowchart 300 includes the steps of:

step 301: acquiring a creation request of a custom special instruction initiated by a user terminal;

the step aims at acquiring a creation request of a custom special instruction initiated by a user terminal by the execution main body, namely, the request characterizes the requirement that a user corresponding to the user terminal wants to create a custom special instruction by himself.

Step 302: extracting custom instruction names and corresponding storage positions of custom codes from the creation request;

on the basis of step 301, this step aims at extracting, by the above-mentioned execution body, from the creation request, the custom instruction name and the storage location of the corresponding custom code for creating the custom special instruction. The user-defined instruction naming is a user-defined part which is obtained by the user in a user-defined way, and can be expressed as a user name (such as Zhang three, lisi four, etc.) unique to the user, a character string and a name selected by the user, and the like; the storage location of the custom code is a storage location of the custom code representing the custom quantum algorithm in a code form, for example, an access address of a certain network storage space, a node of a certain content distribution network, a certain data storage server, and the like.

Step 303: establishing a corresponding relation between the naming of the custom instruction and the storage position;

based on step 302, this step aims at establishing, by the executing entity, a correspondence between the custom instruction name and the storage location, which may be represented as a B storage space under Zhang san-server a, for example.

Further, before the correspondence between the custom instruction name and the storage location is successfully established, the execution entity may also confirm whether the storage location actually stores the corresponding custom code, for example, by attempting to verify the digital signature on the file actually stored in the storage location through the public key of the user who initiates the creation request, and if the digital signature on the file is generated by the user using the private key, the digital signature can be normally verified by the public key. Specifically, when the verification is performed according to the storage location, the following layers can be specifically classified: firstly, verifying whether data or files are stored in the storage position; then, verifying whether the data or file stored in the storage position is a code file or not; next, it is verified whether the code file is a resolvable code file.

Under different practical application scenes, the required verification level can be set according to the practical requirements, and whether the corresponding relation can be successfully established is confirmed according to the verification result of the corresponding level.

Step 304: responding to the completion of the establishment of the corresponding relation, and returning a creation success notification to a user side initiating a creation request;

on the basis of successful establishment of the corresponding relation, the step aims to return a successful establishment notification to the user side initiating the establishment request by the execution main body.

Further, considering that the correspondence provided in this embodiment is a correspondence between a custom instruction name and a storage location, there is a case that a current user or other users try to tamper with the previous storage data under the condition that the storage location is known, so that after the establishment of the correspondence is completed, the storage space corresponding to the storage location is controlled to no longer receive a data writing operation, only a data reading operation is received, and the user side creating the request is informed to update or adjust the custom code thereof in a manner of re-creating a new custom special instruction, or only in the case that the strict security verification is passed, the permission of allowing the data writing operation to the storage space corresponding to the storage location is temporarily opened.

Step 301-step 305 provides a complete scheme for creating a custom special instruction in advance, and does not directly establish a corresponding relation between a custom instruction name and a custom code, but selects a corresponding relation between a suggested custom instruction name and a storage position of the custom code, thereby simplifying the corresponding relation and further shortening the time consumption of subsequent query matching operation based on the corresponding relation.

Step 305: extracting actual custom instruction naming from the preset field of the acquired custom special instruction;

step 306: inquiring the corresponding relation to determine an actual storage position corresponding to the naming of the actual custom instruction;

step 307: and downloading target custom codes stored in actual storage positions.

Steps 305-307 are a lower implementation scheme developed for step 202 under the implementation scheme provided in steps 301-305 that the specific creation gets the custom special instruction: firstly, extracting the actual custom instruction name from the preset field of the obtained custom special instruction, namely, storing the custom instruction name of the custom special instruction under the preset field of the instruction, then determining the actual storage position corresponding to the actual custom instruction name by inquiring the corresponding relation obtained by the previous record, and finally downloading the stored target custom code from the actual storage.

It should be noted that, step 305-step 307 is a low-level implementation based on the schemes provided in step 301-step 305, but does not represent that step 202 must be implemented according to step 305-step 307 in the case that the schemes of step 301-step 305 are provided, i.e. step 301-step 305 may also form an embodiment alone, and this embodiment exists as a preferred embodiment only.

