CN116026682B - QME-based rapid elastography calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a QME-based rapid elastography calculation method, which comprises the following steps: OCT scans the imaging device, image acquisition device, processor, displacement device, mechanics excitation device and objective table; the processor controls the mechanical excitation device to extrude the biological sample to be scanned up and down at a certain frequency and a certain amplitude; the processor also controls the OCT scanning imaging device to acquire scanning data of the biological sample to be scanned before extrusion and scanning data after extrusion at corresponding frequencies; the processor calculates the elastic modulus of the biological sample to be scanned according to the scanning data of the biological sample to be scanned before extrusion and the scanning data after extrusion, which are obtained by the OCT scanning imaging device, and compares the elastic modulus with a normal value to judge the characteristics of the biological sample to be scanned. The QME-based rapid elastography calculation method can timely acquire the information of the biological tissues excised in the open operation process in the surgical operation process, and is convenient for doctors to timely judge the progress of the operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a QME-based rapid elastography calculation method.
Background
QME (Quantitative Micro-Elastography) detection systems can assist doctors in detecting excised human tissue edges during surgery. The method comprises the steps of loading a sample to be detected through a loading device, and acquiring OCT data before and after loading the sample to be detected based on a OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) scanning imaging method. There are various calculation methods for the QME scanned results to obtain the biological sample related elasticity image. The magnitude of the strain is generally calculated by a weighted least square method, and the stress applied to the sample is calculated by a film thickness variation calculation using a silicone film with a known stress-strain curve as a mechanical sensor. After the stress and strain are obtained, young's modulus can be calculated to quantitatively evaluate the elasticity of each point of the sample. The weighted least squares calculation process is very time consuming, making it difficult to test QME for clinical transformations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a QME-based rapid elastography calculation method for solving the technical problems, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a QME-based fast elastography computation method, comprising the steps of:
acquiring two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading a sample to be measured;
calculating stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured based on the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data;
calculating strain distribution inside the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data;
calculating the elastic distribution of the sample to be tested based on the stress distribution and the strain distribution;
QME images are generated based on the elastic distribution.
Further, in the process of acquiring two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading a sample to be detected, a time sequence pulse signal generated by a software control signal generator is adopted to control the application of the load and the acquisition of the B scanning image.
Further, the specific method for acquiring the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of controlling a loading device by a time sequence pulse signal generated by a signal generator, controlling the start of software scanning of an OCT system by a start pulse signal of the signal generator, applying a fixed load to a sample at each high level by the loading device to perform one B scanning, removing the load at each low level to perform one B scanning, repeatedly collecting 3 rounds of B scanning at each transverse position to obtain 6B scanning images in total, then moving to the next transverse position to repeatedly execute the transverse scanning process until the scanning within a specified range is completed, obtaining three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading after the scanning is completed, processing the three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading, and finally obtaining a group of three-dimensional OCT data reflecting the change of the sample to be measured before and after loading.
Further, the specific method for processing the three sets of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading is as follows:
and carrying out time domain averaging on the three groups of three-dimensional OCT data, and eliminating noise to obtain a group of three-dimensional OCT data reflecting the change of the sample to be measured before and after loading.
Further, the frequency of the signal generator is set to one half of the scanning frequency of the OCT system B.
Further, the specific method for calculating the stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data comprises the following steps:
respectively carrying out edge detection on B scanning images before and after loading at each transverse position in the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading;
extracting a high scattering interface between the mechanical sensing film and the surface of the sample to be detected;
calculating the preloaded strain and the elastic modulus of the mechanical sensing film at the strain point;
calculating the strain of the mechanical sensing film before and after loading at each position;
and calculating stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured.
Further, edge detection is performed by a Canny operator.
Further, a complex vector-based calculation method is adopted to estimate strain distribution inside the sample to be measured.
Further, the specific method for calculating the strain distribution in the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data comprises the following steps:
performing phase difference processing on the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading;
selecting a two-dimensional phase difference matrix of the three-dimensional differential data at each transverse position;
smoothing each two-dimensional phase difference matrix in a smaller processing window;
calculating a two-dimensional phase gradient matrix of the two-dimensional phase difference matrix in the axial direction;
selecting a processing window to normalize the two-dimensional phase gradient matrix and carrying out vector summation in the transverse direction;
selecting a processing window, normalizing the two-dimensional phase gradient matrix, and carrying out vector summation in the axial direction;
obtaining a local phase angle through the processed two-dimensional phase gradient matrix;
estimating local strain from phase changes within a local depth range;
and after the calculation of all the transverse positions is completed, all the local strains are spliced in situ to obtain the strain distribution in the sample to be measured.