For how step 203 is specifically implemented, this embodiment also shows, by this embodiment, an implementation manner of running the custom code by adopting a containerization technology and guaranteeing security by adopting a corresponding limiting means, specifically please refer to a flowchart of a method for controlling the quantum device to run the custom code shown in fig. 4, where a flowchart 400 includes the following steps:

step 401: the self-defined codes are issued to a code running container preset in the quantum equipment;

the step aims at issuing the self-defined code to a code operation container preset in the quantum device by the execution body, wherein the code operation container is constructed based on a containerization technology and can support normal operation of the self-defined code, namely, the code operation container can provide an operation environment for normal operation of the self-defined code.

Step 402: controlling the custom code to run in a code running container;

based on step 401, the execution body controls the custom code to run in the code running container, that is, a special running environment is built for the custom code by means of the code running container, so that the running environment provided for the custom code is isolated from the running environment of the quantum device, and the normal running of the quantum device is prevented from being influenced by running the custom code containing malicious content.

Step 403: the control quantum device limits the access right and the flow circulation direction of the code running container.

Based on step 402, this step aims to control the quantum device to limit the access right and the flow circulation direction of the code operation container, so as to avoid that the user-defined code obtains the access right enough to influence the operation environment of the quantum device or outputs the flow containing malicious content to the operation environment of the quantum device in the operation process by limiting the access right and the flow circulation direction.

Wherein the restricted access rights of the code run container may include at least one of:

writing permission of a system file of an external operating system, only calling a preset kernel function of the external operating system, acquiring the administrator permission of the external operating system, and operating in a privilege mode; wherein, the preset kernel function refers to a minimum number of kernel functions supporting the normal operation of the custom code.

And the restricted flow direction of the code run container may include:

and the flow outlet can only accept the task issuing flow from the preset component and only return the running result to the preset component or the preset whitelist.

Based on any of the above embodiments, considering that the custom quantum algorithm pointed by some custom special instructions is required to perform continuous testing including multiple ring quantum computing circuits, the custom quantum algorithm pointed by some custom special instructions only requires testing of single ring quantum computing circuits, so different subsequent processing modes can be adopted according to different requirements, fig. 5 shows a two-branch schematic diagram providing different processing modes according to different requirements, and the flow 500 includes the following steps:

step 501: judging whether the custom special instruction is a continuous test instruction, if so, executing step 502, otherwise, executing step 505;

the custom quantum algorithm referred to by a custom special instruction comprises at least two loops of quantum computing circuits, and is determined to be a continuous test instruction, whereas the custom quantum algorithm referred to by a custom special instruction comprises only a single loop of quantum computing circuits, and is determined to be a discontinuous test instruction.

Step 502: the quantum equipment is controlled to store the calculation result of the non-final quantum calculation circuit in a preset result temporary storage area;

Step 503: the quantum device is controlled to acquire the calculation result of the previous loop quantum calculation circuit from the result temporary storage area as calculated dependent data when the next loop quantum calculation circuit is operated;

step 504: receiving a final calculation result of a final loop quantum calculation circuit returned by the quantum equipment, and returning the final calculation result to a user side initiating a custom special instruction;

in this step 502-step 504, for the case that the custom special instruction is determined to be a continuous test instruction, a set of subsequent processing schemes is provided, that is, for the multi-ring quantum computing circuit that should run sequentially according to the time sequence, the quantum device stores the computing results of all the quantum computing circuits that are not the final ring in the associated result temporary storage area, so that the computing result of the previous ring of quantum computing circuit can be used as the dependent data for starting the calculation of the current ring of quantum computing circuit when the next ring of quantum computing circuit is performed, and the quantum device returns the final computing result of the final ring of quantum computing circuit to the execution main body only, so that the execution main body returns the final computing result to the user side that initiates the custom special instruction, that is, by this way, the communication interaction times between the quantum device and the server side can be reduced to the greatest extent, the communication interaction times between the server side and the user side can be reduced, thereby the selected overall running test is time-consuming, and the efficiency is improved.

Step 505: receiving a single-loop calculation result of a single-loop quantum calculation circuit returned by the quantum equipment;

step 506: and returning the single-loop calculation result to the user side initiating the custom special instruction.

In this step 505-step 506, for the case that the custom special instruction is determined to be a discontinuous test instruction, a set of subsequent processing schemes is provided, that is, for the single-loop calculation result of the single-loop quantum calculation circuit, the single-loop calculation result can be directly returned to the execution body after being obtained by the quantum device, so that the execution body returns the single-loop calculation result to the user side initiating the custom special instruction.

It should be noted that, the two processing branches included in the steps shown in fig. 5 may be formed separately to form different embodiments, and this embodiment exists only as a preferred embodiment that includes the two processing branches at the same time, and is not limited to the case that one of the processing branches is adopted, and the other processing branch must be represented by the scheme shown in the current drawing, and may be replaced by other possible similar schemes.

For a further understanding, the disclosure further provides a specific implementation scheme in combination with a specific application scenario, please refer to fig. 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d.

Aiming at the technical defect that the existing quantum equipment does not support the user-defined instruction, the embodiment firstly provides a solution for supporting the user-defined instruction based on Remote-native (special instruction), namely, codes submitted by a user through terminal equipment used by the user are allowed to be executed in a quantum end server.

In order to provide a relatively isolated operating environment and an efficient operation and maintenance management scheme, container technology is combined in a custom special instruction implementation scheme, which is based on a Kubernetes (an open source application for managing containerization on multiple hosts in a cloud platform) cluster system in a quantum-end server and a Docker container technology.

The definition and function of each execution body, which are related to the specific scheme provided in this embodiment, will be described below:

1. the user terminal:

in the implementation scheme of the custom special instruction, the user side comprises three methods of a newly added creation instruction, a viewing instruction and an operation instruction.

That is, based on the conventional special instruction channel structure, a new derivative class is further provided: and customizing the instruction class. The class creates a new custom special instruction by giving the instruction name and the directory path where the custom quantum algorithm (expressed in code form) is located by the user. The first stage of the catalog has a main function entry when the appointed user gives main.py as a real machine proxy call, and according to the given path, SDK (Software Development Kit ) packs the content in the catalog into a compressed package and uploads BOS (Baidu Object Storage, hundred-degree object storage service), and the uploading is successful to complete the creation of a custom special instruction.

The user-defined instruction checking step is used for listing a user-defined instruction list owned by the user and corresponding creation time; the running instruction runs the custom instruction by giving out instruction names and parameter lists.

2. Server side:

in the custom special instruction implementation scheme, the corresponding relation between the custom special instruction and the used custom quantum algorithm is maintained by a server side.

After receiving the request for creating the custom special instruction, the server side is responsible for associating the custom instruction name and the BOS storage address with the user ID and warehousing; when receiving a request of checking a user-defined instruction transmitted by a user side, the server side can always maintain a certain number of instructions in a counter mode according to all instructions of the current user side returned by the user ID, and after the number exceeds the maximum number, the server side updates and replaces the instruction with the longest creation time each time; and after receiving the operation request, the server forwards the parameter list and the BOS address corresponding to the name to the quantum equipment according to the instruction name.

3. Quantum device end:

the architecture of the quantum device end is combined with Kubernetes in a micro-service mode, agents (translated into master agents herein) continue to be responsible for main services, and execution of custom special instructions is completed by sub-agents (translated into slave agents herein) containers deployed in independent Pod (atomic management units under Kubernetes). The Agent is responsible for collecting tasks and uniformly scheduling from the server, including general tasks and special instruction tasks. After the Agent tries to detect validity and effectiveness of the completion method (by means including but not limited to command hash, command blacklist and the like), a special command task predefined by the user side is forwarded to the sub-Agent through a Socket-TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) protocol of a Pod network in the cluster. The Agent does not collect operation results of the custom special instruction task, and when the Agent forwards the instruction task to the sub-Agent, all processing of the task is completed.

After the sub-Agent operates to obtain a result, the result can be independently returned to the server side. The architecture keeps the independence of the Agent main service, and unidirectional task issuing to the sub-Agent isolates the execution of the custom instruction from the main service. As shown in fig. 6a, several basic components in the cluster, in addition to running Agent containers and Pod running sub-Agent containers, are Service and Volume (i.e., persistent volumes in fig. 6 a). Service is used to support network communication between Pod within a cluster. The sub-Agent mounted persistent volume provides log and cache services for running a custom algorithm. The architecture supports sub-Agent shrinking/expanding, and the number of the container copies can be flexibly adjusted according to cluster resources and the use amount of a user side. Meanwhile, supporting multiple sub-Agent copies also means that the custom instruction can achieve high parallelization in the running process.