Further, the specific method for calculating the elastic distribution of the sample to be measured based on the stress distribution and the strain distribution comprises the following steps:
and calculating the ratio of the stress distribution to the strain distribution to obtain the elastic distribution.
The method has the advantage that the time required for calculating the QME image can be greatly reduced by the method for calculating the QME-based rapid elastography.
The QME-based rapid elastography calculation method has the advantages that the elasticity of the biological sample is quantitatively calculated, the three-dimensional elastic modulus of the biological sample is obtained, and compared with the method for calculating the strain of the biological sample only, the result is more accurate and has more clinical significance.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a QME-based fast elastography calculation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of two B-scans before and after loading;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional phase difference image after smoothing;
FIG. 4 is a strain distribution diagram;
FIG. 5 is a QME image of a transverse section;
FIG. 6 is a horizontal section [ (]en-face) QME image of (a).
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Fig. 1 shows a QME-based fast elastography calculation method of the present application, comprising the following steps: s1: and acquiring two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading the sample to be measured. S2: and calculating stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be detected based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data. S3: and calculating strain distribution in the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data. S4: and calculating the elastic distribution of the sample to be tested based on the stress distribution and the strain distribution. S5: QME images are generated based on the elastic distribution. Through the steps, the QME-based rapid elastography calculation method can greatly reduce the time required for calculating QME images. The above steps are specifically described below.
For step S1: and acquiring two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading the sample to be measured.
In the application, the deformation of the pressure sensing film is calculated by acquiring three-dimensional image data before and after loading of a sample to be measured through a quantitative elastography QME detection system based on a common light path structure SD-OCT, and the stress condition of each point on the surface of the sample to be measured is calculated according to the deformation. In the present application, the loading device of the QME detection system applies a prestress to the sample to be measured in the axial Z-axis direction, the QME detection system switches positions in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction), and B-scanning in the transverse direction (X-axis direction) is performed at each of the transverse positions distributed along the longitudinal direction. The B-scans of the plurality of lateral positions are stitched into one complete three-dimensional image data.
In the embodiment of the application, in the process of acquiring two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading a sample to be detected, a time sequence pulse signal generated by a software control signal generator is used for controlling the application of a load and the acquisition of a B scanning image.
As a preferred implementation mode, the specific method for acquiring the three-dimensional OCT data of the two groups before and after loading is as follows:
the time sequence pulse signal generated by the signal generator controls the loading device, the start pulse signal of the signal generator controls the start of the software scanning of the OCT system, the loading device applies a fixed load to the sample at each high level to perform one B scanning, and the loading device removes the load at each low level to perform one B scanning. In the present application, an artificial body film with a built-in inclusion is used as a sample to be measured. As shown in fig. 2, the left image is a B-scan image before loading, and the right image is a B-scan image after loading. And repeatedly acquiring 3 rounds of B scanning at each transverse position to obtain 6B scanning images in total, then moving to the next transverse position to repeatedly execute the transverse scanning process until scanning within a specified range is completed, obtaining three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading after the scanning is completed, processing the three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading, and finally obtaining a group of three-dimensional OCT data reflecting the change of the sample to be measured before and after loading.
In the embodiment of the application, the specific method for processing the three sets of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading is as follows: and carrying out time domain averaging on the three groups of three-dimensional OCT data, and eliminating noise to obtain a group of three-dimensional OCT data reflecting the change of the sample to be measured before and after loading. The frequency of the signal generator is set to one half of the scanning frequency of OCT system B.
Three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading is acquired.
For step S2: and calculating stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be detected based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data.
The specific method for calculating the stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured based on the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data comprises the following steps:
s21: and respectively carrying out edge detection on the B scanning images before and after loading at each transverse position in the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading.
In the application, the Canny operator is adopted to realize edge detection. Specifically, the image is first gaussian filtered and convolved with the B-scan image using a gaussian kernel of the form:
the gradient intensity matrix is calculated by adopting the convolution of a Sobel operator and a B scanning image, and the specific form is as follows;
wherein the method comprises the steps of
And->
For two matrices of the Sobel operator, I is a single B-scan image, +.>
Is a gradient intensity matrix.
And carrying out non-maximum pixel gradient inhibition on the gradient intensity matrix obtained by the method, and eliminating the stray effect caused by edge detection. The true and potential edges are determined using dual threshold detection and the detection is finally completed by suppressing isolated weak edges.
S22: and extracting a high scattering interface between the mechanical sensing film and the surface of the sample to be detected. Specifically, because the mechanical sensing film adopted by the QME system is a silicone film, the interior of the transparent mechanical sensing film is almost free from scattering, the edge information is not characterized, a top-down searching strategy is adopted for an edge detection result, and the first high-strength edge is the lower boundary of the pressure sensing film.