The sub-Agent is a container mirror image for running a custom special instruction, monitors a designated port through a Socket-TCP protocol and is used for receiving a custom instruction task sent by an Agent container. And downloading the code to the local operation according to the BOS address in the task. The implementation is different from the method that the Agent receives and translates the circuit from the server, the sub-Agent needs to start from the local analysis of the source code, and the full-flow implementation of compiling, translating, submitting the bottom execution and returning the result is completed. The conventional method that the analyzed quantum circuit part is uploaded to a server side is changed into the method that the analyzed quantum circuit part is directly transmitted to hardware for execution after being translated by a local sub-Agent. In order to take on these functions, in addition to inheriting some components of the Agent for translation, the sub-Agent also carries a qcomp SDK for locally resolving the code. Furthermore, a quantile SDK (hardware system package development SDK) is carried for submitting the quantum circuit part of the algorithm to the underlying hardware. For complex quantum machine learning algorithms, a common environmental dependence is provided in a sub-Agent container for supporting a classical computing part in the algorithm.

The flow chart of the sub-Agent container operation is shown in FIG. 6 b: the sub-Agent simplifies the processing flow of the whole cloud platform, and then collects the processing flow into a container, and a code locally constructed by a user side can be sent to a quantum side as is by means of a local deployment comprehensive tool kit and an SDK and then executed. The Agent is highly isolated, and even if unknown abnormality occurs, normal operation of the main service is not affected.

For the problem of node and network security, this isolation is not absolute, as it is quite risky to run code uploaded by the user through his terminal device in the quantum-end server, although code can be run in a relatively isolated environment by means of container technology. Because the host node kernel is shared between the containers, no independent system service is provided, and therefore, the security of the nodes is ensured, and malicious behaviors such as modification damage and the like are required to be prevented from being initiated from the containers.

In the network aspect, since the Docker service provides a bridge (Docker 0) and NAT (network address translation), the container defaults to an intra-cluster and an intra-cluster network. Limiting access to network access to containers running code uploaded by user segments is also a necessary operation.

Aiming at the potential safety hazard, the embodiment provides technical implementation of two aspects of nodes and networks:

1) PodSecurityPolicy resource

PodSecurityPolicy resources may be used to restrict the rights of the containers in Pod and Pod to secure the nodes. The proposal is referred to as follows:

(1) closing the writable permission of the sub-Agent to the root file system, and downloading a custom algorithm code into a persistent volume for decompression because the persistent storage is already mounted for the sub-Agent;

(2) limiting kernel functions which can be used by the sub-Agent, and only screening out necessary function provision;

(3) the sub-Agent container is restricted from running as a root user to prevent an attacker from obtaining higher rights through the container;

(4) the constraint container cannot operate in privileged mode.

2) NetworkPolicy resources:

the NetworkPolicy resource may be used to isolate the Pod network and limit the Pod's external access traffic. As shown in fig. 6c, the sub-Agent is restricted to only receive the traffic inbound of the Pod tag as the Pod of the Agent through the Pod selector of NetworkPolicy. For the out-of-cluster network, only access traffic to ip addresses in the whitelist is allowed to go out. Through limiting the access flow, the user is ensured to only access the network environment specified by the developer through the passcode on the terminal equipment.

A flow chart including the complete flow of the above description is shown in fig. 6d.

The scheme of the embodiment provides a new implementation way for remote operation of the quantum algorithm: unlike the traditional practice of locally completing classical computation, the custom special instruction implementation scheme can be used for packaging the custom quantum algorithm into the custom special instruction and completely packaging the custom special instruction and sending the custom special instruction to the quantum equipment end for execution. When the pre-established custom special instruction is called again, the corresponding algorithm can be called at the quantum equipment end only by sending a command for running the instruction, the scheme greatly optimizes the running time of the quantum algorithm by omitting the transmission process of the quantum circuit in the cloud platform, is very significant for users, and fully utilizes idle resources in the quantum end server to bring more perfect experience to the users in quantum computing and classical computing.

With further reference to fig. 7, as an implementation of the method shown in the foregoing figures, the present disclosure provides an embodiment of a quantum algorithm processing apparatus, where the embodiment of the apparatus corresponds to the embodiment of the method shown in fig. 2, and the apparatus may be specifically applied to various electronic devices.

As shown in fig. 7, the quantum algorithm processing apparatus 700 of the present embodiment may include: an instruction to be executed acquisition unit 701, a custom code acquisition unit 702 and a custom quantum algorithm running unit 703. The to-be-executed instruction acquiring unit 701 is configured to acquire an instruction to be executed, which is initiated by the user terminal and indicates to be executed by the quantum device; a custom code obtaining unit 702 configured to obtain a corresponding target custom code according to the obtained custom special instruction in response to the instruction to be executed being determined as the custom special instruction created in advance; the custom special instruction comprises a fixed part for reflecting the special instruction and a custom part for reflecting the custom instruction; a custom quantum algorithm running unit 703 configured to run a custom quantum algorithm referred to by the custom code; the classical computation part in the custom quantum algorithm is executed by a classical computation component associated with the quantum device, and the quantum computation part is executed by the quantum device.

In the present embodiment, in the quantum algorithm processing apparatus 700: the specific processes and the technical effects of the to-be-executed instruction acquiring unit 701, the custom code acquiring unit 702, and the custom quantum algorithm running unit 703 may refer to the relevant descriptions of steps 201 to 203 in the corresponding embodiment of fig. 2, and are not described herein again.

In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the quantum algorithm processing apparatus 700 may further include:

the creation request acquisition unit is configured to acquire a creation request of a custom special instruction initiated by a user terminal;

an information extraction unit configured to extract custom instruction names and corresponding storage locations of custom codes from the creation request;

the corresponding relation establishing unit is configured to establish a corresponding relation between the custom instruction naming and the storage position;

and the creation success notification return unit is configured to return a creation success notification to the user side initiating the creation request in response to the completion of the establishment of the correspondence.

In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the custom code acquisition unit 702 may be further configured to:

extracting actual custom instruction naming from the preset field of the acquired custom special instruction;

Inquiring the corresponding relation to determine an actual storage position corresponding to the naming of the actual custom instruction;

and downloading target custom codes stored in actual storage positions.

In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the quantum algorithm processing apparatus 700 may further include:

the continuous test instruction processing unit is configured to respond to a self-defined special instruction as a continuous test instruction comprising at least two loops of quantum computing circuits, control the quantum device to store the computing result of the non-final loop of quantum computing circuits in a preset result temporary storage area, and control the quantum device to acquire the computing result of the last loop of quantum computing circuits from the result temporary storage area as calculated dependent data when the next loop of quantum computing circuits are operated;

the final calculation result returning unit is configured to receive the final calculation result of the final loop quantum calculation circuit returned by the quantum equipment and return the final calculation result to the user side initiating the custom special instruction.

In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the quantum algorithm processing apparatus 700 may further include:

the discontinuous test instruction processing unit is configured to respond to the discontinuous test instruction which only comprises the single-ring quantum computing circuit and is used for receiving a single-ring computing result of the single-ring quantum computing circuit returned by the quantum equipment and returning the single-ring computing result to a user side which initiates the self-defined special instruction.

In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the custom quantum algorithm execution unit 703 may be further configured to:

the self-defined codes are issued to a code running container preset in the quantum equipment; the code operation container is a container which is constructed based on a containerization technology and can support the normal operation of the self-defined code;

the control custom code runs in a code running container.

In some optional implementations of the present embodiment, the quantum algorithm processing apparatus 700 may further include:

and the access right and flow direction limiting unit is configured to control the quantum device to limit the access right and flow direction of the code running container.

In some alternative implementations of the present embodiment, the restricted access rights of the code run container include at least one of:

writing authority of a system file of the external operating system, only calling a preset kernel function of the external operating system, acquiring the authority of an administrator of the external operating system, and operating in a privilege mode; the preset kernel function refers to the least amount of kernel functions supporting normal operation of the custom code.

In some alternative implementations of the present embodiment, the restricted flow direction of the code run container includes:

And the flow outlet can only accept the task issuing flow from the preset component and only return the running result to the preset component or the preset whitelist.

The quantum algorithm processing device provided by the embodiment is used for identifying the special instruction and processing the special instruction, and the quantum device can operate the corresponding custom quantum algorithm by operating the custom code which is used for reflecting the fixed part belonging to the special instruction and the custom part belonging to the custom instruction, identifying the custom special instruction as the custom special instruction, acquiring the custom code which is used for indicating the custom quantum algorithm according to the custom special instruction, and finally controlling the quantum device to operate the custom code to execute the corresponding custom quantum algorithm.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure further provides an electronic device including: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to implement the quantum algorithm processing method described in any of the embodiments above when executed.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is also provided a readable storage medium storing computer instructions for enabling a computer to implement the quantum algorithm processing method described in any of the above embodiments when executed.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure further provides a computer program product, which, when executed by a processor, is capable of implementing the quantum algorithm processing method described in any of the above embodiments.