S23: the preloaded strain and the elastic modulus of the mechanical sensing film at the strain point are calculated.
And calculating the pre-loaded strain amount according to the thickness of the mechanical sensing film obtained by the B scanning image before loading and the original thickness of the mechanical sensing film. In the stress-strain curve of the mechanical sensing film, the slope at the strain point is the elastic modulus of the mechanical sensing film at the strain point. Specifically, the following calculation procedure was adopted for the processing:
recording device
Is mechanical transmissionOriginal thickness of the sensing film at (x, y) position before preloading, +.>
For the thickness of the location after preloading, the preload strain at the location is:
the tangential slope at the strain point can be obtained on the stress-strain curve, namely the elastic modulus at the (x, y) position after preloading
。
S24: and calculating the strain of the mechanical sensing film before and after loading at each position.
The thickness variation of the pressure sensing film before and after the application of the compressive load is calculated from the results of the edge detection of the previous two B-scan images, and the strain of the film at each position is calculated.
S25: and calculating stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured.
And calculating the stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured by combining the calculated strain distribution in the mechanical sensing film with the standard stress-strain curve. Specifically, the following calculation procedure was adopted for the processing:
the strain of the film at the (x, y) position was noted as
The stress at the (x, y) position is then:
from this, the stress distribution at each position on the surface of the sample to be measured can be calculated.
For step S3: and calculating strain distribution in the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data.
In the embodiment of the application, a complex vector-based calculation method is adopted to estimate the strain distribution inside the sample to be measured.
The specific method for calculating the strain distribution in the sample to be measured based on the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data comprises the following steps:
s31: and carrying out phase difference processing on the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading.
The two sets of three-dimensional OCT data are complex data containing amplitude and phase, and are processed in the following modes:
for pixel points at coordinate values (x, y, z), the signals before and after the application of the load are respectively expressed as:
the two signals are subjected to conjugate multiplication operation to obtain a signal with phase difference:
and each pixel point in the whole three-dimensional space is subjected to the phase difference processing to obtain a three-dimensional phase difference matrix.
S32: and selecting a two-dimensional phase difference matrix of the three-dimensional differential data at each transverse position.
S33: smoothing is performed within a small processing window for each two-dimensional phase difference matrix.
Specifically, the two-dimensional phase difference matrix is smoothed in a processing window of 3×3, and distortion caused by noise points on the image can be effectively reduced by the process, and the processed two-dimensional phase difference image is shown in fig. 3, wherein the stripe distribution in the figure is the wrapping phase limited in [ -pi, pi ].
S34: and calculating a two-dimensional phase gradient matrix of the two-dimensional phase difference matrix in the axial direction.
Based on the two-dimensional phase difference matrix processed in step S34, a two-dimensional phase gradient matrix including an increment of axial (along the depth direction of the Z axis) phase change is created, and the calculation method is as follows:
s35: a processing window is selected to normalize the two-dimensional phase gradient matrix and to sum vectors in the transverse direction.
In an embodiment of the present application, a processing window of 10×10 pixels is selected to traverse the entire two-dimensional phase gradient matrix. The pixel points in the window are subjected to preliminary normalization processing, and then the vector sum of complex vectors in the window is obtained in the transverse direction (namely the X-axis direction):
s36: and selecting a processing window, normalizing the two-dimensional phase gradient matrix, and carrying out vector summation in the axial direction.
After finishing the calculation of the vector sum of the transverse direction in the processing window, carrying out normalization processing in the axial direction (namely in the Z-axis direction) and solving the vector sum of complex vectors in the window:
and sliding and traversing the whole two-dimensional phase gradient matrix by using the processing window.
S37: and obtaining a local phase angle through the processed two-dimensional phase gradient matrix.
Specifically, the inter-frame phase increment of each position is extracted from the above processing result
。
S38: the local strain is estimated from the phase change over the local depth range.
According to the relation between displacement change and strain in a specific depth range, combining the obtained inter-frame phase increment, and calculating the local strain of each position by the following formula:
where d is the depth range over which the local strain is found. The strain distribution diagram of the whole two-dimensional phase difference matrix after calculation is shown in fig. 4, and the higher the color intensity team in the diagram is, the lower the strain is.
S39: and after the calculation of all the transverse positions is completed, all the local strains are spliced in situ to obtain the strain distribution in the sample to be measured.
For step S4: and calculating the elastic distribution of the sample to be tested based on the stress distribution and the strain distribution.
The optical coherence elastography makes the assumption of linear elastic solid for the sample to be measured in the tiny strain range caused by the applied load, and combines the stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured calculated in the previous step
Strain distribution inside a sample to be measured
The elastic modulus distribution E inside the sample to be measured can be calculated according to the following formula:
for step S5: QME images are generated based on the elastic distribution.