Fig. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 800 that may be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure. Electronic devices are intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processing, cellular telephones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the disclosure described and/or claimed herein.

As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus 800 includes a computing unit 801 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM) 802 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 808 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 803. In the RAM 803, various programs and data required for the operation of the device 800 can also be stored. The computing unit 801, the ROM 802, and the RAM 803 are connected to each other by a bus 804. An input/output (I/O) interface 805 is also connected to the bus 804.

Various components in device 800 are connected to I/O interface 805, including: an input unit 806 such as a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output unit 807 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit 808, such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 809, such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, or the like. The communication unit 809 allows the device 800 to exchange information/data with other devices via a computer network such as the internet and/or various telecommunication networks.

The computing unit 801 may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components having processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of computing unit 801 include, but are not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), various specialized Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 801 performs the respective methods and processes described above, for example, a quantum algorithm processing method. For example, in some embodiments, the quantum algorithm processing method may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly embodied on a machine-readable medium, such as the storage unit 808. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto device 800 via ROM 802 and/or communication unit 809. When a computer program is loaded into RAM 803 and executed by computing unit 801, one or more steps of the quantum algorithm processing method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 801 may be configured to perform the quantum algorithm processing method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuit systems, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), systems On Chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs, the one or more computer programs may be executed and/or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a special purpose or general-purpose programmable processor, that may receive data and instructions from, and transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.

Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, causes the functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.

In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) by which a user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic input, speech input, or tactile input.

The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a background component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such background, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), and the internet.

The computer system may include a client and a server. The client and server are typically remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so as to solve the defects of large management difficulty and weak service expansibility in the traditional physical host and virtual private server (VPS, virtual Private Server) service.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the disclosure, the special instructions comprising the fixed part for reflecting the special instructions and the custom part for reflecting the custom instructions are identified as the custom special instructions, the custom codes for indicating the custom quantum algorithms are obtained according to the custom special instructions, and finally the quantum equipment is controlled to operate the custom codes to execute the corresponding custom quantum algorithms.

It should be appreciated that various forms of the flows shown above may be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps recited in the present disclosure may be performed in parallel or sequentially or in a different order, provided that the desired results of the technical solutions of the present disclosure are achieved, and are not limited herein.

The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (21)

1. A quantum algorithm processing method, comprising:

acquiring an instruction to be executed, which is initiated by a user terminal and indicates to be executed by quantum equipment;

responding to the to-be-executed instruction which is determined to be a pre-created custom special instruction, and acquiring a corresponding target custom code according to the acquired custom special instruction; the custom special instruction comprises a fixed part for reflecting the special instruction and a custom part for reflecting the custom instruction;

controlling the quantum equipment to run a custom quantum algorithm pointed by the custom code; wherein a classical computation portion of the custom quantum algorithm is performed by a classical computation component associated with the quantum device, and a quantum computation portion is performed by the quantum device.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

Acquiring a creation request of a custom special instruction initiated by a user terminal;

extracting custom instruction names and corresponding storage positions of custom codes from the creation request;

establishing a corresponding relation between the custom instruction naming and the storage position;

and responding to the completion of the establishment of the corresponding relation, and returning a creation success notification to the user side initiating the creation request.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the obtaining the corresponding target custom code according to the obtained custom special instruction comprises:

extracting actual custom instruction naming from the preset field of the acquired custom special instruction;

inquiring the corresponding relation to determine an actual storage position corresponding to the actual custom instruction naming;

and downloading target custom codes stored in the actual storage positions.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

responding to the self-defined special instruction as a continuous test instruction comprising at least two loops of quantum computing circuits, controlling the quantum equipment to store the computing result of the non-final loop quantum computing circuit in a preset result temporary storage area, and controlling the quantum equipment to acquire the computing result of the last loop quantum computing circuit from the result temporary storage area as computing dependent data when the next loop quantum computing circuit is operated;

And receiving a final calculation result of a final loop quantum calculation circuit returned by the quantum equipment, and returning the final calculation result to a user terminal initiating the custom special instruction.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

and responding to the custom special instruction as a discontinuous test instruction only comprising the single-ring quantum computing circuit, receiving a single-ring computing result of the single-ring quantum computing circuit returned by the quantum equipment, and returning the single-ring computing result to a user side initiating the custom special instruction.

6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the controlling the quantum device to run the custom quantum algorithm referred to by the custom code comprises:

the custom code is issued to a code running container preset in the quantum equipment; the code operation container is a container which is constructed based on a containerization technology and can support the normal operation of the custom code;

and controlling the custom code to run in the code running container.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

and controlling the quantum equipment to limit the access authority and the flow circulation direction of the code operation container.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the restricted access rights of the code run container include at least one of:

writing permission of a system file of an external operating system, only calling a preset kernel function of the external operating system, acquiring the administrator permission of the external operating system, and operating in a privilege mode; wherein, the preset kernel function refers to a minimum number of kernel functions supporting the normal operation of the custom code.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the restricted flow direction of the code run container comprises:

and the flow outlet can only accept the task issuing flow from the preset component and only return the running result to the preset component or the preset whitelist.

10. A quantum algorithm processing apparatus comprising:

the to-be-executed instruction acquisition unit is configured to acquire to-be-executed instructions which are initiated by the user side and are executed by the quantum equipment;

the custom code acquisition unit is configured to respond to the custom special instruction which is determined to be created in advance by the instruction to be executed, and acquire a corresponding target custom code according to the acquired custom special instruction; the custom special instruction comprises a fixed part for reflecting the special instruction and a custom part for reflecting the custom instruction;

The custom quantum algorithm running unit is configured to run the custom quantum algorithm pointed by the custom code; wherein a classical computation portion of the custom quantum algorithm is performed by a classical computation component associated with the quantum device, and a quantum computation portion is performed by the quantum device.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:

the creation request acquisition unit is configured to acquire a creation request of a custom special instruction initiated by a user terminal;

an information extraction unit configured to extract custom instruction names and corresponding storage locations of custom codes from the creation request;

the corresponding relation establishing unit is configured to establish a corresponding relation between the custom instruction naming and the storage position;

and the creation success notification return unit is configured to return a creation success notification to the user side initiating the creation request in response to the completion of the establishment of the corresponding relation.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the custom code acquisition unit is further configured to:

extracting actual custom instruction naming from the preset field of the acquired custom special instruction;

Inquiring the corresponding relation to determine an actual storage position corresponding to the actual custom instruction naming;

and downloading target custom codes stored in the actual storage positions.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:

a continuous test instruction processing unit configured to control the quantum device to store a calculation result of a non-final loop quantum calculation circuit in a preset result temporary storage area in response to the custom special instruction as a continuous test instruction including at least two loops of quantum calculation circuits, and to control the quantum device to acquire a calculation result of a previous loop quantum calculation circuit from the result temporary storage area as calculated dependent data when a next loop quantum calculation circuit is operated;

and the final calculation result returning unit is configured to receive the final calculation result of the final loop quantum calculation circuit returned by the quantum equipment and return the final calculation result to the user side initiating the custom special instruction.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:

the discontinuous test instruction processing unit is configured to respond to the discontinuous test instruction which only comprises the single-ring quantum computing circuit, receive a single-ring computing result of the single-ring quantum computing circuit returned by the quantum equipment, and return the single-ring computing result to a user side which initiates the self-defined special instruction.

15. The apparatus of any of claims 10-14, wherein the custom quantum algorithm execution unit is further configured to:

the custom code is issued to a code running container preset in the quantum equipment; the code operation container is a container which is constructed based on a containerization technology and can support the normal operation of the custom code;

and controlling the custom code to run in the code running container.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:

and the access right and flow direction limiting unit is configured to control the quantum device to limit the access right and flow direction of the code running container.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the restricted access rights of the code run container include at least one of:

writing permission of a system file of an external operating system, only calling a preset kernel function of the external operating system, acquiring the administrator permission of the external operating system, and operating in a privilege mode; wherein, the preset kernel function refers to a minimum number of kernel functions supporting the normal operation of the custom code.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the restricted flow direction of the code run container comprises:

And the flow outlet can only accept the task issuing flow from the preset component and only return the running result to the preset component or the preset whitelist.

19. An electronic device, comprising:

at least one processor; and

a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,

the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the quantum algorithm processing method of any one of claims 1-9.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the quantum algorithm processing method of any one of claims 1-9.

21. A computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the quantum algorithm processing method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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