According to the elastic modulus value obtained by calculation, gray values are given to each pixel point according to the elastic modulus of the pixel point so as to intuitively display the elastic distribution of the sample to be detected. As shown in fig. 5, the QME image of the transverse cross section processed by the above calculation method has higher gray scale values corresponding to higher hardness, wherein the hard inclusions of the square cross section are easily seen. For analysis, a two-dimensional elastography of a certain horizontal cross section (en-face) is typically used to analyze the elastic distribution of the sample in the horizontal direction, as shown in FIG. 6. Wherein the inside of the sample to be tested is easy to see that the strip-shaped hard inclusion exists.
According to the QME-based rapid elastography calculation method, strain distribution inside a sample to be measured in compression type optical elastography is estimated through a complex vector-based calculation method. Compared with the traditional Weighted Least Square (WLS) method for estimating the strain, the method greatly shortens the operation time and improves the execution efficiency of the algorithm. The method simultaneously utilizes the amplitude and phase information of the phase-sensitive OCT measurement, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of strain estimation. The method also avoids the phase unwrapping process which is easy to generate errors in the traditional method, and improves the tolerance to additive noise and speckle decorrelation in the system.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and that all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The QME-based rapid elastography calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading a sample to be measured;
calculating stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured based on the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data;
calculating strain distribution inside the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data;
calculating the elastic distribution of the sample to be tested based on the stress distribution and the strain distribution;
generating QME images based on the elastic distribution;
the specific method for calculating the stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data comprises the following steps:
respectively carrying out edge detection on B scanning images before and after loading at each transverse position in the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading;
extracting a high scattering interface between the mechanical sensing film and the surface of the sample to be detected;
calculating the preloaded strain and the elastic modulus of the mechanical sensing film at the strain point;
calculating the strain of the mechanical sensing film before and after loading at each position;
calculating stress distribution of the surface of the sample to be measured;
estimating strain distribution in the sample to be measured by adopting a complex vector-based calculation method;
the specific method for calculating the strain distribution in the sample to be measured based on the two sets of three-dimensional OCT data comprises the following steps:
performing phase difference processing on the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading;
selecting a two-dimensional phase difference matrix of the three-dimensional differential data at each transverse position;
smoothing each two-dimensional phase difference matrix in a smaller processing window;
calculating a two-dimensional phase gradient matrix of the two-dimensional phase difference matrix in the axial direction;
selecting a processing window to normalize the two-dimensional phase gradient matrix and carrying out vector summation in the transverse direction;
selecting a processing window, normalizing the two-dimensional phase gradient matrix, and carrying out vector summation in the axial direction;
obtaining a local phase angle through the processed two-dimensional phase gradient matrix;
estimating local strain from phase changes within a local depth range;
and after the calculation of all the transverse positions is completed, all the local strains are spliced in situ to obtain the strain distribution in the sample to be measured.
2. The QME-based fast elastography calculation method of claim 1, wherein,
in the process of acquiring two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading a sample to be detected, a time sequence pulse signal generated by a software control signal generator is adopted to control the application of the load and the acquisition of a B scanning image.
3. The QME-based fast elastography calculation method of claim 2, wherein,
the specific method for acquiring the two groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of controlling a loading device by a time sequence pulse signal generated by a signal generator, controlling the start of software scanning of an OCT system by a start pulse signal of the signal generator, applying a fixed load to a sample at each high level by the loading device to perform one B scanning, removing the load at each low level to perform one B scanning, repeatedly collecting 3B scanning rounds at each transverse position to obtain 6B scanning images in total, then moving to the next transverse position to repeatedly execute the transverse scanning process until the scanning within a specified range is completed, obtaining three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading after the scanning is completed, processing the three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading, and finally obtaining a group of three-dimensional OCT data reflecting the change of the sample to be measured before and after loading.
4. The QME-based fast elastography calculation method of claim 3, wherein,
the specific method for processing the three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading comprises the following steps:
and carrying out time domain averaging on the three groups of three-dimensional OCT data before and after loading, and eliminating noise to obtain a group of three-dimensional OCT data reflecting the change of the sample to be tested before and after loading.
5. The QME-based fast elastography calculation method of claim 3, wherein,
the frequency of the signal generator is set to one half of the scanning frequency of OCT system B.
6. The QME-based fast elastography calculation method of claim 1, wherein,
and performing edge detection through a Canny operator.
7. The QME-based fast elastography calculation method of claim 1, wherein,
the specific method for calculating the elastic distribution of the sample to be measured based on the stress distribution and the strain distribution comprises the following steps:
and calculating the ratio of the stress distribution to the strain distribution to obtain the elastic distribution.
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